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Vogel F, Ars S, Wunch D, Lavoie J, Gillespie L, Maazallahi H, Röckmann T, Nęcki J, Bartyzel J, Jagoda P, Lowry D, France J, Fernandez J, Bakkaloglu S, Fisher R, Lanoiselle M, Chen H, Oudshoorn M, Yver-Kwok C, Defratyka S, Morgui JA, Estruch C, Curcoll R, Grossi C, Chen J, Dietrich F, Forstmaier A, Denier van der Gon HAC, Dellaert SNC, Salo J, Corbu M, Iancu SS, Tudor AS, Scarlat AI, Calcan A. Ground-Based Mobile Measurements to Track Urban Methane Emissions from Natural Gas in 12 Cities across Eight Countries. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:2271-2281. [PMID: 38270974 PMCID: PMC10851421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
To mitigate methane emission from urban natural gas distribution systems, it is crucial to understand local leak rates and occurrence rates. To explore urban methane emissions in cities outside the U.S., where significant emissions were found previously, mobile measurements were performed in 12 cities across eight countries. The surveyed cities range from medium size, like Groningen, NL, to large size, like Toronto, CA, and London, UK. Furthermore, this survey spanned across European regions from Barcelona, ES, to Bucharest, RO. The joint analysis of all data allows us to focus on general emission behavior for cities with different infrastructure and environmental conditions. We find that all cities have a spectrum of small, medium, and large methane sources in their domain. The emission rates found follow a heavy-tailed distribution, and the top 10% of emitters account for 60-80% of total emissions, which implies that strategic repair planning could help reduce emissions quickly. Furthermore, we compare our findings with inventory estimates for urban natural gas-related methane emissions from this sector in Europe. While cities with larger reported emissions were found to generally also have larger observed emissions, we find clear discrepancies between observation-based and inventory-based emission estimates for our 12 cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Vogel
- Climate
Research Division, Environment and Climate
Change Canada, Toronto M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - S. Ars
- Climate
Research Division, Environment and Climate
Change Canada, Toronto M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - D. Wunch
- Department
of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - J. Lavoie
- Department
of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - L. Gillespie
- Climate
Research Division, Environment and Climate
Change Canada, Toronto M3H 5T4, Canada
- Department
of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - H. Maazallahi
- Institute
for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - T. Röckmann
- Institute
for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - J. Nęcki
- AGH, University of Kraków, Kraków 30-059, Poland
| | - J. Bartyzel
- AGH, University of Kraków, Kraków 30-059, Poland
| | - P. Jagoda
- AGH, University of Kraków, Kraków 30-059, Poland
| | - D. Lowry
- Department
of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University
of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, U.K.
| | - J. France
- Department
of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University
of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, U.K.
| | - J. Fernandez
- Department
of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University
of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, U.K.
| | - S. Bakkaloglu
- Department
of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University
of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, U.K.
| | - R. Fisher
- Department
of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University
of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, U.K.
| | - M. Lanoiselle
- Department
of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University
of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, U.K.
| | - H. Chen
- Centre for
Isotope Research, Energy and Sustainability Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, Netherlands
| | - M. Oudshoorn
- Centre for
Isotope Research, Energy and Sustainability Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, Netherlands
| | - C. Yver-Kwok
- LSCE,
CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, University Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - S. Defratyka
- LSCE,
CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, University Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - J. A. Morgui
- ICTA, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - C. Estruch
- Eurecat, Centre
Tecnològic de Catalunya, Barcelona 08290, Spain
| | - R. Curcoll
- ICTA, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- INTE, Universitat
Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - C. Grossi
- INTE, Universitat
Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - J. Chen
- Environmental Sensing and Modelling, Technical
University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany
| | - F. Dietrich
- Environmental Sensing and Modelling, Technical
University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany
| | - A. Forstmaier
- Environmental Sensing and Modelling, Technical
University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany
| | | | - S. N. C. Dellaert
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research—TNO, Utrecht 3584CB, The Netherlands
| | - J. Salo
- Geography and
GIS, University of Northern
Colorado, Greeley, Colorado 80639, United States
| | - M. Corbu
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050663, Romania
- INCAS, National Institute for Aerospace
Research “Elie Carafoli”, Bucharest 061126, Romania
| | - S. S. Iancu
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050663, Romania
- INCAS, National Institute for Aerospace
Research “Elie Carafoli”, Bucharest 061126, Romania
| | - A. S. Tudor
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050663, Romania
- INCAS, National Institute for Aerospace
Research “Elie Carafoli”, Bucharest 061126, Romania
| | - A. I. Scarlat
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050663, Romania
- INCAS, National Institute for Aerospace
Research “Elie Carafoli”, Bucharest 061126, Romania
| | - A. Calcan
- INCAS, National Institute for Aerospace
Research “Elie Carafoli”, Bucharest 061126, Romania
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2
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Gravel S, Roberge B, Calosso M, Gagné S, Lavoie J, Labrèche F. Occupational health and safety, metal exposures and multi-exposures health risk in Canadian electronic waste recycling facilities. Waste Manag 2023; 165:140-149. [PMID: 37121052 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Electronic waste recycling (e-recycling) involves manual operations that expose workers to toxic metals. We aim to describe occupational health and safety practices and workers' exposures to metals in the Canadian formal e-recycling industry, and to estimate the health risk associated with multiple exposures. This cross-sectional study documented practices through observations and questionnaires, and assessed metal exposures using personal air samples and biomarkers. Health risks were estimated relative to recognised occupational exposure guidelines, and using an additive approach for consideration of multiple exposures. Six e-recycling and one commercial recycling facilities were investigated, and the metal exposures of 99 workers (23 women) were measured. In most facilities, dust control was inadequate and personal protective equipment was improperly worn. In e-recycling, lead was detected in all air samples and in most blood samples, up to 48 µg/m3 and 136 µg/l, respectively. Other quantified metals included beryllium, mercury, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chrome, cobalt, copper, indium, manganese, nickel and yttrium. When handling cathode ray tube screens, workers were 4.9 times and 8.5 times more likely to be exposed to lead and yttrium, respectively, than workers who were not assigned to a specific type of electronics. Overall, exposures were largely associated with facility size and airborne dust concentration. The additive hazard indices for airborne exposures raised concerns for kidney disorders, for peripheral and central nervous systems, and for the male reproductive system. Minimizing airborne dust through collective control methods and adequately using personal protection should reduce metal exposures and associated health risks in this growing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Gravel
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), Montréal, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Canada.
| | - Brigitte Roberge
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), Montréal, Canada
| | - Mickaël Calosso
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), Montréal, Canada
| | - Sébastien Gagné
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), Montréal, Canada
| | - Jacques Lavoie
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), Montréal, Canada
| | - France Labrèche
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), Montréal, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Canada; Centre de recherche en santé publique (CReSP), University of Montréal and CIUSSS Centre-Sud, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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3
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Mbareche H, Dion-Dupont V, Veillette M, Brisebois E, Lavoie J, Duchaine C. Influence of seasons and sites on bioaerosols in indoor wastewater treatment plants and proposal for air quality indicators. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2022; 72:1000-1011. [PMID: 35426760 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2022.2066735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During wastewater treatment, bioaerosols are generated and, can either remain in suspension for several hours or settle on surfaces and workers may be exposed. The presence of pathogens in the air could contribute to an increased frequency of gastrointestinal or respiratory illness amongst workers. Due to harsh winter conditions in Eastern Canada, many of the steps in the wastewater treatment process occur indoors, leading to a greater risk of significant occupational exposure especially if there is inadequate ventilation or a lack of personal protection. This work has used stationary sampling at various indoor wastewater treatment steps both in winter and summer. Bioaerosols were evaluated using both culture and molecular methods along with ventilation characterization. Endotoxins were quantified, as well as total cultivable and gram-negative bacteria and pathogen indicators using qPCR. This study highlights the presence of potential pathogens at all steps in the treatment process, which may represent a potential occupational hazard. Comparisons between summer and winter data suggest that water temperature is an important factor for microbial activity and suggest that increasing the rate of air changes per hour in summer would be beneficial to reduce the concentration of bioaerosols during this time of the year. The screening, grit/FOGs removal and biofiltration were the most bioaerosol-loaded sites. Based on strong correlations, we suggest the reconsideration of exposure limits in WWTPs. Workers should be encouraged to use personal respiratory protection to limit the risk of health problems, especially during long-term work.Implications: The work presented herein showcases significant correlations between concentrations of endotoxins, cultivable bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and total bacteria by qPCR from air collected in indoor wastewater treatment plants. These correlations lead us to propose new limit of exposure values, revisited to fit the endotoxin exposure limits recommendations. The results can serve as guidelines for future proposals for air quality indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Mbareche
- Biological Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada
- Laboratory of Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, USA
| | - Vanessa Dion-Dupont
- Pavillon Alexandre Vachon, Université Laval, Québec, QC Canada
- Axe de pneumologie, CRIUCPQ, Québec, QC Canada
| | | | - Evelyne Brisebois
- Pavillon Alexandre Vachon, Université Laval, Québec, QC Canada
- Axe de pneumologie, CRIUCPQ, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Jacques Lavoie
- Prévention des risques chimiques et biologiques, IRSST, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Caroline Duchaine
- Pavillon Alexandre Vachon, Université Laval, Québec, QC Canada
- Axe de pneumologie, CRIUCPQ, Québec, QC Canada
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4
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Lavoie J, Ménard C, Famulari G, Béliveau-Nadeau D, Enger S. PP-0164 focal treatment of prostate cancer with 169Yb-based high dose rate intensity modulated brachytherapy. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)06456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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5
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Nie X, Singh M, Chen D, Gilchrist C, Soqrat Y, Shukla M, Creelman A, Dickison V, Nie B, Lavoie J, Bisht V. Development of High-Resolution DNA Melting Analysis for Simultaneous Detection of Potato Mop-Top Virus and Its Vector, Spongospora subterranea, in Soil. Plant Dis 2021; 105:948-957. [PMID: 32915119 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-20-1321-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a set of duplex reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR)-mediated high-resolution DNA melting (HRM) analyses for simultaneous detection of potato mop-virus (PMTV) and its protist vector, Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea (Sss), was developed. The infestation of soil by PMTV was detected with a tobacco-based baiting system. Total RNA extracted from the soil led to successful RT-PCR gel electrophoresis detection of both PMTV and Sss. To facilitate more efficient detection, newly designed primer pairs for PMTV RNA species (i.e., RNA-Rep, RNA-CP, and RNA-TGB) were analyzed together with the existing Sss primers via real-time RT-PCR. The resulting amplicons exhibited melting profiles that could be readily differentiated. Under duplex RT-PCR format, all PMTV and Sss primer combinations led to successful detection of respective PMTV RNA species and Sss in the samples by HRM analyses. When the duplex HRM assay was applied to soil samples collected from six fields at four different sites in New Brunswick, Canada, positive detection of PMTV or Sss was found in 63 to 100% samples collected from fields in which PMTV-infected tubers had been observed. In contrast, the samples from fields where neither PMTV- nor Sss-infected tubers had been observed resulted in negative detection by the assay. Bait tobacco bioassay for PMTV and Sss produced similar results. Of the soil samples collected from PMTV-infested fields, 63 to 83% and 100% led to PMTV and Sss infections in the bait tobacco plants, respectively, whereas no PMTV- or Sss-infected plants were obtained from soil samples collected from PMTV- and Sss-free fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhou Nie
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada
| | - Mathuresh Singh
- Agricultural Certification Services, Fredericton, NB E3B 8B7, Canada
| | - Dahu Chen
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada
| | - Cassandra Gilchrist
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Yasmine Soqrat
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada
- Biology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Manisha Shukla
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada
| | - Alexa Creelman
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada
| | - Virginia Dickison
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada
| | - Bihua Nie
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jacques Lavoie
- New Brunswick Department of Agriculture, Aquaculture and Fisheries, Potato Development Centre, Wicklow, NB E7L 3S4, Canada
| | - Vikram Bisht
- Manitoba Agriculture, Carman, MB R0G 0J0, Canada
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Arrazola JM, Bergholm V, Brádler K, Bromley TR, Collins MJ, Dhand I, Fumagalli A, Gerrits T, Goussev A, Helt LG, Hundal J, Isacsson T, Israel RB, Izaac J, Jahangiri S, Janik R, Killoran N, Kumar SP, Lavoie J, Lita AE, Mahler DH, Menotti M, Morrison B, Nam SW, Neuhaus L, Qi HY, Quesada N, Repingon A, Sabapathy KK, Schuld M, Su D, Swinarton J, Száva A, Tan K, Tan P, Vaidya VD, Vernon Z, Zabaneh Z, Zhang Y. Quantum circuits with many photons on a programmable nanophotonic chip. Nature 2021; 591:54-60. [PMID: 33658692 PMCID: PMC11008968 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Growing interest in quantum computing for practical applications has led to a surge in the availability of programmable machines for executing quantum algorithms1,2. Present-day photonic quantum computers3-7 have been limited either to non-deterministic operation, low photon numbers and rates, or fixed random gate sequences. Here we introduce a full-stack hardware-software system for executing many-photon quantum circuit operations using integrated nanophotonics: a programmable chip, operating at room temperature and interfaced with a fully automated control system. The system enables remote users to execute quantum algorithms that require up to eight modes of strongly squeezed vacuum initialized as two-mode squeezed states in single temporal modes, a fully general and programmable four-mode interferometer, and photon number-resolving readout on all outputs. Detection of multi-photon events with photon numbers and rates exceeding any previous programmable quantum optical demonstration is made possible by strong squeezing and high sampling rates. We verify the non-classicality of the device output, and use the platform to carry out proof-of-principle demonstrations of three quantum algorithms: Gaussian boson sampling, molecular vibronic spectra and graph similarity8. These demonstrations validate the platform as a launchpad for scaling photonic technologies for quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - I Dhand
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - T Gerrits
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - L G Helt
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Hundal
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - J Izaac
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - R Janik
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - J Lavoie
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A E Lita
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | - S W Nam
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - H Y Qi
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - M Schuld
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Su
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - A Száva
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Tan
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P Tan
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Z Vernon
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Y Zhang
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Vaidya VD, Morrison B, Helt LG, Shahrokshahi R, Mahler DH, Collins MJ, Tan K, Lavoie J, Repingon A, Menotti M, Quesada N, Pooser RC, Lita AE, Gerrits T, Nam SW, Vernon Z. Broadband quadrature-squeezed vacuum and nonclassical photon number correlations from a nanophotonic device. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/39/eaba9186. [PMID: 32967824 PMCID: PMC7531882 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba9186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report demonstrations of both quadrature-squeezed vacuum and photon number difference squeezing generated in an integrated nanophotonic device. Squeezed light is generated via strongly driven spontaneous four-wave mixing below threshold in silicon nitride microring resonators. The generated light is characterized with both homodyne detection and direct measurements of photon statistics using photon number-resolving transition-edge sensors. We measure 1.0(1) decibels of broadband quadrature squeezing (~4 decibels inferred on-chip) and 1.5(3) decibels of photon number difference squeezing (~7 decibels inferred on-chip). Nearly single temporal mode operation is achieved, with measured raw unheralded second-order correlations g (2) as high as 1.95(1). Multiphoton events of over 10 photons are directly detected with rates exceeding any previous quantum optical demonstration using integrated nanophotonics. These results will have an enabling impact on scaling continuous variable quantum technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L G Helt
- Xanadu, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
| | | | | | | | - K Tan
- Xanadu, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
| | - J Lavoie
- Xanadu, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
| | | | | | | | - R C Pooser
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - A E Lita
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - T Gerrits
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - S W Nam
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Z Vernon
- Xanadu, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada.
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8
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Gravel S, Lavoué J, Bakhiyi B, Lavoie J, Roberge B, Patry L, Bouchard MF, Verner MA, Zayed J, Labrèche F. Multi-exposures to suspected endocrine disruptors in electronic waste recycling workers: Associations with thyroid and reproductive hormones. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 225:113445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.113445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Marc C, Achille A, É Pepin, Raguema N, Lavoie J, Bertagnolli M. ACTIVATION OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS AND THROMBOSPONDIN-1 ANTI-ANGIOGENIC MECHANISMS IN PLACENTAS OF HYPERTENSIVE MICE. Can J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Gravel S, Lavoué J, Bakhiyi B, Diamond ML, Jantunen LM, Lavoie J, Roberge B, Verner MA, Zayed J, Labrèche F. Halogenated flame retardants and organophosphate esters in the air of electronic waste recycling facilities: Evidence of high concentrations and multiple exposures. Environ Int 2019; 128:244-253. [PMID: 31059919 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to a worldwide increase in production of electronic waste, the e-recycling industry is rapidly rowing. E-recycling workers are exposed to many potentially toxic contaminants, among which flame retardants (FRs), mainly suspected of being endocrine disruptors, are thought to be the most prevalent. OBJECTIVE To conduct an exposure assessment of four chemical groups of FRs in Canadian e-recycling facilities, and to identify the main cofactors of exposure. METHODS Personal air samples were collected over a workday for 85 workers in six e-recycling facilities, grouped into three facility sizes, and for 15 workers in control commercial waste facilities. Total particulate matter was measured by gravimetry with stationary air samples. FRs were collected on OSHA versatile samplers, which allow particulate and vapor phases collection. Fifteen polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners (PBDEs), nine novel brominated (NBFRs), two chlorinated (ClFRs), and fourteen organophosphate ester (OPEs) flame retardants were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sociodemographic data, tasks performed and materials processed by participating workers were recorded. Tobit regressions were used to identify cofactors of exposure, and their conclusions were corroborated using semi-parametric reverse Cox regressions. RESULTS Thirty-nine of the 40 FRs analysed were detected in at least one air sample in e-recycling, and workers in this industry were exposed on average to 26 (range 12 to 39) different substances. The most detected chemical group of FRs in e-recycling was PBDEs with geometric mean sums of all congeners ranging from 120 to 5100 ng/m3, followed by OPEs with 740 to 1000 ng/m3, NBFRs with 7.6 to 100 ng/m3, and finally ClFRs with 3.9 to 32 mg/m3. The most important cofactor of exposure was the size of the e-recycling facility, with the largest one presenting on average 12 times the concentrations found in the control facility. Among tasks as potential cofactors of exposure, manual dismantling and baler operation exposed workers to some of the highest concentrations of PBDEs and ClFRs. There was a reduction of up to 27% in exposure to FRs associated with a 3-year increase in seniority. Finally, particulate matter concentrations in e-recycling facilities were highly correlated with all chemical classes except OPEs, and were higher in the large facility. CONCLUSIONS Among the FRs analysed, PBDE exposure was particularly high in e-recycling. Dust and particulate matter reduction strategies in these workplaces, together with training on proper working practices would certainly be important first steps to lower occupational exposures and prevent potential health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Gravel
- Institut Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Canada.
| | - Jérôme Lavoué
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Canada; Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Centre (CRCHUM), Canada; Université de Montréal Public Health Research Institute (IRSPUM), Canada
| | - Bouchra Bakhiyi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Liisa M Jantunen
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada; Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada
| | - Jacques Lavoie
- Institut Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail, Canada
| | - Brigitte Roberge
- Institut Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail, Canada
| | - Marc-André Verner
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Canada; Université de Montréal Public Health Research Institute (IRSPUM), Canada
| | - Joseph Zayed
- Institut Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Canada; Université de Montréal Public Health Research Institute (IRSPUM), Canada
| | - France Labrèche
- Institut Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Canada; Université de Montréal Public Health Research Institute (IRSPUM), Canada
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Mbareche H, Veillette M, Dubuis MÈ, Bakhiyi B, Marchand G, Zayed J, Lavoie J, Bilodeau GJ, Duchaine C. Fungal bioaerosols in biomethanization facilities. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2018; 68:1198-1210. [PMID: 29939829 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2018.1492472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomethanization is a new technology used for green-waste valorization where organic waste is biodegraded by microbial communities under anaerobic conditions. The main product of this type of anaerobic digestion is a biogas used as an energy source. Moving and handling organic waste may lead to the emission of high concentrations of bioaerosols. High exposure levels are associated with adverse health effects amongst green environment workers. Fungal spores are suspected to play a role in many respiratory illnesses. There is a paucity of information related to the detailed fungal diversity in biomethanization facilities. The aim of this study was to provide an in-depth description of fungal bioaerosols in biomethanization work environments using a next-generation sequencing approach combined with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two biomethanization facilities treating different wastes were visited during the sampling campaign (n = 16). Quantification of Penicillium/Aspergillus and Aspergillus fumigatus revealed a greater exposure risk during summer for both facilities visited. Concentrations of Penicillium and Aspergillus were similar in all work areas in both biomethanization facilities. Taxonomy analyses showed that the type of waste treated affects the fungal diversity of aerosols emitted. Although eight classes were evenly distributed in all samples, Eurotiomycetes were more dominant in the first facility and Agaricomycetes were dominant in the second one. A large diversity profile was observed in bioaerosols from both facilities showing the presence of pathogenic fungi. The following fungi detected are known allergens and/or are opportunistic pathogens: Aspergillus, Malassezia, Emericella, Fusarium, Acremonium, and Candida. Daily exposure to these fungi may put workers at risk. The information from this study can be used as a reference for minimizing occupational exposure in future biomethanization facilities. Implications: Biomethanization is a new technology used for green-waste valorization where organic waste is biodegraded by microbial communities. Effective waste management is increasingly recognized as a strategic approach for achieving newly created regulations concerning the disposal of organic residues; therefore, an expansion of facilities is expected. Workers' exposure to diverse fungal communities is certain, as fungi are ubiquitous and necessary in organic matter decomposition. Monitoring this occupational exposure is important in order to prevent workers' health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Mbareche
- a Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ) , Quebec City , Quebec , Canada
- c Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie , Laval University , Quebec City , Quebec , Canada
| | - Marc Veillette
- a Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ) , Quebec City , Quebec , Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Dubuis
- a Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ) , Quebec City , Quebec , Canada
- c Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie , Laval University , Quebec City , Quebec , Canada
| | - Bouchra Bakhiyi
- b Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et en Sécurité du Travail (IRSST) , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
- d Department of Environmental and Occupational Health , School of Public Health, University of Montreal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - Geneviève Marchand
- b Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et en Sécurité du Travail (IRSST) , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
- d Department of Environmental and Occupational Health , School of Public Health, University of Montreal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - Joseph Zayed
- b Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et en Sécurité du Travail (IRSST) , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
- d Department of Environmental and Occupational Health , School of Public Health, University of Montreal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - Jacques Lavoie
- b Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et en Sécurité du Travail (IRSST) , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
- d Department of Environmental and Occupational Health , School of Public Health, University of Montreal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - Guillaume J Bilodeau
- e Pathogen Identification Research Laboratory , Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Caroline Duchaine
- a Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ) , Quebec City , Quebec , Canada
- c Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie , Laval University , Quebec City , Quebec , Canada
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Brisebois E, Veillette M, Dion-Dupont V, Lavoie J, Corbeil J, Culley A, Duchaine C. Human viral pathogens are pervasive in wastewater treatment center aerosols. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 67:45-53. [PMID: 29778173 PMCID: PMC7128102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment center (WTC) workers may be vulnerable to diseases caused by viruses, such as the common cold, influenza and gastro-intestinal infections. Although there is a substantial body of literature characterizing the microbial community found in wastewater, only a few studies have characterized the viral component of WTC aerosols, despite the fact that most diseases affecting WTC workers are of viral origin and that some of these viruses are transmitted through the air. In this study, we evaluated in four WTCs the presence of 11 viral pathogens of particular concern in this milieu and used a metagenomic approach to characterize the total viral community in the air of one of those WTCs. The presence of viruses in aerosols in different locations of individual WTCs was evaluated and the results obtained with four commonly used air samplers were compared. We detected four of the eleven viruses tested, including human adenovirus (hAdV), rotavirus, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Herpes Simplex virus type 1 (HSV1). The results of the metagenomic assay uncovered very few viral RNA sequences in WTC aerosols, however sequences from human DNA viruses were in much greater relative abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Brisebois
- Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre Vachon, 1045, ave de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada; CRIUCPQ, 2725, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Marc Veillette
- CRIUCPQ, 2725, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Vanessa Dion-Dupont
- Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre Vachon, 1045, ave de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada; CRIUCPQ, 2725, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Jacques Lavoie
- IRSST, 505 Boulevard de Maisonneuve O, Montréal, QC, H3A 3C2, Canada
| | - Jacques Corbeil
- CRCHU, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, RC-709, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Alexander Culley
- Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre Vachon, 1045, ave de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada
| | - Caroline Duchaine
- Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre Vachon, 1045, ave de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada; CRIUCPQ, 2725, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
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Villeneuve CA, Marchand G, Gardette M, Lavoie J, Neesham-Grenon E, Bégin D, Debia M. Assessment of workers' exposure to microorganisms when using biological degreasing stations. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 116:53-59. [PMID: 29175184 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Biological degreasing stations (BDSs) are used by mechanics. These BDSs use a water-based solution with a microbial degradation process. Occupational exposure during the use of BDSs has not been reported and few studies have identified the bacteria present. The objectives were to measure the concentration of microorganisms during BDSs' use and monitor the bacterial community in the liquid over time. Five mechanical workshops were studied. Six 30-min samples were taken at each workshop over one year. Bioaerosols in the ambient air samples were collected with Andersen impactors near the BDS Bioaerosols in the workers' breathing zone (WBZ) were collected on filters. Fresh bio-degreasing fluids were collected from unopened containers, and used bio-degreasing fluids were collected in the BDS. The results show that the use of BDSs does not seem to increase bioaerosols concentrations in the WBZ (concentrations lower than 480 CFU/m3) and that the bacterial communities (mainly yeasts, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in the bio-degreasing fluids change through time and differ from the original community (B. subtilis). This study established that workers using BDSs were exposed to low levels of bioaerosols. No respiratory protection is recommended based on bioaerosols concentrations, but gloves and strict personal hygiene practices are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol-Anne Villeneuve
- Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Geneviève Marchand
- Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Canada; Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail, Canada.
| | - Marie Gardette
- Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Jacques Lavoie
- Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Canada; Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail, Canada
| | - Eve Neesham-Grenon
- Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Denis Bégin
- Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Maximilien Debia
- Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Canada
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Dubuis ME, M'Bareche H, Veillette M, Bakhiyi B, Zayed J, Lavoie J, Duchaine C. Bioaerosols concentrations in working areas in biomethanization facilities. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2017; 67:1258-1271. [PMID: 28718709 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2017.1356762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study sought to fill the gap in information about the type and the concentration of bioaerosols present in the air of biomethanization facilities (BF). Evaluation of bioaerosol composition and concentration was achieved in two biomethanization facilities located in Eastern Canada, during summer and winter. In order to have a thorough understanding of the studied environment, the methodology combined culture of bacteria and molds, qualitiative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for specific microorganisms, endotoxin quantification, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) for bacterial diversity. Results revealed that workers in biomethanization facilities are exposed to bioaerosols and pathogenic microorganisms similar to those found in composting plants. However, human exposure levels to bioaerosols are lower in BF than in composting plants. Despite these differences, use of personal protective equipment is recommended to lower the risks of health problems. IMPLICATIONS Biomethanization is a new technology used in eastern Canada for waste management. In the next few years, it is expected that there will be an expansion of facilities in response of tight governmental regulations. Workers in biomethanization facilities are exposed to various amounts of bioaerosols composed of some harmful microorganisms. Therefore, monitoring this occupational exposure could be an interesting tool for improving worker's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Dubuis
- a Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval , Quebec City , Canada
- b Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie , Université Laval , Quebec City , Canada
| | - Hamza M'Bareche
- a Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval , Quebec City , Canada
| | - Marc Veillette
- a Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval , Quebec City , Canada
| | - Bouchra Bakhiyi
- c Department of Environmental and Occupational Health , School of Public Health, University of Montreal , Montreal , Canada
| | - Joseph Zayed
- c Department of Environmental and Occupational Health , School of Public Health, University of Montreal , Montreal , Canada
- d Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et en Sécurité du travail (IRSST) , Montreal (Qc) , Canada
| | - Jacques Lavoie
- d Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et en Sécurité du travail (IRSST) , Montreal (Qc) , Canada
| | - Caroline Duchaine
- a Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval , Quebec City , Canada
- b Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie , Université Laval , Quebec City , Canada
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15
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Biyeyeme Bi Mve MJ, Cloutier Y, Lacombe N, Lavoie J, Debia M, Marchand G. Comparison of methods to evaluate the fungal biomass in heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) dust. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 189:8. [PMID: 27924457 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5682-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems contain dust that can be contaminated with fungal spores (molds), which may have harmful effects on the respiratory health of the occupants of a building. HVAC cleaning is often based on visual inspection of the quantity of dust, without taking the mold content into account. The purpose of this study is to propose a method to estimate fungal contamination of dust in HVAC systems. Comparisons of different analytical methods were carried out on dust deposited in a controlled-atmosphere exposure chamber. Sixty samples were analyzed using four methods: culture, direct microscopic spore count (DMSC), β-N-acetylhexosaminidase (NAHA) dosing and qPCR. For each method, the limit of detection, replicability, and repeatability were assessed. The Pearson correlation coefficients between the methods were also evaluated. Depending on the analytical method, mean spore concentrations per 100 cm2 of dust ranged from 10,000 to 682,000. Limits of detection varied from 120 to 217,000 spores/100 cm2. Replicability and repeatability were between 1 and 15%. Pearson correlation coefficients varied from -0.217 to 0.83. The 18S qPCR showed the best sensitivity and precision, as well as the best correlation with the culture method. PCR targets only molds, and a total count of fungal DNA is obtained. Among the methods, mold DNA amplification by qPCR is the method suggested for estimating the fungal content found in dust of HVAC systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Jeanne Biyeyeme Bi Mve
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et sécurité du travail, 505 Boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montréal, H3A3C2, Canada
- Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marguerite d'Youville, 2375 Chemin de la côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, H3T 1A8, Canada
| | - Yves Cloutier
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et sécurité du travail, 505 Boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montréal, H3A3C2, Canada
| | - Nancy Lacombe
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et sécurité du travail, 505 Boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montréal, H3A3C2, Canada
| | - Jacques Lavoie
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et sécurité du travail, 505 Boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montréal, H3A3C2, Canada
- Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marguerite d'Youville, 2375 Chemin de la côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, H3T 1A8, Canada
| | - Maximilien Debia
- Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marguerite d'Youville, 2375 Chemin de la côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, H3T 1A8, Canada
| | - Geneviève Marchand
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et sécurité du travail, 505 Boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montréal, H3A3C2, Canada.
- Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marguerite d'Youville, 2375 Chemin de la côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, H3T 1A8, Canada.
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de Denus S, Dubé M, Fouodjio R, Huynh T, Leblanc M, Lepage S, Sheppard R, Giannetti N, Lavoie J, Mansour A, Phillips M, Turgeon J, Provost S, Normand V, Mongrain I, Langlois M, O'Meara E, Ducharme A, Racine N, Guertin M, Tardif J, Rouleau J, White M. A PROSPECTIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF AGTR1 A1166C ON THE NEUROHORMONAL AND HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF CANDESARTAN IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS. Can J Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.07.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Cheneval E, Busque MA, Ostiguy C, Lavoie J, Bourbonnais R, Labrèche F, Bakhiyi B, Zayed J. Green Jobs: Definition and Method of Appraisal of Chemical and Biological Risks. Ann Occup Hyg 2016; 60:290-304. [PMID: 26718400 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mev089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the wake of sustainable development, green jobs are developing rapidly, changing the work environment. However a green job is not automatically a safe job. The aim of the study was to define green jobs, and to establish a preliminary risk assessment of chemical substances and biological agents for workers in Quebec. An operational definition was developed, along with criteria and sustainable development principles to discriminate green jobs from regular jobs. The potential toxicity or hazard associated with their chemical and biological exposures was assessed, and the workers' exposure appraised using an expert assessment method. A control banding approach was then used to assess risks for workers in selected green jobs. A double entry model allowed us to set priorities in terms of chemical or biological risk. Among jobs that present the highest risk potential, several are related to waste management. The developed method is flexible and could be adapted to better appraise the risks that workers are facing or to propose control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Cheneval
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine Busque
- Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 De Maisonneuve BlvdWest, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Claude Ostiguy
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 De Maisonneuve BlvdWest, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Lavoie
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 De Maisonneuve BlvdWest, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert Bourbonnais
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - France Labrèche
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 De Maisonneuve BlvdWest, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bouchra Bakhiyi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Joseph Zayed
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 De Maisonneuve BlvdWest, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Ulsh BA, Dolling J, Lavoie J, Mitchel REJ, Boreham DR. Chromosome Damage Caused by Accidental Chronic Whole-Body Gamma Radiation Exposure in Thailand. Dose Response 2015; 13:1559325815614302. [PMID: 26740811 PMCID: PMC4674019 DOI: 10.1177/1559325815614302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In February 2000, a radiation incident involving a medical 60Co source occurred in a metal scrapyard in Thailand. Several individuals were suspected to have received chronic or fractionated exposures ranging from a few mGy to a several Gy. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization to paint chromosomes, we determined the frequencies of chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 13 people who entered the scrapyard, 3 people who involved in recovering the source, and 9 nearby residents. Aberration frequencies greater than controls were observed in 13 of the donors at 3 months postexposure. The predominant form of aberration observed was simple, complete, symmetrical translocations. An approximate 50% decrease in these aberrations and in total color junctions was observed in 7 donors resampled at 16 months postexposure. Although high, acute exposures are known to have detrimental effects, the biological consequences of chronic, low dose-rate radiation exposures are unclear. Thirteen of the donors had elevated aberration frequencies, and 6 also had symptoms of acute radiation syndrome. If there are any long-term health consequences of this incident, it will most likely occur among this group of individuals. The consequences for the remaining donors, who presumably received lower total doses delivered at lower dose rates, are less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Ulsh
- McMaster University Institute of Applied Radiation Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; M. H. Chew & Associates, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J Dolling
- McMaster University Institute of Applied Radiation Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Lavoie
- McMaster University Institute of Applied Radiation Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - R E J Mitchel
- Chalk River Laboratories, Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
| | - D R Boreham
- McMaster University Institute of Applied Radiation Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Moussa A, Luangxay Y, Tremblay S, Lavoie J, Aube G, Savoie E, Lachance C. 7: Neonatal Endotracheal Intubation Learned with Videolaryngoscope is Maintained with Classic Laryngoscope: Phase 2 of a Crossover Randomized Trial. Paediatr Child Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/20.5.e33a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Lavoie J, Marchand G, Cloutier Y, Hallé S, Nadeau S, Duchaine C, Pichette G. Evaluation of bioaerosol exposures during hospital bronchoscopy examinations. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2015; 17:288-299. [PMID: 25275615 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00359d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
During hospital bronchoscopy examinations, aerosols emitted from the patient's during coughing can be found suspended in the ambient air. The aerosols can contain pathogenic microorganisms. Depending on their size, these microorganisms can remain in the air for a long time. The objective of this study was to measure the sizes and concentrations of the biological and non-biological particles produced during bronchoscopy examinations, and to propose preventive or corrective measures. Two bronchoscopy rooms were studied. An aerodynamic particle sizer (UV-APS) was used to establish the concentrations of the particles present and their size distributions. This instrument determines the aerodynamic diameter of the aerosols and can distinguish fluorescent (bioaerosols) and non-fluorescent particles. Reference concentrations were measured before the start of the examinations (morning background concentrations). They were used as comparison levels for the concentrations measured during and at the end of the bronchoscopies. In parallel, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) made it possible to isolate and understand different factors that can affect the concentration levels in bronchoscopy rooms. The concentrations of the non-fluorescent and fluorescent particles (bioaerosols) were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) during the bronchoscopy examinations than the reference concentrations. For the investigated factors, the bioaerosol concentrations were significantly higher during bronchoscope insertion tasks. The time required at the end of the day for the bioaerosols to reach the morning reference concentrations was about fifteen minutes. The average particle sizes were 2.9 μm for the fluorescent particles (bioaerosols) and 0.9 μm for the non-fluorescent particles. Our models based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) enabled us to observe the behaviour of aerosols for the different rooms.
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Moussa A, Luangxay Y, Tremblay S, Lavoie J, Aube G, Savoie E, Lachance C. 42: Videolaryngoscope vs Classic Laryngoscope in Teaching Neonatal Endotracheal Intubation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Paediatr Child Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/19.6.e35-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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22
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Mohamed I, Rouleau T, Elremaly W, Lavoie J. 89: Early Postnatal Exposure to Oxidants Induces Prolonged Oxidative Stress and Increases the Incidence of Oxidative Stress Related Diseases in Preterm Infants les Less than 29 Weeks Gestational Age. Paediatr Child Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/19.6.e35-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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St-Louis M, Constanzo-Yanez J, Ethier C, Lavoie J, Deschênes E, Perreault J. Red blood cell antigen portrait of self-identified black donors in Quebec. Transfus Med 2014; 24:105-8. [PMID: 24479606 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to establish a red blood cell antigen portrait of self-identified Black donors for the province of Quebec, Canada. BACKGROUND The demand for extensively phenotyped red blood cells is on the rise. A good example is the sickle cell patient cohort. To better answer their transfusion needs, Héma-Québec put forward great efforts to increase the recruitment of donors among cultural communities. MATERIALS AND METHODS In October 2009, an optional question was added on the record of donation to indicate the donor's ethnicity. Self-identified Black donors were extensively phenotyped by the Immunohematology Laboratory, whereas the Research and Development team genotyped red blood cell antigens to complete the picture. RESULTS Approximately 1500 self-identified Black donors have donated blood at least once since the beginning of the programme. Genotyping results predicted rare phenotypes: 18 S-s- (3 U-, 15 U+(w) ), 15 Js(a+b-), 5 Hy-, 3 Jo(a-), 34 hr(B) +(w) /- and 15 hr(B)-. CONCLUSION These Black donors, with or without a rare phenotype, are precious to the patient cohort depending on blood transfusions and to our organisation as the blood provider for the whole province of Quebec.
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Affiliation(s)
- M St-Louis
- Héma-Québec, Research and Development, Quebec City
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24
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Fisher KAG, Broadbent A, Shalm LK, Yan Z, Lavoie J, Prevedel R, Jennewein T, Resch KJ. Quantum computing on encrypted data. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3074. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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25
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de Denus S, Mansour A, Lepage S, Leblanc M, Kouz S, Huynh T, Dion D, Dubé M, Phillips M, Turgeon J, Lavoie J, O'Meara E, Ducharme A, Guertin M, Racine N, Tardif J, Rouleau J, White M. Predictors of Neurohormonal and Hemodynamic Effects of Candesartan in Hf Patients Treated With an Ace Inhibitor. Can J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
The traditional approach to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation involves the administration of myeloablative preparative regimens. This form of conditioning is associated with a relatively high incidence of regimen-related toxicity. As a result, candidates for allogeneic stem cell transplantation may be excluded owing to advanced age or co-morbid medical illness. Recently, so-called "non-myeloablative" regimens have been introduced, where less intense conditioning therapy is used in an attempt to reduce regimen-related toxicity. In addition, non-myeloablative transplantation takes advantage of the graft-versus-tumour effect that is characteristic of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. We review the background, available clinical data, and future directions in non-myeloablative stem cell transplantation, and focus on its potential use in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Seftel
- Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplantation Program of British Columbia, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Center, University of British Columbia, Canada.
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Roy K, O'Meara E, de Denus S, Blondeau L, Ducharme A, White M, Racine N, Liszkowski M, Sirois M, Lavoie J, Rouleau J, Dupuis J. 513 Elevated Osteopontin Levels in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: Describing a Specific Physiopathologal Process. Can J Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.07.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Vitiello D, Harel F, Touyz R, Sirois M, Lavoie J, Gayda M, de Denus S, White M. 370 Increase Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Basal Peripheral Arterial Blood Flow in Ambulatory Patients Suffering from Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Can J Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.07.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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29
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Mohamed I, Rouleau T, Elremaly W, Lavoie J. Does Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Relate to Redox Status in Infants Less than 29 Weeks of Gestational Age? Paediatr Child Health 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/17.suppl_a.7ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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30
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Mohamed I, Rouleau T, Lavoie J. Total Parenteral Nutrition as a Source of Oxidant Load Leading to Bronchopulmoanry Dyplasia. Paediatr Child Health 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/17.suppl_a.34a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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31
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Dawson AJ, McGowan-Jordan J, Chernos J, Xu J, Lavoie J, Wang JC, Steinraths M, Shetty S. Canadian College of Medical Geneticists guidelines for the indications, analysis, and reporting of cancer specimens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 18:e250-5. [PMID: 21980257 DOI: 10.3747/co.v18i5.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Canadian College of Medical Geneticists (ccmg) is a national organization of medical and laboratory geneticists. The mission of the ccmg is to establish and maintain high-quality professional and ethical standards for medical genetics services in Canada and to help to ensure that service of the highest quality is delivered to the Canadian public.Cancer cytogenetics is one of the sections of practice of the ccmg. The ccmg Cytogenetic Committee has, therefore, put forward guidelines to provide oncologists and ccmg cytogeneticists with a comprehensive review of the cytogenetic diagnostic tests that are recommended as a minimum standard of care for tumours of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues and for tumours of soft tissue and bone. The guidelines were approved by the ccmg board of directors in June 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Dawson
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Diagnostic Services Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB. (Chair, ccmg Cytogenetic Committee 2009-2010)
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Lavoie J, Srinivasan S, Nagarajan R. Using cheminformatics to find simulants for chemical warfare agents. J Hazard Mater 2011; 194:85-91. [PMID: 21872989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Direct experimentation with chemical warfare agents (CWA) to study important problems such as their permeation across protective barrier materials, decontamination of equipment and facilities, or the environmental transport and fate of CWAs is not feasible because of the obvious toxicity of the CWAs and associated restrictions on their laboratory use. The common practice is to use "simulants," namely, analogous chemicals that closely resemble the CWAs but are less toxic, with the expectation that the results attained for simulants can be correlated to how the CWAs would perform. Simulants have been traditionally chosen by experts, by means of intuition, using similarity in one or more physical properties (such as vapor pressure or aqueous solubility) or in the molecular structural features (such as functional groups) between the stimulant and the CWA. This work is designed to automate the simulant identification process backed by quantitative metrics, by means of chemical similarity search software routinely used in pharmaceutical drug discovery. The question addressed here is: By the metrics of such software, how similar are traditional simulants to CWAs? That is, what is the numerical "distance" between each CWA and its customary simulants in the quantitative space of molecular descriptors? The answers show promise for finding close but less toxic simulants for the ever-increasing numbers of CWAs objectively and fast.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lavoie
- Molecular Sciences and Engineering Team, U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development & Engineering Center, 15 Kansas Street, Natick, MA 01760, USA
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de Denus S, Phillps M, Dubé M, Turgeon J, Lavoie J, Guertin M, O'Meara E, Ducharme A, Racine N, Tardif J, Rouleau J, White M. 510 Baseline characteristics, hemodynamic, clinical and biochemical response to candesartan in a prospective, multicenter pharmacogenomic study of heart failure patients already receiving an ace inhibitor. Can J Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2011.07.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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Lavoie J, Marchand G, Cloutier Y, Lavoué J. Validation of the criteria for initiating the cleaning of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) ductwork under real conditions. J Occup Environ Hyg 2011; 8:467-472. [PMID: 21722081 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2011.590740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Dust accumulation in the components of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems is a potential source of contaminants. To date, very little information is available on recognized methods for assessing dust buildup in these systems. The few existing methods are either objective in nature, involving numerical values, or subjective in nature, based on experts' judgments. An earlier project aimed at assessing different methods of sampling dust in ducts was carried out in the laboratories of the Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST). This laboratory study showed that all the sampling methods were practicable, provided that a specific surface-dust cleaning initiation criterion was used for each method. However, these conclusions were reached on the basis of ideal conditions in a laboratory using a reference dust. The objective of this present study was to validate these laboratory results in the field. To this end, the laboratory sampling templates were replicated in real ducts and the three sampling methods (the IRSST method, the method of the U.S. organization National Air Duct Cleaner Association [NADCA] and that of the French organization Association pour la Prévention et l'Étude de la Contamination [ASPEC]) were used simultaneously in a statistically representative number of systems. The air return and supply ducts were also compared. Cleaning initiation criteria under real conditions were found to be 6.0 mg/100 cm(2) using the IRSST method, 2.0 mg/100 cm(2) using the NADCA method, and 23 mg/100 cm(2) using the ASPEC method. In the laboratory study, the criteria using the same methods were 6.0 for the IRSST method, 2.0 for the NADCA method, and 3.0 for the ASPEC method. The laboratory criteria for the IRSST and NADCA methods were therefore validated in the field. The ASPEC criterion was the only one to change. The ASPEC method therefore allows for the most accurate evaluation of dust accumulation in HVAC ductwork. We therefore recommend using the latter method to objectively assess dust accumulation levels in HVAC ductwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Lavoie
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST) , Montréal , Québec , Canada.
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35
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Dawson AJ, Chernos J, McGowan-Jordan J, Lavoie J, Shetty S, Steinraths M, Wang JC, Xu J. CCMG guidelines: prenatal and postnatal diagnostic testing for uniparental disomy. Clin Genet 2010; 79:118-24. [PMID: 21039433 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this statement is to provide clinicians, cytogeneticists and molecular geneticists of the Canadian College of Medical Geneticists (CCMG) a comprehensive review of the role of UPD in constitutional genetic diagnosis and to provide a guideline as to when investigation for UPD is recommended. Members of the CCMG Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics, Clinical Practice, and Prenatal Diagnosis committees reviewed the relevant literature on uniparental disomy (UPD) in constitutional genetic diagnosis (May 2010). Guidelines were developed for UPD testing in Canada. The guidelines were circulated for comment to the CCMG members at large and following appropriate modification, approved by the CCMG Board of Directors (July 2010).
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Dawson
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Diagnostic Services Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the various anesthetic techniques used for surgical closure of PDA in premature infants at the Montreal Children's Hospital and assess their impact on postoperative outcome. STUDY DESIGN The charts of all preterms who underwent PDA ligation during a 21-month period were reviewed for preoperative status, intraoperative anesthetic management and postoperative outcome. We determined the associations between independent variables and two postoperative outcome variables: unstable postoperative respiratory course (UPRC) and hypotension. RESULT The mean weight at surgery of the 33 infants was 1.031±0.29 kg. All infants, but one, received intraoperative opioids. Eight patients presented UPRC. Mean fentanyl doses were 5.3±2.6 mcg kg(-1) for patients with UPRC vs 22.6±16.6 mcg kg(-1) for patients without UPRC (P=0.004). Applying the receiver-operator characteristic curve (ROC), 10.5 mcg kg(-1) of fentanyl was established as the dose that discriminated and identified patients who experienced UPRC. The postnatal and postmenstrual age of the patient, birthweight, current weight, ventilator settings preoperatively, previous courses of indomethacin, sex and preoperative creatinine, were not correlated with the dose of fentanyl equivalent used. Logistic regression did not show a relationship between any of the previously mentioned factors and receiving a fentanyl equivalent of >10.5 mcg kg(-1). The only factor associated with the total fentanyl equivalent dose (as a continuous variable) or receiving <10.5 mcg kg(-1) (as a dichotomous variable) was the identity of the anesthetist involved, P<0.001. CONCLUSION We conclude that the use of at least 10.5 mcg kg(-1) of fentanyl equivalent as a component of the anesthetic regimen for surgical closure of a PDA in premature infants, avoids an unstable postoperative respiratory course.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Janvier
- Department of Neonatology, Ste Justine Hospital, Cote St Catherine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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St-Louis M, Perreault J, Lavoie J, Émond J, St-Laurent J, Long A, Richard M. Génotypage de 21 000 donneurs de sang au Québec et analyse du RHD. Transfus Clin Biol 2010; 17:242-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Lavoie
- a Institut de Recherche en Santé et en Sécurité du Travail (IRSST), 505 w. de Maisonneuve, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 3C2
| | - Brigitte Roberge
- a Institut de Recherche en Santé et en Sécurité du Travail (IRSST), 505 w. de Maisonneuve, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 3C2
| | - Jean Lambert
- b Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2375, chemin de la Côte Ste-Catherine, bureau 6080, Montréal, Québec Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Louis Lazure
- c Montréal Urban Community Transit Corporation, 8845 St-Laurent, 5th floor, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H2N 1M3
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Marchand G, Lavoie J, Racine L, Lacombe N, Cloutier Y, Bélanger E, Lemelin C, Desroches J. Evaluation of bacterial contamination and control methods in soluble metalworking fluids. J Occup Environ Hyg 2010; 7:358-366. [PMID: 20379898 DOI: 10.1080/15459621003741631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, 1.2 million workers are exposed to metalworking fluids. During operations, aerosols are produced and airborne contaminants can be inhaled. Although biocides are used to control the bacterial content of metalworking fluids, they can create health-related problems, and their efficiency remains to be proved. The objectives of this project were (1) to verify whether rigorous cleaning according to a standard protocol could reduce microbial contamination and (2) whether the use of biocides with different spectra could reduce the bacterial population. Four similar machines producing similar components were evaluated; a specific treatment was applied to each machine. The machine used as a control (1) was thoroughly cleaned prior to sampling, (2) did not undergo any major cleaning afterward, and (3) was operated without the use of any biocide. A major cleaning is a protocol described and recommended by the fluid manufacturer and was performed on the three other machines, two of which were subsequently treated with biocides weekly. Fluid samples from the four lathes were collected weekly during a 6-month period, and total bacterial and cultivable Gram-negative bacteria were analyzed for each sample. Major cleaning of the machines (120-4) did not significantly reduce the concentration of bacteria in the cutting fluids when compared with the control machine (120-3), which had not undergone major cleaning. The concentrations of total bacteria were in the 10(6) CFU/mL range for these two lathes; however, a reduction in the total number of fluid changes was observed for this machine. Bacterial flora in the cutting fluids was significantly controlled with the use of biocides. Bacteria concentrations were in the 10(3)-10(5) CFU/mL range for the lathes with the use of biocides. Since thorough cleaning is insufficient and biocides are recognized as being responsible for some worker health problems, other avenues for controlling bacterial flora in cutting fluids should be evaluated to reduce worker exposure to their bacterial contaminants.
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Abstract
Respiratory problems are observed in machinists using soluble metalworking fluid (MWF). Evidences suggest that these problems could be related to the aerosolized microorganisms and their byproducts from MWF. To establish MWF aerosol exposure thresholds and to better understand their effect on human health, these aerosols must be fully characterized. This article evaluates airborne microorganisms and aerosols from soluble MWF in the working environment. Air quality parameters (endotoxin levels, culturable airborne microorganisms, fluid mist, inhalable dust and air exchange rates) were evaluated at 44 sites, in 25 shops in Quebec, Canada. Microorganism concentrations were also measured in MWF. Culturable airborne bacteria concentrations were low, ranging from 1.2 x 10(1) to 1.5 x 10(3) CFU (colony forming units) m(-3), even for metalworking fluid highly contaminated by bacteria (up to 2.4 x 10(9) CFU mL(-1)). Inhalable dust varied between < 0.1 to 2.6 mg m(-3), while air exchange rates were mostly below the standard (4 h(-1)) for this type of workplace, between 0.6 to 14.2 h(-1). Only nine of 44 sites respected the suggested minimum value for air exchange rates. Fluid mist ranged from 0.02 to 0.89 mg m(-3), which is below the threshold limit value (TLV) (ACGIH) of 5 mg m(-3). Airborne endotoxin concentrations ranged from undetectable to 183 EU m(-3) (endotoxin units), showing no correlation with airborne microorganisms or inhalable dust. Most workstations respected the suggested minimum values for fluid mist and showed low concentrations of airborne endotoxin, culturable microorganisms and inhalable dust despite fluid contamination, even when air exchange rates were below the recommendations. Airborne Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes was recovered from many sites at significant concentrations. Health-associated risks following exposure to this microorganism should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gilbert
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Quebec, Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada
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Lavoie J, Godbout S, Lemay SP, Belzile M. Impact of in-barn manure separation on biological air quality in an experimental setup identical to that in swine buildings. J Agric Saf Health 2009; 15:225-40. [PMID: 19728546 DOI: 10.13031/2013.27407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In-barn manure separation systems are becoming popular due to various environmental pressures on the swine industry. According to the literature, separation of feces and urine directly underneath the slats should have a positive impact on barn air quality. Removal and rapid separation of the two phases (solid/liquid) would reduce the dust and bioaerosol emissions, which would significantly improve the air quality in pig-housing facilities. From an occupational health and safety perspective, the maximum endotoxin and total bacteria concentrations to ensure workers' safety should not exceed 450 endotoxin units per cubic meter of air (EU m(-3)) and 10(4) colony-forming units per cubic meter of air (CFU m(-3)), respectively. In the current study, the effect on air quality of six in-barn manure handling systems was measured. A flat scraper system and four separation systems installed under the slats (a conveyor belt system, a conveyor net system, and a V-shaped scraper operated at two operation frequencies) were evaluated and compared to a conventional pull-plug system (control). The experiment took place in twelve independent and identical rooms housing four grower-finisher pigs each, and air samples were collected and analyzed for total dust, endotoxins, bacteria, and mold counts. The results obtained from this experimental setup show that the separation of feces and urine under the slats would concentrate at least 80% of the phosphorus in the solid phase. The total bacteria and endotoxin concentrations are lower than those found in commercial hog barns but remain higher than the recommended levels. Only the total dust concentrations are approximately 10% of their regulated value. This separation has no impact on dust and bioaerosol concentrations compared to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lavoie
- Institut de Recherché Robert-Sauvé en Santé et en Sécurité du Travail (IRSST), Montreal, Québec, Canada.
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Abstract
Chirped-pulse interferometry (CPI) captures the metrological advantages of quantum Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferometry in a completely classical system. Modified HOM interferometers are the basis for a number of seminal quantum-interference effects. Here, the corresponding modifications to CPI allow for the first observation of classical analogues to the HOM peak and quantum beating. They also allow a new classical technique for generating phase super-resolution exhibiting a coherence length dramatically longer than that of the laser light, analogous to increased two-photon coherence lengths in entangled states.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kaltenbaek
- Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada, N2L 3G1
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Perreault J, Lavoie J, Painchaud P, Côté M, Constanzo-Yanez J, Côté R, Delage G, Gendron F, Dubuc S, Caron B, Lemieux R, St-Louis M. Set-up and routine use of a database of 10,555 genotyped blood donors to facilitate the screening of compatible blood components for alloimmunized patients. Vox Sang 2009; 97:61-8. [PMID: 19490581 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2009.01177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Large-scale genotyping of blood donors for red blood cell and platelet antigens has been predicted to replace phenotyping assays in the screening of compatible blood components for alloimmunized patients. Although several genotyping platforms have been described, novel procedures and processes are needed to perform genotyping efficiently and to maximize its benefits for blood banks. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here we describe the processes and procedures developed to introduce large-scale genotyping in our routine operations. RESULTS Preliminary cost-benefit analysis indicated that genotyping must target frequent blood donors (> 3 donations/year) to be efficiently used. A custom-designed computer application was developed to manage the whole project. It selects frequent donors among recent donations, prints coded labels to identify blood samples sent to the external genotyping laboratory, and stores genotyping results. It can search for donors compatible for any combination of the 22 genotyped antigens as well as consult the current inventory for the presence of the corresponding blood components. The phenotype of recovered components is confirmed by standard serology techniques prior to shipment to hospitals. CONCLUSION Since October 2007, 10 555 blood donors have been genotyped. The database is used on a regular basis to find compatible blood components with a genotype-phenotype concordance of 99.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Perreault
- Héma-Québec, Research and Development, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
Quantum-optical coherence tomography (Q-OCT) is an interferometric technique for axial imaging offering several advantages over conventional methods. Chirped-pulse interferometry (CPI) was recently demonstrated to exhibit all of the benefits of the quantum interferometer upon which Q-OCT is based. Here we use CPI to measure axial interferograms to profile a sample accruing the important benefits of Q-OCT, including automatic dispersion cancellation, but with 10 million times higher signal. Our technique solves the artifact problem in Q-OCT and highlights the power of classical correlation in optical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lavoie
- Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada, N2L 3G1
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Boiteau G, Singh M, Lavoie J. Crop border and mineral oil sprays used in combination as physical control methods of the aphid-transmitted potato virus Y in potato. Pest Manag Sci 2009; 65:255-259. [PMID: 19039809 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this work were to determine if the control of potato virus Y (PVY, genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) in seed potato could be improved by combining border crops and mineral oil sprays, and if the border crop acts as a barrier or a virus sink. RESULTS Field tests over 3 years confirmed that mineral oils alone are an effective barrier to PVY, and showed that borders alone act as a PVY sink. Combining the familiar mineral oil and the more recent crop border methods was almost twice as effective in reducing PVY incidence as either one used alone. The combination provided consistently high PVY control compared with the variable and often lower level of control by either method alone. The contribution of the oil to PVY reduction was similar whether it was applied to the border, the center seed plot, or both. Oil application to the border alone should not affect efficacy and would help keep control costs down. CONCLUSION Combining border and oil provided the best reduction in PVY incidence 3 years out of 3, providing producers with a tool to reduce year-to-year variation in the effectiveness of crop borders or oil sprays used separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Boiteau
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Potato Research Center, PO Box 20280, Fredericton NB E3B 4Z7, Canada.
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Soulez G, Allard L, Heon H, Qi S, Lavoie J, Lerouge S, Cloutier G. Abstract No. 77: Creation of Carotid Atheromatous Plaque in a Diabetic Pig Model. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2007.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Lavoie J, Dunkerley CJ, Kosatsky T, Dufresne A. Exposure to aerosolized bacteria and fungi among collectors of commercial, mixed residential, recyclable and compostable waste. Sci Total Environ 2006; 370:23-8. [PMID: 16930679 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2006] [Revised: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Biological hazards associated with the collection of solid and compostable waste have not been well characterized in North America. This is an issue because workers who handle such materials may be exposed to bioaerosols (airborne bacteria and fungi) and dusts resulting in infections or allergic diseases. We conducted a personal sampling campaign for culturable bacteria and fungi in the breathing zones of waste collectors in a variety of typical work settings (scenarios) in the province of Quebec, Canada. Total culturable bacterial and fungal counts were analyzed and compared to ambient environmental levels (background) to determine the degree of incremental exposure among workers. In several scenarios, worker exposure counts were significantly (p < or = 0.05) higher than ambient levels measured upwind, with the highest personal exposures to bacteria observed for urban compostable waste collectors (median = 50,300 Colony Forming Units/m(3) of air (CFU/m(3))). On the other hand, fungal counts collected on an every-other-week cycle were highest among a group of rural compostable waste collectors (median = 101,700 CFU/m(3)). Similar exposures to culturable bacteria and fungi have been reported in European workers who showed such adverse health effects as nausea, diarrhea, upper respiratory tract irritation, and allergy. Therefore, it may be necessary to modify certain work practices in order to minimize exposure. Recommendations include automation of waste and compost collection, use of personal protective equipment including goggles, gloves, and disposable masks, and meticulous personal hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Lavoie
- Industrial Hygienist, Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et en Sécurité du Travail du Québec, 505 de Maisonneuve West, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 3C2.
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Doocey R, Seftel M, Barnett M, Bredeson C, Forrest D, Hogge D, Lavoie J, Nantel S, Nevill T, Shepherd J, Sutherland H, Toze C, Smith C, Song K. Autologous stem cell transplantation for poor prognosis germ cell tumors: Long term follow-up of a multi-center experience. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2005.11.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ryan L, Lavoie J, Schnarr K, Almardini M, Ho A, Boreham D. Sci-AM Fri - 04: Radiation induced apoptosis and chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes: Estimating the risks associated with radiation exposures. Med Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2031020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Morris D, Knox D, Lavoie J, Lemon J, Boreham D. Po-Poster - 28: Examination of gene expression in p53(+/−) mice exposed to low dose radiation using Affymetrix cDNA microarrays. Med Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2031007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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