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de Las Fuentes L, Sung YJ, Sitlani CM, Avery CL, Bartz TM, Keyser CD, Evans DS, Li X, Musani SK, Ruiter R, Smith AV, Sun F, Trompet S, Xu H, Arnett DK, Bis JC, Broeckel U, Busch EL, Chen YDI, Correa A, Cummings SR, Floyd JS, Ford I, Guo X, Harris TB, Ikram MA, Lange L, Launer LJ, Reiner AP, Schwander K, Smith NL, Sotoodehnia N, Stewart JD, Stott DJ, Stürmer T, Taylor KD, Uitterlinden A, Vasan RS, Wiggins KL, Cupples LA, Gudnason V, Heckbert SR, Jukema JW, Liu Y, Psaty BM, Rao DC, Rotter JI, Stricker B, Wilson JG, Whitsel EA. Genome-wide meta-analysis of variant-by-diuretic interactions as modulators of lipid traits in persons of European and African ancestry. Pharmacogenomics J 2019; 20:482-493. [PMID: 31806883 PMCID: PMC7260079 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-019-0132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Metabolic abnormalities, including adverse cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) profiles, are frequent comorbid findings with HTN and contribute to cardiovascular disease. Diuretics, which are used to treat HTN and heart failure, have been associated with worsening of fasting lipid concentrations. Genome-wide meta-analyses with 39,710 European-ancestry (EA) individuals and 9,925 African-ancestry (AA) individuals were performed to identify genetic variants that modify the effect of loop or thiazide diuretic use on blood lipid concentrations. Both longitudinal and cross-sectional data were used to compute cohort-specific interaction results, which were then combined through meta-analysis in each ancestry. These ancestry-specific results were further combined through trans-ancestry meta-analysis. Analysis of EA data identified two genome-wide significant (p < 5×10−8) loci with single nucleotide variant (SNV)-loop diuretic interaction on TG concentrations (including COL11A1). Analysis of AA data identified one genome-wide significant locus adjacent to BMP2 with SNV-loop diuretic interaction on TG concentrations. Trans-ancestry analysis strengthened evidence of association for SNV-loop diuretic interaction at two loci (KIAA1217 and BAALC). There were few significant SNV-thiazide diuretic interaction associations on TG concentrations and for either diuretic on cholesterol concentrations. Several promising loci were identified that may implicate biologic pathways that contribute to adverse metabolic side effects from diuretic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L de Las Fuentes
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Y J Sung
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - C M Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C L Avery
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - T M Bartz
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C de Keyser
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D S Evans
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - X Li
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - S K Musani
- Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - R Ruiter
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - F Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D K Arnett
- Dean's Office, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - J C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - U Broeckel
- Section of Genomic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - E L Busch
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y-D I Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - A Correa
- Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - S R Cummings
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J S Floyd
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - I Ford
- Robertson Center for biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - X Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - T B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M A Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - L J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A P Reiner
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K Schwander
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - N L Smith
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center (ERIC), VA Cooperative Studies Program, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - N Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J D Stewart
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D J Stott
- Institute of cardiovascular and medical sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - T Stürmer
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Center for Pharmacoepidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - A Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R S Vasan
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K L Wiggins
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L A Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - V Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - S R Heckbert
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J W Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Y Liu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University, Winston-, Salem, NC, USA
| | - B M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Epidemiology, Medicine, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - J I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - B Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J G Wilson
- Biophysics and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - E A Whitsel
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Seyerle AA, Sitlani CM, Noordam R, Gogarten SM, Li J, Li X, Evans DS, Sun F, Laaksonen MA, Isaacs A, Kristiansson K, Highland HM, Stewart JD, Harris TB, Trompet S, Bis JC, Peloso GM, Brody JA, Broer L, Busch EL, Duan Q, Stilp AM, O'Donnell CJ, Macfarlane PW, Floyd JS, Kors JA, Lin HJ, Li-Gao R, Sofer T, Méndez-Giráldez R, Cummings SR, Heckbert SR, Hofman A, Ford I, Li Y, Launer LJ, Porthan K, Newton-Cheh C, Napier MD, Kerr KF, Reiner AP, Rice KM, Roach J, Buckley BM, Soliman EZ, de Mutsert R, Sotoodehnia N, Uitterlinden AG, North KE, Lee CR, Gudnason V, Stürmer T, Rosendaal FR, Taylor KD, Wiggins KL, Wilson JG, Chen YD, Kaplan RC, Wilhelmsen K, Cupples LA, Salomaa V, van Duijn C, Jukema JW, Liu Y, Mook-Kanamori DO, Lange LA, Vasan RS, Smith AV, Stricker BH, Laurie CC, Rotter JI, Whitsel EA, Psaty BM, Avery CL. Pharmacogenomics study of thiazide diuretics and QT interval in multi-ethnic populations: the cohorts for heart and aging research in genomic epidemiology. Pharmacogenomics J 2018; 18:215-226. [PMID: 28719597 PMCID: PMC5773415 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2017.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Thiazide diuretics, commonly used antihypertensives, may cause QT interval (QT) prolongation, a risk factor for highly fatal and difficult to predict ventricular arrhythmias. We examined whether common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) modified the association between thiazide use and QT or its component parts (QRS interval, JT interval) by performing ancestry-specific, trans-ethnic and cross-phenotype genome-wide analyses of European (66%), African American (15%) and Hispanic (19%) populations (N=78 199), leveraging longitudinal data, incorporating corrected standard errors to account for underestimation of interaction estimate variances and evaluating evidence for pathway enrichment. Although no loci achieved genome-wide significance (P<5 × 10-8), we found suggestive evidence (P<5 × 10-6) for SNPs modifying the thiazide-QT association at 22 loci, including ion transport loci (for example, NELL1, KCNQ3). The biologic plausibility of our suggestive results and simulations demonstrating modest power to detect interaction effects at genome-wide significant levels indicate that larger studies and innovative statistical methods are warranted in future efforts evaluating thiazide-SNP interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Seyerle
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - C M Sitlani
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Noordam
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S M Gogarten
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - X Li
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - D S Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - F Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M A Laaksonen
- Department of Health, THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Isaacs
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - K Kristiansson
- Department of Health, THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J D Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - T B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Trompet
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J C Bis
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - G M Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J A Brody
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L Broer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E L Busch
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Q Duan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A M Stilp
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C J O'Donnell
- Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Cardiology Section, Boston Veterans Administration Healthcare, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P W Macfarlane
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J S Floyd
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J A Kors
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H J Lin
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - R Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - T Sofer
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Méndez-Giráldez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S R Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S R Heckbert
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Ford
- Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Y Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K Porthan
- Division of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Newton-Cheh
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M D Napier
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K F Kerr
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K M Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Roach
- Research Computing Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - B M Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - E Z Soliman
- Epidemiology Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - R de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - N Sotoodehnia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - C R Lee
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - V Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - T Stürmer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - F R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - K L Wiggins
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Y-Di Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - R C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - K Wilhelmsen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Renaissance Computing Institute, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L A Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - V Salomaa
- Department of Health, THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J W Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - D O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of BESC, Epidemiology Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - L A Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R S Vasan
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - B H Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C C Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - E A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - B M Psaty
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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3
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Beecham GW, Bis JC, Martin ER, Choi SH, DeStefano AL, van Duijn CM, Fornage M, Gabriel SB, Koboldt DC, Larson DE, Naj AC, Psaty BM, Salerno W, Bush WS, Foroud TM, Wijsman E, Farrer LA, Goate A, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA, Boerwinkle E, Mayeux R, Seshadri S, Schellenberg G. The Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project: Study design and sample selection. Neurol Genet 2017; 3:e194. [PMID: 29184913 PMCID: PMC5646177 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary W Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - J C Bis
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - E R Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - S-H Choi
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - A L DeStefano
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - C M van Duijn
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - M Fornage
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - S B Gabriel
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - D C Koboldt
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - D E Larson
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - A C Naj
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - B M Psaty
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - W Salerno
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - W S Bush
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - T M Foroud
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - E Wijsman
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - L A Farrer
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - A Goate
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - J L Haines
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - E Boerwinkle
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - R Mayeux
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - S Seshadri
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - G Schellenberg
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
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4
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Ibrahim-Verbaas CA, Bressler J, Debette S, Schuur M, Smith AV, Bis JC, Davies G, Trompet S, Smith JA, Wolf C, Chibnik LB, Liu Y, Vitart V, Kirin M, Petrovic K, Polasek O, Zgaga L, Fawns-Ritchie C, Hoffmann P, Karjalainen J, Lahti J, Llewellyn DJ, Schmidt CO, Mather KA, Chouraki V, Sun Q, Resnick SM, Rose LM, Oldmeadow C, Stewart M, Smith BH, Gudnason V, Yang Q, Mirza SS, Jukema JW, deJager PL, Harris TB, Liewald DC, Amin N, Coker LH, Stegle O, Lopez OL, Schmidt R, Teumer A, Ford I, Karbalai N, Becker JT, Jonsdottir MK, Au R, Fehrmann RSN, Herms S, Nalls M, Zhao W, Turner ST, Yaffe K, Lohman K, van Swieten JC, Kardia SLR, Knopman DS, Meeks WM, Heiss G, Holliday EG, Schofield PW, Tanaka T, Stott DJ, Wang J, Ridker P, Gow AJ, Pattie A, Starr JM, Hocking LJ, Armstrong NJ, McLachlan S, Shulman JM, Pilling LC, Eiriksdottir G, Scott RJ, Kochan NA, Palotie A, Hsieh YC, Eriksson JG, Penman A, Gottesman RF, Oostra BA, Yu L, DeStefano AL, Beiser A, Garcia M, Rotter JI, Nöthen MM, Hofman A, Slagboom PE, Westendorp RGJ, Buckley BM, Wolf PA, Uitterlinden AG, Psaty BM, Grabe HJ, Bandinelli S, Chasman DI, Grodstein F, Räikkönen K, Lambert JC, Porteous DJ, Price JF, Sachdev PS, Ferrucci L, Attia JR, Rudan I, Hayward C, Wright AF, Wilson JF, Cichon S, Franke L, Schmidt H, Ding J, de Craen AJM, Fornage M, Bennett DA, Deary IJ, Ikram MA, Launer LJ, Fitzpatrick AL, Seshadri S, van Duijn CM, Mosley TH. GWAS for executive function and processing speed suggests involvement of the CADM2 gene. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:189-197. [PMID: 25869804 PMCID: PMC4722802 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To identify common variants contributing to normal variation in two specific domains of cognitive functioning, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of executive functioning and information processing speed in non-demented older adults from the CHARGE (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology) consortium. Neuropsychological testing was available for 5429-32,070 subjects of European ancestry aged 45 years or older, free of dementia and clinical stroke at the time of cognitive testing from 20 cohorts in the discovery phase. We analyzed performance on the Trail Making Test parts A and B, the Letter Digit Substitution Test (LDST), the Digit Symbol Substitution Task (DSST), semantic and phonemic fluency tests, and the Stroop Color and Word Test. Replication was sought in 1311-21860 subjects from 20 independent cohorts. A significant association was observed in the discovery cohorts for the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17518584 (discovery P-value=3.12 × 10(-8)) and in the joint discovery and replication meta-analysis (P-value=3.28 × 10(-9) after adjustment for age, gender and education) in an intron of the gene cell adhesion molecule 2 (CADM2) for performance on the LDST/DSST. Rs17518584 is located about 170 kb upstream of the transcription start site of the major transcript for the CADM2 gene, but is within an intron of a variant transcript that includes an alternative first exon. The variant is associated with expression of CADM2 in the cingulate cortex (P-value=4 × 10(-4)). The protein encoded by CADM2 is involved in glutamate signaling (P-value=7.22 × 10(-15)), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport (P-value=1.36 × 10(-11)) and neuron cell-cell adhesion (P-value=1.48 × 10(-13)). Our findings suggest that genetic variation in the CADM2 gene is associated with individual differences in information processing speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- CA Ibrahim-Verbaas
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - J Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of
Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA,Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - S Debette
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA, USA,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche
Médicale (INSERM), U897, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Bordeaux,
Bordeaux, France,Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux,
France,Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - M Schuur
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - AV Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik,
Iceland,Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - JC Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - G Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - S Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center,
Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University
Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - JA Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
MI, USA
| | - C Wolf
- RG Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry,
Munich, Germany
| | - LB Chibnik
- Program in Translational Neuropsychiatric Genomics, Department
of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - V Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Kirin
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Petrovic
- Department of Neurology, Medical University and General
Hospital of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - O Polasek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split, Split,
Croatia
| | - L Zgaga
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College
Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Fawns-Ritchie
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P Hoffmann
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM -1), Research
Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine,
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Research Center,
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Karjalainen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen,
University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki,
Helsinki, Finland,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - DJ Llewellyn
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of
Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - CO Schmidt
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine
Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - KA Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW
Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - V Chouraki
- Inserm, U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université
Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Q Sun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - SM Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on
Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - LM Rose
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Oldmeadow
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health,
University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - M Stewart
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - BH Smith
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee,
UK
| | - V Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik,
Iceland
| | - Q Yang
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart
Study, Framingham, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - SS Mirza
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The
Netherlands
| | - JW Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center,
Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - PL deJager
- Program in Translational Neuropsychiatric Genomics, Department
of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - TB Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National
Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - DC Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
UK
| | - N Amin
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - LH Coker
- Division of Public Health Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest
School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - O Stegle
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max Planck
Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany
| | - OL Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
PA, USA
| | - R Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University and General
Hospital of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Teumer
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics,
University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - I Ford
- Robertson Center for biostatistics, University of Glasgow,
Glasgow, UK
| | - N Karbalai
- RG Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry,
Munich, Germany
| | - JT Becker
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
PA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
PA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
PA, USA
| | | | - R Au
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA, USA,The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart
Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - RSN Fehrmann
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen,
University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Herms
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine,
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Research Center,
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - W Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
MI, USA
| | - ST Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal
Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - K Yaffe
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Epidemiology,
University of California, San Francisco and San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco,
CA, USA
| | - K Lohman
- Department of Epidemiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - JC van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - SLR Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
MI, USA
| | - DS Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - WM Meeks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of
Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - G Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public
Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - EG Holliday
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health,
University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - PW Schofield
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health,
University of Newcastle, Newcastle, SW, Australia
| | - T Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - DJ Stott
- Department of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Boston, MA, USA
| | - AJ Gow
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
UK
| | - A Pattie
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - JM Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Alzheimer Scotland Research Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - LJ Hocking
- Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen,
UK
| | - NJ Armstrong
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW
Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research,
Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Mathematics & Statistics and Prince of Wales
Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S McLachlan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - JM Shulman
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston,
TX, USA,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, The Jan and Dan
Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - LC Pilling
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter
Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | | | - RJ Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health,
University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - NA Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW
Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital,
Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Palotie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus,
Cambridge, UK,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of
Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and
University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Y-C Hsieh
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | - JG Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland,Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care,
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki,
Finland,Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice,
Helsinki, Finland,Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland
| | - A Penman
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of
Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - RF Gottesman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - BA Oostra
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - AL DeStefano
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA, USA,The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart
Study, Framingham, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Beiser
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA, USA,The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart
Study, Framingham, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National
Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - JI Rotter
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los
Angeles, CA, USA,Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences,
Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA,
USA,Division of Genetic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics,
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - MM Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Research Center,
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn,
Germany
| | - A Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The
Netherlands
| | - PE Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical
Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - RGJ Westendorp
- Leiden Academy of Vitality and Ageing, Leiden, The
Netherlands
| | - BM Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College
Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - PA Wolf
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA, USA,The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart
Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - AG Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The
Netherlands,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical
Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - BM Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle,
WA, USA,Department of Health Services, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA,Group Health Research Institute, Group Health, Seattle, WA,
USA
| | - HJ Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine
Greifswald, HELIOS-Hospital Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
| | - S Bandinelli
- Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - DI Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Grodstein
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki,
Helsinki, Finland
| | - J-C Lambert
- Inserm, U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université
Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - DJ Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of
Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - JF Price
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - PS Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW
Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital,
Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - L Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - JR Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health,
University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - I Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - AF Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - JF Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Cichon
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine,
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Research Center,
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center
Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - L Franke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen,
University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University and General
Hospital of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - J Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School
of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - AJM de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University
Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Fornage
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center,
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - DA Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - IJ Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
UK
| | - MA Ikram
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The
Netherlands,Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - LJ Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National
Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - AL Fitzpatrick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle,
WA, USA
| | - S Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA, USA,The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart
Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - CM van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The
Netherlands
| | - TH Mosley
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, University of Mississippi
Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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5
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Davies G, Armstrong N, Bis JC, Bressler J, Chouraki V, Giddaluru S, Hofer E, Ibrahim-Verbaas CA, Kirin M, Lahti J, van der Lee SJ, Le Hellard S, Liu T, Marioni RE, Oldmeadow C, Postmus I, Smith AV, Smith JA, Thalamuthu A, Thomson R, Vitart V, Wang J, Yu L, Zgaga L, Zhao W, Boxall R, Harris SE, Hill WD, Liewald DC, Luciano M, Adams H, Ames D, Amin N, Amouyel P, Assareh AA, Au R, Becker JT, Beiser A, Berr C, Bertram L, Boerwinkle E, Buckley BM, Campbell H, Corley J, De Jager PL, Dufouil C, Eriksson JG, Espeseth T, Faul JD, Ford I, Scotland G, Gottesman RF, Griswold ME, Gudnason V, Harris TB, Heiss G, Hofman A, Holliday EG, Huffman J, Kardia SLR, Kochan N, Knopman DS, Kwok JB, Lambert JC, Lee T, Li G, Li SC, Loitfelder M, Lopez OL, Lundervold AJ, Lundqvist A, Mather KA, Mirza SS, Nyberg L, Oostra BA, Palotie A, Papenberg G, Pattie A, Petrovic K, Polasek O, Psaty BM, Redmond P, Reppermund S, Rotter JI, Schmidt H, Schuur M, Schofield PW, Scott RJ, Steen VM, Stott DJ, van Swieten JC, Taylor KD, Trollor J, Trompet S, Uitterlinden AG, Weinstein G, Widen E, Windham BG, Jukema JW, Wright AF, Wright MJ, Yang Q, Amieva H, Attia JR, Bennett DA, Brodaty H, de Craen AJM, Hayward C, Ikram MA, Lindenberger U, Nilsson LG, Porteous DJ, Räikkönen K, Reinvang I, Rudan I, Sachdev PS, Schmidt R, Schofield PR, Srikanth V, Starr JM, Turner ST, Weir DR, Wilson JF, van Duijn C, Launer L, Fitzpatrick AL, Seshadri S, Mosley TH, Deary IJ. Genetic contributions to variation in general cognitive function: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in the CHARGE consortium (N=53949). Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:183-92. [PMID: 25644384 PMCID: PMC4356746 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
General cognitive function is substantially heritable across the human life course from adolescence to old age. We investigated the genetic contribution to variation in this important, health- and well-being-related trait in middle-aged and older adults. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of 31 cohorts (N=53,949) in which the participants had undertaken multiple, diverse cognitive tests. A general cognitive function phenotype was tested for, and created in each cohort by principal component analysis. We report 13 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations in three genomic regions, 6q16.1, 14q12 and 19q13.32 (best SNP and closest gene, respectively: rs10457441, P=3.93 × 10(-9), MIR2113; rs17522122, P=2.55 × 10(-8), AKAP6; rs10119, P=5.67 × 10(-9), APOE/TOMM40). We report one gene-based significant association with the HMGN1 gene located on chromosome 21 (P=1 × 10(-6)). These genes have previously been associated with neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Meta-analysis results are consistent with a polygenic model of inheritance. To estimate SNP-based heritability, the genome-wide complex trait analysis procedure was applied to two large cohorts, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (N=6617) and the Health and Retirement Study (N=5976). The proportion of phenotypic variation accounted for by all genotyped common SNPs was 29% (s.e.=5%) and 28% (s.e.=7%), respectively. Using polygenic prediction analysis, ~1.2% of the variance in general cognitive function was predicted in the Generation Scotland cohort (N=5487; P=1.5 × 10(-17)). In hypothesis-driven tests, there was significant association between general cognitive function and four genes previously associated with Alzheimer's disease: TOMM40, APOE, ABCG1 and MEF2C.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N Armstrong
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - V Chouraki
- Inserm-UMR744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Lille, France,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Giddaluru
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research and the Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - E Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - C A Ibrahim-Verbaas
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Kirin
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S J van der Lee
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Le Hellard
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research and the Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - T Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - R E Marioni
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - C Oldmeadow
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - I Postmus
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland,University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - J A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Thomson
- Menzies Research Institute, Hobart, Tasmania
| | - V Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Wang
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L Zgaga
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - W Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R Boxall
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - W D Hill
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D C Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Luciano
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St George's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Kew, Australia
| | - N Amin
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Amouyel
- Inserm-UMR744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Lille, France
| | - A A Assareh
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Au
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - J T Becker
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A Beiser
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - C Berr
- Inserm, U106, Montpellier, France,Université Montpellier I, Montpellier, France
| | - L Bertram
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany,Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - E Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA,Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B M Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - H Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Corley
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P L De Jager
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - C Dufouil
- Inserm U708, Neuroepidemiology, Paris, France,Inserm U897, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France
| | - J G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland,Department of General Practice and Primary health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Espeseth
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Norwegian Centre For Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - I Ford
- Robertson Center for Biostatistics, Glasgow, UK
| | - Generation Scotland
- Generation Scotland, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R F Gottesman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M E Griswold
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - V Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland,University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - T B Harris
- Intramural Research Program National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - G Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E G Holliday
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - J Huffman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - N Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J B Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J-C Lambert
- Inserm-UMR744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Lille, France
| | - T Lee
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G Li
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S-C Li
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany,Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Loitfelder
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - O L Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Kavli Research Centre for Aging and Dementia, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - A Lundqvist
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - K A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S S Mirza
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - B A Oostra
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Palotie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Papenberg
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany,Karolinska Institutet, Aging Research Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Pattie
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Petrovic
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - O Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - B M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Deparment of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Deparment of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P Redmond
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Division of Genetic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - M Schuur
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P W Schofield
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - R J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - V M Steen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research and the Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - D J Stott
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J C van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Trompet
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Weinstein
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - E Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - B G Windham
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - J W Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A F Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M J Wright
- Neuroimaging Genetics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Q Yang
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Amieva
- Inserm U897, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France
| | - J R Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - D A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - H Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A J M de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M A Ikram
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - U Lindenberger
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - L-G Nilsson
- ARC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm and UFBI, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - D J Porteous
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK,Generation Scotland, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - I Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - P R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - V Srikanth
- Menzies Research Institute, Hobart, Tasmania,Stroke and Ageing Research, Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J F Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L Launer
- Intramural Research Program National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A L Fitzpatrick
- Deparment of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - T H Mosley
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - I J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, Scotland, UK. E-mail:
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6
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Chouraki V, De Bruijn RFAG, Chapuis J, Bis JC, Reitz C, Schraen S, Ibrahim-Verbaas CA, Grenier-Boley B, Delay C, Rogers R, Demiautte F, Mounier A, Fitzpatrick AL, Berr C, Dartigues JF, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Breteler M, Becker JT, Lathrop M, Schupf N, Alpérovitch A, Mayeux R, van Duijn CM, Buée L, Amouyel P, Lopez OL, Ikram MA, Tzourio C, Lambert JC. A genome-wide association meta-analysis of plasma Aβ peptides concentrations in the elderly. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:1326-35. [PMID: 24535457 PMCID: PMC4418478 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides are the major components of senile plaques, one of the main pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer disease (AD). However, Aβ peptides' functions are not fully understood and seem to be highly pleiotropic. We hypothesized that plasma Aβ peptides concentrations could be a suitable endophenotype for a genome-wide association study (GWAS) designed to (i) identify novel genetic factors involved in amyloid precursor protein metabolism and (ii) highlight relevant Aβ-related physiological and pathophysiological processes. Hence, we performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis of four studies totaling 3 528 healthy individuals of European descent and for whom plasma Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 peptides levels had been quantified. Although we did not observe any genome-wide significant locus, we identified 18 suggestive loci (P<1 × 10(-)(5)). Enrichment-pathway analyses revealed canonical pathways mainly involved in neuronal functions, for example, axonal guidance signaling. We also assessed the biological impact of the gene most strongly associated with plasma Aβ1-42 levels (cortexin 3, CTXN3) on APP metabolism in vitro and found that the gene protein was able to modulate Aβ1-42 secretion. In conclusion, our study results suggest that plasma Aβ peptides levels are valid endophenotypes in GWASs and can be used to characterize the metabolism and functions of APP and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Chouraki
- INSERM U744, Lille, France,Institut pasteur de Lille, Lille, France,Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - RFAG De Bruijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden, The
Netherlands
| | - J Chapuis
- INSERM U744, Lille, France,Institut pasteur de Lille, Lille, France,Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - JC Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Resarch Unit and Department of Medicine,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C Reitz
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and
the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York,
NY, USA,The Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons,
Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Schraen
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France,Inserm U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Lille,
France,Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille,
France
| | - CA Ibrahim-Verbaas
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Grenier-Boley
- INSERM U744, Lille, France,Institut pasteur de Lille, Lille, France,Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - C Delay
- INSERM U744, Lille, France,Institut pasteur de Lille, Lille, France,Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - R Rogers
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and
the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - F Demiautte
- INSERM U744, Lille, France,Institut pasteur de Lille, Lille, France,Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - A Mounier
- INSERM U744, Lille, France,Institut pasteur de Lille, Lille, France,Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - AL Fitzpatrick
- Cardiovascular Health Resarch Unit and Department of Medicine,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - C Berr
- INSERM U888, Hôpital La Colombière, Montpellier,
France
| | - J-F Dartigues
- INSERM U593, Victor Segalen University, Bordeaux, France
| | - AG Uitterlinden
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden, The
Netherlands,Department of Internal medicine, Leiden, Erasmus MC University
Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden, The
Netherlands
| | - M Breteler
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn,
Germany
| | - JT Becker
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Departments of
Neurology, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,
Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M Lathrop
- Fondation Jean Dausset—Centre d’Etude du
Polymorphisme Humain, Paris, France,Centre National de Genotypage, Institut Genomique, Commissariat
à l’énergie Atomique, Evry, France
| | - N Schupf
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York,
NY, USA
| | | | - R Mayeux
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and
the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,The Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons,
Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - CM van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden, The
Netherlands
| | - L Buée
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France,Inserm U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Lille,
France,Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille,
France
| | - P Amouyel
- INSERM U744, Lille, France,Institut pasteur de Lille, Lille, France,Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille,
France
| | - OL Lopez
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Departments of
Neurology, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,
Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - MA Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden, The
Netherlands,Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Tzourio
- INSERM U593, Victor Segalen University, Bordeaux, France,INSERM U708, Paris, France
| | - J-C Lambert
- INSERM U744, Lille, France,Institut pasteur de Lille, Lille, France,Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
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7
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Li M, Luo XJ, Rietschel M, Lewis CM, Mattheisen M, Müller-Myhsok B, Jamain S, Leboyer M, Landén M, Thompson PM, Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Schulze TG, Sullivan PF, Bergen SE, Donohoe G, Morris DW, Hargreaves A, Gill M, Corvin A, Hultman C, Toga AW, Shi L, Lin Q, Shi H, Gan L, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Czamara D, Henry C, Etain B, Bis JC, Ikram MA, Fornage M, Debette S, Launer LJ, Seshadri S, Erk S, Walter H, Heinz A, Bellivier F, Stein JL, Medland SE, Arias Vasquez A, Hibar DP, Franke B, Martin NG, Wright MJ, Su B. Allelic differences between Europeans and Chinese for CREB1 SNPs and their implications in gene expression regulation, hippocampal structure and function, and bipolar disorder susceptibility. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:452-61. [PMID: 23568192 PMCID: PMC3937299 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a polygenic disorder that shares substantial genetic risk factors with major depressive disorder (MDD). Genetic analyses have reported numerous BD susceptibility genes, while some variants, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CACNA1C have been successfully replicated, many others have not and subsequently their effects on the intermediate phenotypes cannot be verified. Here, we studied the MDD-related gene CREB1 in a set of independent BD sample groups of European ancestry (a total of 64,888 subjects) and identified multiple SNPs significantly associated with BD (the most significant being SNP rs6785[A], P=6.32 × 10(-5), odds ratio (OR)=1.090). Risk SNPs were then subjected to further analyses in healthy Europeans for intermediate phenotypes of BD, including hippocampal volume, hippocampal function and cognitive performance. Our results showed that the risk SNPs were significantly associated with hippocampal volume and hippocampal function, with the risk alleles showing a decreased hippocampal volume and diminished activation of the left hippocampus, adding further evidence for their involvement in BD susceptibility. We also found the risk SNPs were strongly associated with CREB1 expression in lymphoblastoid cells (P<0.005) and the prefrontal cortex (P<1.0 × 10(-6)). Remarkably, population genetic analysis indicated that CREB1 displayed striking differences in allele frequencies between continental populations, and the risk alleles were completely absent in East Asian populations. We demonstrated that the regional prevalence of the CREB1 risk alleles in Europeans is likely caused by genetic hitchhiking due to natural selection acting on a nearby gene. Our results suggest that differential population histories due to natural selection on regional populations may lead to genetic heterogeneity of susceptibility to complex diseases, such as BD, and explain inconsistencies in detecting the genetic markers of these diseases among different ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Li
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X-J Luo
- University of Rochester Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - M Rietschel
- 1] Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany [2] Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C M Lewis
- MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Mattheisen
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - S Jamain
- 1] Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France [2] Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
| | - M Leboyer
- 1] Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France [2] Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France [3] Pôle de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Créteil, France [4] Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
| | - M Landén
- 1] Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden [2] Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Cichon
- 1] Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany [2] Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M M Nöthen
- 1] Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany [2] German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - T G Schulze
- 1] Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany [2] Section on Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - P F Sullivan
- Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S E Bergen
- 1] Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA [2] Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G Donohoe
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D W Morris
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Hargreaves
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A W Toga
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - L Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Q Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - H Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - L Gan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - A Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - D Czamara
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - C Henry
- 1] Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France [2] Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France [3] Pôle de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Créteil, France [4] Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
| | - B Etain
- 1] Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France [2] Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France [3] Pôle de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - J C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M A Ikram
- 1] Department of Radiology and Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] The Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Debette
- 1] Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA [2] Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U708, Neuroepidemiology, Paris, France [3] Department of Epidemiology, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris, France
| | - L J Launer
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Seshadri
- 1] Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA [2] The National, Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - S Erk
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany [2] Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Walter
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany [2] Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany [3] Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Bellivier
- 1] Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France [2] Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France [3] AP-HP, Hôpital St-Louis-Lariboisière-F Widal, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Paris, France [4] Faculté de Médecine, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - J L Stein
- 1] Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA [2] Neurogenetics Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S E Medland
- 1] Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia [2] Quantitative Genetics Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia [3] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Arias Vasquez
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands [2] Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - D P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B Franke
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands [2] Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M J Wright
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - B Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Avery CL, Sitlani CM, Arking DE, Arnett DK, Bis JC, Boerwinkle E, Buckley BM, Ida Chen YD, de Craen AJM, Eijgelsheim M, Enquobahrie D, Evans DS, Ford I, Garcia ME, Gudnason V, Harris TB, Heckbert SR, Hochner H, Hofman A, Hsueh WC, Isaacs A, Jukema JW, Knekt P, Kors JA, Krijthe BP, Kristiansson K, Laaksonen M, Liu Y, Li X, Macfarlane PW, Newton-Cheh C, Nieminen MS, Oostra BA, Peloso GM, Porthan K, Rice K, Rivadeneira FF, Rotter JI, Salomaa V, Sattar N, Siscovick DS, Slagboom PE, Smith AV, Sotoodehnia N, Stott DJ, Stricker BH, Stürmer T, Trompet S, Uitterlinden AG, van Duijn C, Westendorp RGJ, Witteman JC, Whitsel EA, Psaty BM. Drug-gene interactions and the search for missing heritability: a cross-sectional pharmacogenomics study of the QT interval. Pharmacogenomics J 2014; 14:6-13. [PMID: 23459443 PMCID: PMC3766418 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2013.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Variability in response to drug use is common and heritable, suggesting that genome-wide pharmacogenomics studies may help explain the 'missing heritability' of complex traits. Here, we describe four independent analyses in 33 781 participants of European ancestry from 10 cohorts that were designed to identify genetic variants modifying the effects of drugs on QT interval duration (QT). Each analysis cross-sectionally examined four therapeutic classes: thiazide diuretics (prevalence of use=13.0%), tri/tetracyclic antidepressants (2.6%), sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents (2.9%) and QT-prolonging drugs as classified by the University of Arizona Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics (4.4%). Drug-gene interactions were estimated using covariable-adjusted linear regression and results were combined with fixed-effects meta-analysis. Although drug-single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) interactions were biologically plausible and variables were well-measured, findings from the four cross-sectional meta-analyses were null (Pinteraction>5.0 × 10(-8)). Simulations suggested that additional efforts, including longitudinal modeling to increase statistical power, are likely needed to identify potentially important pharmacogenomic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, Bank of America Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - C M Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D K Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - E Boerwinkle
- Division of Epidemiology and Center for Human Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B M Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, UK
| | - Y-D Ida Chen
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A J M de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Eijgelsheim
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Enquobahrie
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D S Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - I Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M E Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - V Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - T B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S R Heckbert
- 1] Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA [2] Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - H Hochner
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A Hofman
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - W-C Hsueh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A Isaacs
- 1] Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J W Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Knekt
- THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J A Kors
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B P Krijthe
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K Kristiansson
- THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Laaksonen
- THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - X Li
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - P W Macfarlane
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Newton-Cheh
- 1] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA [2] Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [3] Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M S Nieminen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - B A Oostra
- 1] Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G M Peloso
- 1] National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA [2] Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Porthan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - F F Rivadeneira
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands [3] Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J I Rotter
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - V Salomaa
- THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow, UK
| | - D S Siscovick
- 1] Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA [2] Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P E Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - N Sotoodehnia
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D J Stott
- Academic Section of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - B H Stricker
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands [3] Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [4] Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Stürmer
- Department of Epidemiology, Bank of America Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A G Uitterlinden
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands [3] Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C van Duijn
- 1] Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R G J Westendorp
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J C Witteman
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E A Whitsel
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Bank of America Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA [2] Departments of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - B M Psaty
- 1] Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA [2] Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA [3] Departments of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA [4] Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA [5] Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
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9
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Lambert JC, Ibrahim-Verbaas CA, Harold D, Naj AC, Sims R, Bellenguez C, DeStafano AL, Bis JC, Beecham GW, Grenier-Boley B, Russo G, Thorton-Wells TA, Jones N, Smith AV, Chouraki V, Thomas C, Ikram MA, Zelenika D, Vardarajan BN, Kamatani Y, Lin CF, Gerrish A, Schmidt H, Kunkle B, Dunstan ML, Ruiz A, Bihoreau MT, Choi SH, Reitz C, Pasquier F, Cruchaga C, Craig D, Amin N, Berr C, Lopez OL, De Jager PL, Deramecourt V, Johnston JA, Evans D, Lovestone S, Letenneur L, Morón FJ, Rubinsztein DC, Eiriksdottir G, Sleegers K, Goate AM, Fiévet N, Huentelman MW, Gill M, Brown K, Kamboh MI, Keller L, Barberger-Gateau P, McGuiness B, Larson EB, Green R, Myers AJ, Dufouil C, Todd S, Wallon D, Love S, Rogaeva E, Gallacher J, St George-Hyslop P, Clarimon J, Lleo A, Bayer A, Tsuang DW, Yu L, Tsolaki M, Bossù P, Spalletta G, Proitsi P, Collinge J, Sorbi S, Sanchez-Garcia F, Fox NC, Hardy J, Deniz Naranjo MC, Bosco P, Clarke R, Brayne C, Galimberti D, Mancuso M, Matthews F, Moebus S, Mecocci P, Del Zompo M, Maier W, Hampel H, Pilotto A, Bullido M, Panza F, Caffarra P, Nacmias B, Gilbert JR, Mayhaus M, Lannefelt L, Hakonarson H, Pichler S, Carrasquillo MM, Ingelsson M, Beekly D, Alvarez V, Zou F, Valladares O, Younkin SG, Coto E, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Gu W, Razquin C, Pastor P, Mateo I, Owen MJ, Faber KM, Jonsson PV, Combarros O, O'Donovan MC, Cantwell LB, Soininen H, Blacker D, Mead S, Mosley TH, Bennett DA, Harris TB, Fratiglioni L, Holmes C, de Bruijn RF, Passmore P, Montine TJ, Bettens K, Rotter JI, Brice A, Morgan K, Foroud TM, Kukull WA, Hannequin D, Powell JF, Nalls MA, Ritchie K, Lunetta KL, Kauwe JS, Boerwinkle E, Riemenschneider M, Boada M, Hiltuenen M, Martin ER, Schmidt R, Rujescu D, Wang LS, Dartigues JF, Mayeux R, Tzourio C, Hofman A, Nöthen MM, Graff C, Psaty BM, Jones L, Haines JL, Holmans PA, Lathrop M, Pericak-Vance MA, Launer LJ, Farrer LA, van Duijn CM, Van Broeckhoven C, Moskvina V, Seshadri S, Williams J, Schellenberg GD, Amouyel P. Meta-analysis of 74,046 individuals identifies 11 new susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's disease. Nat Genet 2013; 45:1452-8. [PMID: 24162737 PMCID: PMC3896259 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2947] [Impact Index Per Article: 267.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eleven susceptibility loci for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) were identified by previous studies; however, a large portion of the genetic risk for this disease remains unexplained. We conducted a large, two-stage meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in individuals of European ancestry. In stage 1, we used genotyped and imputed data (7,055,881 SNPs) to perform meta-analysis on 4 previously published GWAS data sets consisting of 17,008 Alzheimer's disease cases and 37,154 controls. In stage 2, 11,632 SNPs were genotyped and tested for association in an independent set of 8,572 Alzheimer's disease cases and 11,312 controls. In addition to the APOE locus (encoding apolipoprotein E), 19 loci reached genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)) in the combined stage 1 and stage 2 analysis, of which 11 are newly associated with Alzheimer's disease.
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Deo R, Nalls MA, Avery CL, Smith JG, Evans DS, Keller MF, Butler AM, Buxbaum SG, Li G, Miguel Quibrera P, Smith EN, Tanaka T, Akylbekova EL, Alonso A, Arking DE, Benjamin EJ, Berenson GS, Bis JC, Chen LY, Chen W, Cummings SR, Ellinor PT, Evans MK, Ferrucci L, Fox ER, Heckbert SR, Heiss G, Hsueh WC, Kerr KF, Limacher MC, Liu Y, Lubitz SA, Magnani JW, Mehra R, Marcus GM, Murray SS, Newman AB, Njajou O, North KE, Paltoo DN, Psaty BM, Redline SS, Reiner AP, Robinson JG, Rotter JI, Samdarshi TE, Schnabel RB, Schork NJ, Singleton AB, Siscovick D, Soliman EZ, Sotoodehnia N, Srinivasan SR, Taylor HA, Trevisan M, Zhang Z, Zonderman AB, Newton-Cheh C, Whitsel EA. Common genetic variation near the connexin-43 gene is associated with resting heart rate in African Americans: a genome-wide association study of 13,372 participants. Heart Rhythm 2012. [PMID: 23183192 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have identified several genetic loci associated with variation in resting heart rate in European and Asian populations. No study has evaluated genetic variants associated with heart rate in African Americans. OBJECTIVE To identify novel genetic variants associated with resting heart rate in African Americans. METHODS Ten cohort studies participating in the Candidate-gene Association Resource and Continental Origins and Genetic Epidemiology Network consortia performed genome-wide genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and imputed 2,954,965 SNPs using HapMap YRI and CEU panels in 13,372 participants of African ancestry. Each study measured the RR interval (ms) from 10-second resting 12-lead electrocardiograms and estimated RR-SNP associations using covariate-adjusted linear regression. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to combine cohort-specific measures of association and identify genome-wide significant loci (P≤2.5×10(-8)). RESULTS Fourteen SNPs on chromosome 6q22 exceeded the genome-wide significance threshold. The most significant association was for rs9320841 (+13 ms per minor allele; P = 4.98×10(-15)). This SNP was approximately 350 kb downstream of GJA1, a locus previously identified as harboring SNPs associated with heart rate in Europeans. Adjustment for rs9320841 also attenuated the association between the remaining 13 SNPs in this region and heart rate. In addition, SNPs in MYH6, which have been identified in European genome-wide association study, were associated with similar changes in the resting heart rate as this population of African Americans. CONCLUSIONS An intergenic region downstream of GJA1 (the gene encoding connexin 43, the major protein of the human myocardial gap junction) and an intragenic region within MYH6 are associated with variation in resting heart rate in African Americans as well as in populations of European and Asian origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Deo
- Division of Cardiology, Electrophysiology Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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Abstract
Relying on known biology, candidate-gene studies have been only modestly successful in identifying genetic variants associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies, in contrast, allow broad scans across millions of loci in search of unsuspected genetic associations with phenotypes. The large numbers of statistical tests in GWA studies and the large sample sizes required to detect modest-sized associations have served as a powerful incentive for the development of large collaborative efforts such as the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Consortium. This article uses published data on three phenotypes, fibrinogen, uric acid, and electrocardiographic QT interval duration, from the CHARGE Consortium to describe several methodologic issues in the design, conduct, and interpretation of GWA studies, including the use of imputation and the need for additional genotyping. Even with large studies, novel genetic loci explain only a small proportion of the variance of cardiovascular phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Bis
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Center for Health Studies, Group Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
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12
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Smith NL, Bis JC, Biagiotti S, Rice K, Lumley T, Kooperberg C, Wiggins KL, Heckbert SR, Psaty BM. Variation in 24 hemostatic genes and associations with non-fatal myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6:45-53. [PMID: 17927806 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02795.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial thrombosis involves platelet aggregation and clot formation, yet little is known about the contribution of genetic variation in fibrin-based hemostatic factors to arterial clotting risk. We hypothesized that common variation in 24 coagulation-fibrinolysis genes would contribute to risk of incident myocardial infarction (MI) or ischemic stroke (IS). METHODS We conducted a population-based, case-control study. Subjects were hypertensive adults and postmenopausal women 30-79 years of age, who sustained a first MI (n = 856) or IS (n = 368) between 1995 and 2002, and controls matched on age, hypertension status, and calendar year (n = 2,689). We investigated the risk of MI and IS associated with (i) global variation within each gene as measured by common haplotypes and (ii) individual haplotypes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Significance was assessed using a 0.2 threshold of the false discovery rate q-value, which accounts for multiple testing. RESULTS After accounting for multiple testing, global genetic variation in factor (F) VIII was associated with IS risk. Two haplotypes in FVIII and one in FXIIIa1 were significantly associated with increased IS risk (all q-values < 0.2). A plasminogen gene SNP was associated with MI risk. All are new discoveries not previously reported. Another 24 tests had P-values < 0.05 and q-values > 0.2 in MI and IS analyses, 23 of which are new and hypothesis generating. CONCLUSIONS Apart from the association of FVIII variation with IS, we found little evidence that common variation in the 24 candidate fibrin-based hemostasis genes strongly influences arterial thrombotic risk, but our results cannot rule out small effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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