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Maya-Meraz IO, Ornelas-Paz JDJ, Pérez-Martínez JD, Gardea-Béjar AA, Rios-Velasco C, Ruiz-Cruz S, Ornelas-Paz J, Pérez-Leal R, Virgen-Ortiz JJ. Foliar Application of CaCO 3-Rich Industrial Residues on 'Shiraz' Vines Improves the Composition of Phenolic Compounds in Grapes and Aged Wine. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081566. [PMID: 37107361 PMCID: PMC10137510 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of wine grapes and wine depends on their content of phenolic compounds. Under commercial conditions, the phenolic maturity of grapes is mostly achieved by applying abscisic acid analogues. Some Ca forms represent a cost-effective alternative for these compounds. In this study, 'Shiraz' vines (veraison of 90%) were sprayed with CaCO3-rich residues from the cement industry (4.26 g of Ca per L). Fruit from treated and untreated vines was harvested 45 days after CaCO3 spraying and evaluated for quality. The fruit was vinified, and the obtained wines were bottled and stored in darkness for 15 months at 20 °C. Wines were evaluated for quality after storage. The evaluation of grape and wine quality included the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. The treatment with CaCO3 did not affect the ripening rate of grapes. However, the treatment improved the fruit yield as well as the color development, the content of phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity of grapes and wine. The treatment favored especially the accumulation of malvidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, caftaric acid, caffeic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, quercetin, catechin, epicatechin, resveratrol, and the procyanidins B1 and B2. Wine made with treated fruit was of higher quality than that of control fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Ofelia Maya-Meraz
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Av. Universidad S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Chihuahua C.P. 31110, Mexico
| | - José de Jesús Ornelas-Paz
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímicos y Nutrientes, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Av. Río Conchos S/N, Parque Industrial, Cd. Cuauhtémoc C.P. 31570, Mexico
| | - Jaime David Pérez-Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí C.P. 78210, Mexico
| | - Alfonso A Gardea-Béjar
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímicos y Nutrientes, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Av. Río Conchos S/N, Parque Industrial, Cd. Cuauhtémoc C.P. 31570, Mexico
| | - Claudio Rios-Velasco
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímicos y Nutrientes, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Av. Río Conchos S/N, Parque Industrial, Cd. Cuauhtémoc C.P. 31570, Mexico
| | - Saúl Ruiz-Cruz
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Encinas y Rosales S/N, Hermosillo C.P. 83000, Mexico
| | - Juan Ornelas-Paz
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímicos y Nutrientes, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Av. Río Conchos S/N, Parque Industrial, Cd. Cuauhtémoc C.P. 31570, Mexico
| | - Ramona Pérez-Leal
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Av. Universidad S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Chihuahua C.P. 31110, Mexico
| | - José Juan Virgen-Ortiz
- Centro de Innovación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario de Michoacán (CIDAM), Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro Km 8, Morelia C.P. 58341, Mexico
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