1
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Abstract
We use density functional theory to study the reduction of CO2and CO to hydrocarbons through a formyl pathway on (111) and (211) facets of L12alloys with an A3B composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. A. Hansen
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
| | - C. Shi
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
| | - A. C. Lausche
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
- Menlo Park
- USA
| | - A. A. Peterson
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
| | - J. K. Nørskov
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
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2
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Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation by nitrogenase enzymes is a process that activates dinitrogen (N2) one of the most inert molecules in nature, within the confines of a living organism and at ambient conditions. Despite decades of study, there are still no complete explanations as to how this is possible. Here we describe a model of N2 reduction using the Mo-containing nitrogenase (FeMoco) that can explain the reactivity of the active site via a series of electrochemical steps that reversibly unseal a highly reactive Fe edge site. Our model can explain the 8 proton-electron transfers involved in biological ammonia synthesis within the kinetic scheme of Lowe and Thorneley, the obligatory formation of one H2 per N2 reduced, and the behavior of known inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Varley
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA.
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3
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Xin H, LaRue J, Öberg H, Beye M, Dell'Angela M, Turner JJ, Gladh J, Ng ML, Sellberg JA, Kaya S, Mercurio G, Hieke F, Nordlund D, Schlotter WF, Dakovski GL, Minitti MP, Föhlisch A, Wolf M, Wurth W, Ogasawara H, Nørskov JK, Öström H, Pettersson LGM, Nilsson A, Abild-Pedersen F. Strong Influence of Coadsorbate Interaction on CO Desorption Dynamics on Ru(0001) Probed by Ultrafast X-Ray Spectroscopy and Ab Initio Simulations. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:156101. [PMID: 25933322 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.156101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We show that coadsorbed oxygen atoms have a dramatic influence on the CO desorption dynamics from Ru(0001). In contrast to the precursor-mediated desorption mechanism on Ru(0001), the presence of surface oxygen modifies the electronic structure of Ru atoms such that CO desorption occurs predominantly via the direct pathway. This phenomenon is directly observed in an ultrafast pump-probe experiment using a soft x-ray free-electron laser to monitor the dynamic evolution of the valence electronic structure of the surface species. This is supported with the potential of mean force along the CO desorption path obtained from density-functional theory calculations. Charge density distribution and frozen-orbital analysis suggest that the oxygen-induced reduction of the Pauli repulsion, and consequent increase of the dative interaction between the CO 5σ and the charged Ru atom, is the electronic origin of the distinct desorption dynamics. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of CO desorption from Ru(0001) and oxygen-coadsorbed Ru(0001) provide further insights into the surface bond-breaking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xin
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 95305, USA
| | - J LaRue
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H Öberg
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Beye
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Dell'Angela
- University of Hamburg and Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chausse 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J J Turner
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Gladh
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M L Ng
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J A Sellberg
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Kaya
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - G Mercurio
- University of Hamburg and Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chausse 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Hieke
- University of Hamburg and Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chausse 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - W F Schlotter
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - G L Dakovski
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M P Minitti
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A Föhlisch
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Wolf
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - W Wurth
- University of Hamburg and Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chausse 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
- DESY Photon Science, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Ogasawara
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J K Nørskov
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 95305, USA
| | - H Öström
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L G M Pettersson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Nilsson
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - F Abild-Pedersen
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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4
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Öström H, Öberg H, Xin H, LaRue J, Beye M, Dell’Angela M, Gladh J, Ng ML, Sellberg JA, Kaya S, Mercurio G, Nordlund D, Hantschmann M, Hieke F, Kühn D, Schlotter WF, Dakovski GL, Turner JJ, Minitti MP, Mitra A, Moeller SP, Föhlisch A, Wolf M, Wurth W, Persson M, Nørskov JK, Abild-Pedersen F, Ogasawara H, Pettersson LGM, Nilsson A. Probing the transition state region in catalytic CO oxidation on Ru. Science 2015; 347:978-82. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1261747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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5
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Varley JB, Hansen HA, Ammitzbøll NL, Grabow LC, Peterson AA, Rossmeisl J, Nørskov JK. Ni–Fe–S Cubanes in CO2 Reduction Electrocatalysis: A DFT Study. ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs4005419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. B. Varley
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - H. A. Hansen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
| | - N. L. Ammitzbøll
- Center
for Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - L. C. Grabow
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - A. A. Peterson
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
- School
of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - J. Rossmeisl
- Center
for Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J. K. Nørskov
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Photon Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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6
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Beye M, Anniyev T, Coffee R, Dell'Angela M, Föhlisch A, Gladh J, Katayama T, Kaya S, Krupin O, Møgelhøj A, Nilsson A, Nordlund D, Nørskov JK, Öberg H, Ogasawara H, Pettersson LGM, Schlotter WF, Sellberg JA, Sorgenfrei F, Turner JJ, Wolf M, Wurth W, Oström H. Selective ultrafast probing of transient hot chemisorbed and precursor states of CO on Ru(0001). Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:186101. [PMID: 23683223 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.186101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the femtosecond dynamics following optical laser excitation of CO adsorbed on a Ru surface by monitoring changes in the occupied and unoccupied electronic structure using ultrafast soft x-ray absorption and emission. We recently reported [M. Dell'Angela et al. Science 339, 1302 (2013)] a phonon-mediated transition into a weakly adsorbed precursor state occurring on a time scale of >2 ps prior to desorption. Here we focus on processes within the first picosecond after laser excitation and show that the metal-adsorbate coordination is initially increased due to hot-electron-driven vibrational excitations. This process is faster than, but occurs in parallel with, the transition into the precursor state. With resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy, we probe each of these states selectively and determine the respective transient populations depending on optical laser fluence. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of CO adsorbed on Ru(0001) were performed at 1500 and 3000 K providing insight into the desorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beye
- SIMES, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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7
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Viswanathan V, Nørskov JK, Speidel A, Scheffler R, Gowda S, Luntz AC. Li-O2 Kinetic Overpotentials: Tafel Plots from Experiment and First-Principles Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:556-560. [PMID: 26281865 DOI: 10.1021/jz400019y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the current dependence of the fundamental kinetic overpotentials for Li-O2 discharge and charge (Tafel plots) that define the optimal cycle efficiency in a Li-air battery. Comparison of the unusual experimental Tafel plots obtained in a bulk electrolysis cell with those obtained by first-principles theory is semiquantitative. The kinetic overpotentials for any practical current density are very small, considerably less than polarization losses due to iR drops from the cell impedance in Li-O2 batteries. If only the kinetic overpotentials were present, then a discharge-charge voltaic cycle efficiency of ∼85% should be possible at ∼10 mA/cm(2) superficial current density in a battery of ∼0.1 m(2) total cathode area. We therefore suggest that minimizing the cell impedance is a more important problem than minimizing the kinetic overpotentials to develop higher current Li-air batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Viswanathan
- †Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - J K Nørskov
- †Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- ‡SUNCAT, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - A Speidel
- §Volkswagen Group, Inc., Belmont, California 94002, United States
| | - R Scheffler
- §Volkswagen Group, Inc., Belmont, California 94002, United States
| | - S Gowda
- ∥Almaden Research Center, IBM Research, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - A C Luntz
- ‡SUNCAT, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- ∥Almaden Research Center, IBM Research, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
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8
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Hummelshøj JS, Luntz AC, Nørskov JK. Theoretical evidence for low kinetic overpotentials in Li-O2 electrochemistry. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:034703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4773242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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9
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McCloskey BD, Speidel A, Scheffler R, Miller DC, Viswanathan V, Hummelshøj JS, Nørskov JK, Luntz AC. Twin Problems of Interfacial Carbonate Formation in Nonaqueous Li-O2 Batteries. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:997-1001. [PMID: 26286562 DOI: 10.1021/jz300243r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We use XPS and isotope labeling coupled with differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) to show that small amounts of carbonates formed during discharge and charge of Li-O2 cells in ether electrolytes originate from reaction of Li2O2 (or LiO2) both with the electrolyte and with the C cathode. Reaction with the cathode forms approximately a monolayer of Li2CO3 at the C-Li2O2 interface, while reaction with the electrolyte forms approximately a monolayer of carbonate at the Li2O2-electrolyte interface during charge. A simple electrochemical model suggests that the carbonate at the electrolyte-Li2O2 interface is responsible for the large potential increase during charging (and hence indirectly for the poor rechargeability). A theoretical charge-transport model suggests that the carbonate layer at the C-Li2O2 interface causes a 10-100 fold decrease in the exchange current density. These twin "interfacial carbonate problems" are likely general and will ultimately have to be overcome to produce a highly rechargeable Li-air battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D McCloskey
- †Almaden Research Center, IBM Research, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - A Speidel
- ‡Volkswagen Group, Inc., Belmont, California 94002, United States
| | - R Scheffler
- ‡Volkswagen Group, Inc., Belmont, California 94002, United States
| | - D C Miller
- †Almaden Research Center, IBM Research, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - V Viswanathan
- ⊥Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
| | - J S Hummelshøj
- §SUNCAT, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, United States
| | - J K Nørskov
- §SUNCAT, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, United States
- ⊥Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
| | - A C Luntz
- †Almaden Research Center, IBM Research, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
- §SUNCAT, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, United States
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10
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Viswanathan V, Thygesen KS, Hummelshøj JS, Nørskov JK, Girishkumar G, McCloskey BD, Luntz AC. Electrical conductivity in Li2O2 and its role in determining capacity limitations in non-aqueous Li-O2 batteries. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:214704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3663385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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11
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Vojvodic A, Calle-Vallejo F, Guo W, Wang S, Toftelund A, Studt F, Martínez JI, Shen J, Man IC, Rossmeisl J, Bligaard T, Nørskov JK, Abild-Pedersen F. On the behavior of Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi relations for transition metal oxides. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:244509. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3602323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Wang S, Petzold V, Tripkovic V, Kleis J, Howalt JG, Skúlason E, Fernández EM, Hvolbæk B, Jones G, Toftelund A, Falsig H, Björketun M, Studt F, Abild-Pedersen F, Rossmeisl J, Nørskov JK, Bligaard T. Universal transition state scaling relations for (de)hydrogenation over transition metals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:20760-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20547a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Topsøe H, Clausen BS, Topsøe NY, Nørskov JK, Ovesen CV, Jacobsen CJH. The Bond Energy Model for Hydrotreating Reactions: Theoretical and Experimental Aspects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bscb.19951040415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Abstract
A successful nanotechnology will require nanomotors that can perform functions from switches to pumps and actuators. In their Perspective, Besenbacher and Nørskov discuss the study by Schmid et al., who show that tin islands on a copper surfaces propel themselves forward on the surface, drawing energy from alloy formation with the surface below. The system has about the same power-to-weight ratio as a car and may provide a paradigm for future nanomotors.
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15
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Enkovaara J, Rostgaard C, Mortensen JJ, Chen J, Dułak M, Ferrighi L, Gavnholt J, Glinsvad C, Haikola V, Hansen HA, Kristoffersen HH, Kuisma M, Larsen AH, Lehtovaara L, Ljungberg M, Lopez-Acevedo O, Moses PG, Ojanen J, Olsen T, Petzold V, Romero NA, Stausholm-Møller J, Strange M, Tritsaris GA, Vanin M, Walter M, Hammer B, Häkkinen H, Madsen GKH, Nieminen RM, Nørskov JK, Puska M, Rantala TT, Schiøtz J, Thygesen KS, Jacobsen KW. Electronic structure calculations with GPAW: a real-space implementation of the projector augmented-wave method. J Phys Condens Matter 2010; 22:253202. [PMID: 21393795 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/25/253202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 669] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Electronic structure calculations have become an indispensable tool in many areas of materials science and quantum chemistry. Even though the Kohn-Sham formulation of the density-functional theory (DFT) simplifies the many-body problem significantly, one is still confronted with several numerical challenges. In this article we present the projector augmented-wave (PAW) method as implemented in the GPAW program package (https://wiki.fysik.dtu.dk/gpaw) using a uniform real-space grid representation of the electronic wavefunctions. Compared to more traditional plane wave or localized basis set approaches, real-space grids offer several advantages, most notably good computational scalability and systematic convergence properties. However, as a unique feature GPAW also facilitates a localized atomic-orbital basis set in addition to the grid. The efficient atomic basis set is complementary to the more accurate grid, and the possibility to seamlessly switch between the two representations provides great flexibility. While DFT allows one to study ground state properties, time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) provides access to the excited states. We have implemented the two common formulations of TDDFT, namely the linear-response and the time propagation schemes. Electron transport calculations under finite-bias conditions can be performed with GPAW using non-equilibrium Green functions and the localized basis set. In addition to the basic features of the real-space PAW method, we also describe the implementation of selected exchange-correlation functionals, parallelization schemes, ΔSCF-method, x-ray absorption spectra, and maximally localized Wannier orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Enkovaara
- CSC-IT Center for Science Ltd., Espoo, Finland
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16
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Hummelshøj JS, Blomqvist J, Datta S, Vegge T, Rossmeisl J, Thygesen KS, Luntz AC, Jacobsen KW, Nørskov JK. Communications: Elementary oxygen electrode reactions in the aprotic Li-air battery. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:071101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3298994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Nørskov
- Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, DK-2800 Denmark.
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18
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Hummelshøj JS, Landis DD, Voss J, Jiang T, Tekin A, Bork N, Dułak M, Mortensen JJ, Adamska L, Andersin J, Baran JD, Barmparis GD, Bell F, Bezanilla AL, Bjork J, Björketun ME, Bleken F, Buchter F, Bürkle M, Burton PD, Buus BB, Calborean A, Calle-Vallejo F, Casolo S, Chandler BD, Chi DH, Czekaj I, Datta S, Datye A, DeLaRiva A, Despoja V, Dobrin S, Engelund M, Ferrighi L, Frondelius P, Fu Q, Fuentes A, Fürst J, García-Fuente A, Gavnholt J, Goeke R, Gudmundsdottir S, Hammond KD, Hansen HA, Hibbitts D, Hobi E, Howalt JG, Hruby SL, Huth A, Isaeva L, Jelic J, Jensen IJT, Kacprzak KA, Kelkkanen A, Kelsey D, Kesanakurthi DS, Kleis J, Klüpfel PJ, Konstantinov I, Korytar R, Koskinen P, Krishna C, Kunkes E, Larsen AH, Lastra JMG, Lin H, Lopez-Acevedo O, Mantega M, Martínez JI, Mesa IN, Mowbray DJ, Mýrdal JSG, Natanzon Y, Nistor A, Olsen T, Park H, Pedroza LS, Petzold V, Plaisance C, Rasmussen JA, Ren H, Rizzi M, Ronco AS, Rostgaard C, Saadi S, Salguero LA, Santos EJG, Schoenhalz AL, Shen J, Smedemand M, Stausholm-Møller OJ, Stibius M, Strange M, Su HB, Temel B, Toftelund A, Tripkovic V, Vanin M, Viswanathan V, Vojvodic A, Wang S, Wellendorff J, Thygesen KS, Rossmeisl J, Bligaard T, Jacobsen KW, Nørskov JK, Vegge T. Density functional theory based screening of ternary alkali-transition metal borohydrides: A computational material design project. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:014101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3148892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Ferrin P, Simonetti D, Kandoi S, Kunkes E, Dumesic JA, Nørskov JK, Mavrikakis M. Modeling Ethanol Decomposition on Transition Metals: A Combined Application of Scaling and Brønsted−Evans−Polanyi Relations. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:5809-15. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8099322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Ferrin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics−Nano-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - D. Simonetti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics−Nano-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - S. Kandoi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics−Nano-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - E. Kunkes
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics−Nano-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J. A. Dumesic
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics−Nano-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J. K. Nørskov
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics−Nano-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M. Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics−Nano-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
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20
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Jones G, Bligaard T, Abild-Pedersen F, Nørskov JK. Using scaling relations to understand trends in the catalytic activity of transition metals. J Phys Condens Matter 2008; 20:064239. [PMID: 21693900 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/20/6/064239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A method is developed to estimate the potential energy diagram for a full catalytic reaction for a range of late transition metals on the basis of a calculation (or an experimental determination) for a single metal. The method, which employs scaling relations between adsorption energies, is illustrated by calculating the potential energy diagram for the methanation reaction and ammonia synthesis for 11 different metals on the basis of results calculated for Ru. It is also shown that considering the free energy diagram for the reactions, under typical industrial conditions, provides additional insight into reactivity trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jones
- Center for Atomic-scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, NanoDTU, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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21
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Karlberg GS, Jaramillo TF, Skúlason E, Rossmeisl J, Bligaard T, Nørskov JK. Cyclic voltammograms for H on Pt(111) and Pt(100) from first principles. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:126101. [PMID: 17930522 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.126101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic voltammetry is a fundamental experimental method for characterizing electrochemical surfaces. Despite its wide use, a way to quantitatively and directly relate cyclic voltammetry to ab initio calculations has been lacking. We derive the cyclic voltammogram for H on Pt(111) and Pt(100), based solely on density functional theory calculations and standard molecular tables. By relating the gas phase adsorption energy to the electrochemical electrode potential, we provide a direct link between surface science and electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Karlberg
- Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, NanoDTU, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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22
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Abild-Pedersen F, Greeley J, Studt F, Rossmeisl J, Munter TR, Moses PG, Skúlason E, Bligaard T, Nørskov JK. Scaling properties of adsorption energies for hydrogen-containing molecules on transition-metal surfaces. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:016105. [PMID: 17678168 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.016105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 784] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations are presented for CHx, x=0,1,2,3, NHx, x=0,1,2, OHx, x=0,1, and SHx, x=0,1 adsorption on a range of close-packed and stepped transition-metal surfaces. We find that the adsorption energy of any of the molecules considered scales approximately with the adsorption energy of the central, C, N, O, or S atom, the scaling constant depending only on x. A model is proposed to understand this behavior. The scaling model is developed into a general framework for estimating the reaction energies for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Abild-Pedersen
- Center for Atomic-scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, NanoDTU, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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23
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Karlberg GS, Rossmeisl J, Nørskov JK. Estimations of electric field effects on the oxygen reduction reaction based on the density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:5158-61. [PMID: 17878993 DOI: 10.1039/b705938h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By varying the external electric field in density functional theory (DFT) calculations we have estimated the impact of the local electric field in the electric double layer on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Potentially, including the local electric field could change adsorption energies and barriers substantially, thereby affecting the reaction mechanism predicted for ORR on different metals. To estimate the effect of local electric fields on ORR we combine the DFT results at various external electric field strengths with a previously developed model of electrochemical reactions which fully accounts for the effect of the electrode potential. We find that the local electric field only slightly affects the output of the model. Hence, the general picture obtained without inclusion of the electric field still persists. However, for accurate predictions at oxygen reduction potentials close to the volcano top local electric field effects may be of importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Karlberg
- Center for Atomic-scale Materials Design (CAMD), Department of Physics, Nano-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
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24
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Hellman A, Baerends EJ, Biczysko M, Bligaard T, Christensen CH, Clary DC, Dahl S, van Harrevelt R, Honkala K, Jonsson H, Kroes GJ, Luppi M, Manthe U, Nørskov JK, Olsen RA, Rossmeisl J, Skúlason E, Tautermann CS, Varandas AJC, Vincent JK. Predicting Catalysis: Understanding Ammonia Synthesis from First-Principles Calculations. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:17719-35. [PMID: 16956255 DOI: 10.1021/jp056982h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here, we give a full account of a large collaborative effort toward an atomic-scale understanding of modern industrial ammonia production over ruthenium catalysts. We show that overall rates of ammonia production can be determined by applying various levels of theory (including transition state theory with or without tunneling corrections, and quantum dynamics) to a range of relevant elementary reaction steps, such as N(2) dissociation, H(2) dissociation, and hydrogenation of the intermediate reactants. A complete kinetic model based on the most relevant elementary steps can be established for any given point along an industrial reactor, and the kinetic results can be integrated over the catalyst bed to determine the industrial reactor yield. We find that, given the present uncertainties, the rate of ammonia production is well-determined directly from our atomic-scale calculations. Furthermore, our studies provide new insight into several related fields, for instance, gas-phase and electrochemical ammonia synthesis. The success of predicting the outcome of a catalytic reaction from first-principles calculations supports our point of view that, in the future, theory will be a fully integrated tool in the search for the next generation of catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hellman
- Haldor Topsøe A/S, Nymøllevej 55, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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25
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Díaz C, Vincent JK, Krishnamohan GP, Olsen RA, Kroes GJ, Honkala K, Nørskov JK. Multidimensional effects on dissociation of N2 on Ru(0001). Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:096102. [PMID: 16606281 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.096102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The applicability of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation to molecule-metal surface reactions is presently a topic of intense debate. We have performed classical trajectory calculations on a prototype activated dissociation reaction, of N2 on Ru(0001), using a potential energy surface based on density functional theory. The computed reaction probabilities are in good agreement with molecular beam experiments. Comparison to previous calculations shows that the rotation of N2 and its motion along the surface affect the reactivity of N2 much more than nonadiabatic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Díaz
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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26
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Mortensen JJ, Kaasbjerg K, Frederiksen SL, Nørskov JK, Sethna JP, Jacobsen KW. Bayesian error estimation in density-functional theory. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:216401. [PMID: 16384163 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.216401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a practical scheme for performing error estimates for density-functional theory calculations. The approach, which is based on ideas from Bayesian statistics, involves creating an ensemble of exchange-correlation functionals by comparing with an experimental database of binding energies for molecules and solids. Fluctuations within the ensemble can then be used to estimate errors relative to experiment on calculated quantities such as binding energies, bond lengths, and vibrational frequencies. It is demonstrated that the error bars on energy differences may vary by orders of magnitude for different systems in good agreement with existing experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Mortensen
- CAMP and Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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27
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Honkala K, Hellman A, Remediakis IN, Logadottir A, Carlsson A, Dahl S, Christensen CH, Nørskov JK. Ammonia Synthesis from First-Principles Calculations. Science 2005; 307:555-8. [PMID: 15681379 DOI: 10.1126/science.1106435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 658] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The rate of ammonia synthesis over a nanoparticle ruthenium catalyst can be calculated directly on the basis of a quantum chemical treatment of the problem using density functional theory. We compared the results to measured rates over a ruthenium catalyst supported on magnesium aluminum spinel. When the size distribution of ruthenium particles measured by transmission electron microscopy was used as the link between the catalyst material and the theoretical treatment, the calculated rate was within a factor of 3 to 20 of the experimental rate. This offers hope for computer-based methods in the search for catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Honkala
- Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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28
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Nørskov JK, Rossmeisl J, Logadottir A, Lindqvist L, Kitchin JR, Bligaard T, Jónsson H. Origin of the Overpotential for Oxygen Reduction at a Fuel-Cell Cathode. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp047349j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6370] [Impact Index Per Article: 318.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Kitchin JR, Nørskov JK, Barteau MA, Chen JG. Role of strain and ligand effects in the modification of the electronic and chemical properties of bimetallic surfaces. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:156801. [PMID: 15524919 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.156801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 640] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2004] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Periodic density functional calculations are used to illustrate how the combination of strain and ligand effects modify the electronic and surface chemical properties of Ni, Pd, and Pt monolayers supported on other transition metals. Strain and the ligand effects are shown to change the width of the surface d band, which subsequently moves up or down in energy to maintain a constant band filling. Chemical properties such as the dissociative adsorption energy of hydrogen are controlled by changes induced in the average energy of the d band by modification of the d-band width.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Kitchin
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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30
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Baraldi A, Lizzit S, Comelli G, Kiskinova M, Rosei R, Honkala K, Nørskov JK. Spectroscopic link between adsorption site occupation and local surface chemical reactivity. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:046101. [PMID: 15323775 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.046101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter we show that sequences of adsorbate-induced shifts of surface core level (SCL) x-ray photoelectron spectra contain profound information on surface changes of electronic structure and reactivity. Energy shifts and intensity changes of time-lapsed spectral components follow simple rules, from which adsorption sites are directly determined. Theoretical calculations rationalize the results for transition metal surfaces in terms of the energy shift of the d-band center of mass and this proves that adsorbate-induced SCL shifts provide a spectroscopic measure of local surface reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baraldi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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31
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Kitchin JR, Nørskov JK, Barteau MA, Chen JG. Modification of the surface electronic and chemical properties of Pt(111) by subsurface 3d transition metals. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:10240-6. [PMID: 15268048 DOI: 10.1063/1.1737365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 573] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification of the electronic and chemical properties of Pt(111) surfaces by subsurface 3d transition metals was studied using density-functional theory. In each case investigated, the Pt surface d-band was broadened and lowered in energy by interactions with the subsurface 3d metals, resulting in weaker dissociative adsorption energies of hydrogen and oxygen on these surfaces. The magnitude of the decrease in adsorption energy was largest for the early 3d transition metals and smallest for the late 3d transition metals. In some cases, dissociative adsorption was calculated to be endothermic. The surfaces investigated in this study had no lateral strain in them, demonstrating that strain is not a necessary factor in the modification of bimetallic surface properties. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of catalyst design, particularly for fuel cell electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Kitchin
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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32
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33
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Wahlström E, Lopez N, Schaub R, Thostrup P, Rønnau A, Africh C, Laegsgaard E, Nørskov JK, Besenbacher F. Bonding of gold nanoclusters to oxygen vacancies on rutile TiO2(110). Phys Rev Lett 2003; 90:026101. [PMID: 12570557 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.026101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Through an interplay between scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we show that bridging oxygen vacancies are the active nucleation sites for Au clusters on the rutile TiO2(110) surface. We find that a direct correlation exists between a decrease in density of vacancies and the amount of Au deposited. From the DFT calculations we find that the oxygen vacancy is indeed the strongest Au binding site. We show both experimentally and theoretically that a single oxygen vacancy can bind 3 Au atoms on average. In view of the presented results, a new growth model for the TiO2(110) system involving vacancy-cluster complex diffusion is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wahlström
- CAMP, iNANO and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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34
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35
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Jóhannesson GH, Bligaard T, Ruban AV, Skriver HL, Jacobsen KW, Nørskov JK. Combined electronic structure and evolutionary search approach to materials design. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:255506. [PMID: 12097098 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.255506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We show that density functional theory calculations have reached an accuracy and speed making it possible to use them in conjunction with an evolutionary algorithm to search for materials with specific properties. The approach is illustrated by finding the most stable four component alloys out of the 192 016 possible fcc and bcc alloys that can be constructed out of 32 different metals. A number of well known and new "super alloys" are identified in this way.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Jóhannesson
- Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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36
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Schaub R, Thostrup P, Lopez N, Laegsgaard E, Stensgaard I, Nørskov JK, Besenbacher F. Oxygen vacancies as active sites for water dissociation on rutile TiO(2)(110). Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:266104. [PMID: 11800845 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.266104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Through an interplay between scanning tunneling microscopy experiments and density functional theory calculations, we determine unambiguously the active surface site responsible for the dissociation of water molecules adsorbed on rutile TiO(2)(110). Oxygen vacancies in the surface layer are shown to dissociate H(2)O through the transfer of one proton to a nearby oxygen atom, forming two hydroxyl groups for every vacancy. The amount of water dissociation is limited by the density of oxygen vacancies present on the clean surface exclusively. The dissociation process sets in as soon as molecular water is able to diffuse to the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schaub
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy and CAMP, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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37
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39
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Bollinger MV, Lauritsen JV, Jacobsen KW, Nørskov JK, Helveg S, Besenbacher F. One-dimensional metallic edge states in MoS2. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:196803. [PMID: 11690441 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.196803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
By the use of density functional calculations it is shown that the edges of a two-dimensional slab of insulating MoS2 exhibit several metallic states. These edge states can be viewed as one-dimensional conducting wires, and we show that they can be observed directly using scanning tunneling microscopy for single-layer MoS2 nanoparticles grown on a support.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Bollinger
- Center for Atomic-scale Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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40
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Thostrup P, Christoffersen E, Lorensen HT, Jacobsen KW, Besenbacher F, Nørskov JK. Adsorption-induced step formation. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:126102. [PMID: 11580529 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.126102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Through an interplay between density functional calculations, Monte Carlo simulations and scanning tunneling microscopy experiments, we show that an intermediate coverage of CO on the Pt(110) surface gives rise to a new rough equilibrium structure with more than 50% step atoms. CO is shown to bind so strongly to low-coordinated Pt atoms that it can break Pt-Pt bonds and spontaneously form steps on the surface. It is argued that adsorption-induced step formation may be a general effect, in particular at high gas pressures and temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Thostrup
- CAMP, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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41
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Jacobsen CJ, Dahl S, Clausen BS, Bahn S, Logadottir A, Nørskov JK. Catalyst design by interpolation in the periodic table: bimetallic ammonia synthesis catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:8404-5. [PMID: 11516293 DOI: 10.1021/ja010963d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C J Jacobsen
- Haldor Topsøe A/S, Nymøllevej 55, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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42
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Feibelman
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1413, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany, Motorola Corporation, Computational Materials Group, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1415, and Department of
| | - B. Hammer
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1413, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany, Motorola Corporation, Computational Materials Group, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1415, and Department of
| | - J. K. Nørskov
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1413, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany, Motorola Corporation, Computational Materials Group, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1415, and Department of
| | - F. Wagner
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1413, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany, Motorola Corporation, Computational Materials Group, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1415, and Department of
| | - M. Scheffler
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1413, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany, Motorola Corporation, Computational Materials Group, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1415, and Department of
| | - R. Stumpf
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1413, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany, Motorola Corporation, Computational Materials Group, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1415, and Department of
| | - R. Watwe
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1413, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany, Motorola Corporation, Computational Materials Group, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1415, and Department of
| | - J. Dumesic
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1413, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany, Motorola Corporation, Computational Materials Group, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1415, and Department of
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44
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45
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Mavrikakis M, Hansen LB, Mortensen JJ, Hammer B, Nørskov JK. Dissociation of N 2, NO, and CO on Transition Metal Surfaces. ACS Symposium Series 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-1999-0721.ch019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mavrikakis
- Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - L. B. Hansen
- Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J. J. Mortensen
- Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - B. Hammer
- Institute of Physics, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - J. K. Nørskov
- Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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