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Lafaurie M, d'Anglejan E, Donay JL, Glotz D, Sarfati E, Mimoun M, Legrand M, Oksenhendler E, Bagot M, Valade S, Bercot B, Molina JM. Utility of anaerobic bottles for the diagnosis of bloodstream infections. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:142. [PMID: 32059701 PMCID: PMC7023744 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-4854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obligate anaerobes usually account for less than 10% of bacteria recovered from blood cultures (BC). The relevance of routine use of the anaerobic bottle is under debate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of anaerobic bottles for the diagnosis of bloodstream infections (BSI). METHODS We conducted a 6-month, retrospective, monocentric study in a tertiary hospital. All positive BC were grouped into a single episode of bacteremia when drawn within 7 consecutive days. Bacteremia were classified into contaminants and BSI. Charts of patients with BSI due to obligate anaerobes were studied. RESULTS A total of 19,739 blood cultures were collected, 2341 of which (11.9%) were positive. Anaerobic bottles were positive in 1528 (65.3%) of all positive BC but were positive alone (aerobic bottles negative) in 369 (15.8%). Overall 1081 episodes of bacteremia were identified, of which 209 (19.3%) had positive anaerobic bottles alone. The majority 126/209 (60.3%) were contaminants and 83 (39.7%) were BSI. BSI due to facultative anaerobes, obligate aerobes and obligate anaerobes were identified in 67 (80.7%), 3 (3.6%) and 13 (15.7%) of these 83 episodes, respectively. BSI due to obligate anaerobic bacteria were reported in 9 patients with gastro-intestinal disease, in 3 with febrile neutropenia and in 1 burned patient. CONCLUSIONS Anaerobic bottles contributed to the diagnosis of a significant number of episodes of bacteremia. Isolated bacteria were mostly contaminants and non-obligate anaerobic pathogens. Rare BSI due to obligate anaerobes were reported mainly in patients with gastro-intestinal disorders and during febrile neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lafaurie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, University of Paris Diderot Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U941, Paris, France. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint-Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris, 75010, France.
| | - E d'Anglejan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, University of Paris Diderot Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U941, Paris, France
| | - J L Donay
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - D Glotz
- Nephrology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - E Sarfati
- Department of Digestive and Emergency Surgery, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - M Mimoun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - M Legrand
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Burn Unit, St-Louis hospital, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - E Oksenhendler
- Department of Clinical Immunopathology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - M Bagot
- Dermatology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - S Valade
- Intensive Care Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - B Bercot
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - J M Molina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, University of Paris Diderot Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U941, Paris, France
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Munier AL, Biard L, Rousseau C, Legrand M, Lafaurie M, Lomont A, Donay JL, de Beaugrenier E, Flicoteaux R, Mebazaa A, Mimoun M, Molina JM. Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii acquisition during an outbreak in a burns unit. J Hosp Infect 2017; 97:226-233. [PMID: 28751010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MR-AB) can cause outbreaks in a burns unit. AIM To study the incidence, risk factors and outcome of MR-AB colonization during an outbreak. METHODS A prospective study was conducted from April to November 2014 in a burns unit in Paris. Weekly surveillance cultures of patients and their environment were performed. MR-AB acquisition, discharge, or death without MR-AB colonization were considered as competing events. To identify risk factors for colonization, baseline characteristics and time-dependent variables were investigated in univariate and multivariate analyses using Cox models. MR-AB strains were genotypically compared using multi-locus sequence typing. FINDINGS Eighty-six patients were admitted in the burns unit during the study period. Among 77 patients without MR-AB colonization at admission, 25 (32%) acquired MR-AB with a cumulative incidence of 30% at 28 days (95% CI: 20-40). Median time to MR-AB acquisition was 13 days (range: 5-34). In multivariate analysis, risk factors for MR-AB acquisition were ≥2 skin graft procedures performed [hazard ratio (HR): 2.97; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-8.00; P = 0.032] and antibiotic therapy during hospitalization (HR: 4.42; 95% CI: 1.19-16.4; P = 0.026). A major sequence type of MR-AB (ST2) was found in 94% and 92% of patients and environmental strains, respectively, with all strains harbouring the blaOXA-23 gene. MR-AB colonization increased length of hospitalization (HR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.17-0.58; P = 0.0002) by a median of 12 days. CONCLUSION A high incidence of MR-AB acquisition was seen during this outbreak with most strains from patients and their environment belonging to single sequence type. MR-AB colonization was associated with more skin graft procedures, antibiotic use, and prolonged hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-L Munier
- Infectious Disease Department, St Louis Hospital, APHP and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
| | - L Biard
- Department of Biostatistics, St Louis Hospital, APHP and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - C Rousseau
- Microbiology Department, St Louis Hospital, APHP and EA4065, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - M Legrand
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Burn Unit, St Louis Hospital, APHP and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France; INSERM U942, France
| | - M Lafaurie
- Infectious Disease Department, St Louis Hospital, APHP and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - A Lomont
- Microbiology Department, St Louis Hospital, APHP and EA4065, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - J-L Donay
- Microbiology Department, St Louis Hospital, APHP and EA4065, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - E de Beaugrenier
- Pharmacy Department, St Louis Hospital, APHP and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - R Flicoteaux
- Department of Biostatistics, St Louis Hospital, APHP and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - A Mebazaa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Burn Unit, St Louis Hospital, APHP and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - M Mimoun
- Plastic Surgery Department, St Louis Hospital, APHP and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - J-M Molina
- Infectious Disease Department, St Louis Hospital, APHP and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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Colombier MA, Lafaurie M, de Fontbrune FS, Resche-Rigon M, Donay JL, Pons JL, Molina JM, Socie G. Usefulness of daily surveillance blood cultures in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients on steroids: a 1-year prospective study. Transpl Infect Dis 2016; 18:504-11. [PMID: 27218243 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bloodstream infections (BSI) are frequent and potentially severe complications in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (AHSCT) recipients. In patients on steroids, surveillance blood cultures (SBCs) are routinely performed to detect asymptomatic BSI but their usefulness remains controversial. METHODS We performed a 1-year, observational, prospective, single-center study to assess the utility of daily SBCs in AHSCT recipients on steroids and a case-control study to identify risk factors associated with positive SBCs. All blood cultures (BCs) obtained from adults hospitalized in the HSCT unit were prospectively studied throughout 1 year. Characteristics, treatments, and outcome of patients were retrieved from medical charts. RESULTS A total of 3594 BCs were obtained in 177 patients, including 1450 SBCs in 82 AHSCT recipients on steroids. In 33 patients, 103 SBCs (7%) were positive. Low-virulence bacteria were identified in 74% of episodes. When analyzing first episode of positive SBCs (28 patients), 6 (21%) true BSI were identified. CONCLUSIONS Patients with positive SBCs were receiving antibiotic treatment less frequently at the time of SBCs (P < 0.001) and had more frequently BCs obtained through central venous access (P < 0.04) when compared to patients with negative SBCs. Daily SBCs in AHSCT recipients on steroids only rarely identify BSI and clear benefit for patients could not be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Colombier
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, Paris, France
| | - M Lafaurie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, Paris, France
| | - F S de Fontbrune
- Hematology, Immunology, Oncology Division (HOR), Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - M Resche-Rigon
- Biostatistic Unit, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Inserm 1153 ECSTRA Team, Université Paris 7 Diderot, Paris, France
| | - J-L Donay
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Paris, France
| | - J-L Pons
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - J-M Molina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - G Socie
- Hematology, Immunology, Oncology Division (HOR), Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR 1160, Paris, France
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Denis B, Lafaurie M, Donay JL, Fontaine JP, Oksenhendler E, Raffoux E, Hennequin C, Allez M, Socie G, Maziers N, Porcher R, Molina JM. Prevalence, risk factors, and impact on clinical outcome of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli bacteraemia: a five-year study. Int J Infect Dis 2015; 39:1-6. [PMID: 26189774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) bacteraemia on outcome remains controversial. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the prevalence, risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes of all ESBL-EC bacteraemia in one French hospital over a 5-year period was performed. A case-control study was undertaken: cases had at least one ESBL-EC bacteraemia and controls a positive non-ESBL-EC bacteraemia. RESULTS The prevalence of ESBL-EC bacteraemia increased from 5.2% of all positive E. coli blood cultures in 2005 to 13.5% in 2009 (p<0.003). CTX-M represented 70% of ESBL-EC bacteraemia strains, and strains were not clonally related. On adjusted analysis, the only significant risk factor for ESBL-EC bacteraemia was a previous ESBL-EC colonization (odds ratio 11.3, 95% confidence interval 1.2-107; p=0.003). Initial antimicrobial therapy was less frequently adequate in the ESBL-EC group (48% vs. 85%; p=0.003). The presence of ESBL-EC bacteraemia was not associated with a longer hospital stay (p=0.088). Day 30 mortality was high, but not significantly different in the two groups (30% vs. 27%; p=0. 82). CONCLUSION The prevalence of ESBL-EC bacteraemia has been increasing dramatically. Previous colonization with ESBL-EC was a strong risk factor for ESBL-EC bacteraemia. More inadequate initial antimicrobial therapy was noted in the ESBL-EC group, but mortality and length of hospital stay were not significantly different from those of patients with non-ESBL-EC bacteraemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Denis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 1136, UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France.
| | - M Lafaurie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France
| | - J-L Donay
- Department of Microbiology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - J-P Fontaine
- Emergency Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - E Oksenhendler
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - E Raffoux
- Department of Haematology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - C Hennequin
- Department of Oncology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - M Allez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - G Socie
- Department of Haematology-Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - N Maziers
- Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - R Porcher
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Methodology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - J-M Molina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France
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Jacquier H, Marcadé G, Raffoux E, Dombret H, Woerther PL, Donay JL, Arlet G, Cambau E. In vivo selection of a complex mutant TEM (CMT) from an inhibitor-resistant TEM (IRT) during ceftazidime therapy. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:2792-6. [PMID: 23861309 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A relapse from Escherichia coli bloodstream infection was observed in a patient with acute leukaemia treated with ceftazidime for 7 days for febrile neutropenia. Whereas the original E. coli isolate was resistant to β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (EC1), the relapse E. coli isolate showed a similar phenotype but with resistance extended to ceftazidime (EC2). We investigated the molecular mechanisms of β-lactam resistance and sought if EC2 could have been selected in vivo from EC1. METHODS EC1 and EC2 isolates were compared for antibiotic MICs, plasmid content, genotyping, β-lactamase genes and their environment. Both isolates were conjugated with E. coli JW4111ΔampC and MICs determined for transconjugants. In addition, ceftazidime-resistant mutants were selected in vitro from EC1. RESULTS EC1 and EC2 showed identical patterns for genotyping and resistance plasmids. PCR sequencing of blaTEM in EC1 showed the mutations M69L and N276D corresponding to TEM-35, also called inhibitor-resistant TEM (IRT)-4. In EC2, the TEM allele showed an additional mutation, R164S, known to confer resistance to ceftazidime. The combination of these three mutations was previously reported in TEM-158, described as the complex mutant TEM (CMT)-9, associated with resistance to β-lactamase inhibitors and third-generation cephalosporins. In vitro selection of ceftazidime-resistant mutants from EC1 yielded six different CMT alleles, including TEM-158 containing the R164S mutation. CONCLUSIONS This first known report of in vivo selection of CMT from IRT, reproduced in vitro, shows how the evolution of β-lactamase enzymes is easily driven by antibiotic pressure, even during a short antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jacquier
- APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service de Bactériologie, Paris, France
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Munier AL, de Lastours V, Varon E, Donay JL, Porcher R, Molina JM. Invasive pneumococcal disease in HIV-infected adults in France from 2000 to 2011: antimicrobial susceptibility and implication of serotypes for vaccination. Infection 2013; 41:663-8. [PMID: 23404685 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-013-0419-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) remain frequent and severe events in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects despite the use of antiretroviral therapy and the availability of vaccines. Our aim was to assess the antibiotic susceptibilities and serotypes of strains responsible for IPD in HIV-infected patients. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed all Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from normally sterile sites between 2000 and 2011 in HIV-infected patients from a single reference center in Paris. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by the E-test, and serotyping was performed by the antiserum agglutination method. RESULTS Among our study group, 41 HIV-infected adults presented 43 IPD during the study period. Of these 41 patients, 78 % were men, and the median age was 43 (range 23-62) years. the median CD4 cell count was 184/mm(3) (6-1,090/mm(3)), 51 % were receiving antiretroviral therapy, and 24 % had plasma HIV-RNA levels of <400 copies/mL. Only two patients had received the pneumococcal polysaccharide 23-valent vaccine (PPV23). Isolates were susceptible to penicillin G, amoxicillin, and cotrimoxazole in 44, 70, and 59 % of cases, respectively, and were significantly less susceptible to these antibiotics than isolates in the French general population during the same period. Among the 27 strains serotyped, 18 different serotypes were observed, of which 19A, 14, 7F, and 6A were the most frequent. Serotype distribution was similar to that in the French general population. The PPV23 vaccine and the 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13) would have theoretically covered 78 and 70 % of cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In our HIV-infected patient cohort, S. pneumoniae isolates demonstrated higher levels of resistance to beta-lactamines and cotrimoxazole than in the French general population. HIV-infected patients should benefit from the herd protection effect expected from the large-scale vaccination of children by PCV13.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-L Munier
- Infectious Diseases Department, St Louis Hospital, Assistance-Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France.
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Donay JL, Fernandes P, Lagrange PH, Herrmann JL. Evaluation of the inoculation procedure using a 0.25 McFarland standard for the BD Phoenix automated microbiology system. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:4088-9. [PMID: 17913926 PMCID: PMC2168575 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01847-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Donay JL, Mathieu D, Fernandes P, Prégermain C, Bruel P, Wargnier A, Casin I, Weill FX, Lagrange PH, Herrmann JL. Evaluation of the automated phoenix system for potential routine use in the clinical microbiology laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:1542-6. [PMID: 15071001 PMCID: PMC387561 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.4.1542-1546.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2003] [Revised: 09/01/2003] [Accepted: 01/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparative study was designed to evaluate the identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) performances of the BD Phoenix Automated Microbiology System (Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Systems [BD], Pont de Claix, France). A total of 305 single clinical isolates were collected, and comparisons were made with routine manual methods in use in our microbiology laboratories. The percentages of correct IDs were 93.3, 89.4, 91.8, and 85.7% for enterobacteria, nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli, staphylococci, and streptococci-enterococci, respectively. The median ID time was 3 h, and the median time for AST was 10 h 30 min. AST results showed variable percentages of errors for the different antibiotics. None of the enterobacteria and 0.3% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates showed a very major error (VME). Only one strain of Staphylococcus aureus showed a VME with oxacillin. We demonstrate here the efficiency of the Phoenix system, which can be used for the majority of strains encountered in a university-based laboratory, for ID and AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-L Donay
- Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
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Arlet G, Nadjar D, Herrmann JL, Donay JL, Lagrange PH, Philippon A. Plasmid-mediated rifampin resistance encoded by an arr-2-like gene cassette in Klebsiella pneumoniae producing an ACC-1 class C beta-lactamase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:2971-2. [PMID: 11583008 PMCID: PMC90768 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.10.2971-2972.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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