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McColl-Carboni A, Dollive S, Laughlin S, Lushi R, MacArthur M, Zhou S, Gagnon J, Smith CA, Burnham B, Horton R, Lata D, Uga B, Natu K, Michel E, Slater C, DaSilva E, Bruccoleri R, Kelly T, McGivney JB. Analytical characterization of full, intermediate, and empty AAV capsids. Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41434-024-00444-2. [PMID: 38374348 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-024-00444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Manufacturing of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors produces three types of capsids: full, intermediate, and empty. While there are different opinions about the impact of intermediate and empty capsids on safety and efficacy of AAV products, they are generally considered impurities because they are not the intended fully intact vector product. The presence of these impurities could impact product efficacy due to potential competition with fully packaged AAVs for cellular transduction, as well as have potential implications to patient safety due to increased capsid load during dosing. To determine the impact of intermediate capsids on potency, an AAV preparation was separated into fractions enriched for full, intermediate, or empty capsids. Using a matrix of in vitro (infectivity, gene expression, biological activity) and in vivo potency assays to determine potency as a function of capsid content, our results indicate that while intermediate capsids contribute to the vector genome titer of the product and are equally as infectious as full capsids, they do not contribute to the potency of the AAV product. This study confirms the criticality of reducing and controlling the level of intermediate capsids to ensure a more efficacious AAV product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serena Dollive
- Oxford Biomedica (US) LLC, 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
| | - Sarah Laughlin
- Oxford Biomedica (US) LLC, 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
| | - Rudenc Lushi
- Oxford Biomedica (US) LLC, 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
| | | | - Shanshan Zhou
- Oxford Biomedica (US) LLC, 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gagnon
- Oxford Biomedica (US) LLC, 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
| | | | - Brenda Burnham
- Oxford Biomedica (US) LLC, 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
| | - Robert Horton
- Oxford Biomedica (US) LLC, 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
| | - Dimpal Lata
- Oxford Biomedica (US) LLC, 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
| | - Brianna Uga
- Oxford Biomedica (US) LLC, 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
| | - Kalyani Natu
- Oxford Biomedica (US) LLC, 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
| | - Emmanuela Michel
- Oxford Biomedica (US) LLC, 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
| | - Celia Slater
- Oxford Biomedica (US) LLC, 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
| | - Evan DaSilva
- Oxford Biomedica (US) LLC, 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
| | | | - Tim Kelly
- Oxford Biomedica (US) LLC, 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
| | - James B McGivney
- Oxford Biomedica (US) LLC, 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA.
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McGivney JB, Csordas AT, Walker FM, Bagley ER, Gruber EM, Mage PL, Casas-Finet J, Nakamoto MA, Eisenstein M, Larkin CJ, Strouse RJ, Soh HT. Strategy for Generating Sequence-Defined Aptamer Reagent Sets for Detecting Protein Contaminants in Biotherapeutics. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3262-3269. [PMID: 29436820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Biologic drugs are typically manufactured in mammalian host cells, and it is critical from a drug safety and efficacy perspective to detect and remove host cell proteins (HCPs) during production. This is currently achieved with sets of polyclonal antibodies (pAbs), but these suffer from critical shortcomings because their composition is inherently undefined, and they cannot detect nonimmunogenic HCPs. In this work, we report a high-throughput screening and array-based binding characterization strategy that we employed to generate a set of aptamers that overcomes these limitations to achieve sensitive, broad-spectrum detection of HCPs from the widely used Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. We identified a set of 32 DNA aptamers that achieve better sensitivity than a commercial pAb reagent set and can detect a comparable number of HCPs over a broad range of isoelectric points and sizes. Importantly, these aptamers detect multiple contaminants that are known to be responsible for therapeutic antibody degradation and toxicity in patients. Because HCP aptamer reagents are sequence-defined and chemically synthesized, we believe they may enable safer production of biologic drugs, and this strategy should be broadly applicable for the generation of HCP detection reagents for other cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B McGivney
- BioPharmaceutical Development , MedImmune, LLC , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20878 , United States
| | - Andrew T Csordas
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
| | - Faye M Walker
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
| | - Elizabeth R Bagley
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Emily M Gruber
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
| | - Peter L Mage
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Jose Casas-Finet
- BioPharmaceutical Development , MedImmune, LLC , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20878 , United States
| | - Margaret A Nakamoto
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Michael Eisenstein
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
| | - Christopher J Larkin
- BioPharmaceutical Development , MedImmune, LLC , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20878 , United States
| | - Robert J Strouse
- BioPharmaceutical Development , MedImmune, LLC , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20878 , United States
| | - H Tom Soh
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States.,Department of Radiology , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
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3
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Zhang Z, Albanetti T, Linkous T, Larkin CJ, Schoner R, McGivney JB, Dovichi NJ. Comprehensive analysis of host cell impurities in monoclonal antibodies with improved sensitivity by capillary zone electrophoresis mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:401-407. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame IN USA
| | - Thomas Albanetti
- BioPharmaceutical Development, MedImmune LLC; One MedImmune Way; Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - Travis Linkous
- BioPharmaceutical Development, MedImmune LLC; One MedImmune Way; Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - Christopher J. Larkin
- BioPharmaceutical Development, MedImmune LLC; One MedImmune Way; Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - Ronald Schoner
- BioPharmaceutical Development, MedImmune LLC; One MedImmune Way; Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - James B. McGivney
- BioPharmaceutical Development, MedImmune LLC; One MedImmune Way; Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - Norman J Dovichi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame IN USA
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Zhu G, Sun L, Heidbrink-Thompson J, Kuntumalla S, Lin HY, Larkin CJ, McGivney JB, Dovichi NJ. Capillary zone electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry detects low concentration host cell impurities in monoclonal antibodies. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:616-22. [PMID: 26530276 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have evaluated CZE-ESI-MS/MS for detection of trace amounts of host cell protein impurities in recombinant therapeutics. Compared to previously published procedures, we have optimized the buffer pH used in the formation of a pH junction to increase injection volume. We also prepared a 5-point calibration curve by spiking 12 standard proteins into a solution of a human mAb. A custom CZE-MS/MS system was used to analyze the tryptic digest of this mixture without depletion of the antibody. CZE generated a ∼70-min separation window (∼90-min total analysis duration) and ∼300-peak capacity. We also analyzed the sample using ultra-performance LC-MS/MS. CZE-MS/MS generated approximately five times higher base peak intensity and more peptide identifications for low-level spiked proteins. Both methods detected all proteins spiked at ∼100 ppm level with respect to the antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Hung-yu Lin
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - James B McGivney
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Norman J Dovichi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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Zhu G, Sun L, Albanetti T, Linkous T, Larkin C, Schoner R, McGivney JB, Dovichi NJ. Quantitative analysis of the supernatant from host and transfected CHO cells using iTRAQ 8-plex technique. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:2140-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame Indiana 46556
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame Indiana 46556
| | - Thomas Albanetti
- BioPharmaceutical Development MedImmune LLC; Gaithersburg Maryland
| | - Travis Linkous
- BioPharmaceutical Development MedImmune LLC; Gaithersburg Maryland
| | | | - Ronald Schoner
- BioPharmaceutical Development MedImmune LLC; Gaithersburg Maryland
| | | | - Norman J. Dovichi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame Indiana 46556
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Paidi SK, Siddhanta S, Strouse R, McGivney JB, Larkin C, Barman I. Rapid Identification of Biotherapeutics with Label-Free Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2016; 88:4361-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Paidi
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Soumik Siddhanta
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Robert Strouse
- Bioprocess
Development, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - James B McGivney
- Bioprocess
Development, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Christopher Larkin
- Bioprocess
Development, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department
of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
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7
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Zhu G, Sun L, Linkous T, Kernaghan D, McGivney JB, Dovichi NJ. Absolute quantitation of host cell proteins in recombinant human monoclonal antibodies with an automated CZE-ESI-MS/MS system. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1448-52. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame IN USA
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame IN USA
| | - Travis Linkous
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology; MedImmune; Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - Dawn Kernaghan
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology; MedImmune; Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - James B. McGivney
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology; MedImmune; Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - Norman J. Dovichi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame IN USA
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8
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Zhu G, Sun L, Wojcik R, Kernaghan D, McGivney JB, Dovichi NJ. A rapid cIEF–ESI–MS/MS method for host cell protein analysis of a recombinant human monoclonal antibody. Talanta 2012; 98:253-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Dragan AI, Pavlovic R, McGivney JB, Casas-Finet JR, Bishop ES, Strouse RJ, Schenerman MA, Geddes CD. SYBR Green I: fluorescence properties and interaction with DNA. J Fluoresc 2012. [PMID: 22534954 DOI: 10.1007/s11468-012-9366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the fluorescence properties of SYBR Green I (SG) dye and its interaction with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). SG/dsDNA complexes were studied using various spectroscopic techniques, including fluorescence resonance energy transfer and time-resolved fluorescence techniques. It is shown that SG quenching in the free state has an intrinsic intramolecular origin; thus, the observed >1,000-fold SG fluorescence enhancement in complex with DNA can be explained by a dampening of its intra-molecular motions. Analysis of the obtained SG/DNA binding isotherms in solutions of different ionic strength and of SG/DNA association in the presence of a DNA minor groove binder, Hoechst 33258, revealed multiple modes of interaction of SG inner groups with DNA. In addition to interaction within the DNA minor groove, both intercalation between base pairs and stabilization of the electrostatic SG/DNA complex contributed to increased SG affinity to double-stranded DNA. We show that both fluorescence and the excited state lifetime of SG dramatically increase in viscous solvents, demonstrating an approximate 200-fold enhancement in 100 % glycerol, compared to water, which also makes SG a prospective fluorescent viscosity probe. A proposed structural model of the SG/DNA complex is compared and discussed with results recently reported for the closely related PicoGreen chromophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Dragan
- Institute of Fluorescence, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
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McGivney JB, Bishop E, Miller K, Casas-Finet J, Yang H, Wei Z, Strouse R, Schenerman M. Evaluation of a synthetic peptide as a replacement for the recombinant fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus in a potency ELISA. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 54:572-6. [PMID: 20943340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the development of a potency ELISA using a peptide derived from the motavizumab binding epitope of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F-protein. Motavizumab is an antibody therapeutic studied for the prevention of RSV disease. It binds to the RSV glycoprotein F (F-protein), blocking the ability of RSV to fuse with target cells. This binding is the basis for a potency ELISA, however, due to inefficient F-protein production, development of an alternative ligand for the potency ELISA was investigated. A series of synthetic peptides spanning the motavizumab epitope on F-protein were evaluated for motavizumab binding activity. A 26-mer peptide was identified with desirable motavizumab binding kinetics, as shown by ELISA and surface plasmon resonance. The peptide corresponds to a portion of the motavizumab binding domain on the F-protein, and is referred to as F-peptide. The binding of motavizumab to the F-peptide is used in a new motavizumab potency ELISA, which was shown to be robust and statistically comparable to the F-protein ELISA. In addition, based on a qualitative observation, this new ELISA may be able to detect motavizumab degradation with greater sensitivity compared to the F-protein ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B McGivney
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, MedImmune, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States.
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