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Day JJ, Hodges J, Mazzucchelli TG, Sofronoff K, Sanders MR, Einfeld S, Tonge B, Gray KM. Coercive parenting: modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors in parents of children with developmental disabilities. J Intellect Disabil Res 2021; 65:306-319. [PMID: 33506597 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents of children with developmental or intellectual disabilities tend to report greater use of coercive parenting practices relative to parents of typically developing children, increasing the risk of adverse child outcomes. However, to date, there is limited research exploring the role and relative contribution of modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors in parents of children with a disability. The present study aimed to explore the role of various modifiable and nonmodifiable parenting, family and sociodemographic factors associated with the use of coercive parenting practices in parents of children with a disability. METHODS Caregivers (N = 1392) enrolled in the Mental Health of Young People with Developmental Disabilities (MHYPeDD) programme in Australia completed a cross-sectional survey about their parenting and their child aged 2-12 years with a disability. Measures covered a range of domains including relevant demographic and family background, use of coercive parenting practices, intensity of child behavioural difficulties and questions relating to parent and family functioning such as parental self-efficacy, adjustment difficulties and quality of family relationships. RESULTS Parents of older children, those who were younger at the birth of their child, and parents who were co-parenting or working reported more use of coercive parenting practices. Greater intensity of child difficulties, poorer parental self-efficacy and parent-child relationships, and more parental adjustment difficulties were also significantly associated with more use of coercive parenting. Examination of the relative contribution of variables revealed parent-child relationship was a key contributing factor, followed by intensity of child behaviour problems, parent adjustment and parent confidence. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight a range of factors that should be targeted and modified through upstream prevention programmes and further inform our understanding of how coercive practices may be influenced through targeted parenting interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Day
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Family Action Centre, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Hodges
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - T G Mazzucchelli
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Child and Family Research Group, Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health Research Group, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - K Sofronoff
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M R Sanders
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Einfeld
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - B Tonge
- Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - K M Gray
- Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Ogarkov O, Hodges J, Zhdanova S, Koshkina O, Suzdalnitsky A, Moiseeva E, Waldman A, Koshcheev M, Schwendinger J, Vitko S, Dillingham R, Heysell S. ‘MOCT’: MHEALTH INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE ENGAGEMENT IN CARE AMONG PEOPLE WITH DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS, HIV, AND SUBSTANCE USE IN IRKUTSK, SIBERIA. Chest 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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3
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Savage S, Baker J, Butler C, Hodges J, Zeman A. Long-term prognosis of transient epileptic amnesia: Evidence from the time project. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Chen Y, Landin-Romero R, Irish M, Hodges J, Kumfor F, Piguet O. Distinct patterns of cerebellar atrophy in frontotemporal dementia subtypes: A structural MRI study. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Savage S, Piguet O, Hodges J. Relearning in semantic dementia: Word retraining programs to help rebuild vocabulary. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Beigi RH, Davis G, Hodges J, Akers A. Preparedness planning for pandemic influenza among large US maternity hospitals. Emerging Health Threats Journal 2017. [DOI: 10.3402/ehtj.v2i0.7079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RH Beigi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; and
| | - G Davis
- Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J Hodges
- Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A Akers
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; and
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Richardson S, Kacmar R, Hawkins J, Eltzschig HK, Kleck C, Burger E, Hodges J. Use of continuous fetal heart rate monitoring during discectomy at 24weeks of gestation. Int J Obstet Anesth 2015; 25:95-6. [PMID: 26597410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Richardson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - R Kacmar
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J Hawkins
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - H K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - C Kleck
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - E Burger
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J Hodges
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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8
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Piguet O, Schubert S, Leyton C, Hodges J. Contrasting longitudinal changes in cognition in alzheimer’s disease and behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ahmed S, Baker I, Husain M, Thompson S, Kipps C, Hornberger M, Hodges J, Butler C. Memory impairment at initial clinical presentation in posterior cortical atrophy. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Leyton C, Cassidy B, Jones G, Villemagne V, Ballard K, Piguet O, Hodges J. Divergent complex network patterns of amyloid-b deposition between language and typical alzheimer's presentations. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kim J, Memon M, Zacharatos H, Shea K, Lakshminarayan K, Wang Q, Hodges J, Taylor R. P-028 A Comparison of Outcomes between Stent Types in the Treatment of Extracranial Vertebral Artery Stenosis: A Systematic Review. J Neurointerv Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2014-011343.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
The clinical, clinicopathologic, and pathological findings of 9 dogs with T-cell lymphoma that involved the liver in the absence of peripheral lymphadenopathy were assessed. Seven dogs had hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HS-TCL). Dogs with HS-TCL presented with hepato- and/or splenomegaly, regenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hypoproteinemia. The clinical course was rapidly progressive with all dogs but 1 dead within 24 days of initial presentation. Neoplastic lymphocytes were centered on hepatic and splenic sinusoids and had a CD3+ (5/7), TCRαβ– (5/5), TCRγδ+ (3/5), CD11d+ (6/7), granzyme B+ (5/7) immunophenotype. Bone marrow and lungs were consistently but variably involved. These findings closely resemble the human disease and support the classification of HS-TCL as a distinct World Health Organization entity in dogs. The remaining 2 dogs markedly differed in the pattern of hepatic involvement by neoplastic lymphocytes, which were not confined to hepatic sinusoids but invaded hepatic cords. In addition, neoplastic cells had a CD11d– immunophenotype, and clinicopathologic data indicated marked cholestasis and mild to absent anemia. Based on the distinct tropism of neoplastic lymphocytes for hepatocytes, the name hepatocytotropic T-cell lymphoma (HC-TCL) is proposed. Given the histomorphologic, clinicopathologic, and immunophenotypic differences, HC-TCL likely represents a separate biological entity rather than a histomorphologic variant of HS-TCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Keller
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - W. Vernau
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J. Hodges
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - P. H. Kass
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J. G. Vilches-Moure
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - V. McElliot
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - P. F. Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Villemagne VL, Furumoto S, Fodero-Tavoletti M, Mulligan R, Jones G, Piguet O, Hodges J, Kudo Y, Masters C, Yanai K, Rowe C, Okamura N. 81 In vivo tau imaging with PET. Neurobiol Aging 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mioshi E, Lillo P, Kiernan M, Hodges J. Activities of daily living in motor neuron disease: role of behavioural and motor changes. J Clin Neurosci 2012; 19:552-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2011.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Keller S, Vernau W, Hodges J, Vilches-Moure J, McElliot V, Moore P. Hepatosplenic and Hepatocytotropic T-Cell Lymphoma – Two Distinct Types of T-Cell Lymphoma in Dogs. J Comp Pathol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Gourdon O, Huq A, Hodges J, Heroux L. JANA2006as a unique tool to refine nuclear and/or magnetic structures using ToF data. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311096152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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17
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Calonder E, Machemer C, Gustafson C, Sendelbach S, Johnson D, Reiland L, Trummel G, Lovejoy L, Hodges J. Temperature Measurement in Patients Undergoing Colorectal Surgery & Gynecology Surgery: A Comparison of Esophageal Core, Temporal Artery, & Oral Methods. J Perianesth Nurs 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Aleman M, Katzman S, Vaughan B, Hodges J, Crabbs T, Christopher M, Shelton G, Higgins R. Antemortem Diagnosis of Polyneuritis Equi. J Vet Intern Med 2009; 23:665-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0285.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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19
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Beigi R, Davis G, Hodges J, Akers A. Preparedness planning for pandemic influenza among large US maternity hospitals. Emerg Health Threats J 2009; 2:e2. [PMID: 22460283 PMCID: PMC3167652 DOI: 10.3134/ehtj.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to determine the state of pandemic influenza preparedness and to delineate commonly reported challenges among a sample of larger US national maternity hospitals. This was done given the recent emphasis on hospital disaster planning and the disproportionate morbidity and mortality that pregnant women have suffered in previous influenza pandemics. An internet-based survey was sent to all 12 members of the Council of Women's and Infants’ Specialty Hospitals. Questions addressed hospital demographics and overall pandemic preparedness planning, including presence of a pandemic planning committee and the existence of written plans addressing communications, surge capacity, degradation of services, and advance supply planning. Nine of 12 (75%) hospitals responded. All had active pandemic planning committees with identified leadership. The majority (78%) had written formal plans regarding back-up communications, surge/overflow capacity, and degradation of services. However, fewer (44%) reported having written plans in place regarding supply-line/stockpiling of resources. The most common challenges noted were staff and supply coordination, ethical distribution of limited medical resources, and coordination with government agencies. In conclusion, the majority of the Council of Women's and Infants’ Specialty Hospitals maternity hospitals have preliminary infrastructure for pandemic influenza planning, but many challenges exist to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes during the next influenza pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rh Beigi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This pilot study was intended to test whether a training protocol improved validity of odor judges (OJs), with or without experience, and whether odorant types differed in error proneness. METHODS The OJs (four experienced, two inexperienced) completed a 4-phase training protocol based on the American Society of Testing and Materials standards (ASTM): (i) introduction to sensory scales, n-butanol reference, sniffing techniques; (ii) pretraining measurements; 20 samples of varying intensities of four unpleasant and three pleasant odorants; (iii) exercises assessing quality, intensity, ranking, and matching; and (iv) post-training measurements. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Subjects' intensity scores were analyzed as the absolute difference from the 'true' intensity (ASTM n-butanol standard) using repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS Training significantly (P = 0.02) reduced OJ errors. Experienced and novice judges did not differ in average errors (P = 0.99), or in improvement in error from pre- to post-training (P = 0.94). Improvement was consistent from pre- to post-training for all odorants except dimethylsulfide for which errors worsened (P = 0.01). Unpleasant and pleasant odorants differed (P = 0.006) in error. After removing water the effects of water control scores from the pleasant odorants, the difference was not significant (P = 0.26). CONCLUSIONS The OJs improved in their ability to assess odor intensity irrespective of previous experience. Training is recommended for all OJs prior to research trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nachnani
- University Health Resources Group Inc., Canterbury Drive, Culver City, CA 90230, USA.
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Manes F, Serrano C, Calcagno ML, Cardozo J, Hodges J. Accelerated forgetting in subjects with memory complaints. J Neurol 2008; 255:1067-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-008-0850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Revised: 11/11/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wedderburn C, Wear H, Brown J, Mason SJ, Barker RA, Hodges J, Williams-Gray C. The utility of the Cambridge Behavioural Inventory in neurodegenerative disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008; 79:500-3. [PMID: 17846114 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2007.122028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the utility of the Cambridge Behavioural Inventory (CBI), a carer-completed questionnaire, in a large cohort with Parkinson's disease (PD) (n = 215). In a sub-cohort of 112 patients with PD, the CBI was found to be a valid instrument compared with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, PDQ-39 and UPDRS, with high internal consistency. Furthermore, in the whole cohort, the CBI was sensitive to changes in behaviour with disease progression. Comparison between CBI scores in PD and other neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's disease (HD) (n = 75), Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 96) and frontal variant frontotemporal dementia (fvFTD) (n = 64), revealed distinct profiles for each disease. Predominant deficits were "sleep"' and "self care" in PD; "memory" in HD and AD; and "motivation" and "stereotypic behaviours" in fvFTD. The CBI is a robust, easy-to-use and valid instrument, which has the capacity to discriminate between neurodegenerative diseases, and may be of value in monitoring therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wedderburn
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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DeLong R, Knorr S, Anderson GC, Hodges J, Pintado MR. Accuracy of contacts calculated from 3D images of occlusal surfaces. J Dent 2007; 35:528-34. [PMID: 17418474 PMCID: PMC2041880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2007.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Revised: 02/19/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Compare occlusal contacts calculated from 3D virtual models created from clinical records to contacts identified clinically using shimstock and transillumination. METHODS Upper and lower full arch alginate impressions and vinyl polysiloxane centric interocclusal records were made of 12 subjects. Stone casts made from the alginate impressions and the interocclusal records were optically scanned. Three-dimensional virtual models of the dental arches and interocclusal records were constructed using the Virtual Dental Patient Software. Contacts calculated from the virtual interocclusal records and from the aligned upper and lower virtual arch models were compared to those identified clinically using 0.01mm shimstock and transillumination of the interocclusal record. Virtual contacts and transillumination contacts were compared by anatomical region and by contacting tooth pairs to shimstock contacts. Because there is no accepted standard for identifying occlusal contacts, methods were compared in pairs with one labeled "standard" and the second labeled "test". Accuracy was defined as the number of contacts and non-contacts of the "test" that were in agreement with the "standard" divided by the total number of contacts and non-contacts of the "standard". RESULTS Accuracy of occlusal contacts calculated from virtual interocclusal records and aligned virtual casts compared to transillumination were: 0.87+/-0.05 and 0.84+/-0.06 by region and 0.95+/-0.07 and 0.95+/-0.05 by tooth, respectively. Comparisons with shimstock were: 0.85+/-0.15 (record), 0.84+/-0.14 (casts), and 81+/-17 (transillumination). CONCLUSIONS The virtual record, aligned virtual arches, and transillumination methods of identifying contacts are equivalent, and show better agreement with each other than with the shimstock method.
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Affiliation(s)
- R DeLong
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, USA.
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Rix JE, Weber JKR, Santodonato LJ, Hill B, Walker LM, McPherson R, Wenzel J, Hammons SE, Hodges J, Rennich M, Volin KJ. Automated sample exchange and tracking system for neutron research at cryogenic temperatures. Rev Sci Instrum 2007; 78:013907. [PMID: 17503933 DOI: 10.1063/1.2426878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
An automated system for sample exchange and tracking in a cryogenic environment and under remote computer control was developed. Up to 24 sample "cans" per cycle can be inserted and retrieved in a programed sequence. A video camera acquires a unique identification marked on the sample can to provide a record of the sequence. All operations are coordinated via a LABVIEW program that can be operated locally or over a network. The samples are contained in vanadium cans of 6-10 mm in diameter and equipped with a hermetically sealed lid that interfaces with the sample handler. The system uses a closed-cycle refrigerator (CCR) for cooling. The sample was delivered to a precooling location that was at a temperature of approximately 25 K, after several minutes, it was moved onto a "landing pad" at approximately 10 K that locates the sample in the probe beam. After the sample was released onto the landing pad, the sample handler was retracted. Reading the sample identification and the exchange operation takes approximately 2 min. The time to cool the sample from ambient temperature to approximately 10 K was approximately 7 min including precooling time. The cooling time increases to approximately 12 min if precooling is not used. Small differences in cooling rate were observed between sample materials and for different sample can sizes. Filling the sample well and the sample can with low pressure helium is essential to provide heat transfer and to achieve useful cooling rates. A resistive heating coil can be used to offset the refrigeration so that temperatures up to approximately 350 K can be accessed and controlled using a proportional-integral-derivative control loop. The time for the landing pad to cool to approximately 10 K after it has been heated to approximately 240 K was approximately 20 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Rix
- Containerless Research, Inc., Evanston, Illinois 60202, USA
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Achterberg A, Ackermann M, Adams J, Ahrens J, Andeen K, Atlee DW, Bahcall JN, Bai X, Baret B, Bartelt M, Barwick SW, Bay R, Beattie K, Becka T, Becker JK, Becker KH, Berghaus P, Berley D, Bernardini E, Bertrand D, Besson DZ, Blaufuss E, Boersma DJ, Bohm C, Bolmont J, Böser S, Botner O, Bouchta A, Braun J, Burgess C, Burgess T, Castermans T, Chirkin D, Christy B, Clem J, Cowen DF, D'Agostino MV, Davour A, Day CT, De Clercq C, Demirörs L, Descamps F, Desiati P, Deyoung T, Diaz-Velez JC, Dreyer J, Dumm JP, Duvoort MR, Edwards WR, Ehrlich R, Eisch J, Ellsworth RW, Evenson PA, Fadiran O, Fazely AR, Feser T, Filimonov K, Fox BD, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Ganugapati R, Geenen H, Gerhardt L, Goldschmidt A, Goodman JA, Gozzini R, Grullon S, Gross A, Gunasingha RM, Gurtner M, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Han K, Hanson K, Hardtke D, Hardtke R, Harenberg T, Hart JE, Hauschildt T, Hays D, Heise J, Helbing K, Hellwig M, Herquet P, Hill GC, Hodges J, Hoffman KD, Hommez B, Hoshina K, Hubert D, Hughey B, Hulth PO, Hultqvist K, Hundertmark S, Hülss JP, Ishihara A, Jacobsen J, Japaridze GS, Jones A, Joseph JM, Kampert KH, Karle A, Kawai H, Kelley JL, Kestel M, Kitamura N, Klein SR, Klepser S, Kohnen G, Kolanoski H, Köpke L, Krasberg M, Kuehn K, Landsman H, Leich H, Liubarsky I, Lundberg J, Madsen J, Mase K, Matis HS, McCauley T, McParland CP, Meli A, Messarius T, Mészáros P, Miyamoto H, Mokhtarani A, Montaruli T, Morey A, Morse R, Movit SM, Münich K, Nahnhauer R, Nam JW, Niessen P, Nygren DR, Ogelman H, Olbrechts P, Olivas A, Patton S, Peña-Garay C, Pérez de Los Heros C, Piegsa A, Pieloth D, Pohl AC, Porrata R, Pretz J, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Rawlins K, Razzaque S, Refflinghaus F, Resconi E, Rhode W, Ribordy M, Rizzo A, Robbins S, Roth P, Rott C, Rutledge D, Ryckbosch D, Sander HG, Sarkar S, Schlenstedt S, Schmidt T, Schneider D, Seckel D, Seo SH, Seunarine S, Silvestri A, Smith AJ, Solarz M, Song C, Sopher JE, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Steffen P, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stoufer MC, Stoyanov S, Strahler EA, Straszheim T, Sulanke KH, Sullivan GW, Sumner TJ, Taboada I, Tarasova O, Tepe A, Thollander L, Tilav S, Toale PA, Turcan D, van Eijndhoven N, Vandenbroucke J, Van Overloop A, Voigt B, Wagner W, Walck C, Waldmann H, Walter M, Wang YR, Wendt C, Wiebusch CH, Wikström G, Williams DR, Wischnewski R, Wissing H, Woschnagg K, Xu XW, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Zornoza JD. Limits on the high-energy gamma and neutrino fluxes from the SGR 1806-20 giant flare of 27 December 2004 with the AMANDA-II detector. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:221101. [PMID: 17155787 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.221101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
On 27 December 2004, a giant gamma flare from the Soft Gamma-Ray Repeater 1806-20 saturated many satellite gamma-ray detectors, being the brightest transient event ever observed in the Galaxy. AMANDA-II was used to search for down-going muons indicative of high-energy gammas and/or neutrinos from this object. The data revealed no significant signal, so upper limits (at 90% C.L.) on the normalization constant were set: 0.05(0.5) TeV-1 m;{-2} s;{-1} for gamma=-1.47 (-2) in the gamma flux and 0.4(6.1) TeV-1 m;{-2} s;{-1} for gamma=-1.47 (-2) in the high-energy neutrino flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Achterberg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Utrecht University/SRON, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Przybylowski M, Hakakha A, Stefanski J, Hodges J, Sadelain M, Rivière I. Production scale-up and validation of packaging cell clearance of clinical-grade retroviral vector stocks produced in cell factories. Gene Ther 2006; 13:95-100. [PMID: 16177816 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The clinical implementation of gene therapy requires large-scale production of viral vector stocks (VS) derived from packaging cell lines. Upon scaling-up, maintenance of high viral titers and filtration of the VS become significantly challenging. Thus, production schemes amenable to straightforward validation must be developed. To this end, we have established a semi-closed process to manufacture batches of 7 l or more of clinical-grade oncoretroviral VS using 10-tray Cell Factories. Using a peristaltic pump, the VS are collected on 3 consecutive days, filtered, pooled and stored frozen. To ensure the absence of viable vector-producing cells (VPCs) from each VS unit-dose, we undertook an orthogonal log-removal validation study to demonstrate the ability of both the filtration system to remove viable cells and the VS freezing process to inactivate them. We demonstrate a total VPC-reduction of 11.6 log, thus insuring the absence of contaminating VPCs in transduced clinical samples. We also show that this production process generates stable VS that can be stored at -80 degrees C for more than 3 years. Importantly, this relatively simple and affordable process can be customized to generating large volume of VS for small animal or non-human primate studies. This methodology is not limited to the generation of cell-free clinical oncoretroviral VS, and can be applied to other types of vectors produced in packaging cell lines, such as lentiviral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Przybylowski
- Gene Transfer and Somatic Cell Engineering Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Abstract
The paper examines the reasons for and consequences of lost domestic animal biodiversity. The origin of domestic poultry and livestock diversity is reviewed from the first center of domestication in the Middle East during the Neolithic Revolution. Accompanied by domestic animals and birds, mankind spread worldwide over the last 12,000 yr, thereby increasing domestic animal biodiversity via adaptation to many environmental challenges, resulting in about 6,000 breeds within only a small number of species used for food. During the last 50 yr of the 20th century, about 20% of these livestock and poultry breeds have become extinct, and the remainder is at risk. This erosion of unique biodiversity is due to changes in farm practices developed in the West that involve mono-breed, intensive farming systems that are unsustainable. The close symbiotic relationship of Homo sapiens and domestic animals and birds over millennia is changing, resulting in a lost understanding of sustainability among urban communities. The single-minded focus on profit is resulting in the loss of the historic European and Western culture based on Judeo-Christian values. Respect for biological boundaries, community, and quality of life are disappearing in Western society. Concurrently, farming is now only a business. The principal decision makers are no longer farmers but business executives, who are remote from the farm. The emphasis on cheap food is the principal driver that leads to increased competition and unsustainable practices. Farmers as well as their breeds are disappearing. The advent of gene technology and transgenic livestock is reviewed with the prospect of extensive manipulation of animal form and function and abuse of genotypes as animals are redesigned, suffer, and lose all dignity. By handling its animals in this manner, high Western civilization is losing its culture and values and becoming simply the top animal species by using its power selfishly. The case is presented that the extinction of animals indicates an urgent need to conserve historic Western culture before it, too, is lost.
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Ackermann M, Ahrens J, Bai X, Bartelt M, Barwick SW, Bay RC, Becka T, Becker JK, Becker KH, Berghaus P, Bernardini E, Bertrand D, Boersma DJ, Böser S, Botner O, Bouchta A, Bouhali O, Burgess C, Burgess T, Castermans T, Chirkin D, Collin B, Conrad J, Cooley J, Cowen DF, Davour A, De Clercq C, de los Heros CP, Desiati P, DeYoung T, Ekström P, Feser T, Gaisser TK, Ganugapati R, Geenen H, Gerhardt L, Goldschmidt A, Groß A, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Hanson K, Hardtke DH, Harenberg T, Hauschildt T, Helbing K, Hellwig M, Herquet P, Hill GC, Hodges J, Hubert D, Hughey B, Hulth PO, Hultqvist K, Hundertmark S, Jacobsen J, Kampert KH, Karle A, Kestel M, Kohnen G, Köpke L, Kowalski M, Kuehn K, Lang R, Leich H, Leuthold M, Liubarsky I, Lundberg J, Madsen J, Marciniewski P, Matis HS, McParland CP, Messarius T, Minaeva Y, Miočinović P, Morse R, Münich K, Nahnhauer R, Nam JW, Neunhöffer T, Niessen P, Nygren DR, Olbrechts P, Pohl AC, Porrata R, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Rawlins K, Resconi E, Rhode W, Ribordy M, Richter S, Rodríguez Martino J, Sander HG, Schlenstedt S, Schneider D, Schwarz R, Silvestri A, Solarz M, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stamatikos M, Steele D, Steffen P, Stokstad RG, Sulanke KH, Taboada I, Tarasova O, Thollander L, Tilav S, Wagner W, Walck C, Walter M, Wang YR, Wiebusch CH, Wischnewski R, Wissing H, Woschnagg K. Optical properties of deep glacial ice at the South Pole. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Agricultural and animal scientists need to embrace a new vision beyond the single-minded existing pursuit of biological efficiency. The public in the West is no longer concerned solely with cheap food. Other paramount issues define quality of life, including: health and safety of foods; nutritional value; traditional, regional, locally produced, and organic foods; animal welfare; sustainable farming, environment, and rural resources. The paper provides examples of how the credibility of animal scientists has been lost due to some recent unethical behavior. Research, teaching and application of agricultural and animal science, especially of biotechnology, need to be reshaped into a new "Quality of Life Agricultural Era" to replace the "Era of Intensification." This new era will need fresh assumptions, beliefs and leadership to match the emerging social agenda of the 21st century. Animal scientists have a special role in implementing this new plausibility structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hodges
- European Association for Animal Production, Mittersill, Austria.
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Chang MC, Ko CC, Liu CC, Douglas WH, DeLong R, Seong WJ, Hodges J, An KN. Elasticity of alveolar bone near dental implant-bone interfaces after one month's healing. J Biomech 2003; 36:1209-14. [PMID: 12831748 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(03)00113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Information is scarce about Young's modulus of healing bone surrounding an implant. The purpose of this preliminary study is to quantify elastic properties of pig alveolar bone that has healed for 1 month around titanium threaded dental implants, using the nanoindentation method. Two 2-year-old Sinclair miniswine were used for the study. Nanoindentation tests perpendicular to the bucco-lingual cross section were performed on harvested implant-bone blocks using the Hysitron TriboScope III. Nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy was used to identify pyramidal indentation measurements that were from bone. Reduced moduli, averaged for all anatomical regions, were found to start low (6.17 GPa) at the interface and gradually increase (slope=0.014) to a distance of 150 microm (7.89 GPa) from the implant surface, and then flatten to a slope of 0.001 from 150 to 1500 microm (10.13 GPa). Mean reduced modulus and its relationship to distance did not differ significantly by anatomic location (e.g., coronal, middle, and apical third; P>/=0.28 for all relevant tests) at 1 month after implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Chang
- Department of Oral Sciences, Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, 16-212 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although neuropsychiatric complications are well recognised, the presentation of multiple sclerosis with cognitive or neuropsychiatric symptoms has generally been considered a rare occurrence and to reflect subcortical pathology. OBJECTIVES To document the clinical, neuropsychological, and radiological features of six cases of cognitive presentation of multiple sclerosis, to review the relevant literature, and to propose a possible cortical basis for this clinical presentation. SUBJECTS Six patients (five women; age range 38 to 60 years) presented to the memory and cognitive disorders clinic in Cambridge with an initially undiagnosed cognitive/neuropsychiatric syndrome. All underwent neuropsychological evaluation, brain imaging, and ancillary investigations to establish a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. RESULTS The six cases all had a progressive dementia syndrome with prominent amnesia, often accompanied by classic cortical features including dysphasia, dysgraphia, or dyslexia. Mood disturbance was ubiquitous and in three patients there was a long history of preceding severe depression. All six developed characteristic physical signs on follow up, with marked disabilities. A review of 17 previously reported cases highlighted the prominence of memory impairment and depression in the early stages. CONCLUSIONS On clinical, pathological, and radiological grounds, the neuropsychiatric presentation of multiple sclerosis may represent a clinicopathological entity of "cortical multiple sclerosis." Failure to recognise this will delay diagnosis and may expose patients to potentially dangerous and invasive investigation. Because the neuropsychiatric features of cortical multiple sclerosis are a major cause of handicap, their early recognition may be particularly important in view of emerging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zarei
- Department of Neurology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM When implants are placed interforaminally in mandibular implant-supported screw-retained prostheses, the most anterior implant is usually positioned lingual to the incisors of the prosthesis. This creates an anterior cantilever with the entire prosthesis acting as a class I lever and possibly placing the anterior implant under alternating tension and compression during function. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to measure the anterior cantilever of randomly chosen patients with restored mandibular implant-supported fixed prostheses, and to establish the proportions of anterior to posterior cantilever lengths relative to the anteroposterior spread. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirteen edentulous patients were recruited from the University of Minnesota's dental implant program. Each patient had been restored with a maxillary complete denture and a mandibular implant-supported screw-retained prosthesis supported by 5 endosseous implants. Each patient had 1 mandibular impression made with irreversible hydrocolloid, which was poured in type III gypsum. A FaroArm precision 3D measuring stylus was used to make multiple-axis (X-Y-Z) measurements (mm) on the casts of the dental implants, of anteroposterior spread, and anterior and posterior cantilevers. Presence or absence of screw loosening was noted using a screwdriver with finger pressure. Data were analyzed using a 1-way analysis of variance to compare prostheses with loose screws to prostheses without loose screws, for each of 3 outcome measures: length of anterior cantilever, length of posterior cantilever, and anteroposterior spread (P<.05). RESULTS Mandibular anterior cantilever lengths ranged from 5.5 to 14.4 mm with a mean of 8.78 mm. Combined posterior cantilever lengths ranged from 9.2 to 20.9 mm with a mean of 16.2 mm. Anteroposterior spread ranged from 5.2 to 12.3 mm with a mean of 7.9 mm. From a total of 65 retaining screws, 7 were found to be completely loose. No apparent correlation was found between length of mandibular anterior cantilever and screw loosening (P=.45), although the ratio of posterior cantilever to anteroposterior spread (2:4) was significantly associated with screw loosening (P=.006). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, anterior cantilevers in mandibular implant-supported screw-retained prostheses were frequent and appeared to depend on implant placement and prosthesis design. The ratio of anterior to posterior cantilever lengths was approximately 1:2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Brosky
- School of Dentistry, Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
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Abstract
The innate immune system is multifaceted, comprised of preformed factors, cells, and many proteins and lipid mediators produced by those cells. In the CNS these are critical in initiation and amplification of the inflammatory response and in the subsequent elicitation of the specific T cell response to viral encephalitis. Cells that are resident in brain parenchyma and peripheral cells that are recruited both play key roles in the hosts's responses. Unlike the peripheral compartments, in the CNS, non-cytolytic means of eliminating viral infections have been critical, since, in contrast to columnar epithelial cells, neurons are non-renewing. When the innate immune responses are inefficient or absent in viral encephalitis, pathology is more likely. Much more work remains to elucidate all of the critical cells and their mediators, as well as to develop new therapies for infections of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Reiss
- Biology Department, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003-6688, USA
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Cable C, Hodges J, Tak T. 71-year-old male with progressive dyspnoea and peripheral oedema: a case of cardiac amyloidosis. Neth Heart J 2001; 9:182-184. [PMID: 25696723 PMCID: PMC2499629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 71-year-old male with progressive dyspnoea. On physical examination there was evidence of congestive heart failure. The complete blood count was normal and twelve-lead ECG showed low voltage in the standard leads. Chest x-ray showed cardiomegaly, pulmonary congestion and left pleural effusion. Two-dimensional echocardiography and Doppler ultrasound studies revealed biatrial enlargement and a restrictive diastolic filling pattern. Serum protein electrophoresis was abnormal showing a monoclonal elevation of IgG. Amyloid heart disease was suspected. Fat pad biopsy showed findings consistent with amyloid heart disease. Melphalan and prednisone were initiated to help slow the progression of disease.
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Abstract
The protein composition of the Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage phi29 prohead and virion was determined by combustion of gel bands of (3)H-labeled proteins. Copy numbers of individual proteins were calculated relative to the 12 copies of the head-tail connector protein. The mean numbers of copies of the major capsid protein in the prohead and virion were 241 and 218, respectively, approaching the 235 copies determined previously by cryoelectron microscopy. The mean numbers of copies of the dimeric head fiber on the prohead and virion were 24 and 31, respectively, demonstrating partial occupancy of the 55 fiber binding sites. Measured copies of neck and tail proteins in the virion included 11 of the lower collar, 58 of the appendage, and 9 of the tail; if the true copies of these proteins are 12, 60, and 9, respectively, the entire neck and tail of phi29 has quasi-sixfold symmetry. The mass of the fiberless prohead with pRNA was about 14.2 MDa, and the mass of the prohead determined by scanning transmission electron microscopy was consistent with the biochemical data. The mass of the fiberless virion containing the 12.8-MDa DNA genome was about 30.4 MDa. A full complement of dimeric fibers on the prohead or virion would increase the mass of the particle by about 3.2 MDa. The data complement studies relating the structure of phi29 components to dynamic functions in morphogenesis and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peterson
- Department of Oral Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The gold screw of an implant is put under tension during fastening. An increase in operator-induced compressive axial force during fastening may diminish screw tension, lower the friction between the screw threads, and allow for increased tightening torque. PURPOSE This study was undertaken to assess and compare the compressive axial forces and torques placed simultaneously on implant gold screws by persons with varying degrees of expertise. MATERIAL AND METHODS A calibrated electric torque driver was used to fasten implant gold screws. Three groups of operators with various levels of implant experience (faculty [F; n = 4], prosthodontic residents [R; n = 4], and undergraduate dental students [S; n = 6]) were asked to repeatedly tighten and loosen a new gold abutment screw into a standard 3.75-mm diameter Branemark abutment. Compressive axial forces during torquing were assessed over the tightening time by means of a miniature load cell adapted to the electric torque driver. Each operator repeated the experiment 3 times after calibration. Within operator and between operator reliability were evaluated. RESULTS Loosening compressive axial forces were always higher than tightening compressive axial forces, and peak torque was less on loosening than tightening. Faculty placed a smaller range of forces on the screws (mean = 3.29 N, SD +/- 1.45 N) than did the residents (mean = 2.74 N, SD +/- 1.96) or the students (mean = 3.01 N, SD +/- 2.54). CONCLUSION The clinical experience of operators seems to influence their application of compressive axial force during gold screw tightening. Less torque during unfastening of gold screws seems to be related to increased axial loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Pesun
- School of Dentistry and Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
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Sandler NA, Hodges J, Sabino M. Assessment of recovery in patients undergoing intravenous conscious sedation using bispectral analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001; 59:603-11; discussion 611-2. [PMID: 11381378 DOI: 10.1053/joms.2001.23366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Bispectral Index (BIS) has been recently shown to objectively predict the level of sedation in patients undergoing conscious sedation. It was the goal of this study to directly compare the recovery profile of patients where the BIS was used to monitor sedation with a control group where the monitor was not used. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty patients undergoing third molar extractions under intravenous conscious sedation were randomly assigned to 2 groups. In both groups, induction of sedation was performed using a standard dose of fentanyl (1.5 microg/kg) and midazolam (0.05 mg/kg). Propofol was then given in 10 to 20 mg boluses until a clinically desirable sedation level was achieved. In 1 group, the BIS was then monitored continually during surgery using a microcomputer (Aspect-1050 Monitor, Aspect Co, Natick, MA) and recorded at 5-minute intervals. The anesthetist (N.A.S.) provided additional propofol boluses to maintain a BIS level of 70 to 80. In the other group, the BIS sensor was applied, but the monitor was not used. In this group, the sedation was modified, and additional propofol was given based solely on the anesthetist's subjective assessment of the desired level of sedation (Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation [OAA/S] scale level 2 to 3). Additional boluses of 1 mg of midazolam were given during the procedure if patients required repeated boluses of propofol at less than 5-minute intervals to maintain the desired sedation level (BIS level of 70 to 80 or OAA/S level of 2 to 3). These additional midazolam boluses, as well as the time of the last sedative dose (propofol or midazolam) were recorded to study the effect of these factors on recovery. RESULTS Of the 40 patients initially included in the study, 1 subject in the BIS-monitored group was excluded due to the loss of intravenous access at initiation of the case. For the remaining 39 subjects, 19 were assessed objectively using the BIS monitor, whereas 20 were assessed subjectively using the OAA/S scale. The BIS cases were slightly longer in duration than the OAA/S cases, lasting an average of 26 minutes versus 22 minutes. This difference was statistically nonsignificant (P =.19). Less propofol was used in the BIS cases, with an average of 98 mg for BIS cases versus 106 mg for OAA/S cases (P =.59). The total dose in mg/kg/min was significantly less in the BIS group (0.054 mg/kg/min) than in the OAA/S group (0.074 mg/kg/min; P =.0082). There was no significant difference in the amount of midazolam administered after induction between the 2 groups (P =.60). The surgeon, who was blinded to whether the monitor was used, ranked the third molar extractions more difficult in the BIS group (P =.05). However, patients in the BIS group were on average more cooperative, with better maintenance of muscle tone. The difference in these parameters were nonsignificant (P =.15 and .092, respectively). A positive Romberg test was obtained earlier in BIS patients, although this difference was nonsignificant (P =.097). The straight-line test was completed significantly sooner in BIS patients (P =.013). There was no significant difference between the BIS and OAA/S groups in perceptual speed (P =.55) or computation (P =.32). There was essentially no difference between groups in patient-assessed comfort or recall of the procedure. There were also no notable differences in anesthesia complications, return to activities of daily life, or pain medication use between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS The BIS provides additional information for standard monitoring techniques that helps guide the administration of sedative-hypnotic agents. It appears that use of the BIS monitor can help to titrate the level of sedation so that less drugs are used to maintain the desired level. The trend toward an earlier return of motor function in BIS-monitored patients warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Sandler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0329, USA.
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Goldkrand JW, Pettigrew C, Lentz SU, Clements SP, Bryant JL, Hodges J. Volumetric umbilical artery blood flow: comparison of the normal versus the single umbilical artery cord. J Matern Fetal Med 2001; 10:116-21. [PMID: 11392591 DOI: 10.1080/714052729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This was a study of the volumetric blood flow in single umbilical artery (SUA) cords as compared to three-vessel cords. HYPOTHESIS SUA flow will be twice that of an artery in a normal cord. METHODS We studied 276 patients (24 SUA, 252 normal cord) at 18-40 weeks' gestation utilizing gray-scale and color Doppler. Flow, flow/kg, velocity, artery diameter, Doppler velocimetry indices, estimated fetal weight (EFW) and amniotic fluid index (AFI) were compared. All fetuses were anatomically and cytogenetically normal. RESULTS Blood flow increased with advancing gestation and the SUA volume was twice that in the normal cord artery. Flow/kg decreased for both cords, with the SUA values twice those of normal cords. Arterial diameter and velocity increased, but to a greater degree in SUA. Velocimetry, although in the normal range, decreased progressively with the resistance indices always lower in the SUA cord. EFW and AFI were the same for both groups. CONCLUSION Volumetric blood and its components were measured indirectly with ultrasound. The SUA cord artery carried twice the blood volume of an artery in a three-vessel cord. Other flow parameters changed appropriately to explain the increased flow. For the anatomically normal fetus with SUA there was no increase in intrauterine growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Goldkrand
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Memorial Health University Medical Center, Savannah, Georgia 23089, USA
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Abstract
The past decade has seen a considerable resurgence of interest in non-Alzheimer forms of neurodegenerative dementia. Advances in our understanding and classification of these conditions have taken place over a diverse range of disciplines: from genetics and immunohistochemistry to neuropsychology and psychiatry. The aim of this article is to review, from a clinician's perspective, our current understanding of the major degenerative dementias that fall into the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The clinical variants of frontotemporal dementia (semantic dementia, progressive nonfluent aphasia, and dementia of a frontal type), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated dementia, corticobasal degeneration, and dementia with Lewy bodies are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nestor
- University Department of Neurology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, England
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Goldkrand JW, Pettigrew C, Lentz SU, Clements SP, Bryant JL, Hodges J. Volumetric umbilical artery blood flow: comparison of the normal versus the single umbilical artery cord. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/jmf.10.2.116.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nelson DB, Freeman ML, Silvis SE, Cass OW, Yakshe PN, Vennes J, Stahnke LL, Herman M, Hodges J. A randomized, controlled trial of transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring during ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc 2000; 51:288-95. [PMID: 10699773 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5107(00)70357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulse oximetry, used to monitor oxygen saturation during endoscopy, does not directly measure hypoventilation. Study goals were to determine whether transcutaneous carbon dioxide (PtcCO(2)) monitoring during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) prevents severe hypoventilation and to assess the accuracy of clinical observation and pulse oximetry in detecting hypoventilation. METHODS All patients received intensive clinical and electronic monitoring including pulse oximetry. Supplemental oxygen was administered for pulse oximetry < 90%. Patients were randomized to a treatment arm (group 1) where PtcCO(2) monitoring guided sedation or a control arm (group 2) where PtcCO(2) was recorded but unavailable for guiding sedation. RESULTS Group 1 had significantly fewer episodes of severe carbon dioxide retention (rise in PtcCO(2) >/=40 mm Hg above baseline) than group 2 (0 of 199 versus 5 of 196, respectively, p = 0.03), as well a shorter mean duration of procedure discomfort (8.3% of procedure duration rated as "uncomfortable" versus 11.5%, p = 0.04). Correlations between clinical observation and objective measures of ventilation were poor: level of sedation versus PtcCO(2) (R = 0.3) or pulse oximetry (R = 0.06); slowest respiratory rate versus PtcCO(2) (R = 0.4) or pulse oximetry (R = -0.4). PtcCO(2) rises of greater than 20 mm Hg occurred without oxygen desaturation in 10.7% of patients receiving supplemental oxygen. CONCLUSIONS Carbon dioxide retention during ERCP is not reliably detected by clinical observation or by pulse oximetry in patients receiving supplemental oxygen. The addition of PtcCO(2) monitoring prevents severe carbon dioxide retention more effectively than intensive clinical monitoring and pulse oximetry alone. The clinical relevancy of this observation needs to be determined in an appropriately designed outcome study.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Nelson
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Hennepin County Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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43
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Brandt K, Evans GR, Johnson M, Gürlek A, Lohman R, Nabawi A, Williams J, Hodges J, Patrick CW. The effects of cisplatinum and vincristine on peripheral nerve regeneration. Plast Reconstr Surg 1999; 104:464-9. [PMID: 10654689 DOI: 10.1097/00006534-199908000-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment modalities for extremity sarcoma often include tumor extirpation plus neoadjuvant therapy. Limb-sparing surgery may require reconstruction of critical nerve defects. Neurotoxic side effects from adjuvant chemotherapy have been reported and raise concerns regarding the effects of chemotherapy on nerve regeneration. In an attempt to define the effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on peripheral nerve regeneration, cisplatin and vincristine were administered to rats following isografting of the posterior tibial nerve. Parameters used to assess peripheral nerve regeneration included walking track analysis and histomorphology. Sixty 250-g Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into one of three treatment groups. Each animal underwent a 15-mm reversed interposition nerve isograft from 30 donor rats into the right posterior tibial nerve. Ten animals served as control. The remaining animals were divided into two groups of 25 animals each. One group received cisplatin (75 mg/m2) and the other group received vincristine (1 mg/m2). Chemotherapy was administered at 4-week cycles for a total of six cycles (24 weeks). Walking track analysis was performed monthly. Nerve specimens were harvested from the grafted segment and the distal posterior tibial nerve for histomorphology. Walking track analysis demonstrated no statistical difference in print length between the control and chemotherapeutic groups at the conclusion of the study. The number of axons per square millimeter and nerve fiber density were not statistically different between control and chemotherapeutic groups. In the rodent posterior tibial nerve model, postoperative adjuvant therapy does not significantly alter functional outcome in peripheral nerve regeneration. The practice of immediate nerve grafting after tumor extirpation, despite planned postoperative chemotherapy, is supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brandt
- Department of Plastic Surgery at the University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, USA.
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Abstract
A competency-based orientation is an orientation program that focuses on a new employee's ability to actually perform the expectations of his or her role in a particular setting. It differs from a traditional model in which the focus is on the cognitive knowledge necessary for the role. The authors will identify key elements educators may consider when evaluating such a program. The process used by the author's organization to evaluate and restructure the competency-based orientation program for registered nurses is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hodges
- Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
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45
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Evans GR, Brandt K, Widmer MS, Lu L, Meszlenyi RK, Gupta PK, Mikos AG, Hodges J, Williams J, Gürlek A, Nabawi A, Lohman R, Patrick CW. In vivo evaluation of poly(L-lactic acid) porous conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration. Biomaterials 1999; 20:1109-15. [PMID: 10382826 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(99)00010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study provides in vivo trials of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) as a porous biodegradable nerve conduit using a 10 mm sciatic nerve defect model in rats. The PLLA conduits, fabricated by an extrusion technique, had an inner diameter of 1.6 mm, an outer diameter of 3.2 mm, and a length of 12 mm. They were highly porous with an interconnected pore structure (of 83.5% porosity and 12.1 microm mean pore size). The conduits were interposed into the right sciatic nerve defect of Sprague Dawley rats using microsurgical techniques; nerve isografts served as controls. Walking track analysis was performed after conduit placement monthly through 16 weeks. At the conclusion of 6 and 16 weeks, sections from the isograft/conduit and distal nerve were harvested for histomorphometric analysis. The right gastrocnemius muscle was also harvested and its weight was determined. All conduits remained intact without breakage. Moreover, no conduit elongated during the 16 weeks of placement. Walking track analysis and gastrocnemius muscle weight demonstrated increasing regeneration over the 16 weeks in both the conduit and isograft control groups, with control values significantly greater. The nerve fiber density in the distal sciatic nerve for the PLLA conduits (0.16+/-0.07) was similar to that for the control isografts (0.19+/-0.05) at 16 weeks. The number of axons/mm2 in the distal sciatic nerve for the PLLA conduits was lower than that for the isografts (13 800+/-2500 vs. 10700+/-4700) at 16 weeks. The results for PLLA were significantly improved over those for 75:25 poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) of a previous study and suggest that PLLA porous conduits may serve as a scaffold for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Evans
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
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Skuse D, Bentovim A, Hodges J, Stevenson J, Andreou C, Lanyado M, New M, Williams B, McMillan D. Risk factors for development of sexually abusive behaviour in sexually victimised adolescent boys: cross sectional study. BMJ 1998; 317:175-9. [PMID: 9665896 PMCID: PMC28608 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.317.7152.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify factors that may increase the risk of a sexually victimised adolescent boy developing sexually abusive behaviour. DESIGN Sexually victimised boys who had sexually abused other children were compared with sexually victimised boys who had not done so. SETTING Social services departments in south east England were invited to refer sexually abused and sexually abusing boys to a London postgraduate teaching hospital. SUBJECTS 25 adolescent boys aged between 11 years and 15 years and 11 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Adjusted odds ratios estimated from unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS Unadjusted odds rations for witnessing (8.1) as well as experiencing (18.0) intrafamilial violence and discontinuity of care (7.2) discriminated boys who had sexually abused from others who were solely victims of sexual abuse. Only the adjusted odds ratios for witnessing intrafamilial violence (39.7) discriminated the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The risk of adolescent boys who have been victims of sexual abuse engaging in sexually abusive behaviour towards other children is increased by life circumstances which may be unrelated directly to the original abusive experience, in particular exposure to a climate of intrafamilial violence. Our findings have implications for the management of boys found to have been sexually abused and raise important questions about the possibility of secondary prevention of subsequent abusive behaviour in those at greatest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Skuse
- Behavioural Sciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH.
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Tyler LK, Moss HE, Patterson K, Hodges J. The gradual deterioration of syntax and semantics in a patient with progressive aphasia. Brain Lang 1997; 56:426-476. [PMID: 9070420 DOI: 10.1006/brln.1997.1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
FM is a progressive aphasic patient whose language comprehension we studied over a 4-year period. We developed a variety of implicit and explicit tasks to chart progressive changes in the representation of linguistic knowledge (in particular, syntax and semantics) and the automatic and controlled processes which operate on that knowledge. The representation of FM's semantic knowledge remained essentially intact over the years, but she became increasingly impaired at combining the meanings of words. She also showed progressive impairments in the processes of syntactic combination. Thus, FM's disease resulted in a progressive inability to engage in those combinatorial processes necessary for the normal comprehension of a spoken utterance. This is not a selective deficit in the traditional sense of the term, since aspects of both syntax and semantics are implicated; but it is selective in the sense that other aspects of language comprehension remain intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Tyler
- Centre for Speech and Language, Birbeck College, University of London; UK
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Mummery C, Wise R, Hodges J, Patterson K. A contrast of the activations during word retrieval in response to initial letter and category prompts. Neuroimage 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(96)80452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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