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Sufiyan MB, Abdulkareem SB, Joshua IA, Suleiman AG, Umar AA, Amadu L. Knowledge and perception of medication errors among health care workers in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Kaduna State, North-west Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J 2023; 30:150-155. [PMID: 37148118 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_75_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Medication errors (MEs) are important, often overlooked forms of medical error that are associated with morbidity and mortality in health care settings. Among health care workers, knowledge, attitude and perception may affect reporting of MEs. Aim The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge and perception of MEs among health care workers in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among 138 health care workers selected randomly through a stratified sampling. Their responses were collected using pre-tested, self-administered questionnaires and analysed using the Statsitical Package for the Social Sciences. The numerical variables were summarised as means and standard deviations, whereas categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages. The Chi-square test was used to test for associations at P < 0.05. Results All the respondents heard of MEs and up to 108 (78.3%) correctly defined them. While only 121 (87.7%) respondents had fair to good knowledge about MEs, all of them had good perception of them. Major types of MEs known by the respondents were knowledge-based errors (79.7%), rule-based errors (52.9%), action-based errors (67.4%) and memory-based errors (55.8%). The causes of MEs identified were communication problems (88.4%), poor organizational knowledge transfer (63.8%), heavy workload (80.4%) and not reading instructions carefully (63.0%). There was no statistically significant association between the level of knowledge on MEs and sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents. Conclusion Knowledge and perceptions of MEs were good among our respondents. Adequate mechanism (s) should be put in place to encourage the reporting of MEs whenever they occur to promote patient safety and improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Auwal Garba Suleiman
- Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria; Institute of Child Health, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Ahmad Ayuba Umar
- Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Lawal Amadu
- Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria, Nigeria
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Joshua IA, Giwa FJ, Kwaga JKP, Kabir J, Owolodun OA, Umaru GA, Habib AG. Phenotypic Characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Patients in Healthcare Institutions in Zaria Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2022; 39:1148-1155. [PMID: 36453526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a cosmopolitan and pathogenic microorganism associated with various diseases spectra and antimicrobial resistance of public health importance. AIM This study determined the phenotypic characteristics of S. aureus isolated from patients in healthcare institutions in Zaria metropolis. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out in 5 healthcare institutions. Four hundred and twenty clinical samples were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Majority of the patients (54.3%) were within the age range 21-40 years and mean age of 26.04 ± 12 years. Approximately, 70% of the respondents had history of antibiotic use prior to consultation in the hospitals and were self-prescribed, and 91.2% were outpatients. The most commonly abused antibiotics were ampicillin-cloxacillin (19.5%) and cotrimoxazole (10.0%), and the mean duration of their use was 3.5 ± 1.3 days. The detection rate for S. aureus was 10% and 5.2% for MRSA. The S. aureus isolates showed the highest frequency of resistance against ampicillin 42 (100%), followed by penicillin G 39 (92.9%) and least was to gentamicin 5 (11.9%). The frequency of resistance for the MRSA were ampicillin 22 (100%), penicillin G 21(95.5%) and least was to gentamicin 2 (9.1%). The minimum inhibitory concentrations of oxacillin were greater than 128 μg /ml. CONCLUSION The detection rate of S. aureus and MRSA strains are of great public health concern which requires continuous health education on rational use of antibiotics among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Joshua
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - F J Giwa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Basic and Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - J K P Kwaga
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - J Kabir
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - O A Owolodun
- Biotechnology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, 930001, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - G A Umaru
- Department of Animal Health, College of Agriculture, PMB 1025, Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria
| | - A G Habib
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
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Nmadu AG, Jafaru A, Dahiru T, Joshua IA, Nwankwo B, Mohammed-Durosinlorun A. Cross-sectional study on knowledge, attitude and prevalence of domestic violence among women in Kaduna, north-western Nigeria. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e051626. [PMID: 35260449 PMCID: PMC8905932 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Domestic violence is a global issue of public health concern with detrimental effects on women's physical, mental and social well-being. There is a paucity of community-based studies assessing the knowledge and attitude of women towards domestic violence in Nigeria. OBJECTIVE To assess knowledge, attitudes, prevalence and associated factors of domestic violence among women in a community in Kaduna, Nigeria. DESIGN A descriptive cross-sectional study. SETTING A selected community in Kaduna South Local Government Area in Kaduna State. PARTICIPANTS In total, 170 women aged 15-49 years participated in the study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The outcomes were knowledge, attitude and prevalence of domestic violence. RESULTS The mean age of the respondents was 28.7+7.9 years. A total of 113 (66.5%) respondents had high level of knowledge about domestic violence with 114 (67.1%) having non-tolerant attitudes towards domestic violence. The lifetime prevalence and 12-month prevalence of domestic violence were 47.1% and 35.3%, respectively. The results of logistic regression identified the educational status of women as a significant predictor of knowledge of domestic violence (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.32; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.68), while marital status (aOR=0.21; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.96), occupation of women (aOR=2.49; 95% CI 1.13 to 5.49), their tolerance of wife beating (aOR=0.33; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.72) and their partners' consumption habit of alcohol/substance use (aOR=7.91; 95% CI 3.09 to 20.27) were identified as significant predictors of the women's experience of domestic violence. CONCLUSION Domestic violence was relatively high among women. Though a majority had high level of knowledge about domestic violence, a significant third had tolerant attitudes towards it. Appropriate health interventions need to be implemented by governmental and relevant stakeholders to target negative attitudes and address associated factors of domestic violence against women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awawu Grace Nmadu
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Abubakar Jafaru
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Tukur Dahiru
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Istifanus Anekoson Joshua
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Bilkisu Nwankwo
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Amina Mohammed-Durosinlorun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
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Gobir A, Ejembi C, Aliyu A, Garba MBMB, Igboanusi CJC, Usman B, Umar ZZ, Joshua IA. Hygiene Practices in a Nigerian rural Community during Lassa Fever Epidemic. Saudi J Med Med Sci 2019; 7:121-123. [PMID: 31080395 PMCID: PMC6503700 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_192_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an increase in the incidence of disasters in many parts of the world. Similarly, Nigeria has witnessed a recent increase of man-made disaster events such as plane crash, fire incidents, flood, and building collapse, including bomb blast orchestrated by terrorists that often create emergency situations. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate family emergency plan and preparedness among medical practitioners in Zaria. METHODS This was a cross-sectional descriptive study (May-July, 2013) of medical practitioners in Zaria, Nigeria. The structured questionnaire sought the socio-demographic features of the respondents, the availability of emergency gate(s) in the house, education of safety measures within and outside the house, well-known located shut-off devices for gases, electricity, and water in the house, and written document/policy in the event of disaster. Also, planned orientations/drills/sensitizations, whether there is contact information of family members and supporting agencies. RESULTS Majority of the respondents were male 56 (80.0 percent) and fall within the age group of 46-50 years (20.0 percent). Only 8.6 percent admitted having an unwritten policy on emergency management in their houses. Similarly, only 8.6 percent do create time to teach their family members on emergency management. Only 27 (38.6 percent) had emergency supplies kits and among this group, water appears to be the most essential component that the respondents had paid attention to, leaving out special items. The communication plans of respondents to likely supportive services/agencies during disaster showed that majority had contact address or have affirmative plans for hospital and ambulance services than for radio and television stations. CONCLUSION Family emergency plans and preparedness among medical practitioners in Zaria are extremely low. There is a gap between knowledge of what need to be done to enhance preparedness and internalizing preparedness recommendations in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Godfrey Makama
- Department of Surgery, Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria; Centre for Disaster Risk Management and Development Studies, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Istifanus Anekoson Joshua
- Department of Community Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria; Centre for Disaster Risk Management and Development Studies, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth Jerry Makama
- Department of Nursing Services, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
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Makama JG, Joshua IA, Makama EJ. Family emergency plan and preparedness among medical practitioners in Zaria, Nigeria. J Emerg Manag 2017; 14:423-430. [PMID: 28101880 DOI: 10.5055/jem.2016.0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an increase in the incidence of disasters in many parts of the world. Similarly, Nigeria has witnessed a recent increase of man-made disaster events such as plane crash, fire incidents, flood, and building collapse, including bomb blast orchestrated by terrorists that often create emergency situations. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate family emergency plan and preparedness among medical practitioners in Zaria. METHODS This was a cross-sectional descriptive study (May-July, 2013) of medical practitioners in Zaria, Nigeria. The structured questionnaire sought the socio-demographic features of the respondents, the availability of emergency gate(s) in the house, education of safety measures within and outside the house, well-known located shut-off devices for gases, electricity, and water in the house, and written document/policy in the event of disaster. Also, planned orientations/drills/sensitizations, whether there is contact information of family members and supporting agencies. RESULTS Majority of the respondents were male 56 (80.0 percent) and fall within the age group of 46-50 years (20.0 percent). Only 8.6 percent admitted having an unwritten policy on emergency management in their houses. Similarly, only 8.6 percent do create time to teach their family members on emergency management. Only 27 (38.6 percent) had emergency supplies kits and among this group, water appears to be the most essential component that the respondents had paid attention to, leaving out special items. The communication plans of respondents to likely supportive services/agencies during disaster showed that majority had contact address or have affirmative plans for hospital and ambulance services than for radio and television stations. CONCLUSION Family emergency plans and preparedness among medical practitioners in Zaria are extremely low. There is a gap between knowledge of what need to be done to enhance preparedness and internalizing preparedness recommendations in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Godfrey Makama
- Department of Surgery, Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria; Centre for Disaster Risk Management and Development Studies, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Istifanus Anekoson Joshua
- Department of Community Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria; Centre for Disaster Risk Management and Development Studies, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth Jerry Makama
- Department of Nursing Services, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
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Joshua IA, Dangata YY, Audu O, Nmadu AG, Omole NV. HUMAN RIGHTS AND NIGERIAN PRISONERS--ARE PRISONERS NOT HUMANS? Med Law 2014; 33:11-20. [PMID: 27351045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In Nigeria, just like in many other parts of the world, one of the most extensively discussed issues on the public agenda today is the increase in prison population. The aims of imprisonment are protection, retribution, deterrence, reformation and vindication. Investigations revealed that the prison services have been,neglected more than any other criminal justice agency in Nigeria. For example, most of the prisons were built during the colonial era for the purpose of accommodating a small number of inmates. Human Rights are the basic guarantees for human beings to be able to achieve happiness and self-respect; consequently, in most jurisdictions, the Human Rights Act confirms that these Rights do not stop at the prison gates. However, most States fail to meet the Human Rights obligations of their prisoners. As regards to health, for example, every prison should have proper health facilities and medical staff to provide dental and psychiatric care among others. This article discusses the Nigerian Prison System and challenges, trends and the related Human Rights and Ethical issues in Nigerian prisons. Some of the unmet needs of Nigerian prisoners which include, inter alia, living in unwholesome cells, delayed trial of inmates, lack of voting rights, access to information, lack of conjugal facilities for married prisoners, poor and inadequate nutrition, poor medical care, torture, inhumane treatment and the need to protect prisoners in a changing world. The present report has policy implications for reforming prison services in Nigeria, and countries that sing from the same song sheet with Nigeria on prison services, to conform to the Fundamental Human Rights of prisoners in the 21St century.
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Joshua IA, Mohammed S, Makama JG, Joshua WI, Audu O, Nmadu AG, Ogboi JB. Hospital Waste Management as a Potential Hazard in Selected Primary Healthcare Centres in Zaria, Nigeria. Nig J Tech 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/njt.v33i2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Sabitu K, Iliyasu Z, Joshua IA. An assessment of knowledge of HIV/AIDS and associated risky behavior among inmates of Kaduna convict prison: the implications for Prevention Programmes in Nigerian Prisons. Niger J Med 2009; 18:52-58. [PMID: 19485149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prisoners worldwide have a significantly higher prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Despite this, little is known of inmates' knowledge, behaviour and access to services, especially in developing countries. This study assessed the characteristics, HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitude and associated risky behavior among inmates of a prison in northern Nigeria. METHODS A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was administered on a cross-section of 374 inmates of Kaduna convict prison in northern Nigeria. Information was elicited on their sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of HIV/AIDS, attitude and indulgence in risky behaviour. RESULTS About 96.1% of the inmates had heard about AIDS. Majority of them (70%) were ignorant of the causative agent; however, knowledge of route of disease transmission was high, with 91%, 67% and 46.7% of inmates mentioning sexual activity, unscreened blood transfusion and sharing unsterilized blades, respectively. They listed abstinence, faithfulness, use of condoms, new needles, syringes and blades as protective measures. Overall, 39.5%, 48.7% and 11.8% of the respondents had good, fair and poor knowledge of HIV/AIDS, respectively. Only 64 (14.9%) inmates reported having sexual intercourse in prison. These sexual encounters were homosexual in 56.2% of cases and heterosexual in 43.8% of cases. Only 28 (43.8%) of the sexually active inmates claimed to have used condoms regularly. Respectively, 72.3% and 70.8% of inmates shared barbing clippers and razor blades. There was a strong association between educational attainment and knowledge of HIV/AIDS (2 = 28.3 df = 6 P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Although more than two thirds of the inmates had adequate knowledge of HIV/AIDS, there were gaps, misconceptions and high-risk behaviour. Well-designed information, education an communication (IEC) programmes on AIDS should be developed for inmates of prisons nationwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sabitu
- Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.
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