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Klaminder J, Krab EJ, Larsbo M, Jonsson H, Fransson J, Koestel J. Holes in the tundra: Invasive earthworms alter soil structure and moisture in tundra soils. Sci Total Environ 2023; 859:160125. [PMID: 36379337 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Human introductions have resulted in earthworms establishing in the Arctic, species known to cause cascading ecosystem change. However, few quantitative outdoor experiments have been performed that describe how these soil modifying earthworms are reshaping structures in tundra soils. In this study, we used three-dimensional (3-D) X-ray images of soil cores (approximately 10 cm diameter, 20 cm height, N = 48) to assess how earthworms (Aporrectodea sp. and Lumbricus sp.) affect soil structure and macropore networks in an outdoor mesocosm experiment that lasted four summers. Effects were assessed in both shrub-dominated (heath) and herb-dominated (meadow) tundra. Earthworms almost doubled the macroporosity in meadow soils and tripled macroporosity in heath. Interestingly, the fractal dimension of macropores decreased in response to earthworm burrowing in both systems, indicating that the presence of earthworms reduced the geometric complexity in comparison to other pore-generating processes active in the tundra. Observed effects on soil structure occurred along with a dramatically reduced soil moisture content, which was observed the first winter after earthworm introduction in the meadow. Our findings suggest that predictions of future changes in vegetation and soil carbon pools in the Arctic should include major impacts on soil properties that earthworms induce.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Klaminder
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-98107 Abisko, Sweden.
| | - E J Krab
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-98107 Abisko, Sweden; Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Larsbo
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Jonsson
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-98107 Abisko, Sweden
| | - J Fransson
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-98107 Abisko, Sweden
| | - J Koestel
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Soil quality and Soil Use, Agroscope, Reckenholzstr. 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland
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Auðunsson AB, Elíasson GJ, Steingrímsson E, Aspelund T, Sigurdsson S, Launer L, Gudnason V, Jonsson H. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis in elderly Icelanders and its association with the metabolic syndrome: the AGES-Reykjavik Study. Scand J Rheumatol 2021; 50:314-318. [PMID: 33682605 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2020.1846779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To describe the prevalence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) in a large population-based study of elderly Icelanders, with particular reference to weight-related factors and the metabolic syndrome.Method: The study population comprised 5321 participants aged 68-96 years (2276 males, mean ± sd age 76 ± 5 , and 3045 females, age 77 ± 6) from the AGES-Reykjavik Study. DISH diagnosis was based on computed tomography (CT) scans, and interpreted strictly by the Resnick criteria and additional suggestions for CT interpretation by Oudkerk et al. Radiology readings were taken by a radiology resident and sample readings by two experienced radiologists.Results: A diagnosis of DISH was made in 13.7% of males and 2.8% of females. There was no association with age, but a strong association was seen with the metabolic syndrome [odds ratio (OR) 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.69-2.64, p = 3.9 × 10-11]. Among the components of the metabolic syndrome, the association with DISH was significant for the insulin resistance criterion (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.32-2.01, p < 0.001) and the body mass index (BMI) criterion (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.70-2.74, p < 0.001). Other weight-related variables (midlife BMI, weight, and abdominal circumference) showed similar associations.Conclusions: This study, which to our knowledge is the largest published study on the prevalence of DISH, shows an association with the metabolic syndrome, particularly with the insulin resistance and BMI criteria. This is analogous with previous reports linking DISH with metabolic causes. In this age category, we did not observe any increase in prevalence with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Auðunsson
- Department of Radiology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - G J Elíasson
- Department of Radiology, Domus Medica, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - T Aspelund
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - L Launer
- National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - V Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - H Jonsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.,Department of Rheumatology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland
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3
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Turmezei TD, Treece GM, Gee AH, Sigurdsson S, Jonsson H, Aspelund T, Gudnason V, Poole KES. Quantitative 3D imaging parameters improve prediction of hip osteoarthritis outcome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4127. [PMID: 32139721 PMCID: PMC7058047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59977-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is an increasingly important health problem for which the main treatment remains joint replacement. Therapy developments have been hampered by a lack of biomarkers that can reliably predict disease, while 2D radiographs interpreted by human observers are still the gold standard for clinical trial imaging assessment. We propose a 3D approach using computed tomography—a fast, readily available clinical technique—that can be applied in the assessment of osteoarthritis using a new quantitative 3D analysis technique called joint space mapping (JSM). We demonstrate the application of JSM at the hip in 263 healthy older adults from the AGES-Reykjavík cohort, examining relationships between 3D joint space width, 3D joint shape, and future joint replacement. Using JSM, statistical shape modelling, and statistical parametric mapping, we show an 18% improvement in prediction of joint replacement using 3D metrics combined with radiographic Kellgren & Lawrence grade (AUC 0.86) over the existing 2D FDA-approved gold standard of minimum 2D joint space width (AUC 0.73). We also show that assessment of joint asymmetry can reveal significant differences between individuals destined for joint replacement versus controls at regions of the joint that are not captured by radiographs. This technique is immediately implementable with standard imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Turmezei
- Department of Radiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK.
| | - G M Treece
- Cambridge University Engineering Department, Cambridge, UK
| | - A H Gee
- Cambridge University Engineering Department, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - H Jonsson
- Department of Rheumatology, Landspitalinn University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - T Aspelund
- Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - V Gudnason
- Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - K E S Poole
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Glintborg B, Lindström U, Aaltonen K, Kristianslund EK, Gudbjornsson B, Chatzidionysiou K, Askling J, Nordström D, Hetland ML, Di Giuseppe D, Dreyer L, Kristensen LE, Jørgensen TS, Eklund K, Grondal G, Ernestam S, Joensuu J, Törmänen MRK, Skydsgaard H, Hagfors J, Kvien TK, Lie E, Fagerli K, Geirsson AJ, Jonsson H, Provan SA, Krogh NS, Jacobsson LTH. Biological treatment in ankylosing spondylitis in the Nordic countries during 2010–2016: a collaboration between five biological registries. Scand J Rheumatol 2018; 47:465-474. [DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2018.1444199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Glintborg
- Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Gentofte Hospital, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - U Lindström
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K Aaltonen
- Pharmaceuticals Pricing Board, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - EK Kristianslund
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Gudbjornsson
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - K Chatzidionysiou
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Askling
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Nordström
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - ML Hetland
- Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Di Giuseppe
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Dreyer
- Department of Rheumatology, Gentofte Hospital, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - LE Kristensen
- The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - TS Jørgensen
- The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - K Eklund
- Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Grondal
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - S Ernestam
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Joensuu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki,Finland
| | - MRK Törmänen
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Skydsgaard
- The Danish Rheumatism Association, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Hagfors
- Norwegian Rheumatism Association, Oslo, Norway
| | - TK Kvien
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Lie
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Fagerli
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - AJ Geirsson
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - H Jonsson
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - SA Provan
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - LTH Jacobsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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5
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Gerhardsson C, Jonsson H. Experience of Therapeutic Occupations in Schizophrenic Subjects: Clinical Observations Organized in Terms of the Flow Theory. Scand J Occup Ther 2017; 3:149-155. [DOI: 10.1080/11038128.1996.11933201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - H. Jonsson
- Stockholm University College of Health Sciences and Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Engström J, Bruno E, Reinius H, Fröjd C, Jonsson H, Sannervik J, Larsson A. Physiological changes associated with routine nursing procedures in critically ill are common: an observational pilot study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2017; 61:62-72. [PMID: 27813055 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing procedures that are routinely performed in the intensive care unit (ICU) are assumed to have minimal side effects. However, these procedures may sometimes cause physiological changes that negatively affect the patient. We hypothesized that physiological changes associated with routine nursing procedures in the ICU are common. METHODS A clinical observational study of 16 critically ill patients in a nine-bed mixed university hospital ICU. All nursing procedures were observed, and physiological data were collected and subsequently analyzed. Minor physiological changes were defined as minimal changes in respiratory or circulatory variables, and major physiological changes were marked as hyper/hypotension, bradycardia/tachycardia, bradypnea/tachypnea, ventilatory distress, and peripheral blood oxygen desaturation. RESULTS In the 16 patients, 668 procedures generated 158 major and 692 minor physiological changes during 187 observational hours. The most common procedure was patient position change, which also generated the majority of the physiological changes. The most common major physiological changes were blood oxygen desaturation, ventilatory distress, and hypotension, and the most common minor changes were arterial pressure alteration, coughing, and increase in respiratory rate. CONCLUSION In this pilot study, we examined physiological changes in connection with all regular routine nursing procedures in the ICU. We found that physiological changes were common and sometimes severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Engström
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care; Department of Surgical Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - E. Bruno
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care; Department of Surgical Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - H. Reinius
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care; Department of Surgical Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - C. Fröjd
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care; Department of Surgical Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - H. Jonsson
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care; Department of Surgical Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - J. Sannervik
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care; Department of Surgical Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - A. Larsson
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care; Department of Surgical Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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7
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Thordardottir S, Vikingsdottir T, Bjarnadottir H, Jonsson H, Gudbjornsson B. Activation of Complement Following Total Hip Replacement. Scand J Immunol 2016; 83:219-24. [PMID: 26725858 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether complement activation, via the classical and alternative pathways, occurs following a cemented total hip replacement (THR) surgery due to osteoarthritis. Blood samples were collected systematically from 12 patients - six male and six women, with a median age of 75 (range: 59-90 years) - preoperatively, 6 h post-operatively and on the first, second and third post-operative day. Total function of classical (CH50) and alternative pathways (AH50) was evaluated, along with the determination of serum concentrations of the complement proteins C3, C4, C3d, the soluble terminal complement complex (sTCC) sC5b-9, as well as C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin. Measurements of CRP and albumin levels elucidated a marked inflammatory response following the operation. The CH50, AH50 and C3 and C4 levels were significantly lower 6 h after the surgery compared with the preoperative levels, but elevated above the preoperative levels during the following 3 days. The complement activation product C3d levels increased continually during the whole observation period, from 13.5 AU/ml (range: 8-19 AU/ml) preoperative to 20 AU/ml (range: 12-34 AU/ml) on the third post-operative day. Furthermore, we observed an increase in the sC5b-9 levels between the preoperative and the third post-operative day. These results demonstrate a significant activation of the complement system following cemented THR. Further studies are needed to elucidate the time frame and the pathogenic role of this observed complement activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thordardottir
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali - University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - T Vikingsdottir
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali - University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - H Bjarnadottir
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali - University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - H Jonsson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Landspitali - University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - B Gudbjornsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Centre for Rheumatology Research, Landspitali - University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Jonsson H, Johansson R, Andersson I, Zackrisson S. Abstract P2-04-02: Overdiagnosis in mammography screening in two randomised trials in Malmö, Sweden – An age specific analysis. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p2-04-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the current study was to estimate age-specific overdiagnosis due to mammography screening in the two randomized trials in Malmö, Sweden: The Malmö Mammographic Screening Trial I and II (MMST I and MMST II).
SETTING: Women living in Malmö were randomized in a 1:1 proportion to a screening group or a control group. The MMST I included 42,283 women born between 1908 and 1932 and the MMST II included 17,793 women born between 1933 and 1945. Women in the study group were invited from 1976 until 1990 when the control group was invited. The age at randomization was 45-70 years in MMST I and 43-48 years in MMST II.
METHODS: Data from the two trials were merged and overdiagnosis was estimated using age specific incidence rates excluding the first years of screening. The age specific relative breast cancer incidence rate for the screening group versus the control group was estimated and adjusted for lead time. Only the first breast cancer diagnosis was considered and results for invasive cancer and carcinoma in situ combined as well as for invasive cancer were calculated.
RESULTS: The number of breast cancer cases, including carcinoma in situ, for the period 1976-1989 was 867 and 676 for the study group and the control group, respectively. The rate ratio for overdiagnosis in age 43-78 years adjusted for lead time was 1.04 (95% CI, 0.93-1.16). No overdiagnosis from subsequent screening was found for women below the age of 60. In women aged 60-69 and 70-78 years overdiagnosis was estimated at 1.13 (0.95-1.33) and 1.15 (0.85-1.54), respectively. The corresponding results for invasive cancer only was lower and no overdiagnosis was seen except for the age group 60-69 years where the rate ratio was 1.10 (0.92-1.32). For age 43-78 the result was 0.96 (0.85-1.08).
CONCLUSIONS
For the total material overdiagnosis from subsequent screening, including carcinoma in situ, was 4%. This is somewhat lower than an earlier evaluation of MMST I where age were higher and another method was used. For women below the age of 60 no overdiagnosis was seen and indicated that the possible problem with overdiagnosis concern women 60+. However none of the results were statistically significant at the 5% level.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-04-02.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jonsson
- Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - R Johansson
- Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - I Andersson
- Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - S Zackrisson
- Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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9
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Fallahpour M, Jonsson H, Joghataei M, Nasrabadi A, Tham K. “I am not living my lifeâ€: Lived experience of participation in everyday occupations after stroke in Tehran. J Rehabil Med 2013; 45:528-34. [DOI: 10.2340/16501977-1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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10
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Abstract
Symptomatic spondylolysis is a stress reaction caused by microtrauma during physical exercise, an imaging diagnostic subgroup of Adolescent Low Back Pain (ALBP), found in adolescent athletes. Early diagnosis increases the possibility of healing. Thus, it is important to divide ALBP into subgroups. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical tests that can distinguish symptomatic spondylolysis from other forms of ALBP in order to facilitate early referral for diagnostic imaging. The investigation subjects were a prospective case series with a control group, 25 subjects with ALBP and 13 subjects that had no history of LBP. The 2 groups were examined using the same clinical protocol. MRI of the whole lumbar spine was performed in both the case and control groups and CT investigations of the L4 and L5 vertebrae were performed in the case group. Significant differences between the 2 groups were found in 8 of our clinical tests. No clinical test, alone or in combination, could distinguish between spondylolysis and other forms of ALBP. As 88% of the subjects in the case group had MRI findings and almost 50% had spondylolysis, MRI should be performed at an early age in young athletes with ALBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-G Sundell
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Sports Medicine Unit Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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11
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Moss S, Nyström L, Jonsson H, Paci E, Lynge E, Njor S, Broeders M. The Impact of Mammographic Screening on Breast Cancer Mortality in Europe: A Review of Trend Studies. J Med Screen 2012; 19 Suppl 1:26-32. [DOI: 10.1258/jms.2012.012079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sm Moss
- Professor of Cancer Epidemiology, Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute for Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - L Nyström
- Associate Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - H Jonsson
- Associate Professor of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - E Paci
- Director, Clinical and Descriptive Epidemiology Unit, ISPO, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - E Lynge
- Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Njor
- Post Doc, Centre for Epidemiology and Screening, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Broeders
- Senior Epidemiologist, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and HTA, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, and National Expert and Training Centre for Breast Cancer Screening, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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12
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Nagel G, Bjørge T, Stocks T, Manjer J, Hallmans G, Edlinger M, Häggström C, Engeland A, Johansen D, Kleiner A, Selmer R, Ulmer H, Tretli S, Jonsson H, Concin H, Stattin P, Lukanova A. Metabolic risk factors and skin cancer in the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project (Me-Can). Br J Dermatol 2012; 167:59-67. [PMID: 22530854 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the associations of metabolic aberrations with malignant melanoma (MM) and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). OBJECTIVES To assess the associations between metabolic factors (both individually and combined) and the risk of skin cancer in the large prospective Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project (Me-Can). METHODS During a mean follow-up of 12 years of the Me-Can cohort, 1728 (41% women) incident MM, 230 (23% women) fatal MM and 1145 (33% women) NMSC were identified. Most NMSC cases (76%) were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (873, 33% women). Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression for quintiles and standardized z-scores (with a mean of 0 and SD of 1) of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and for a combined metabolic syndrome score. Risk estimates were corrected for random error in the measurements. RESULTS Blood pressure per unit increase of z-score was associated with an increased risk of incident MM cases in men and women [HR 1·17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·04-1·31 and HR 1·18, 95% CI 1·03-1·36, respectively] and fatal MM cases among women (HR 2·39, 95% CI 1·58-3·64). In men, all quintiles for BMI above the reference were associated with a higher risk of incident MM. In women, SCC NMSC risk increased across quintiles for glucose levels (P-trend 0·02) and there was a trend with triglyceride concentration (P-trend 0·09). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that mechanisms linked to blood pressure may be involved in the pathogenesis of MM. SCC NMSC in women could be related to glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nagel
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 22, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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13
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Helgadottir H, Kristjansson E, Einarsson E, Karduna A, Jonsson H. Altered activity of the serratus anterior during unilateral arm elevation in patients with cervical disorders. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2011; 21:947-53. [PMID: 21889362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered activity in the axioscapular muscles is considered to be an important feature in patients with neck pain. The activity of the serratus anterior (SA) and trapezius muscles during arm elevation has not been investigated in these patients. The objectives of this study was to investigate whether there is a pattern of altered activity in the SA and trapezius in patients with insidious onset neck pain (IONP) (n=22) and whiplash associated disorders (WAD) (n=27). An asymptomatic group was selected for baseline measurements (n=23). Surface electromyography was used to measure the onset of muscle activation and duration of muscle activity of the SA as well as the upper, middle, and lower trapezius during unilateral arm elevation in the three subject groups. Both arms were tested. With no interaction, the main effect for the onset of muscle activation and duration of muscle activity for serratus anterior was statistically significant among the groups. Post hoc comparison revealed a significantly delayed onset of muscle activation and less duration of muscle activity in the IONP group, and in the WAD group compared to the asymptomatic group. There were no group main effects or interaction effects for upper, middle and lower trapezius. This finding may have implications for scapular stability in these patients because the altered activity in the SA may reflect inconsistent or poorly coordinated muscle activation that may reduce the quality of neuromuscular performance and induce an increased load on the cervical and the thoracic spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Helgadottir
- ManipTher, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Van Hemelrijck M, Stocks T, Jonsson H, Manjer J, Ulmer H, Bjorge T, Stattin P. Blood Pressure and Risk of Incident and Fatal Cancer in the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project (Me-Can) — Analysis of Seven Prospective Cohorts. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)70099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Morales R, Nenes A, Jonsson H, Flagan RC, Seinfeld JH. Evaluation of an entraining droplet activation parameterization using in situ cloud data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fallahpour M, Tham K, Joghataei MT, Jonsson H. Perceived participation and autonomy: Aspects of functioning and contextual factors predicting participation after stroke. J Rehabil Med 2011; 43:388-97. [DOI: 10.2340/16501977-0789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Panoutsopoulou K, Southam L, Elliott KS, Wrayner N, Zhai G, Beazley C, Thorleifsson G, Arden NK, Carr A, Chapman K, Deloukas P, Doherty M, McCaskie A, Ollier WER, Ralston SH, Spector TD, Valdes AM, Wallis GA, Wilkinson JM, Arden E, Battley K, Blackburn H, Blanco FJ, Bumpstead S, Cupples LA, Day-Williams AG, Dixon K, Doherty SA, Esko T, Evangelou E, Felson D, Gomez-Reino JJ, Gonzalez A, Gordon A, Gwilliam R, Halldorsson BV, Hauksson VB, Hofman A, Hunt SE, Ioannidis JPA, Ingvarsson T, Jonsdottir I, Jonsson H, Keen R, Kerkhof HJM, Kloppenburg MG, Koller N, Lakenberg N, Lane NE, Lee AT, Metspalu A, Meulenbelt I, Nevitt MC, O'Neill F, Parimi N, Potter SC, Rego-Perez I, Riancho JA, Sherburn K, Slagboom PE, Stefansson K, Styrkarsdottir U, Sumillera M, Swift D, Thorsteinsdottir U, Tsezou A, Uitterlinden AG, van Meurs JBJ, Watkins B, Wheeler M, Mitchell S, Zhu Y, Zmuda JM, Zeggini E, Loughlin J. Insights into the genetic architecture of osteoarthritis from stage 1 of the arcOGEN study. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 70:864-7. [PMID: 21177295 PMCID: PMC3070286 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.141473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The genetic aetiology of osteoarthritis has not yet been elucidated. To enable a well-powered genome-wide association study (GWAS) for osteoarthritis, the authors have formed the arcOGEN Consortium, a UK-wide collaborative effort aiming to scan genome-wide over 7500 osteoarthritis cases in a two-stage genome-wide association scan. Here the authors report the findings of the stage 1 interim analysis. Methods The authors have performed a genome-wide association scan for knee and hip osteoarthritis in 3177 cases and 4894 population-based controls from the UK. Replication of promising signals was carried out in silico in five further scans (44 449 individuals), and de novo in 14 534 independent samples, all of European descent. Results None of the association signals the authors identified reach genome-wide levels of statistical significance, therefore stressing the need for corroboration in sample sets of a larger size. Application of analytical approaches to examine the allelic architecture of disease to the stage 1 genome-wide association scan data suggests that osteoarthritis is a highly polygenic disease with multiple risk variants conferring small effects. Conclusions Identifying loci conferring susceptibility to osteoarthritis will require large-scale sample sizes and well-defined phenotypes to minimise heterogeneity.
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Nagel G, Concin H, Bjørge T, Rapp K, Manjer J, Hallmans G, Diem G, Häggström C, Engeland A, Almquist M, Jonsson H, Selmer R, Stocks T, Tretli S, Ulmer H, Stattin P, Lukanova A. Metabolic syndrome and rare gynecological cancers in the metabolic syndrome and cancer project (Me-Can). Ann Oncol 2010; 22:1339-1345. [PMID: 20966183 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk factors for rare gynecological cancers are largely unknown. Initial research has indicated that the metabolic syndrome (MetS) or individual components could play a role. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Metabolic syndrome and Cancer project cohort includes 288,834 women. During an average follow-up of 11 years, 82 vulvar, 26 vaginal and 43 other rare gynecological cancers were identified. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated fitting Cox proportional hazards regression models for tertiles and standardized z-scores [with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation (SD) of 1] of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and MetS. Risk estimates were corrected for random error in the measurement of metabolic factors. RESULTS The MetS was associated with increased risk of vulvar [HR 1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30-2.41) and vaginal cancer (HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.07-3.25). Among separate MetS components, 1 SD increase in BMI was associated with overall risk (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.23-1.66), vulvar (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.11-1.69) and vaginal cancer (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.30-2.46). Blood glucose and triglyceride concentrations were associated with increased risk of vulvar cancer (HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.10-3.58 and HR 2.09, 95% CI 1.39-3.15, respectively). CONCLUSION The results from this first prospective study on rare gynecological cancers suggest that the MetS and its individual components may play a role in the development of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nagel
- Institute of Epidemiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - H Concin
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria
| | - T Bjørge
- Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Bergen; Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo/Bergen, Norway
| | - K Rapp
- Institute of Epidemiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - J Manjer
- Department of Surgery, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö
| | - G Hallmans
- Departments of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research
| | - G Diem
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria
| | - C Häggström
- Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå
| | - A Engeland
- Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Bergen; Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo/Bergen, Norway
| | - M Almquist
- Department of Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund
| | - H Jonsson
- Department of Radiation Science, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - R Selmer
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo/Bergen, Norway
| | - T Stocks
- Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå
| | - S Tretli
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Ulmer
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Stattin
- Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå
| | - A Lukanova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Jonsson H, Bergdahl IA, Akerblom G, Eriksson K, Andersson K, Kagstrom L, Jarvholm B, Damber L. Lung cancer risk and radon exposure in a cohort of iron ore miners in Malmberget, Sweden. Occup Environ Med 2010; 67:519-25. [DOI: 10.1136/oem.2009.047449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bergdahl IA, Jonsson H, Eriksson K, Damber L, Jarvholm B. Lung cancer and exposure to quartz and diesel exhaust in Swedish iron ore miners with concurrent exposure to radon. Occup Environ Med 2010; 67:513-8. [DOI: 10.1136/oem.2009.047456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Long CN, Bucholtz A, Jonsson H, Schmid B, Vogelmann A, Wood J. A Method of Correcting for Tilt from Horizontal in Downwelling Shortwave Irradiance Measurements on Moving Platforms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2174/1874282301004010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The downwelling shortwave irradiance typically consists of both a direct component of radiation from the sun, and a diffuse component of scattered sunlight from the sky. Significant offsets can occur in downwelling shortwave irradiance measurements made from moving platforms due to the tilt of the instruments from horizontal which changes the angular orientation of the direct component of sunlight to the instrument and causes an artificial variation in the measured signal. To properly correct for this tilt, a-priori knowledge of the partitioning between the direct and diffuse components of the total shortwave irradiance is needed to properly apply a correction for tilt. This partitioning information can be adequately provided using a newly available commercial radiometer named the SPN1 that produces reasonable measurements of the total and diffuse shortwave irradiance (and by subtraction the direct shortwave irradiance) with no moving parts and regardless of azimuthal orientation. We have developed methodologies for determining the constant pitch and roll offsets of the radiometers for aircraft applications, and for applying a tilt correction to the total shortwave irradiance data. Results suggest that the methodology is accurate for tilt up to +/-10°, with 90% of the data corrected to within 10 Wm-2 at least for clear-sky data. Without a proper tilt correction, even data limited to 5° of tilt can still exhibit large errors, greater than 100 Wm-2 in some cases. Given the low cost, low weight, and low power consumption of the SPN1 total and diffuse radiometer, opportunities previously excluded for moving platform measurements such as small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and solar powered buoys now become feasible using our methodology. The increase in measurement accuracy is important, given current concerns over long-term climate variability and change especially over the 70% of the Earth's surface covered by ocean where long-term records of these measurements are sorely needed and must be made on ships and buoys.
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Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY There is little information about the prevalence of gastric ulcers in Standardbred trotters and potential correlations between ulcers and various traits, e.g. age, sex, performance, temperament and feeding regimens, need further elucidation. OBJECTIVES The prevalence of ulcers in the gastric squamous mucosa of Swedish Standardbreds was estimated and the associations between ulcer score and age, sex, performance, temperament and feeding regimens were determined. METHODS Eighty Swedish Standardbreds in active race training, trained by 9 different trainers, underwent gastroscopy. Information on age, gender, status of training, performance over the last 4 months compared with the trainer's expectations before that period, behaviour, eating habits, feed type, bedding type, time spent outdoors per day and medical treatment during the last month was collected. Gastroscopy was performed and lesions in the squamous gastric mucosa were scored from 0 to 4 (0 = no lesions; 4 = > 5 lesions with haemorrhage, > 10 lesions with no haemorrhage, or a large area of diffuse loss of surface epithelium). RESULTS Twenty-four (30%) of the horses had no lesions in the squamous mucosa, 22 (27.5%) had a score of 1; 21 (26.2%) score 2; 9 (11.2%) score 3; and 4 (5%) score 4. Horses that were in preparatory training and those that had raced during the last month were significantly more affected than horses that were fit for racing but had not raced during the last month, using a logistic regression model with trainer incorporated as a random effect. CONCLUSIONS The study confirmed a high prevalence of ulcers in the gastric squamous mucosa of Standardbreds in race training. Of the studied parameters only status of training showed a significant association with gastric ulcers of the squamous mucosa. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Gastric ulceration is a common disease and diagnosis should be made by endoscopic examination of the gastric mucosa, since parameters such as age, gender, performance, behaviour, eating habits provide only weak clues as to which horses might be affected. Further studies are needed to determine the aetiology of the syndrome and to find ways to reduce, if possible, the frequency of gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jonsson
- ATG:s Hästsjukhus Färjestad, Norra Infarten 82, SE-654 65 Karlstad, Sweden
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Eliasson GJ, Verbruggen G, Stefansson SE, Ingvarsson T, Jonsson H. Hand radiology characteristics of patients carrying the T303M mutation in the gene for matrilin‐3. Scand J Rheumatol 2009; 35:138-42. [PMID: 16641049 DOI: 10.1080/03009740500303215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the recently described hand osteoarthritis (HOA)-associated T(303)M mutation in the gene for matrilin-3 (MATN3) is associated with specific radiological changes on hand radiographs. METHOD Standard hand radiographs from 26 HOA patients carrying the T(303)M missense mutation in the MATN3 gene (T(303)M patients) were compared with those from 52 HOA controls matched for sex, age, and clinical disease severity. Two blinded readers scored the radiographs, using the Verbruggen-Veys anatomical scoring system for the interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints and the OARSI atlas scoring system for the first carpometacarpal (CMC1) joints. A scoring system based on the latter was used for the scaphoid-trapezoid-trapezoideum (STT) joints. RESULTS No particular distinguishing features were found in the T(303)M patients and the prevalence of erosive and cystic changes was similar to the control group. As a group, however, the T(303)M patients had more severe thumb-base affection, particularly in the STT joint. Thus, definite radiological OA in both CMC1 and STT joints and higher STT scores compared with CMC1 were significantly more common in patients carrying the T(303)M mutation. Radiological scores for joint-space narrowing (CMC1 and STT) and osteophytes (STT) were also significantly higher in the T(303)M patients. CONCLUSION Patients carrying the T(303)M mutation in the gene for matrilin-3 express a form of HOA that is radiologically indistinguishable from idiopathic HOA in individual patients but they have more severe thumb-base involvement, particularly in the STT joint. This is the first described genetic mutation that is associated with a common form of osteoarthritis.
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Jonsson H. On Systemic Lupus ErythematosusClinical studies with special reference to epidemiology, lung function and complement activation. Scand J Rheumatol 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/03009748909102111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hsieh WC, Nenes A, Flagan RC, Seinfeld JH, Buzorius G, Jonsson H. Parameterization of cloud droplet size distributions: Comparison with parcel models and observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hsieh WC, Jonsson H, Wang L, Buzorius G, Flagan RC, Seinfeld JH, Nenes A. On the representation of droplet coalescence and autoconversion: Evaluation using ambient cloud droplet size distributions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jonsson H, Eyjolfsson A, Scicluna S, Paulsson P, Johnsson P. Circulating particles during cardiac surgery. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2009; 8:538-42. [DOI: 10.1510/icvts.2008.187021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Jonsson H, Helgadottir GP, Aspelund T, Eiriksdottir G, Sigurdsson S, Ingvarsson T, Harris TB, Launer L, Gudnason V. Hand osteoarthritis in older women is associated with carotid and coronary atherosclerosis: the AGES Reykjavik study. Ann Rheum Dis 2008; 68:1696-700. [PMID: 19033292 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2008.096289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is evidence that atherosclerosis may contribute to the initiation or progression of osteoarthritis. To test this hypothesis, the presence and severity of hand osteoarthritis (HOA) was compared with markers of atherosclerotic vascular disease in an elderly population. PATIENTS AND METHODS The AGES Reykjavik Study is a population-based multidisciplinary study of ageing in the elderly population of Reykjavik. In a study of 2264 men (mean age 76 years; SD 6) and 3078 women (mean age 76 years; SD 6) the severity of HOA, scored from photographs, was compared with measures of atherosclerosis. These included carotid intimal thickness and plaque severity, coronary calcifications (CAC) and aortic calcifications and reported cardiac and cerebrovascular events. RESULTS After adjustment for confounders, both carotid plaque severity and CAC were significantly associated with HOA in women, with an odds ratio of 1.42 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.76, p = 0.002) for having CAC and 1.25 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.49, p = 0.016) for having moderate or severe carotid plaques. Both carotid plaques and CAC also exhibited significant linear trends in relation to HOA severity in women in the whole AGES Reykjavik cohort (p<0.001 and p = 0.027, respectively, for trend). No significant associations were seen in men. Despite this evidence of increased atherosclerosis, women with HOA did not report proportionally more previous cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate a linear association between the severity of HOA and atherosclerosis in older women. The pathological process of HOA seems to have some components in common with atherosclerosis. Prospective studies may help elucidate the possible mechanisms of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jonsson
- Landspitalinn University Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Iceland.
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Björ B, Burström L, Jonsson H, Nathanaelsson L, Damber L, Nilsson T. Fifty-year follow-up of mortality among a cohort of iron-ore miners in Sweden, with specific reference to myocardial infarction mortality. Occup Environ Med 2008; 66:264-8. [PMID: 19017687 DOI: 10.1136/oem.2008.040147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates both general mortality and mortality from myocardial infarction among men employed in iron-ore mines in Sweden. METHODS The mortality of employees (surface and underground workers) at the iron-ore mines in Malmberget and Kiruna, Sweden was investigated. The study cohort comprised men who had been employed for at least 1 year between 1923 and 1996. The causes of death were obtained from the national cause of death register from 1952 to 2001. Indirect standardised mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated for four main causes. Mortality specifically from myocardial infarction was also analysed. RESULTS 4504 deaths in the cohort gave an SMR for total mortality of 1.05 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.09). Mortality was significantly higher for lung cancer (SMR 1.73, 95% CI 1.52 to 1.97). There was an increased risk of injuries and poisonings (SMR 1.34, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.46) and respiratory diseases (SMR 1.14, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.28). There were 1477 cases of myocardial infarction, resulting in an SMR of 1.12 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.18). SMR was higher (1.35, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.50) for men aged <or=60 years than for those >60 years of age (1.06, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.13). CONCLUSIONS Mortality from myocardial infarction was higher than expected. There was also an increased risk of death from injuries and poisonings, lung cancer and respiratory diseases, as well as higher general mortality. Our findings support the results of previous studies that there is an association between working in the mining industry and adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Björ
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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Abstract
There is interest in estimating and attributing temporal changes in incidence of breast cancer in relation to the initiation of screening programmes, in particular to estimation of overdiagnosis of breast cancer as a result of screening. In this paper, we show how screening introduces complexities of analysis and interpretation of incidence data. For example, lead time brings forward time- and age-related increases in incidence. In addition, risk factors such as hormone replacement therapy use have been changing contemporaneously with the introduction of screening. Although we do not indicate exactly how such complexities should be corrected for, we use some simple informal adjustments to show how they may account for a substantial proportion of increased incidence, which might otherwise erroneously have been attributed to overdiagnosis. We illustrate this using an example of analysis of breast cancer incidence data from Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Duffy
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Charterhouse Square, London EC1 M 6BQ, UK.
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Bergström U, Björnstig U, Stenlund H, Jonsson H, Svensson O. Fracture mechanisms and fracture pattern in men and women aged 50 years and older: a study of a 12-year population-based injury register, Umeå, Sweden. Osteoporos Int 2008; 19:1267-73. [PMID: 18214568 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-007-0549-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In a study of a 12-year population-based injury register, Umeå, Sweden, we analyzed the fracture mechanisms and fracture pattern in men and women 50 years and older. Low-energy trauma was responsible for the major and costliest part of the fracture panorama, but the pattern differs between age groups. INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis-related fracture is a major health problem: the number of hip fractures is expected to double to 2030. While osteoporosis is one of many risk factors, trauma is almost always involved. Therefore, we analyzed injury mechanisms in patients aged over 50. METHODS We registered injury mechanism, cause, diagnosis in all trauma patients at Umeå University hospital, Sweden. This population-based register (1993-2004) comprises a total of 113,668 injuries (29,189 fractures). Patients >or=50 years contributed to 13,279 fractures. RESULTS Low-energy trauma (fall <1 m) caused 53% of all fractures >or=50 years and older. In those over 75 low-energy trauma caused >80%. The seasonal variation of fractures was maximally 25%. With increasing age, proximal fractures became more common, in both upper and lower extremities. Proximal locations predominate in older age groups. CONCLUSIONS Low-energy trauma was responsible for the largest and costliest part of the fracture panorama. In fact, almost all fractures in middle-aged and old people were caused by low-energy mechanisms; thus, most fractures in these patients have a fragility component, and the contribution of osteoporosis-related fractures is more important than previously thought. A better understanding of injury mechanisms also in low-energy trauma is a prerequisite for preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Bergström
- Department of Orthopaedics, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden.
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Bjornsson GL, Thorsteinsson L, Gudmundsson KO, Jonsson H, Gudmundsson S, Gudbjornsson B. Inflammatory cytokines in relation to adrenal response following total hip replacement. Scand J Immunol 2007; 65:99-105. [PMID: 17212773 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate the initiation and course of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in early inflammatory response and to elucidate the cytokine system in relation to the adrenal response caused by stress. Seven blood samples were collected, pre- and postoperatively (0-72 h) after total hip replacement (THR) due to osteoarthritis. The following cytokines were measured using Cytometric Bead Array: interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, IL-8, IL-12 and IL-10 (B&D). Thirteen patients took part in the study (67 +/- 9 years). C-reactive protein increased from <6 to over 200 mg/l on the second post-op day. The concentration of IL-6 increased 10-fold just 3 h post-op (4-47 pg/ml) and reached its maximum value 6 h post-op (77 pg/ml; Wilcoxon test P < 0.01) Repeated measurements were also significant (Friedman P < 0.05). The concentration of IL-8 doubled the day of surgery but did not reach a significant level (Friedman test =0.069). None of the other cytokines showed any significant changes. The diurnal cortisol rhythm was interrupted after the surgery and there was a significant correlation between the cortisol secretion and IL-6 response. This study demonstrates an isolated elevation in IL-6 levels with only a minor elevation in IL-8 following THR. This pro-inflammatory response seemed to decline without activation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), but cortisol seemed to play a complicated role in halting the acute inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Bjornsson
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Hellman A, Baerends EJ, Biczysko M, Bligaard T, Christensen CH, Clary DC, Dahl S, van Harrevelt R, Honkala K, Jonsson H, Kroes GJ, Luppi M, Manthe U, Nørskov JK, Olsen RA, Rossmeisl J, Skúlason E, Tautermann CS, Varandas AJC, Vincent JK. Predicting Catalysis: Understanding Ammonia Synthesis from First-Principles Calculations. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:17719-35. [PMID: 16956255 DOI: 10.1021/jp056982h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here, we give a full account of a large collaborative effort toward an atomic-scale understanding of modern industrial ammonia production over ruthenium catalysts. We show that overall rates of ammonia production can be determined by applying various levels of theory (including transition state theory with or without tunneling corrections, and quantum dynamics) to a range of relevant elementary reaction steps, such as N(2) dissociation, H(2) dissociation, and hydrogenation of the intermediate reactants. A complete kinetic model based on the most relevant elementary steps can be established for any given point along an industrial reactor, and the kinetic results can be integrated over the catalyst bed to determine the industrial reactor yield. We find that, given the present uncertainties, the rate of ammonia production is well-determined directly from our atomic-scale calculations. Furthermore, our studies provide new insight into several related fields, for instance, gas-phase and electrochemical ammonia synthesis. The success of predicting the outcome of a catalytic reaction from first-principles calculations supports our point of view that, in the future, theory will be a fully integrated tool in the search for the next generation of catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hellman
- Haldor Topsøe A/S, Nymøllevej 55, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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Bordás P, Jonsson H, Nyström L, Lenner P. Survival from invasive breast cancer among interval cases in the mammography screening programmes of northern Sweden. Breast 2006; 16:47-54. [PMID: 16875820 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2006.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Revised: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate breast cancer survival according to detection mode for 5120 women with invasive breast cancer, in particular for those detected in the screening intervals. We found a significant survival difference in favour of women with cancer detected in the screening intervals (n=729) compared with those uninvited (n=1879) during the 13-year follow-up. Detection mode was proven to modify the prognostic effect of stage. Women with stage I interval cancer had shorter survival and those with stage II had longer survival than expected. It is suggested that interval cancers might consist of two subgroups with different behaviour: one of fast-growing tumours presenting as stage I cases and another of slow-growing tumours presenting as stage II+ cases. A hypothesis related to this observation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bordás
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Andrews E, Sheridan PJ, Fiebig M, McComiskey A, Ogren JA, Arnott P, Covert D, Elleman R, Gasparini R, Collins D, Jonsson H, Schmid B, Wang J. Comparison of methods for deriving aerosol asymmetry parameter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hallar AG, Strawa AW, Schmid B, Andrews E, Ogren J, Sheridan P, Ferrare R, Covert D, Elleman R, Jonsson H, Bokarius K, Luu A. Atmospheric Radiation Measurements Aerosol Intensive Operating Period: Comparison of aerosol scattering during coordinated flights. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Schmid B, Ferrare R, Flynn C, Elleman R, Covert D, Strawa A, Welton E, Turner D, Jonsson H, Redemann J, Eilers J, Ricci K, Hallar AG, Clayton M, Michalsky J, Smirnov A, Holben B, Barnard J. How well do state-of-the-art techniques measuring the vertical profile of tropospheric aerosol extinction compare? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
The forkhead (Fox) gene family comprises a diverse group of "winged-helix" transcription factors that play important roles in development, metabolism, cancer and aging. Recently, several forkhead genes have been demonstrated to play critical roles in lymphocyte development and effector function, including Foxp3 in the development of regulatory T cells, Foxj1 and Foxo3a in the regulation of CD4+ T cell tolerance, and Foxn1 in thymic development. Roles for other forkhead genes have also been proposed, including Foxp1 in macrophage differentiation, Foxq1 in natural killer cell effector function and Foxd2 in T cell activation. Thus, forkhead genes promise insight into the mechanisms of immunoregulation in several immune cell lineages, and their dysregulation likely contributes to the pathogenesis of several immunological disorders, suggesting that their study will lead to the development of novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jonsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Bordás P, Jonsson H, Nyström L, Cajander S, Lenner P. Early breast cancer deaths in women aged 40–74 years diagnosed during the first 5 years of organised mammography service screening in north Sweden. Breast 2004; 13:276-83. [PMID: 15325661 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2004.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2004] [Revised: 04/05/2004] [Accepted: 04/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse individual cases of lethal breast cancer and not to evaluate the screening programme. Women aged 40-74 years who were diagnosed with breast cancer in 1990-94 and died on or before 31 December 1998, during the gradual introduction of organised mammography service screening in north Sweden, were included in the study. Out of 342 breast cancer deaths, 280 (82%) were in symptomatic patients whose cancers were clinically detected. Most breast cancers that proved fatal were already in an advanced stage and/or of high histological grade at the time of detection. A shift towards a lower stage was seen among screen-detected and interval-detected fatal cases. In a few of the cases with fatal outcome, in patients primarily presenting with histological grade I tumours of various sizes or small screen-detected tumours less than 10mm in size, early diagnosis by mammography followed by state-of-the-art treatment did not seem to have been enough to prevent death.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bordás
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Sweden.
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Jonsson H, Sandnes KV, Schiedek D, Schneider R, Grøsvik BE, Goksøyr A. Development of two novel CYP-antibodies and their use in a PCB exposure experiment with Mytilus edulis. Mar Environ Res 2004; 58:655-658. [PMID: 15178094 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2004.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to learn more about the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system of mussels, we used protein databases and alignment software to extract highly conserved CYP sequences. From these alignments synthetic peptides were produced and used for rabbit immunisation, which yielded polyclonal antibodies against the CYP families 2 and 4. The antibodies were evaluated with Western Blot and ELISA assays, using digestive gland microsomal samples from the mussel Mytilus edulis. Western Blots revealed immunoreactions for both antibodies. The anti-CYP2 sequence rendered one major immunopositive protein of approximately 49 kDa size, and weak signals for proteins of approximately 41 and 56 kDa size. The anti-CYP4 sequence rendered two major bands of approximately 56 and 59 kDa size, and also a weak immunoreaction with a protein of approximately 43 kDa size. ELISA rendered only weak signals even with a 1:50 dilution of IgG-purified serum. A 10-day exposure to Aroclor 1254 did not appear to affect any of the immunopositive proteins, while total PCBs in soft bodies increased from 14-40 ng/g DW in controls to 373-638 ng/g DW in exposed mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jonsson
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Baltic Sea Research Institute, Seestrasse 15, D-18119 Rostock, Germany.
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Pedersen C, Jonsson H, Lindberg JE, Roos S. Microbiological characterization of wet wheat distillers' grain, with focus on isolation of lactobacilli with potential as probiotics. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:1522-7. [PMID: 15006774 PMCID: PMC368301 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.3.1522-1527.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wet wheat distillers' grain (WWDG), a residue from ethanol fermentation, was examined from a microbiological perspective. After storage, WWDG was characterized by a high content of lactobacilli, nondetectable levels of other bacteria, occasional occurrence of yeasts, and a pH of about 3.6 and contained a mixture of lactic acid, acetic acid, and ethanol. The composition of lactobacilli in WWDG was simple, including primarily the species Lactobacillus amylolyticus, Lactobacillus panis, and Lactobacillus pontis, as determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Since the use of WWDG as pig feed has indicated a health-promoting function, some relevant characteristics of three strains of each of these species were examined together with basal physiological parameters, such as carbohydrate utilization and growth temperature. Seven of the strains were isolated from WWDG, and two strains from pig feces were included for comparison. It was clear that all three species could grow at temperatures of 45 to 50 degrees C, with L. amylolyticus being able to grow at temperatures as high as 54 degrees C. This finding could be the explanation for the simple microflora of WWDG, where a low pH together with a high temperature during storage would select for these organisms. Some strains of L. panis and L. pontis showed prolonged survival at pH 2.5 in synthetic stomach juice and good growth in the presence of porcine bile salt. In addition, members of all three species were able to bind to immobilized mucus material in vitro. Especially the isolates from pig feces but, interestingly, some isolates from WWDG as well possessed properties that might be of importance for colonization of the gastrointestinal tracts of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pedersen
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Jonsson H, Nyström L, Törnberg S, Lundgren B, Lenner P. Service screening with mammography. Long-term effects on breast cancer mortality in the county of Gävleborg, Sweden. Breast 2003; 12:183-93. [PMID: 14659325 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(03)00031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study the long-term effects of a pilot service screening programme in the Swedish county of Gävleborg were studied. Women aged 40-64 years in 13 sub-areas were followed from start of screening between 1974 and 1979. Two control groups were used for comparison; the neighbouring counties and all of Sweden. A reference period prior to the study period was used to facilitate an adjustment for possible differences in baseline breast cancer mortality. Only deaths from breast cancer diagnosed after the first invitation to screening were analysed. Two outcome measures were used for breast cancer mortality; the underlying cause of death and excess mortality. Using the neighbouring counties as a control group, the relative risk, after 22 years of follow-up, of 10 years of screening was estimated at 0.84 (95% CI 0.71-1.00) using excess mortality. Due to lead time bias the relative risk was overestimated by 4%. Hence, a significant 20% reduction of breast cancer excess mortality was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jonsson
- Department of Oncology, Umeå University, Sweden.
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Jonsson H, Nyström L, Törnberg S, Lenner P. Service screening with mammography of women aged 50-69 years in Sweden: effects on mortality from breast cancer. J Med Screen 2002; 8:152-60. [PMID: 11678556 DOI: 10.1136/jms.8.3.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the effect of the population based service screening programme in Sweden on mortality from breast cancer among women aged 50-69. SETTING; In 1986, population based service screening with mammography started in Sweden, and by 1997 screening had been introduced in all counties. Half of the counties invite women from 40 years of age whereas women 50 and older are invited in the other counties. The upper age limit was either 69 or 74. Women in the age group 50-69 years are thus invited to screening in all counties. METHODS The counties which started with mammographic screening in 1986-87 constituted the study group and were compared with the counties which started in 1993 or later. In 1987 the mean number of women aged 50-69 was 161,986 and 98,608 in the study and control groups, respectively. Refined excess mortality (smoothed with the Lowess method) from breast cancer and refined cause specific mortality from breast cancer were used as effect measures. To adjust for geographical differences in mortality from breast cancer a reference period was used. Allowance was made for two potential biases: (a) inclusion bias implying the inclusion of cases diagnosed before invitation to screening in the first screening round, and (b) lead time bias. RESULTS After a mean follow up time of 10.6 years since the start of screening and a mean individual follow up time of 8.4 years, a non-significant reduction in refined excess mortality for breast cancer was estimated as relative risk (RR) 0.84 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.67 to 1.05). After adjustment for inclusion and lead time biases the RR was 0.80 (20% reduction). Only 27% of the deaths from breast cancer in the total mortality for women aged 50-79 at death consisted of women aged 50-69 at diagnosis who were diagnosed after the start of screening. This figure has important implications for judgement of the impact of screening on age specific national breast cancer mortalities. CONCLUSIONS A non-significant reduction in mortality from breast cancer was found in counties performing service screening with mammography in Sweden. Adjustment for possible biases changed the result towards a larger effect of screening. The results do not contradict the effects found in the Swedish randomised mammography trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jonsson
- Department of Oncology, Umeå University Hospital, Sweden.
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Stefansson H, Geirsson RT, Steinthorsdottir V, Jonsson H, Manolescu A, Kong A, Ingadottir G, Gulcher J, Stefansson K. Genetic factors contribute to the risk of developing endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2002; 17:555-9. [PMID: 11870102 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/17.3.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is known to cluster within nuclear families. The extent of familial clustering can be evaluated in Iceland with its large population-based genealogical database. METHODS AND RESULTS Applying several measures of familiality we demonstrated that 750 women with endometriosis were significantly more interrelated than matched control groups. The risk ratio for sisters was 5.20 (P < 0.001) and for cousins 1.56 (P = 0.003). The average kinship coefficient for the patients was significantly higher than that calculated for 1000 sets of 750 matched controls (P < 0.001) and this remained significant when contribution from first-degree relatives was excluded (P < 0.05). The minimum number of ancestors required to account for the group of patients was compared with the minimum number of ancestors required to account for the control groups at different time points in the past. The minimum number of founders for the group of patients was significantly smaller than for the control groups. Affected cousin pairs were as likely to be paternally connected as maternally connected. CONCLUSIONS This is the first population-based study using an extensive genealogy database to examine the genetic contribution to endometriosis. A genetic factor is present, with a raised risk in close and more distant relatives, and a definite kinship factor with maternal and paternal inheritance contributing.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Stefansson
- DeCode Genetics, Lynghals 1, Reykjavik, IS-110, Iceland.
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Jonsson H, Ström E, Roos S. Addition of mucin to the growth medium triggers mucus-binding activity in different strains of Lactobacillus reuteri in vitro. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2001; 204:19-22. [PMID: 11682171 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10855.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We have examined the ability of a number of Lactobacillus reuteri strains to bind immobilised mucus material. After growth in MRS broth, some strains showed high binding activity towards mucus whilst many strains exhibited a very low binding activity. In order to simulate the intestinal milieu, we grew the bacteria in MRS supplemented with the glycoprotein mucin, the main component of mucus. Growth under these conditions dramatically improved the mucus-binding activity of most strains that initially showed very poor binding when grown in MRS broth. In addition, there was a strong induction of mucus binding in some strains after growth on solid substrate as compared to growth in liquid culture. Protease treatment of bacteria grown in the presence of mucin eliminated the adhesion, suggesting that mucin induces the production of cell surface proteins that possess mucus-binding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jonsson
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7025, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Jonsson H, Josephsson S, Kielhofner G. Narratives and experience in an occupational transition: a longitudinal study of the retirement process. Am J Occup Ther 2001; 55:424-32. [PMID: 11723987 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.55.4.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents the results from a longitudinal study of retirement. Data were collected through interviews with 12 Swedish participants over a 7-year period, beginning when they were still working and continuing through their early years of retirement. The findings show that the participants' narrative anticipations of retirement interacted with the events of ongoing life. Sometimes these events influenced the outcomes of the retirement process unpredictably. Consequently, retirement was often full of surprises and temporary periods of turbulence. Although some participants managed a transition into a satisfying pattern of retirement, others found it an ongoing process of frustration and dissatisfaction. Evidence from this longitudinal study indicates that a special type of occupation--engaging occupation with six constituents--was an important determinant of retirement satisfaction. This key finding is discussed with regard to its implications for theory development as well as its practical implications related to the importance of differentiating occupations and attending to the interaction between internal motivation and external expectations in the occupational pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jonsson
- Division of Occupational Therapy, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius v. 13, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Jonsson H, Moshfegh B. Modeling of the thermal and hydraulic performance of plate fin, strip fin, and pin fin heat sinks-influence of flow bypass. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1109/6144.926376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Jonsson H, Törnberg S, Nyström L, Lenner P. Service screening with mammography in Sweden--evaluation of effects of screening on breast cancer mortality in age group 40-49 years. Acta Oncol 2001; 39:617-23. [PMID: 11093370 DOI: 10.1080/028418600750013302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop a model for estimating the effect of the nation-wide service screening program with mammography on breast cancer mortality in Sweden. In 1997, the introduction of population-based service screening had been completed in all 26 counties. In approximately half of the counties suitable for evaluation, the lower age limit for invitation was 40 years (study population) and in the other half the age limit was 50 years (control population). The numbers of females aged 40 49 years for the two populations were 202,152 and 237,279, respectively (1988). The study and control populations were compared for the period 1986-1996 with regard to refined breast cancer mortality. To adjust for geographical differences, the period 1976 1986 was used as reference. With a mean follow-up time of 8 years, the estimated relative risk of breast cancer death in relation to invitation to service screening among women aged 40-49 years at breast cancer diagnosis was 0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.72-1.15). These findings were compatible with those presented in the previous overview of the Swedish randomized studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jonsson
- Department of Oncology, Umeå University, Sweden.
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Hildingsson C, Jonsson H. Posterior stabilization of the cervical spine with hooks and screws. A clinical evaluation of 26 patients with traumatic, degenerative or metastatic lesions, using a new implant system. Eur Spine J 2001; 10:50-4. [PMID: 11276836 PMCID: PMC3611470 DOI: 10.1007/s005860000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We operated on 26 patients with cervical spine disorders (13 with traumatic lesions, 3 with spinal stenosis and myelopathy, 1 with osteomyelitis and 9 with metastasis) with posterior stabilization. A new implant system (Cervi-Fix) based on rods, enabling a choice of either screw or laminar hook fixation in a free combination, was used. The system was evaluated for ease of use, for safety, regarding complications related to the system, and for efficacy, regarding loss of correction and signs of instability. The patients were followed for a mean period of 11 months, with ordinary and flexion/extension radiographs and clinical examination. No complications related to the implant system were observed. Loss of correction was observed in one patient. We found constructs with few vertebral fixation points, especially with screws, easy to handle, whereas multiple-claw constructs were time consuming. This implant system seems to be versatile, safe and efficient, but could be improved by the development of instruments for the insertion of the hooks.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hildingsson
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital in Northern Sweden, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
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