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Shepherd F, Houdijk JGM, Chylinski C, Hutchings MR, Kelly RF, Macrae A, Maurer V, Salminen JP, Engström MT, Athanasiadou S. The feeding of heather (Calluna vulgaris) to Teladorsagia circumcincta infected lambs reduces parasitism but can detrimentally impact performance. Vet J 2024; 303:106066. [PMID: 38244671 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections impact small ruminant health, welfare, and production across farming systems. Rising anthelmintic resistance and regulation of synthetic drug use in organic farming is driving research and development of sustainable alternatives for GIN control. One alternative is the feeding of plants that contain secondary metabolites (PSMs) e.g., proanthocyanidins (PA, syn. condensed tannins) that have shown anthelmintic potential. However, PSMs can potentially impair performance, arising from reduced palatability and thus intake, digestibility or even toxicity effects. In this study, we tested the trade-off between the antiparasitic and anti-nutritional effects of heather consumption by lambs. The impact of additional feeding of a nematophagous fungus (Duddingtonia flagrans) on larval development was also explored. Lambs infected with Teladorsagia circumcincta or uninfected controls, were offered ad libitum heather, or a control chopped hay for 22 days during the infection patent period. Eight days into the patent period, parasitised lambs were supplemented (or remained unsupplemented) with D. flagrans for a 5-day period. Performance and infection metrics were recorded, and polyphenol levels in the heather and control hay were measured to investigate their association with activity. The lambs consumed heather at approximately 20% of their dry matter intake, which was sufficient to exhibit significant anthelmintic effects via a reduction in total egg output (P = 0.007), compared to hay-fed lambs; the magnitude of the reduction over time in heather fed lambs was almost 10-fold compared to control lambs. Negative effects on production were shown, as heather-fed lambs weighed 6% less than hay-fed lambs (P < 0.001), even though dry matter intake (DMI) of heather increased over time. D. flagrans supplementation lowered larval recovery in the faeces of infected lambs by 31.8% (P = 0.003), although no interactions between feeding heather and D. flagrans were observed (P = 0.337). There was no significant correlation between PA, or other polyphenol subgroups in the diet and egg output, which suggests that any association between heather feeding and anthelmintic effect is not simply and directly attributable to the measured polyphenols. The level of heather intake in this study showed no antagonistic effects on D. flagrans, demonstrating the methods can be used in combination, but provide no additive effect on overall anthelmintic efficacies. In conclusion, heather feeding can assist to reduce egg outputs in infected sheep, but at 20% of DMI negative effects on lamb performance can be expected which may outweigh any antiparasitic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Shepherd
- Scotland's Rural College SRUC, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies R(D)SVS and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - J G M Houdijk
- Scotland's Rural College SRUC, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - C Chylinski
- Scotland's Rural College SRUC, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - M R Hutchings
- Scotland's Rural College SRUC, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - R F Kelly
- Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies R(D)SVS and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - A Macrae
- Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies R(D)SVS and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - V Maurer
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, Ackerstrasse 113, CH-5070 Frick, Switzerland
| | - J-P Salminen
- University of Turku, Department of Chemistry (Aurum), Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - M T Engström
- University of Turku, Department of Chemistry (Aurum), Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - S Athanasiadou
- Scotland's Rural College SRUC, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.
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Engström MT, Arvola J, Nenonen S, Virtanen VTJ, Leppä MM, Tähtinen P, Salminen JP. Correction to Structural Features of Hydrolyzable Tannins Determine Their Ability to Form Insoluble Complexes with Bovine Serum Albumin. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:1760. [PMID: 31995380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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Engström MT, Arvola J, Nenonen S, Virtanen VTJ, Leppä MM, Tähtinen P, Salminen JP. Structural Features of Hydrolyzable Tannins Determine Their Ability to Form Insoluble Complexes with Bovine Serum Albumin. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:6798-6808. [PMID: 31134805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability of 32 purified and characterized hydrolyzable tannins to form insoluble complexes with model protein bovine serum albumin was investigated with a turbidimetric 96-well plate reader method. The results showed a clear relationship between the hydrolyzable tannin structure and the intensity of haze that formed during the tannin-protein complexation. In addition to molecular weight, structural features such as number of galloyl groups, degree of oxidative coupling between the galloyls, positional isomerism, and cyclic vs acyclic glucose core were the major structural features that affected the ability of the monomeric hydrolyzable tannins to form insoluble complexes with bovine serum albumin. While oligomers were superior to monomers in their capability to precipitate the model protein, their activity depended less on the functional groups, but mostly on their size and overall flexibility. These results allowed us to construct an equation that predicted the protein precipitation capacity of the studied hydrolyzable tannins with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Engström
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry , University of Turku , FI20014 Turku , Finland
| | - J Arvola
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry , University of Turku , FI20014 Turku , Finland
| | - S Nenonen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital , Fl20520 , Turku , Finland
| | - V T J Virtanen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry , University of Turku , FI20014 Turku , Finland
| | - M M Leppä
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry , University of Turku , FI20014 Turku , Finland
| | - P Tähtinen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry , University of Turku , FI20014 Turku , Finland
| | - J-P Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry , University of Turku , FI20014 Turku , Finland
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Kim J, Pälijärvi M, Karonen M, Salminen JP. Simple non-specific enzymatic oxidation method for studying the bioactivity of phenolic compounds in plants. Am J Transl Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M Pälijärvi
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M Karonen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - JP Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Suvanto J, Salminen JP. Rapid quantitative and qualitative analysis of anthocyanins using UHPLC-3Q-MS/MS. Am J Transl Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Suvanto
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - JP Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Leppä M, Karonen M, Tähtinen P, Engström M, Salminen JP. Utilization of high resolution UPLC-Orbitrap-MS and quantitative UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS technique in proanthocyanidin analysis. Am J Transl Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Leppä
- University of Turku, TURKU, Finland
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Engström MT, Karonen M, Ahern JR, Baert N, Payré B, Hoste H, Salminen JP. Chemical Structures of Plant Hydrolyzable Tannins Reveal Their in Vitro Activity against Egg Hatching and Motility of Haemonchus contortus Nematodes. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:840-51. [PMID: 26807485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of synthetic drugs against gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants has led to a situation where resistance to anthelmintics is widespread, and there is an urgent need for alternative solutions for parasite control. One promising approach is to use polyphenol-rich bioactive plants in animal feeds as natural anthelmintics. In the present work, the in vitro activity of a series of 33 hydrolyzable tannins (HTs) and their hydrolysis product, gallic acid, against egg hatching and motility of L1 and L2 stage Haemonchus contortus larvae was studied. The effect of the selected compounds on egg and larval structure was further studied by scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated clear relationships between HT structure and anthelmintic activity. While HT size, overall flexibility, the types and numbers of functional groups, together with the linkage types between monomeric HTs affected the activity differently, the optimal structure was found with pentagalloylglucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Engström
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Karonen
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - J R Ahern
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - N Baert
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - B Payré
- Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Faculté de Médecine Toulouse Rangueil, Université de Toulouse , 133, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - H Hoste
- UMR 1225, INRA/DGER, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire Toulouse , 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France
- ENVT, Université de Toulouse , Toulouse F-31076, France
| | - J-P Salminen
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Johnson MTJ, Agrawal AA, Maron JL, Salminen JP. Heritability, covariation and natural selection on 24 traits of common evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) from a field experiment. J Evol Biol 2009; 22:1295-307. [PMID: 19490388 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01747.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study explored genetic variation and co-variation in multiple functional plant traits. Our goal was to characterize selection, heritabilities and genetic correlations among different types of traits to gain insight into the evolutionary ecology of plant populations and their interactions with insect herbivores. In a field experiment, we detected significant heritable variation for each of 24 traits of Oenothera biennis and extensive genetic covariance among traits. Traits with diverse functions formed several distinct groups that exhibited positive genetic covariation with each other. Genetic variation in life-history traits and secondary chemistry together explained a large proportion of variation in herbivory (r(2) = 0.73). At the same time, selection acted on lifetime biomass, life-history traits and two secondary compounds of O. biennis, explaining over 95% of the variation in relative fitness among genotypes. The combination of genetic covariances and directional selection acting on multiple traits suggests that adaptive evolution of particular traits is constrained, and that correlated evolution of groups of traits will occur, which is expected to drive the evolution of increased herbivore susceptibility. As a whole, our study indicates that an examination of genetic variation and covariation among many different types of traits can provide greater insight into the evolutionary ecology of plant populations and plant-herbivore interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T J Johnson
- Department of Plant Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Abstract
The contents of 13 hydrolysable tannins in the leaves of white birch (Betula pubescens L.) trees were analysed at twelve stages throughout the growing season. All individual galloylglucoses, from 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose to 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose, accumulated in young leaves, while ellagitannins showed significantly variable seasonal trends. The major ellagitannin during the whole growing season was pedunculagin while 2,3-(S)-HHDP-glucopyranose. the end product of the proposed ellagitannin pathway, accumulated in mature leaves. Relationships between the characteristics of seasonal variation in the contents of individual ellagitannins and their chemical structures were used to unravel the biogenesis of ellagitannins in birch leaves. Evidence of degradation of ellagitannins through hydrolysis during leaf growth and development is presented and implications for herbivory are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Salminen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Finland.
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Rauha JP, Wolfender JL, Salminen JP, Pihlaja K, Hostettmann K, Vuorela H. Characterization of the polyphenolic composition of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria). Z NATURFORSCH C 2001; 56:13-20. [PMID: 11302202 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2001-1-203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L.) were analysed by the use of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) equipped with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) and electrospray ionisation (ESI). The presence of vitexin and orientin as well as their isomers, isovitexin and isoorientin, were confirmed using ion trap multiple stage LC/MS3 analysis. Several phenolic acids and tannins were also detected. Ellagitannins, vescalagin and pedunculagin, are reported from the plant for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Rauha
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
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