1
|
Querido MM, Paulo I, Hariharakrishnan S, Rocha D, Barbosa N, Galhano dos Santos R, Bordado JM, Teixeira JP, Pereira CC. Self-Disinfecting Paints with the Natural Antimicrobial Substances: Colophony and Curcumin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111351. [PMID: 34827290 PMCID: PMC8615116 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of infection arising from indirect sources-namely, contaminated surfaces-has been proved, particularly in healthcare facilities. In the attempt to minimize this problem, innumerable research projects involving the development of surfaces with self-disinfecting properties are being conducted. In this work, wall-paints with self-disinfecting properties were developed with the scope of being applied in environments prone to contamination, such as those at healthcare settings. Our approach was to develop new paint formulations containing two natural plant-based products with known antimicrobial activity-colophony (CLF) and curcumin (CUR). The natural substances were separately incorporated on a commercial paint and their antibacterial activity was evaluated with several bacterial species following ISO 22196. To assess the paints' safety, cytotoxicity tests were performed on HaCaT and A549 cell lines, using tests on extracts and direct contact tests, as suggested by the standardized protocol ISO 10993. In general, both paints containing CLF and CUR were able to reduce the bacterial growth after 24 h, compared with the control, the commercial unmodified paint. Colophony was even able to reduce the number of culturable bacteria by over 2 log for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus. Regarding the cytotoxicity tests performed (WST-1, NRU, and LDH), both formulations revealed promising results regardless of the methodology used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Machado Querido
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.Q.); (C.C.P.)
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivo Paulo
- CERENA—Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.P.); (S.H.); (R.G.d.S.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Sriram Hariharakrishnan
- CERENA—Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.P.); (S.H.); (R.G.d.S.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Daniel Rocha
- Barbot—Indústria de Tintas, S.A., 4410-295 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal; (D.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Nuno Barbosa
- Barbot—Indústria de Tintas, S.A., 4410-295 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal; (D.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Rui Galhano dos Santos
- CERENA—Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.P.); (S.H.); (R.G.d.S.); (J.M.B.)
| | - João Moura Bordado
- CERENA—Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.P.); (S.H.); (R.G.d.S.); (J.M.B.)
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.Q.); (C.C.P.)
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristiana Costa Pereira
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.Q.); (C.C.P.)
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ramachandran RG, Hariharakrishnan S, Fortunato R, Abramowitch SD, Maiti S, Velankar SS. Necking and drawing of rubber-plastic bilayer laminates. Soft Matter 2018; 14:4977-4986. [PMID: 29855018 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00684a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We examine the stretching behavior of rubber-plastic composites composed of a layer of styrene-ethylene/propylene-styrene (SEPS) rubber, bonded to a layer of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) plastic. Dog-bone shaped samples of rubber, plastic, and rubber-plastic bilayers with rubber : plastic thickness ratio in the range of 1.2-9 were subjected to uniaxial tension tests. The degree of inhomogeneity of deformation was quantified by digital image correlation analysis of video recordings of these tests. In tension, the SEPS layer showed homogeneous deformation, whereas the LLDPE layer showed necking followed by stable drawing owing to its elastoplastic deformation behavior and post-yield strain hardening. Bilayer laminates showed behavior intermediate between the plastic and the rubber, with the degree of necking and drawing reducing as the rubber : plastic ratio increased. A simple model was developed in which the force in the bilayer was taken as the sum of forces in the plastic and the rubber layers measured independently. By applying a mechanical energy balance to this model, the changes in bilayer necking behavior with rubber thickness could be predicted qualitatively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul G Ramachandran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|