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Bitencourt RDOB, dos Santos-Mallet JR, Lowenberger C, Ventura A, Gôlo PS, Bittencourt VREP, Angelo IDC. A Novel Model of Pathogenesis of Metarhizium anisopliae Propagules through the Midguts of Aedes aegypti Larvae. Insects 2023; 14:insects14040328. [PMID: 37103143 PMCID: PMC10146130 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the effect of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae against Aedes aegypti. Conidia of M. anisopliae strains CG 489, CG 153, and IBCB 481 were grown in Adamek medium under different conditions to improve blastospore production. Mosquito larvae were exposed to blastospores or conidia of the three fungal strains at 1 × 107 propagules mL-1. M. anisopliae IBCB 481 and CG 153 reduced larval survival by 100%, whereas CG 489 decreased survival by about 50%. Blastospores of M. anisopliae IBCB 481 had better results in lowering larval survival. M. anisopliae CG 489 and CG 153 reduced larval survival similarly. For histopathology (HP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), larvae were exposed to M. anisopliae CG 153 for 24 h or 48 h. SEM confirmed the presence of fungi in the digestive tract, while HP confirmed that propagules reached the hemocoel via the midgut, damaged the peritrophic matrix, caused rupture and atrophy of the intestinal mucosa, caused cytoplasmic disorganization of the enterocytes, and degraded the brush border. Furthermore, we report for the first time the potential of M. anisopliae IBCB 481 to kill Ae. aegypti larvae and methods to improve the production of blastospores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacenir Reis dos Santos-Mallet
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, IOC-FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, IOC-FIOCRUZ-PI, Teresina 64001-350, PI, Brazil
- Laboratory of Surveillance and Biodiversity in Health, Iguaçu University-UNIG, Nova Iguaçu 28300-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carl Lowenberger
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Adriana Ventura
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Health and Biological Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Silva Gôlo
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Isabele da Costa Angelo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil
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de Oliveira Barbosa Bitencourt R, Corrêa TA, Santos-Mallet J, Santos HA, Lowenberger C, Moreira HVS, Gôlo PS, Bittencourt VREP, da Costa Angelo I. Correction: Beauveria bassiana interacts with gut and hemocytes to manipulate Aedes aegypti immunity. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:84. [PMID: 36864524 PMCID: PMC9983175 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05697-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo de Oliveira Barbosa Bitencourt
- grid.412391.c0000 0001 1523 2582Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ Brazil
| | - Thaís Almeida Corrêa
- grid.412391.c0000 0001 1523 2582Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ Brazil
| | - Jacenir Santos-Mallet
- grid.418068.30000 0001 0723 0931Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, IOC-FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil ,FIOCRUZ-PI, Teresina, Piauí Brazil ,grid.441915.c0000 0004 0501 3011Iguaçu University-UNIG, Nova Iguaçu, RJ Brazil
| | - Huarrisson Azevedo Santos
- grid.412391.c0000 0001 1523 2582Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ Brazil
| | - Carl Lowenberger
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Haika Victória Sales Moreira
- grid.412391.c0000 0001 1523 2582Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ Brazil
| | - Patrícia Silva Gôlo
- grid.412391.c0000 0001 1523 2582Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ Brazil
| | - Vânia Rita Elias Pinheiro Bittencourt
- grid.412391.c0000 0001 1523 2582Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ Brazil
| | - Isabele da Costa Angelo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
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de Oliveira Barbosa Bitencourt R, Corrêa TA, Santos-Mallet J, Santos HA, Lowenberger C, Moreira HVS, Gôlo PS, Bittencourt VREP, da Costa Angelo I. Beauveria bassiana interacts with gut and hemocytes to manipulate Aedes aegypti immunity. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:17. [PMID: 36650591 PMCID: PMC9847134 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquito-borne diseases affect millions of people. Chemical insecticides are currently employed against mosquitoes. However, many cases of insecticide resistance have been reported. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) have demonstrated potential as a bioinsecticide. Here, we assessed the invasion of the EPF Beauveria bassiana into Aedes aegypti larvae and changes in the activity of phenoloxidase (PO) as a proxy for the general activation of the insect innate immune system. In addition, other cellular and humoral responses were evaluated. METHODS Larvae were exposed to blastospores or conidia of B. bassiana CG 206. After 24 and 48 h, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted on the larvae. The hemolymph was collected to determine changes in total hemocyte concentration (THC), the dynamics of hemocytes, and to observe hemocyte-fungus interactions. In addition, the larvae were macerated to assess the activity of PO using L-DOPA conversion, and the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) was measured using quantitative Real-Time PCR. RESULTS Propagules invaded mosquitoes through the midgut, and blastopores were detected inside the hemocoel. Both propagules decreased the THC regardless of the time. By 24 h after exposure to conidia the percentage of granulocytes and oenocytoids increased while the prohemocytes decreased. By 48 h, the oenocytoid percentage increased significantly (P < 0.05) in larvae exposed to blastospores; however, the other hemocyte types did not change significantly. Regardless of the time, SEM revealed hemocytes adhering to, and nodulating, blastospores. For the larvae exposed to conidia, these interactions were observed only at 48 h. Irrespective of the propagule, the PO activity increased only at 48 h. At 24 h, cathepsin B was upregulated by infection with conidia, whereas both propagules resulted in a downregulation of cecropin and defensin A. At 48 h, blastospores and conidia increased the expression of defensin A suggesting this may be an essential AMP against EPF. CONCLUSION By 24 h, B. bassiana CG 206 occluded the midgut, reduced THC, did not stimulate PO activity, and downregulated AMP expression in larvae, all of which allowed the fungus to impair the larvae to facilitate infection. Our data reports a complex interplay between Ae. aegypti larvae and B. bassiana CG 206 demonstrating how this fungus can infect, affect, and kill Ae. aegypti larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo de Oliveira Barbosa Bitencourt
- grid.412391.c0000 0001 1523 2582Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ Brazil
| | - Thaís Almeida Corrêa
- grid.412391.c0000 0001 1523 2582Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ Brazil
| | - Jacenir Santos-Mallet
- grid.418068.30000 0001 0723 0931Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, IOC-FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil ,FIOCRUZ-PI, Teresina, Piauí Brazil ,grid.441915.c0000 0004 0501 3011Iguaçu University-UNIG, Nova Iguaçu, RJ Brazil
| | - Huarrison Azevedo Santos
- grid.412391.c0000 0001 1523 2582Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ Brazil
| | - Carl Lowenberger
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Haika Victória Sales Moreira
- grid.412391.c0000 0001 1523 2582Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ Brazil
| | - Patrícia Silva Gôlo
- grid.412391.c0000 0001 1523 2582Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ Brazil
| | - Vânia Rita Elias Pinheiro Bittencourt
- grid.412391.c0000 0001 1523 2582Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ Brazil
| | - Isabele da Costa Angelo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
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de Oliveira Barbosa Bitencourt R, de Souza Faria F, Marchesini P, Reis Dos Santos-Mallet J, Guedes Camargo M, Rita Elias Pinheiro Bittencourt V, Guedes Pontes E, Baptista Pereira D, Siqueira de Almeida Chaves D, da Costa Angelo I. Entomopathogenic fungi and Schinus molle essential oil: The combination of two eco-friendly agents against Aedes aegypti larvae. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 194:107827. [PMID: 36108793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti transmits arbovirus, which is a public health concern. Certain filamentous fungi have the potential to control the disease. Here, the effects of Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. CG 153, Beauveria bassiana s.l. CG 206 and Schinus molle L. were investigated against Aedes aegypti larvae. In addition, the effect of essential oil on fungal development was analyzed. Fungal germination was assessed after combination with essential oil at 0.0025 %, 0.0075 %, 0.005 %, or 0.01 %; all of the oil concentrations affected germination except 0.0025 % (v/v). Larvae were exposed to 0.0025 %, 0.0075 %, 0.005 %, or 0.01 % of the essential oil or Tween 80 at 0.01 %; however, only the essential oil at 0.0025 % achieved similar results as the control. Larvae were exposed to fungi at 107 conidia mL-1 alone or in combination with the essential oil at 0.0025 %. Regardless of the combination, M. anisopliae reduced the median survival time of mosquitoes more than B. bassiana. The cumulative survival of mosquitoes exposed to M. anisopliae alone or in combination with essential oil was 7.5 % and 2 %, respectively, and for B. bassiana, it was 75 % and 71 %, respectively. M. anisopliae + essential oil had a synergistic effect against larvae, whereas B. bassiana + essential oil was antagonistic. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and histopathology confirmed that the interaction of M. anisopliae was through the gut and hemocoel. In contrast, the mosquito's gut was the main route for invasion by B. bassiana. Results from gas chromatography studies demonstrated sabinene and bicyclogermacrene as the main compounds of S. molle, and the in-silico investigation found evidence that both compounds affect a wide range of biological activity. For the first time, we demonstrated the potential of S. molle and its interaction with both fungal strains against A. aegypti larvae. Moreover, for the first time, we reported that S. molle might be responsible for significant changes in larval physiology. This study provides new insights into host-pathogen interplay and contributes to a better understanding of pathogenesis in mosquitoes, which have significant consequences for biological control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda de Souza Faria
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paula Marchesini
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jacenir Reis Dos Santos-Mallet
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, IOC-FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ and FIOCRUZ-PI, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil; Iguaçu University-UNIG, Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana Guedes Camargo
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Emerson Guedes Pontes
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Debora Baptista Pereira
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Douglas Siqueira de Almeida Chaves
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabele da Costa Angelo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
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Senne NA, Santos HA, Araújo TR, Paulino PG, Mendonça LP, Moreira HVS, Camilo TA, da Costa Angelo I. Robust comparative performance of genomic DNA extraction methods from non-engorged phlebotomine sandflies. Med Vet Entomol 2022; 36:203-211. [PMID: 35229900 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study is a comparative analysis of DNeasy Blood & Tissue Qiagen® kit (Qiagen®, Hilden, Alemanha), salting out, HotShot and phenol-chloroform protocols to extract DNA from sandflies. In addition, a comparative test using sandflies with and without eyes evaluated the potential inhibitory effect in the cPCR. An inhibition test was performed using an exogenous DNA added to the qPCR. The genomic DNA quality of each sample was evaluated by cPCR based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene. The DNA extraction protocols showed the following percentage of amplification: HotShot (91.6% [55/60]), salting out (71.6% [43/60]), phenol-chloroform (95% [57/60]) and kit DNeasy Blood & Tissue Qiagen® (73.3% [44/60]). The phenol-chloroform method achieved a significantly higher frequency of cox1 gene amplification. The pigment present in the phlebotomine's eyes seems to inhibit cPCR reactions since the frequency of amplification of the cox1 gene increased in the sandflies without eyes (p < 0.0001). The HotShot method showed the highest inhibitory potential. These manual extraction techniques can be an inexpensive and effective alternative to study vector-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Alves Senne
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Huarrisson Azevedo Santos
- Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thamires Rezende Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gonzaga Paulino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leo Paulis Mendonça
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Haika Victória Sales Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tays Araújo Camilo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabele da Costa Angelo
- Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ramírez OLH, Santos HA, Paulino PG, van der Meer CS, Bautista JLR, Delgado ILJ, Obando JG, Garcia RR, da Costa Angelo I. Cross-sectional study of Brucella spp. using real-time PCR from bovine whole blood in Colombia. Vet Res Commun 2021; 46:189-201. [PMID: 34791575 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Colombia to recover Brucella spp. DNA from bovine whole-blood samples through probe-based real-time PCR (qPCR). By an SNP-based assay, vaccine strains were differentiated from field strains. The associated factors were evaluated using logistical regression models. A total of 656 random cows from 40 herds were selected and analyzed using serology and PCR. The qPCR assay detected 9.5% (n = 62/656; 95% CI: 7.3, 12.0) of the animals with Brucella-DNA presence, while the serological test detected a 6.6% (n = 43/656; CI: 4.8, 8.7). 62.5% (n = 25/40; 95% CI: 45.8, 77.3) of positive cases were detected at the herd-level by the qPCR, while only 27.5% (n = 11/40; 95% CI: 14.6, 43.9) were detected by the serological test. All positive samples were identified as field Brucella strains employing the SNP-based assay. In the final regression model at the animal-level, five variables were associated with Brucella-DNA presence: the use of bulls for mating recorded history of reproductive problems, pregnant cows, parlor milking, and cows belonging to farms ≤200 m from the main road. At the herd-level, two variables were associated with Brucella-DNA presence: recorded history of reproductive problems and the use of bulls for mating. Given the fluctuant brucellosis prevalence in endemic areas, updated epidemiological studies are necessary to evaluate the disease dynamic and if established prevention and control measures have been effective or need to be adjusted. The increase in the prevalence of brucellosis in animal reservoirs creates an important risk of transmission in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lucia Herrán Ramírez
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinarian Science, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 23897-000, Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Huarrisson Azevedo Santos
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 23897-000, Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gonzaga Paulino
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinarian Science, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 23897-000, Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carolina Soares van der Meer
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinarian Science, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 23897-000, Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Luis Rodríguez Bautista
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinarian Science, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 23897-000, Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana González Obando
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Agrarian Sciences Faculty, Antioquia University, P.O. Box 1228, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Rene Ramirez Garcia
- INCA-CES, Faculty of Veterinary medicine and zootechnics, CES University, Box 050021, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Isabele da Costa Angelo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 23897-000, Seropedica, RJ, Brazil.
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Marchesini P, Lemos ASDO, Bitencourt RDOB, Fiorotti J, Angelo IDC, Fabri RL, Costa-Júnior LM, Lopes WDZ, Bittencourt VREP, Monteiro C. Assessment of lipid profile in fat body and eggs of Rhipicephalus microplus engorged females exposed to (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol, potential acaricide compounds. Vet Parasitol 2021; 300:109596. [PMID: 34695723 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the lipid profile from the fat body and eggs of Rhipicephalus microplus was evaluated after exposure of engorged females to (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol, substances which have acaricide potential according to the literature. Engorged females collected from artificially infested cattle were immersed in a concentration of 10.0 mg/mL of each substance. Dissection of the female fat bodies was performed at different times (72 h and 120 h), for subsequent lipid extraction. In addition, on the fifth day of oviposition, were collected 50.0 ml50.0 mL aliquots of the egg mass of each treatment to perform the same lipid extraction procedure. To assess the lipid profiles, the samples were submitted to the thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. Furthermore, an in silico analysis was performed using PASS online® software to predict the possible molecular targets of (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol. As result, the main lipids identified from the fat body were triacylglycerides, fatty acids, and cholesterol, whereas, triacylglycerides (TAG), fatty acids (FA), and cholesterol (CHO) and cholesterol esters (CHOE), were identified in the eggs. The results also showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) of CHO in the fat body in the group exposed to (E)-cinnamaldehyde at 72 h (0.12 μg/fat body) and 120 h (0.46 μg/fat body), in the eggs from females treated with this same substance, there was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the amount of CHO (0.21 μg), compared to the water control group (0.45 μg). In the GCMS technique, 5 chemical classes were found, and variations were observed between these substances, mainly hydrocarbons and steroids, in the different groups, and (E)-cinnamaldehyde promoted the greatest changes. From the predictions of the in silico study, 38 and 20 targets were selected, respectively, which are mainly related to alterations in lipid metabolism, immune system and nervous system. This study provides the first report of changes in lipid metabolism of R. microplus exposed to (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol, as well as presenting possible activity on the molecular targets of these substances, expanding knowledge for the potential use of these compounds in the development of botanical acaricides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Marchesini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil.
| | - Ari Sérgio de Oliveira Lemos
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais Bioativos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s / n, Bairro Martelos, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-330, Brazil
| | | | - Jéssica Fiorotti
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Isabele da Costa Angelo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Luiz Fabri
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais Bioativos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s / n, Bairro Martelos, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Lívio Martins Costa-Júnior
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, MA, 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Welber Daniel Zaneti Lopes
- Departamento de Biociências do Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública da Universidade Federal de Goiás - Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74.690-900, Brazil
| | | | - Caio Monteiro
- Departamento de Biociências do Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública da Universidade Federal de Goiás - Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74.690-900, Brazil
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Biral NV, Azevedo Santos H, Senne NA, Paulino PG, Camilo TA, Tassinari WDS, Silva VL, Santos FN, Angelo IDC. A cross-sectional study of Leishmania spp. in draft horses from the Distrito Federal, Brazil: Seroprevalence, spatial distribution, and associated factors. Prev Vet Med 2021; 195:105467. [PMID: 34416652 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Equine leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan of the Leishmania genus, and it has been reported in several countries around the world, especially Brazil. Therefore, the present investigation aims to conduct a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence, spatial distribution, and associated factors with seropositivity for Leishmania spp. in draft horses from the Distrito Federal, Brazil. The serological survey was conducted on 411 animals, employing the Indirect Immunofluorescence Test (IFA) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The Kappa (κ) and gross agreement indexes evaluated the Leishmania spp. seropositivity by IFA and ELISA test. The statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test and logistic regression. The spatial analysis showed the areas with the highest number of seropositive and the Moran autocorrelation analyses between the spatial distribution and the epidemiological model's explanatory variables. A 27.01 % co-positivity was observed with a κ index of 52.64 %. The final model considered the variables: access to water bodies (p-value = 0.008, Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.26, Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.24-4.13), the absence of the use of ectoparasiticide (p-value = 0.008, OR = 1.93 CI = 1.18-3.15) and traveling animal (p-value = 0.059, OR = 1.54, CI = 0.98-2.41). The Kernel map showed hot areas with a high concentration of nine positive animals per area and some lighter areas ranging from five to seven positive animals per area where control measures should be performed. The Moran autocorrelation analysis was significant for the variables: traveling animal (Moran's I = 0.540 and pseudo-p-value = 0.001) and the absence of use ectoparasiticide (Moran's I = 0.259 and pseudo-p-value = 0.005). The current study exposes a high seroprevalence of Leishmania spp. in horses in the Distrito Federal, Brazil. Moreover, it proposes that traveling animal, the access to water bodies and the absence of the use of ectoparasiticide are significantly associated with seropositivity for Leishmania spp. in draft horses, which may contribute to the implementation of prophylactic and controls measures where leishmaniasis is already stalled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Valesca Biral
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Road BR 465, Km 07, Seropedica - RJ, 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Huarrisson Azevedo Santos
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Road BR 465, Km 07, Seropedica - RJ, 23890-000, Brazil.
| | - Nathália Alves Senne
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Road BR 465, Km 07, Seropedica - RJ, 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gonzaga Paulino
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Road BR 465, Km 07, Seropedica - RJ, 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Tays Araújo Camilo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Road BR 465, Km 07, Seropedica - RJ, 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Wagner de Souza Tassinari
- Department of Mathematics, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Road BR 465, Km 07, Seropedica - RJ, 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Valmir Laurentino Silva
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Surveillance in Leishmaniasis, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas, Av. Brazil, 4365, Manguinhos-RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Nunes Santos
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Surveillance in Leishmaniasis, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas, Av. Brazil, 4365, Manguinhos-RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Isabele da Costa Angelo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Road BR 465, Km 07, Seropedica - RJ, 23890-000, Brazil
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Camilo TA, Mendonça LP, Martins Dos Santos D, Ramirez LH, Senne NA, Paulino PG, Oliveira PA, Peixoto MP, Massard CL, Angelo IDC, Santos HA. Spatial distribution and molecular epidemiology of Babesia vogeli in household dogs from municipalities with different altitude gradients in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101785. [PMID: 34274574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We performed a cross-sectional epidemiological study with 456 household dogs from urban and rural areas in two different regions situated at different altitudes in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The PCR technique using 18S rRNA as target revealed prevalence of 7.9% of dogs positive for piroplasmids. These samples were sequenced, and all the sequences were 99.9% to 100% similar to Babesia vogeli sequences from other countries. The spatial distribution of positive cases was analysed using kernel interpolation in the QGIS software, and the spatial correlation indicators among positive dogs, altitude, and presence of ticks were obtained by calculating the local Moran index using the GeoDa software. The spatial correlation between positive cases and altitude was clear based on both visual and statistical observations. Logistic regression applying the Wald method with a cutoff point of 0.1 revealed that dogs from a region with altitude <600 m had a 2.29-fold chance of B. vogeli infection (OR = 2.29; p-value = 0.04; CI: 1.03-5.07), while the rainy season was 2.45 times more associated with B. vogeli infection (OR = 2.45; p-value = 0.01; CI: 1.20-5.01), and dogs infested with Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato had a 2.47 times higher chance of being infected (OR = 2.47; p-value = 0.02; CI: 1.13-5.38). Entropy analysis of the alignment between B. vogeli 18S rRNA (> 1.600 bp) sequences revealed that the most variable region corresponds to the hypervariable V4 region. Genetic homogeneity was observed among the B. vogeli 18S rRNA sequences, with distance values ranging from 0 to 0.007 and a mean value of 0.001. The evolutionary distance (0.003) was greater between the sequences from the municipalities of Barra do Pirai (low altitude) and Teresopolis (high altitude). This study expands the molecular epidemiologic knowledge of B. vogeli and shows points of variability in the B. vogeli 18S rRNA. The results indicate the potential use of spatial analysis tools to improve screening for positive cases, enabling more in-depth studies to strengthen understanding of tick infection prevention in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tays Araujo Camilo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Br 465, km 7, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Leo Paulis Mendonça
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Br 465, km 7, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Débora Martins Dos Santos
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Br 465, km 7, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Herran Ramirez
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Br 465, km 7, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Alves Senne
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Br 465, km 7, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gonzaga Paulino
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Br 465, km 7, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Priscila Almeida Oliveira
- Department of Surveying and Cartographic Engineering, Engineering Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Br 465, km 7, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Maristela Peckle Peixoto
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Br 465, km 7, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Luiz Massard
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Br 465, km 7, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Isabele da Costa Angelo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Br 465, km 7, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Huarrisson Azevedo Santos
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Br 465, km 7, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro 23897-000, Brazil.
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de Oliveira Barbosa Bitencourt R, Reis dos Santos Mallet J, Mesquita E, Silva Gôlo P, Fiorotti J, Rita Elias Pinheiro Bittencourt V, Guedes Pontes E, da Costa Angelo I. Larvicidal activity, route of interaction and ultrastructural changes in Aedes aegypti exposed to entomopathogenic fungi. Acta Trop 2021; 213:105732. [PMID: 33188750 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Blastospores or conidia (formulated or not) of entomopathogenic fungi were assessed against Aedes aegypti larvae. Larvae (L2) were exposed to 105, 106, 107, and 108 propagules mL-1 water suspension. Mineral oil at 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1.0% (v/v) was employed to observe the effect on larval survival. The 0.1% mineral oil did not affect larval survival. Accordingly, 107 propagules mL-1 and 0.1% mineral oil were used to prepare all fungal emulsions. The fungal suspension or formulation was prepared as follows: 107 propagules mL-1 on 0.03% TweenⓇ 80 (v/v) aqueous solution or 107 propagules mL-1 on 0.03% TweenⓇ 80 plus 0.1% mineral oil; larval survival rates were evaluated for 7 days, and median survival time (S50) was also determined. The presence of fungi in larvae was examined both histologically and by scanning electron microscopy 24 h or 48 h after exposure. To evaluate the larval growth, larvae were exposed to 107 propagules mL-1 for 48 hours and their length measured using a digital caliper. Here, propagules had similar results in reducing the larvae survival rate and time. The treatment with Beauveria bassiana s.l. at 108 propagules mL-1 or with Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. at 108 blastopores mL-1 reduced the larval survival time to two days. M. anisopliae s.l. at 108 conidia mL-1 reduced the survival time to three days. The survival time of larvae submitted to the other treatments ranged from 6 days to over 7 days. M. anisopliae s.l. or B. bassiana s.l. oil-in-water emulsions at 107 propagules mL-1 yielded better results than the water suspensions, the larvae survival rate was 2 days for both propagules in oil-in-water emulsion. Larvae exposed to blastospores from both isolates or M. anisopliae conidia were longer than in the other treatments. Scanning electron microscopy and histology analyzes found fungi predominantly in the gut, mouthparts, and perispiracular lobes of larvae. Formulated fungus yielded better results than the aqueous suspensions for control of mosquito larvae. Thus, for the first time, the effect of mineral oil on the fungal interaction on A. aegypti larvae was observed as well as the effect of entomopathogenic fungi in the growth of larvae, supporting the search for strategies to control this arthropod.
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Herrán Ramirez OL, Azevedo Santos H, Jaramillo Delgado IL, da Costa Angelo I. Seroepidemiology of bovine brucellosis in Colombia's preeminent dairy region, and its potential public health impact. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:2133-2143. [PMID: 32918242 PMCID: PMC7688874 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the associated factors of brucellosis in Colombia's preeminent dairy region declared in quarantine. A total of 656 samples were collected from cows ≥ 2-year-old from 40 herds. Samples were screened by the Rose Bengal Plate Test, and the Fluorescence Polarized Assay test and Competitive ELISA were used as confirmatory tests. A cow was classified as positive if the screening and both confirmatory tests were positive. A herd was classified as positive if at least one cow was seropositive. The factors associated to seropositivity were tested using a logistic regression model with explanatory variables regarding cattle management, zootechnical parameters, and sanitary practices. The seroprevalence at the animal level was 6.6% (43/656) and at herd level 27.5% (11/40). In the model, five variables explained the animal cases: purchase or animal transfer between owner's farms (OR = 2.79, 95% CI 1.42, 5.49), history of abortion (OR = 4.22, 95% CI 1.91, 9.33), birth of weak calves (OR = 13.77, 95% CI 2.75, 68.91), use of a bull for mating (OR = 9.69, 95% CI 2.23, 42.18), and the vaccination in adulthood (OR = 3.03, 95% CI 1.04.8.78). In the model at the herd level, two variables explained the cases: birth of weak calves (OR = 9.60, 95% CI 1.54, 59.76) and purchase or animal transfer between owner's farms (OR = 7.22, 95% CI 1.03, 50.62). These results justify the need for a quarantine declaration in the region and the implementation of epidemiological studies as a public health measures used to combat outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lucia Herrán Ramirez
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 23897-000, Seropedica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Huarrisson Azevedo Santos
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 23897-000, Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Isabele da Costa Angelo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 23897-000, Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
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Bitencourt RDOB, Salcedo-Porras N, Umaña-Diaz C, da Costa Angelo I, Lowenberger C. Antifungal immune responses in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae): A review. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 178:107505. [PMID: 33238166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes transmit many parasites and pathogens to humans that cause significant morbidity and mortality. As such, we are constantly looking for new methods to reduce mosquito populations, including the use of effective biological controls. Entomopathogenic fungi are excellent candidate biocontrol agents to control mosquitoes. Understanding the complex ecological, environmental, and molecular interactions between hosts and pathogens are essential to create novel, effective and safe biocontrol agents. Understanding how mosquitoes recognize and eliminate pathogens such as entomopathogenic fungi may allow us to create insect-order specific biocontrol agents to reduce pest populations. Here we summarize the current knowledge of fungal infection, colonization, development, and replication within mosquitoes and the innate immune responses of the mosquitoes towards the fungal pathogens, emphasizing those features required for an effective mosquito biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo de Oliveira Barbosa Bitencourt
- Program in Veterinary Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC V5A 1S6, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Nicolas Salcedo-Porras
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC V5A 1S6, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Claudia Umaña-Diaz
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC V5A 1S6, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Isabele da Costa Angelo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carl Lowenberger
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC V5A 1S6, British Columbia, Canada.
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da Silva LC, de Souza Perinotto WM, Sá FA, de Souza MAA, de Oliveira Barbosa Bitencourt R, Sanavria A, Santos HA, Marie-Magdeleine C, da Costa Angelo I. In vitro acaricidal activity of Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus and Mentha arvensis against Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Exp Parasitol 2020; 216:107937. [PMID: 32535114 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition and acaricidal activity of plant-derived essential oils was assessed against Rhipicephalus microplus ticks. The essential oils of Mentha arvensis, Cymbopogon citratus and C. nardus were assessed for acaricidal activity against Rhipicephalus microplus. Essential oils (EO) of plants were separated by hydrodistillation (three times) and analyzed using gas chromatography - mass spectrometer (GC-MS). For bioassays, engorged females of R. microplus were exposed to C. citratus and C. nardus EO at 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% concentrations; and to M. arvensis EO at 1%, 3%, and 5% for 5 min. The weight egg mass, nutrient index (N.I), egg production index (E.P.I), hatching and control rate were evaluated. Non-feed larvae of R. microplus were exposed to essential oils with 0.25%, 0.5%; 1%; 1.5% and 2% concentrations; the mortality rate was measured after 48 h. Only engorged females presented reduced biological activities (oviposition, E.P.I) after exposure to M. arvensis at 3%, when in comparison to both positive and negative controls. The hatchability of R. microplus larvae ranged from 66.9% (after exposure to C. nardus EO at 5%) to 99.2% (positive control). The nutrition index was lower (46.6%) for the exposure to M. arvensis EO at 5%. M. arvensis at 3% and 5% concentrations was significantly efficient for engorged females when compared to control (53.7% and 47.5%, respectively). C. citratus EO at 1%, 1.5% and 2% concentrations yielded better results in the larval packet test, causing 100% mortality. Nonetheless, C. nardus and M. arvensis EO at 2% yielded 66% and 39% mortality, respectively. The study showed that M. arvensis presented potential for the control of R. microplus engorged females while C. citratus and C. nardus presented potential as a larvicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Clara da Silva
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Fillipe Araujo Sá
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Federal Rural of University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marco André Alves de Souza
- Department of Chemistry Exact Institute Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Argemiro Sanavria
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Huarrisson Azevedo Santos
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Isabele da Costa Angelo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
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Fiorotti J, Menna-Barreto RFS, Gôlo PS, Coutinho-Rodrigues CJB, Bitencourt ROB, Spadacci-Morena DD, Angelo IDC, Bittencourt VREP. Ultrastructural and Cytotoxic Effects of Metarhizium robertsii Infection on Rhipicephalus microplus Hemocytes. Front Physiol 2019; 10:654. [PMID: 31191351 PMCID: PMC6548823 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metarhizium is an entomopathogenic fungus widely employed in the biological control of arthropods. Hemocytes present in the hemolymph of invertebrates are the cells involved in the immune response of arthropods. Despite this, knowledge about Rhipicephalus microplus hemocytes morphological aspects as well as their role in response to the fungal infection is scarce. The present study aimed to analyze the hemocytes of R. microplus females after Metarhizium robertsii infection, using light and electron microscopy approaches associated with the cytotoxicity evaluation. Five types of hemocytes (prohemocytes, spherulocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, and oenocytoids) were described in the hemolymph of uninfected ticks, while only prohemocytes, granulocytes, and plasmatocytes were observed in fungus-infected tick females. Twenty-four hours after the fungal infection, only granulocytes and plasmatocytes were detected in the transmission electron microscopy analysis. Hemocytes from fungus-infected tick females showed several cytoplasmic vacuoles with different electron densities, and lipid droplets in close contact to low electron density vacuoles, as well as the formation of autophagosomes and subcellular material in different stages of degradation could also be observed. M. robertsii propagules were more toxic to tick hemocytes in the highest concentration tested (1.0 × 108 conidia mL-1). Interestingly, the lowest fungus concentration did not affect significantly the cell viability. Microanalysis showed that cells granules from fungus-infected and uninfected ticks had similar composition. This study addressed the first report of fungal cytotoxicity analyzing ultrastructural effects on hemocytes of R. microplus infected with entomopathogenic fungi. These results open new perspectives for the comprehension of ticks physiology and pathology, allowing the identification of new targets for the biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Fiorotti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Silva Gôlo
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Oliveira Barbosa Bitencourt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | | | - Isabele da Costa Angelo
- Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
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de Paulo JF, Camargo MG, Coutinho-Rodrigues CJB, Marciano AF, de Freitas MC, da Silva EM, Gôlo PS, Morena DDS, da Costa Angelo I, Bittencourt VREP. Rhipicephalus microplus infected by Metarhizium: unveiling hemocyte quantification, GFP-fungi virulence, and ovary infection. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:1847-1856. [PMID: 29700639 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5874-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hemocytes, cells present in the hemocoel, are involved in the immune response of arthropods challenged with entomopathogens. The present study established the best methodology for harvesting hemocytes from Rhipicephalus microplus and evaluated the number of hemocytes in addition to histological analysis from ovaries of fungus-infected females and tested the virulence of GFP-fungi transformants. Different centrifugation protocols were tested, and the one in which presented fewer disrupted cells and higher cell recovery was applied for evaluating the effect of Metarhizium spp. on hemocytes against R. microplus. After processing, protocol number 1 (i.e., hemolymph samples were centrifuged at 500×g for 3 min at 4 °C) was considered more efficient, with two isolates used (Metarhizium robertsii ARSEF 2575 and Metarhizium anisopliae ARSEF 549), both wild types and GFP, to assess their virulence. In the biological assays, the GFP-fungi were as virulent as wild types, showing no significant differences. Subsequently, hemocyte quantifications were performed after inoculation, which exhibited notable changes in the number of hemocytes, reducing by approximately 80% in females previously treated with Metarhizium isolates in comparison to non-treated females. Complementarily, 48 h after inoculation, in which hemolymph could not be obtained, histological analysis showed the high competence of these fungi to colonize ovary from ticks. Here, for the first time, the best protocol (i.e., very low cell disruption and high cell recovery) for R. microplus hemocyte obtaining was established aiming to guide directions to other studies that involves cellular responses from ticks to fungi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Fiorotti de Paulo
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Guedes Camargo
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caio Junior Balduino Coutinho-Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Allan Felipe Marciano
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Clemente de Freitas
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emily Mesquita da Silva
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Silva Gôlo
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465 Km 07, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Brazil
| | | | - Isabele da Costa Angelo
- Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vânia Rita Elias Pinheiro Bittencourt
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465 Km 07, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Brazil.
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Sanavria A, Silva CBD, Electo ÉH, Nogueira LCR, Thomé SMG, Angelo IDC, Vita GF, Sanavria TEC, Padua ED, Gaiotte DG. Intelligent monitoring of Aedes aegypti in a rural area of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2017; 59:e51. [PMID: 28793020 PMCID: PMC5626224 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201759051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to monitor the presence of females of Aedes
aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) on the Seropédica municipality,
Rio de Janeiro State, from 2010 to 2013. For this purpose, the Intelligent Dengue
Monitoring (IM-Dengue) and Intelligent Virus Monitoring (IM-Virus) developed by
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Ecovec – Minas Gerais, Brazil), were used.
IM-Dengue is a tool that allows achieving a weekly overview of A.
aegypti infestation, while IM-Virus is another tool that allows detecting
dengue virus directly from the mosquito, by Real Time-PCR. Both tools were developed
for diagnosis in a prepathogenesis period of the disease, before infection
occurrence. Traps were distributed in 19 locations inside the municipality and the
bugs were collected weekly during the years of the research. As a result, the
presence of 163 females of A. aegypti was recorded over the period;
there was no circulation of the virus in the municipality. In one of the 19 study
sites, a high degree of disease transmission risk was verified. The study concluded
that the municipality, as a whole, showed no risk of disease transmission throughout
the field research period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argemiro Sanavria
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia Bezerra da Silva
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Érica Heleno Electo
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Cristina Rocha Nogueira
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Gomes Thomé
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabele da Costa Angelo
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilmar Ferreira Vita
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Elisa Domingues Padua
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denise Glória Gaiotte
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Gaudêncio FN, Klafke GM, Tunholi-Alves VM, Ferreira TP, Coelho CN, da Fonseca AH, da Costa Angelo I, Pinheiro J. Activity of carboxylesterases, glutathione-S-transferase and monooxygenase on Rhipicephalus microplus exposed to fluazuron. Parasitol Int 2017; 66:584-587. [PMID: 28435029 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the exposure to fluazuron on the activity of common pesticide detoxification enzyme groups in the cattle tick (Rhipicephalus microplus). Engorged females of a susceptible strain (POA) and a resistant strain (Jaguar) were exposed in vitro to fluazuron and their eggs and larvae were used to compare the activities of the general esterases, mixed-function oxidases (MFO) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The results showed significant elevation in MFO contents and esterases activity in the resistant strain when compared with the susceptible strain, in eggs and larvae respectively. In the POA strain, the MFO activity in eggs was down-regulated by fluazuron exposure. Based on these results, it can be concluded that different detoxification enzymes can act in distinct pathways depending on the tick's development stage, and may be related to fluazuron detoxification in resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício Nascimento Gaudêncio
- Laboratório de Biofísica, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, IV, UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Marcondes Klafke
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Menezes Tunholi-Alves
- Laboratório de Biofísica, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, IV, UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thaís Paes Ferreira
- Laboratório de Quimioterapia Experimental em Parasitologia Veterinária, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Nunes Coelho
- Laboratório de Quimioterapia Experimental em Parasitologia Veterinária, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adivaldo Henrique da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabele da Costa Angelo
- Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jairo Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Biofísica, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, IV, UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
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Gaudêncio FN, Cordeiro MD, Valim JRDA, Baêta BDA, Bittencourt VREP, Fonseca AHD, Angelo IDC, Pinheiro J. Effects of fluazuron on the biological parameters of engorged females of Rhipicephalus microplus. Braz J Vet Med 2017. [DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm023017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Golo PS, Dos Santos ASDO, Monteiro CMO, Perinotto WMDS, Quinelato S, Camargo MG, de Sá FA, Angelo IDC, Martins MF, Prata MCDA, Bittencourt VREP. Lab-on-a-chip and SDS-PAGE analysis of hemolymph protein profile from Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) infected with entomopathogenic nematode and fungus. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:3459-68. [PMID: 27174026 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, lab-on-a-chip electrophoresis (LoaC) was suggested as an alternative method to the conventional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions (SDS-PAGE) to analyze raw cell-free tick hemolymph. Rhipicephalus microplus females were exposed to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae senso latu IBCB 116 strain and/or to the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis indica LPP1 strain. Hemolymph from not exposed or exposed ticks was collected 16 and 24 h after exposure and analyze by SDS-PAGE or LoaC. SDS-PAGE yielded 15 bands and LoaC electrophoresis 17 bands. Despite the differences in the number of bands, when the hemolymph protein profiles of exposed or unexposed ticks were compared in the same method, no suppressing or additional bands were detected among the treatments regardless the method (i.e., SDS-PAGE or chip electrophoresis using the Protein 230 Kit®). The potential of LoaC electrophoresis to detect protein bands from tick hemolymph was considered more efficient in comparison to the detection obtained using the traditional SDS-PAGE method, especially when it comes to protein subunits heavier than 100 KDa. LoaC electrophoresis provided a very good reproducibility, and is much faster than the conventional SDS-PAGE method, which requires several hours for one analysis. Despite both methods can be used to analyze tick hemolymph composition, LoaC was considered more suitable for cell-free hemolymph protein separation and detection. LoaC hemolymph band percent data reported changes in key proteins (i.e., HeLp and vitellogenin) exceptionally important for tick embryogenesis. This study reported, for the first time, tick hemolymph protein profile using LoaC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Silva Golo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Caio Marcio Oliveira Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n - Campus Universitário Bairro Martelos, 36036-330, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Cência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Wendell Marcelo de Souza Perinotto
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Mestrado em Biociência Animal, Universidade de Cuiabá, Avenida Beira Rio, 3100 Jardim Europa, 78015-480, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Simone Quinelato
- Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, Coleção de Culturas de Fungos Filamentosos, Pavilhão Rocha Lima - sala 525. Avenida Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana Guedes Camargo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fillipe Araujo de Sá
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Química Biológica, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabele da Costa Angelo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marta Fonseca Martins
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Rua Eugênio do Nascimento, 610 Bairro Dom Bosco, 36038-330, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Gaudêncio FN, Tunholi-Alves VM, Lima MG, Gôlo PS, Angelo IDC, Castro RN, Fonseca AHD, Scott FB, Pinheiro J. Alterations in the oxidative metabolism of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks in response to exposure to the insect growth regulator fluazuron. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2016; 25:54-60. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612016006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Aiming to characterize the potential off-target effects of fluazuron on ticks, biochemical analyses were conducted to evaluate changes in the carbohydrate metabolism of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks after exposure to fluazuron. Hemolymph and fat body were collected from female ticks before and after (4, 8 and 15 days) exposure to fluazuron. Spectrophotometric analyses were done to quantify glucose concentration and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the hemolymph and the concentration of glycogen in the tick’s fat body. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was employed to determine the concentration of carboxylic acids in the hemolymph and to evaluate changes in intermediary metabolic processes requiring oxygen consumption. Increases in the levels of LDH activity and lactic acid concentration indicated that fluazuron enhanced fermentative metabolism in ticks. Exposure to fluazuron was also found to increase glucose concentrations in the hemolymph over time, although no significant differences were noted daily. In addition to expanding the body of knowledge about the mode of action of fluazuron, investigations into these mechanisms may also be useful in discovering new and as yet unexplored secondary effects.
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Gôlo PS, Angelo IDC, Camargo MG, Perinotto WMDS, Bittencourt VREP. Effects of destruxin A on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2011; 20:338-41. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612011000400015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of destruxin A on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus females, since this toxin is one of the likely causes of high mortality induced by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae in arthropods. Ticks were immersed or inoculated with different concentrations of destruxin A. Despite the doses applied, there were no deaths or significant alterations in oviposition between the groups treated with destruxin A and the control groups. No other external effect caused by destruxin, such as tetanic paralysis, was observed in these engorged female ticks after the treatment.
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Santos HA, Angelo IDC, Franque MP, Vashist U, Duarte AF, Baldani CD, Thomé SMG, Faccini JLH, Massard CL. The influence of the fasting period on the number of nymphal instars and on the sex ratio of Argas (Persicargas) miniatus (Acari: Argasidae). Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2010; 19:164-168. [PMID: 20943020 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612010000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated the biology of nymphs of the first and second instars of Argas (Persicargas) miniatus. Nymphs were deprived of food for 15, 30 or 60 days and held at 27 ± 1 °C and 80 ± 10% relative humidity (controlled conditions) or at room conditions of temperature and relative humidity. Nymphs of first instar deprived of food for 15 or 30 days molted to second and third instars in both controlled and room conditions. Nymphs of the first instar deprived of food for 60 days had 28 and 37% mortality in controlled and room conditions, respectively; and survivors did not attach to the host. Nymphs of the second instar, deprived of food for 60 days, molted either to the third instar or to males after feeding on Gallus gallus, and the nymphs of the third instar developed to adults (42.42% males and 36.36% females when nymphs were held in controlled temperature and humidity conditions, and 40.54% males and 48.65% females when nymphs were held in room conditions). The remainder of the nymphs molted to the fourth instar and then molted to females. In conclusion, the nymphal starvation period of 60 days determined the number of nymph instars in the life cycle of A. miniatus under the experimental conditions studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarrisson Azevedo Santos
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro-UFRRJ, BR 465, Km 7, CEP 23890-000, Seropédica-RJ, Brazil.
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