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Ruiz-Contreras J, Alfayate-Miguelez S, Carazo-Gallego B, Onís E, Díaz-Munilla L, Mendizabal M, Méndez Hernández M, Ferrer-Lorente B, Unsaín-Mancisidor M, Ramos-Amador JT, Croche-Santander B, Centeno Malfaz F, Rodríguez-Suárez J, Cotarelo M, San-Martín M, Arístegui J. Rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalizations in provinces with different vaccination coverage rates in Spain, 2013-2018. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1138. [PMID: 34742235 PMCID: PMC8572461 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus (RV) vaccines are available in Spain since 2006 but are not included in the National Immunization Program. RV vaccination has reached an intermediate vaccination coverage rate (VCR) but with substantial differences between provinces. The aim of this study was to assess the ratio of RV gastroenteritis (RVGE) admissions to all-cause hospitalizations in children under 5 years of age in areas with different VCR. METHODS Observational, multicenter, cross-sectional, medical record-based study. All children admitted to the study hospitals with a RVGE confirmed diagnosis during a 5-year period were selected. The annual ratio of RVGE to the total number of all-cause hospitalizations in children < 5 years of age were calculated. The proportion of RVGE hospitalizations were compared in areas with low (< 30%), intermediate (31-59%) and high (> 60%) VCR. RESULTS From June 2013 to May 2018, data from 1731 RVGE hospitalizations (16.47% of which were nosocomial) were collected from the 12 study hospitals. RVGE hospital admissions accounted for 2.82% (95 CI 2.72-3.00) and 43.84% (95% CI 40.53-47.21) of all-cause and Acute Gastroenteritis (AGE) hospitalizations in children under 5 years of age, respectively. The likelihood of hospitalization due to RVGE was 56% (IC95%, 51-61%) and 27% (IC95%, 18-35%) lower in areas with high and intermediate VCR, respectively, compared to the low VCR areas. CONCLUSIONS RVGE hospitalization ratios are highly dependent on the RV VCR. Increasing VCR in areas with intermediate and low coverage rates would significantly reduce the severe burden of RVGE that requires hospital management in Spain. Clinical trial registration Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Alfayate-Miguelez
- Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - B Carazo-Gallego
- Pediatrics, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - E Onís
- Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - L Díaz-Munilla
- Pediatrics, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Mendizabal
- Pediatrics, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - B Ferrer-Lorente
- Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - J T Ramos-Amador
- Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - F Centeno Malfaz
- Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - M Cotarelo
- Medical Affairs Department, MSD Spain, C/Josefa Valcárcel, 38, 28027, Madrid, Spain
| | - M San-Martín
- Medical Affairs Department, MSD Spain, C/Josefa Valcárcel, 38, 28027, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Arístegui
- Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
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Martin-Villa JM, Corell A, Ramos-Amador JT, Ruiz-Contreras J, Arnaiz-Villena A. Higher incidence of autoantibodies in X-linked chronic granulomatous disease carriers: random X-chromosome inactivation may be related to autoimmunity. Autoimmunity 2000; 31:261-4. [PMID: 10789991 DOI: 10.3109/08916939908994071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The presence of autoantibodies and autoimmune diseases was tested in all available members of five families with at least one member affected with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease. Patients and carriers relatives possess autoantibodies more frequently than non-carriers relatives (95% vs 10%, p < 1.0 x 10(-5), Fisher test). Further, a survey of the literature revealed that in X-linked immunodeficiencies with X-chromosome random inactivation, clear features of autoimmunity are observed, not found in those with non-random inactivation. It appears then as if random inactivation of the X-chromosome in these pathologies, may favor the expression of an autoimmune phenotype in patients and carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Martin-Villa
- Inmunologia, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
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Timón M, Arnaiz-Villena A, Ruiz-Contreras J, Ramos-Amador JT, Pacheco A, Regueiro JR. Selective impairment of T lymphocyte activation through the T cell receptor/CD3 complex after cytomegalovirus infection. Clin Exp Immunol 1993; 94:38-42. [PMID: 8403514 PMCID: PMC1534390 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1993.tb05974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is reported to cause transient immunosuppression in man. In this study we have analysed the effect of CMV on T lymphocyte function in 29 children diagnosed for acute CMV infection. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from the patients showed a significant specific impairment in their proliferative response to enterotoxins A and C1, to concanavalin A and to the anti-CD3 MoAb OKT3. The impaired responses were corrected with exogenous IL-2. In contrast, stimulation using phytohaemagglutinin, as well as activation signals delivered through the surface molecules CD26 or CD28, elicited normal proliferative responses in CMV PBMC. The results indicate that the T cell anergy associated with CMV infection is restricted to the T cell receptor/CD3 activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Timón
- Department of Immunology, Hospital 12 de Octubre Madrid, Spain
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