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Londoño-Berrío M, Pérez-Buitrago S, Ortiz-Trujillo IC, Hoyos-Palacio LM, Orozco LY, López L, Zárate-Triviño DG, Capobianco JA, Mena-Giraldo P. Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Azobenzene-Based Polymeric Nanocarriers for Phototriggered Drug Release and Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153119. [PMID: 35956634 PMCID: PMC9370599 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug nanoencapsulation increases the availability, pharmacokinetics, and concentration efficiency for therapeutic regimes. Azobenzene light-responsive molecules experience a hydrophobicity change from a polar to an apolar tendency by trans–cis photoisomerization upon UV irradiation. Polymeric photoresponse nanoparticles (PPNPs) based on azobenzene compounds and biopolymers such as chitosan derivatives show prospects of photodelivering drugs into cells with accelerated kinetics, enhancing their therapeutic effect. PPNP biocompatibility studies detect the safe concentrations for their administration and reduce the chance of side effects, improving the effectiveness of a potential treatment. Here, we report on a PPNP biocompatibility evaluation of viability and the first genotoxicity study of azobenzene-based PPNPs. Cell line models from human ventricular cardiomyocytes (RL14), as well as mouse fibroblasts (NIH3T3) as proof of concept, were exposed to different concentrations of azobenzene-based PPNPs and their precursors to evaluate the consequences on mitochondrial metabolism (MTT assay), the number of viable cells (trypan blue exclusion test), and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage (comet assay). Lethal concentrations of 50 (LC50) of the PPNPs and their precursors were higher than the required drug release and synthesis concentrations. The PPNPs affected the cell membrane at concentrations higher than 2 mg/mL, and lower concentrations exhibited lesser damage to cellular genetic material. An azobenzene derivative functionalized with a biopolymer to assemble PPNPs demonstrated biocompatibility with the evaluated cell lines. The PPNPs encapsulated Nile red and dofetilide separately as model and antiarrhythmic drugs, respectively, and delivered upon UV irradiation, proving the phototriggered drug release concept. Biocompatible PPNPs are a promising technology for fast drug release with high cell interaction opening new opportunities for azobenzene biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Londoño-Berrío
- Grupo de Investigación Biología de Sistemas, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellin 050036, Colombia; (M.L.-B.); (I.C.O.-T.); (L.M.H.-P.); (L.Y.O.)
| | - Sandra Pérez-Buitrago
- Academic Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú, San Miguel 15088, Peru;
| | - Isabel Cristina Ortiz-Trujillo
- Grupo de Investigación Biología de Sistemas, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellin 050036, Colombia; (M.L.-B.); (I.C.O.-T.); (L.M.H.-P.); (L.Y.O.)
| | - Lina M. Hoyos-Palacio
- Grupo de Investigación Biología de Sistemas, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellin 050036, Colombia; (M.L.-B.); (I.C.O.-T.); (L.M.H.-P.); (L.Y.O.)
| | - Luz Yaneth Orozco
- Grupo de Investigación Biología de Sistemas, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellin 050036, Colombia; (M.L.-B.); (I.C.O.-T.); (L.M.H.-P.); (L.Y.O.)
| | - Lucelly López
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Pública, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellin 050036, Colombia;
| | - Diana G. Zárate-Triviño
- Immunology and Virology Laboratory, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64450, Mexico;
| | - John A. Capobianco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada;
| | - Pedro Mena-Giraldo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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Hoyos-Palacio LM, García AG, Pérez-Robles JF, González J, Martínez-Tejada HV. Catalytic effect of Fe, Ni, Co and Mo on the CNTs production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/59/1/012005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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