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Almeida S, Ozkan S, Gonçalves D, Paulo I, Queirós CSGP, Ferreira O, Bordado J, Galhano dos Santos R. A Brief Evaluation of Antioxidants, Antistatics, and Plasticizers Additives from Natural Sources for Polymers Formulation. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010006. [PMID: 36616356 PMCID: PMC9823788 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The circular economy plays an important role in the preparation and recycling of polymers. Research groups in different fields, such as materials science, pharmaceutical and engineering, have focused on building sustainable polymers to minimize the release of toxic products. Recent studies focused on the circular economy have suggested developing new polymeric materials based on renewable and sustainable sources, such as using biomass waste to obtain raw materials to prepare new functional bio-additives. This review presents some of the main characteristics of common polymer additives, such as antioxidants, antistatic agents and plasticizers, and recent research in developing bio-alternatives. Examples of these alternatives include the use of polysaccharides from agro-industrial waste streams that can be used as antioxidants, and chitosan which can be used as an antistatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzete Almeida
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 5, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sila Ozkan
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 5, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diogo Gonçalves
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 5, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ivo Paulo
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 5, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla S. G. P. Queirós
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 5, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- CQE, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Olga Ferreira
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 5, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Bordado
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 5, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Galhano dos Santos
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 5, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Paulo I, Costa L, Rodrigues A, Orišková S, Matos S, Gonçalves D, Gonçalves AR, Silva L, Vieira S, Bordado JC, Galhano dos Santos R. Acid-Catalyzed Liquefaction of Biomasses from Poplar Clones for Short Rotation Coppice Cultivations. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27010304. [PMID: 35011536 PMCID: PMC8746395 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Liquefaction of biomass delivers a liquid bio-oil with relevant chemical and energetic applications. In this study we coupled it with short rotation coppice (SRC) intensively managed poplar cultivations aimed at biomass production while safeguarding environmental principles of soil quality and biodiversity. We carried out acid-catalyzed liquefaction, at 160 °C and atmospheric pressure, with eight poplar clones from SRC cultivations. The bio-oil yields were high, ranging between 70.7 and 81.5%. Average gains of bio-oil, by comparison of raw biomasses, in elementary carbon and hydrogen and high heating, were 25.6, 67, and 74%, respectively. Loss of oxygen and O/C ratios averaged 38 and 51%, respectively. Amounts of elementary carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen in bio-oil were 65, 26, and 8.7%, and HHV averaged 30.5 MJkg−1. Correlation analysis showed the interrelation between elementary carbon with HHV in bio-oil or with oxygen loss. Overall, from 55 correlations, 21 significant and high correlations among a set of 11 variables were found. Among the most relevant ones, the percentage of elementary carbon presented five significant correlations with the percentage of O (−0.980), percentage of C gain (0.902), percentage of O loss (0.973), HHV gain (0.917), and O/C loss (0.943). The amount of carbon is directly correlated with the amount of oxygen, conversely, the decrease in oxygen content increases the elementary carbon and hydrogen concentration, which leads to an improvement in HHV. HHV gain showed a strong positive dependence on the percentage of C (0.917) and percentage of C gain (0.943), while the elementary oxygen (−0.885) and its percentage of O loss (0.978) adversely affect the HHV gain. Consequently, the O/C loss (0.970) increases the HHV positively. van Krevelen’s analysis indicated that bio-oils are chemically compatible with liquid fossil fuels. FTIR-ATR evidenced the presence of derivatives of depolymerization of lignin and cellulose in raw biomasses in bio-oil. TGA/DTG confirmed the bio-oil burning aptitude by the high average 53% mass loss of volatiles associated with lowered peaking decomposition temperatures by 100 °C than raw biomasses. Overall, this research shows the potential of bio-oil from liquefaction of SRC biomasses for the contribution of renewable energy and chemical deliverables, and thereby, to a greener global economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Paulo
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.P.); (L.C.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (D.G.); (A.R.G.); (L.S.); (S.V.); (J.C.B.)
| | - Luis Costa
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.P.); (L.C.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (D.G.); (A.R.G.); (L.S.); (S.V.); (J.C.B.)
| | - Abel Rodrigues
- INIAV—Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Ministry of Agriculture, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal;
- IDMEC—Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia Orišková
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.P.); (L.C.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (D.G.); (A.R.G.); (L.S.); (S.V.); (J.C.B.)
| | - Sandro Matos
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.P.); (L.C.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (D.G.); (A.R.G.); (L.S.); (S.V.); (J.C.B.)
- WOODCHEM SA., Estrada das Moitas Altas, 2401-902 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Diogo Gonçalves
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.P.); (L.C.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (D.G.); (A.R.G.); (L.S.); (S.V.); (J.C.B.)
| | - Ana Raquel Gonçalves
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.P.); (L.C.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (D.G.); (A.R.G.); (L.S.); (S.V.); (J.C.B.)
| | - Luciana Silva
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.P.); (L.C.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (D.G.); (A.R.G.); (L.S.); (S.V.); (J.C.B.)
| | - Salomé Vieira
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.P.); (L.C.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (D.G.); (A.R.G.); (L.S.); (S.V.); (J.C.B.)
| | - João Carlos Bordado
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.P.); (L.C.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (D.G.); (A.R.G.); (L.S.); (S.V.); (J.C.B.)
| | - Rui Galhano dos Santos
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.P.); (L.C.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (D.G.); (A.R.G.); (L.S.); (S.V.); (J.C.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Querido MM, Paulo I, Hariharakrishnan S, Rocha D, Barbosa N, Galhano dos Santos R, Bordado JM, Teixeira JP, Pereira CC. Self-Disinfecting Paints with the Natural Antimicrobial Substances: Colophony and Curcumin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111351. [PMID: 34827290 PMCID: PMC8615116 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of infection arising from indirect sources-namely, contaminated surfaces-has been proved, particularly in healthcare facilities. In the attempt to minimize this problem, innumerable research projects involving the development of surfaces with self-disinfecting properties are being conducted. In this work, wall-paints with self-disinfecting properties were developed with the scope of being applied in environments prone to contamination, such as those at healthcare settings. Our approach was to develop new paint formulations containing two natural plant-based products with known antimicrobial activity-colophony (CLF) and curcumin (CUR). The natural substances were separately incorporated on a commercial paint and their antibacterial activity was evaluated with several bacterial species following ISO 22196. To assess the paints' safety, cytotoxicity tests were performed on HaCaT and A549 cell lines, using tests on extracts and direct contact tests, as suggested by the standardized protocol ISO 10993. In general, both paints containing CLF and CUR were able to reduce the bacterial growth after 24 h, compared with the control, the commercial unmodified paint. Colophony was even able to reduce the number of culturable bacteria by over 2 log for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus. Regarding the cytotoxicity tests performed (WST-1, NRU, and LDH), both formulations revealed promising results regardless of the methodology used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Machado Querido
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.Q.); (C.C.P.)
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivo Paulo
- CERENA—Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.P.); (S.H.); (R.G.d.S.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Sriram Hariharakrishnan
- CERENA—Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.P.); (S.H.); (R.G.d.S.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Daniel Rocha
- Barbot—Indústria de Tintas, S.A., 4410-295 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal; (D.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Nuno Barbosa
- Barbot—Indústria de Tintas, S.A., 4410-295 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal; (D.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Rui Galhano dos Santos
- CERENA—Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.P.); (S.H.); (R.G.d.S.); (J.M.B.)
| | - João Moura Bordado
- CERENA—Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.P.); (S.H.); (R.G.d.S.); (J.M.B.)
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.Q.); (C.C.P.)
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristiana Costa Pereira
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.Q.); (C.C.P.)
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
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Rocha A, Teixeira A, Ferrador A, Paulo I, Carvalho I, Reis L, Contreiras B. [Menopause: a psychosocial problem? The S. Vicente de Paulo School of Nursing. A general nursing course, 4th area of training]. Servir 1988; 36:133-44. [PMID: 3138760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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