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Marín D, Orozco LY, Narváez DM, Ortiz-Trujillo IC, Molina FJ, Ramos CD, Rodriguez-Villamizar L, Bangdiwala SI, Morales O, Cuellar M, Hernández LJ, Henao EA, Lopera V, Corredor A, Toro MV, Groot H, Villamil-Osorio M, Muñoz DA, Hincapié RC, Amaya F, Oviedo AI, López L, Morales-Betancourt R, Marín-Ochoa BE, Sánchez-García OE, Marín JS, Abad JM, Toro JC, Pinzón E, Builes JJ, Rueda ZV. Characterization of the external exposome and its contribution to the clinical respiratory and early biological effects in children: The PROMESA cohort study protocol. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278836. [PMID: 36662732 PMCID: PMC9858469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution contains a mixture of different pollutants from multiple sources. However, the interaction of these pollutants with other environmental exposures, as well as their harmful effects on children under five in tropical countries, is not well known. OBJECTIVE This study aims to characterize the external exposome (ambient and indoor exposures) and its contribution to clinical respiratory and early biological effects in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cohort study will be conducted on children under five (n = 500) with a one-year follow-up. Enrolled children will be followed monthly (phone call) and at months 6 and 12 (in person) post-enrolment with upper and lower Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) examinations, asthma development, asthma control, and genotoxic damage. The asthma diagnosis will be pediatric pulmonologist-based and a standardized protocol will be used. Exposure, effect, and susceptibility biomarkers will be measured on buccal cells samples. For environmental exposures PM2.5 will be sampled, and questionnaires, geographic information, dispersion models and Land Use Regression models for PM2.5 and NO2 will be used. Different statistical methods that include Bayesian and machine learning techniques will be used for the ambient and indoor exposures-and outcomes. This study was approved by the ethics committee at Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. EXPECTED STUDY OUTCOMES/FINDINGS To estimate i) The toxic effect of particulate matter transcending the approach based on pollutant concentration levels; ii) The risk of developing an upper and lower ARI, based on different exposure windows; iii) A baseline of early biological damage in children under five, and describe its progression after a one-year follow-up; and iv) How physical and chemical PM2.5 characteristics influence toxicity and children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Marín
- School of Medicine, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Luz Yaneth Orozco
- School of Medicine, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
- School of Engineering, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | - Laura Rodriguez-Villamizar
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Shrikant I. Bangdiwala
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Statistics Department, Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Olga Morales
- School of Medicine, Pediaciencias Group, Universidad de Antioquia, Noel Clinic, Medellín, Colombia
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Martha Cuellar
- School of Medicine, Pediaciencias Group, Universidad de Antioquia, Noel Clinic, Medellín, Colombia
- Department of Pediatrics, SOMER Clinic, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | | | - Verónica Lopera
- Secretaría de Salud, Alcaldía de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Andrea Corredor
- Department of Pediatrics, ONIROS Centro Especializado en Medicina Integral del Sueño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María Victoria Toro
- School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Helena Groot
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Milena Villamil-Osorio
- Department of Pediatrics, Fundación Hospital Pediátrico la Misericordia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Ferney Amaya
- School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ana Isabel Oviedo
- School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lucelly López
- School of Medicine, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Beatriz Elena Marín-Ochoa
- School of Social Communications and Journalism, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | - Eliana Pinzón
- Secretaria distrital de Salud, Alcaldia de Bogota, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - Zulma Vanessa Rueda
- School of Medicine, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Londoño-Berrío M, Pérez-Buitrago S, Ortiz-Trujillo IC, Hoyos-Palacio LM, Orozco LY, López L, Zárate-Triviño DG, Capobianco JA, Mena-Giraldo P. Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Azobenzene-Based Polymeric Nanocarriers for Phototriggered Drug Release and Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153119. [PMID: 35956634 PMCID: PMC9370599 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug nanoencapsulation increases the availability, pharmacokinetics, and concentration efficiency for therapeutic regimes. Azobenzene light-responsive molecules experience a hydrophobicity change from a polar to an apolar tendency by trans–cis photoisomerization upon UV irradiation. Polymeric photoresponse nanoparticles (PPNPs) based on azobenzene compounds and biopolymers such as chitosan derivatives show prospects of photodelivering drugs into cells with accelerated kinetics, enhancing their therapeutic effect. PPNP biocompatibility studies detect the safe concentrations for their administration and reduce the chance of side effects, improving the effectiveness of a potential treatment. Here, we report on a PPNP biocompatibility evaluation of viability and the first genotoxicity study of azobenzene-based PPNPs. Cell line models from human ventricular cardiomyocytes (RL14), as well as mouse fibroblasts (NIH3T3) as proof of concept, were exposed to different concentrations of azobenzene-based PPNPs and their precursors to evaluate the consequences on mitochondrial metabolism (MTT assay), the number of viable cells (trypan blue exclusion test), and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage (comet assay). Lethal concentrations of 50 (LC50) of the PPNPs and their precursors were higher than the required drug release and synthesis concentrations. The PPNPs affected the cell membrane at concentrations higher than 2 mg/mL, and lower concentrations exhibited lesser damage to cellular genetic material. An azobenzene derivative functionalized with a biopolymer to assemble PPNPs demonstrated biocompatibility with the evaluated cell lines. The PPNPs encapsulated Nile red and dofetilide separately as model and antiarrhythmic drugs, respectively, and delivered upon UV irradiation, proving the phototriggered drug release concept. Biocompatible PPNPs are a promising technology for fast drug release with high cell interaction opening new opportunities for azobenzene biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Londoño-Berrío
- Grupo de Investigación Biología de Sistemas, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellin 050036, Colombia; (M.L.-B.); (I.C.O.-T.); (L.M.H.-P.); (L.Y.O.)
| | - Sandra Pérez-Buitrago
- Academic Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú, San Miguel 15088, Peru;
| | - Isabel Cristina Ortiz-Trujillo
- Grupo de Investigación Biología de Sistemas, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellin 050036, Colombia; (M.L.-B.); (I.C.O.-T.); (L.M.H.-P.); (L.Y.O.)
| | - Lina M. Hoyos-Palacio
- Grupo de Investigación Biología de Sistemas, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellin 050036, Colombia; (M.L.-B.); (I.C.O.-T.); (L.M.H.-P.); (L.Y.O.)
| | - Luz Yaneth Orozco
- Grupo de Investigación Biología de Sistemas, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellin 050036, Colombia; (M.L.-B.); (I.C.O.-T.); (L.M.H.-P.); (L.Y.O.)
| | - Lucelly López
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Pública, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellin 050036, Colombia;
| | - Diana G. Zárate-Triviño
- Immunology and Virology Laboratory, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64450, Mexico;
| | - John A. Capobianco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada;
| | - Pedro Mena-Giraldo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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Nieto Marín V, Echavarría Mazo LV, Londoño Berrio M, Orozco Jiménez LY, Estrada Vélez V, Isaza JP, Ortiz-Trujillo IC. Genotoxicity of organic material extracted from particulate matter of alternative fuels. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:17844-17852. [PMID: 33400118 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10894-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global demand for energy is rapidly increasing, and resources for the production of petroleum-based fuels are running out. For this, renewable fuels like biodiesel and hydrotreated vegetable oil biofuel are considered important alternatives to replace such fuels. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro genotoxicity effect on HepG2 cells of organic material extracted from particulate matter emissions of an engine fueled with conventional diesel or mixtures of diesel with 10% of biomass. The emissions were collected in two operational modes, 2410 rpm (slope simulation) and 1890 rpm (plane). Genotoxicity was evaluated through two methods, chromosomal aberration test and the alkaline comet assay. The former did not show any genotoxic effect, but the latter exhibited a statistically significant effect despite the operational mode of the engine and the concentration organic material extracted. In conclusion, regardless of the concentration of organic material extracted from particulate matter, the operational mode of the engine, or the fuel used, a significant damage of the DNA was found. In general, at the physicochemical level, a decrease in the amount of emissions of the used fuels is not directly related to a decrease in the genotoxicity potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Nieto Marín
- Grupo de Investigación Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1ra 70-01, Campus Laureles, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Leidy Vanessa Echavarría Mazo
- Grupo de Investigación Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1ra 70-01, Campus Laureles, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Maritza Londoño Berrio
- Grupo de Investigación Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1ra 70-01, Campus Laureles, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Luz Yaneth Orozco Jiménez
- Grupo de Investigación Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1ra 70-01, Campus Laureles, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Verónica Estrada Vélez
- Grupo de Investigación Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1ra 70-01, Campus Laureles, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Juan Pablo Isaza
- Grupo de Investigación Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1ra 70-01, Campus Laureles, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Isabel Cristina Ortiz-Trujillo
- Grupo de Investigación Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1ra 70-01, Campus Laureles, Medellin, Colombia.
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