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Kuzi S, Zgairy S, Byrne BA, Suchodolski J, Turjeman SC, Park SY, Aroch I, Hong M, Koren O, Lavy E. Giardiasis and diarrhea in dogs: Does the microbiome matter? J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:152-160. [PMID: 37890857 PMCID: PMC10800182 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Giardia duodenalis (Gd) causes intestinal parasitosis. The involvement of the intestinal microbiome in determining the infection's clinical phenotype is unknown. OBJECTIVE Investigate the fecal microbiome features in dogs with giardiasis. ANIMALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study, including fecal samples of kenneled dogs with Gd diagnosed by fecal Giardia antigen dot ELISA. The fecal microbial compositional characteristics and dysbiosis index (DI) were compared between diarrheic and nondiarrheic dogs. RESULTS Fecal samples of 38 Gd-infected dogs (diarrheic, 21; nondiarrheic, 17) were included. No differences were found in Faith's phylogenic diversity and beta diversity (weighted UniFrac distances) and in specific taxa abundances at the phylum, genus, and species levels, as well as in alpha and beta diversities between diarrheic and nondiarrheic dogs, and also when divided by sex or age. Among diarrheic dogs, alpha diversity was higher in males than in females (pairwise Kruskal-Wallis, q = 0.01). Among males, fecal abundances of the genus Clostridium (W = 19) and Clostridium spiroforme species (W = 33) were higher in diarrheic compared to nondiarrheic dogs. In diarrheic dog fecal samples, Proteobacteria were more prevalent (W = 1), whereas Verrucomicrobia were less prevalent in dogs <1 year of age than in older dogs. The fecal sample DI of 19 diarrheic and 19 nondiarrheic dogs was similar (median, -0.2; range, -4.3 to 4.5 and median, -1.0; range, -4.3 to 5.8, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The fecal microbial composition of symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs with giardiasis is similar. Based on fecal DI, giardiasis is not characterized by prominent dysbiosis. Other host and parasite characteristics might determine the severity of giardiasis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Kuzi
- Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and Environment Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - Soha Zgairy
- Azrieli Faculty of MedicineBar‐Ilan UniversitySafedIsrael
| | - Barbara A. Byrne
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and ImmunologyUniversity of California—DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jan Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | | | - So Young Park
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Itamar Aroch
- Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and Environment Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - Mike Hong
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of MedicineBar‐Ilan UniversitySafedIsrael
| | - Eran Lavy
- Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and Environment Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
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Cross TWL, Simpson AMR, Lin CY, Hottmann NM, Bhatt AP, Pellock SJ, Nelson ER, Loman BR, Wallig MA, Vivas EI, Suchodolski J, Redinbo MR, Rey FE, Swanson KS. Gut microbiome responds to alteration in female sex hormone status and exacerbates metabolic dysfunction. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2295429. [PMID: 38153260 PMCID: PMC10761013 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2295429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Women are at significantly greater risk of metabolic dysfunction after menopause, which subsequently leads to numerous chronic illnesses. The gut microbiome is associated with obesity and metabolic dysfunction, but its interaction with female sex hormone status and the resulting impact on host metabolism remains unclear. Herein, we characterized inflammatory and metabolic phenotypes as well as the gut microbiome associated with ovariectomy and high-fat diet feeding, compared to gonadal intact and low-fat diet controls. We then performed fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using gnotobiotic mice to identify the impact of ovariectomy-associated gut microbiome on inflammatory and metabolic outcomes. We demonstrated that ovariectomy led to greater gastrointestinal permeability and inflammation of the gut and metabolic organs, and that a high-fat diet exacerbated these phenotypes. Ovariectomy also led to alteration of the gut microbiome, including greater fecal β-glucuronidase activity. However, differential changes in the gut microbiome only occurred when fed a low-fat diet, not the high-fat diet. Gnotobiotic mice that received the gut microbiome from ovariectomized mice fed the low-fat diet had greater weight gain and hepatic gene expression related to metabolic dysfunction and inflammation than those that received intact sham control-associated microbiome. These results indicate that the gut microbiome responds to alterations in female sex hormone status and contributes to metabolic dysfunction. Identifying and developing gut microbiome-targeted modulators to regulate sex hormones may be useful therapeutically in remediating menopause-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Wen L. Cross
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Ching-Yen Lin
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Natasha M. Hottmann
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Aadra P. Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Samuel J. Pellock
- Departments of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Microbiology & Immunology, and The Integrated Program for Biological and Genome Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Erik R. Nelson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology-Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Brett R. Loman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Matthew A. Wallig
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Eugenio I. Vivas
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jan Suchodolski
- Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Matthew R. Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Microbiology & Immunology, and The Integrated Program for Biological and Genome Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Federico E. Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kelly S. Swanson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Fernández-Pinteño A, Pilla R, Manteca X, Suchodolski J, Torre C, Salas-Mani A. Age-associated changes in intestinal health biomarkers in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1213287. [PMID: 37680388 PMCID: PMC10481537 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1213287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is critical for maintaining host health. In healthy humans, the aging process is one of the main factors modulating the changes in the intestinal microbiota. However, little is known about the relationship between gut health, microbiota, and the aging process in dogs. The present study aims to explore the differences in the intestinal microbiota and intestinal health based on fecal biomarkers in a population of dogs of different ages. The study involved 106 dogs of different breeds aged between 0.2 and 15 years categorized as senior (>7 years; n = 40), adult (2-7 years; n = 50), and junior (< 2 years; n = 16). Fecal samples were collected during the same period at the same facilities. The analysis included the following gut health indicators: 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the differences in the fecal microbiota; qPCR to determine the dysbiosis index; fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations; fecal calprotectin; and immunoglobulin A. Beta diversity analysis revealed a significant difference with a small effect size (p = 0.003; R = 0.087) among age categories based on the unweighted UniFrac metric, but no significance was observed based on the weighted UniFrac metric or Bray-Curtis distances. There were no significant differences in the alpha diversity measures or the fecal dysbiosis index among age categories. Senior dogs had significantly higher relative abundance proportions in phyla Bacteroidota and Pseudomonadota and the genus Faecalibacterium, but not on qPCR analysis. At the family level, Ruminococcaceae, Uncl. Clostridiales.1, Veillonellaceae, Prevotellaceae, Succinivibrionaceae, and Bacteroidaceae abundances were higher in the senior category than in the adult and/or junior categories. Relative proportions, but not concentrations of fecal acetate, were higher in the senior category, while butyrate, isovaleric acid, and valeric acid were lower. The valeric acid concentration was significantly lower in the senior category than in the adult category. Calprotectin and immunoglobulin A levels did not differ significantly across groups. In conclusion, this study observed multiple minor changes in the fecal microbiota composition and the relative amount of short-chain fatty acids in dogs among different age groups, but studies in larger populations representative of all ages are warranted to refine the present results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fernández-Pinteño
- Department of Research and Development, Affinity Petcare, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Xavier Manteca
- School of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jan Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Celina Torre
- Department of Research and Development, Affinity Petcare, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Anna Salas-Mani
- Department of Research and Development, Affinity Petcare, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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Hung M, Heinz J, Steiner JM, Suchodolski J, Lidbury J. Serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid concentrations in juvenile dogs with parvoviral enteritis or other acute enteropathies. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:1368-1375. [PMID: 37191021 PMCID: PMC10365045 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low serum cobalamin concentrations have been associated with ileal malabsorption in dogs with chronic enteropathy. Increased serum methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations indicate cobalamin deficiency on a cellular level. Few studies have evaluated serum cobalamin concentrations or methylmalonic acid concentrations in juvenile dogs with parvoviral enteritis or nonparvoviral acute enteropathies. OBJECTIVES Evaluate serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid concentrations in juvenile dogs (6 weeks to 10 months old) with parvoviral enteritis or nonparvoviral acute enteropathy. ANIMALS Thirty-one juvenile dogs with parvoviral enteritis, 29 dogs with nonparvoviral acute diarrhea (NPVAD), and 40 healthy juvenile control dogs. METHODS Single-center, prospective, observational, cross-sectional study. Serum cobalamin and, when sufficient serum was available, MMA concentrations were measured. RESULTS Most serum cobalamin concentrations were within the adult reference interval. Serum cobalamin concentrations in healthy dogs (median, 848 ng/L; range, 293-1912 ng/L) were significantly higher than in dogs with parvoviral enteritis (P = .0002; median, 463 ng/L; range, <150-10 000 ng/L) or dogs with NPVAD (P = .02; median, 528 ng/L; range, 160-8998 ng/L). Serum MMA concentrations were not significantly different between groups (healthy dogs: median, 796 nmol/L; range, 427-1933 nmol/L; parvoviral enteritis: median, 858 nmol/L; range, 554-3424 nmol/L; NPVAD: median, 764 nmol/L; range, 392-1222 nmol/L; P = .1). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Juvenile dogs with parvoviral enteritis or NPVAD had lower serum cobalamin concentrations than healthy juvenile dogs. However, based on serum MMA concentrations cellular cobalamin deficiency was not apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hung
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Justin Heinz
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Jӧrg M. Steiner
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Jan Suchodolski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Jonathan Lidbury
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
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Nye AK, Suchodolski J, Hong MP, Park SY, Thieman Mankin KM. Pilot clinical trial: propidium monoazide PCR quantifies reduction of the viable bacterial load after antiseptic preparation of canine oral mucosa. Am J Vet Res 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37130576 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.23.02.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A pilot clinical study to evaluate the use of propidium monoazide PCR (PMA-PCR) in quantifying a reduction of bacterial load after antiseptic use on the canine oral mucosa and skin, comparison of quantitative PCR (qPCR) to PMA-PCR, and comparison of patterns seen between PCR methods and bacterial culture. ANIMALS Client-owned dogs (n = 10) undergoing general anesthesia and intravenous catheter placement. PROCEDURES The oral mucosa and antebrachial skin of each dog underwent swabs for culture, qPCR, and PMA-PCR before and after antiseptic preparation of each site. Reduction in bacterial load between sampling times was evaluated for each quantification method. RESULTS All testing methods found a significant decrease in bacterial load from oral mucosa after antiseptic preparation (culture P = .0020, qPCR P = .0039, PMA-PCR P = .0039). PMA-PCR had a significantly greater reduction of bacterial load after preparation than qPCR (P = .0494). Only culture detected a significant reduction after preparation of the skin (culture P = .0039, qPCR P = .3125, PMA-PCR P = .0703). CLINICAL RELEVANCE PMA-PCR was able to quantify a reduction of bacterial load after antiseptic preparation of the high-bacterial load environment, with a pattern similar to that of culture, and was more specific than qPCR for detecting viable bacterial load. The results of this study support the use of PMA-PCR for antiseptic effectiveness studies performed on a high-bacterial load environment, such as canine oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia K Nye
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Jan Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Min-Pyo Hong
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - So Young Park
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Kelley M Thieman Mankin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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Park MJ, Pilla R, Panta A, Pandey S, Sarawichitr B, Suchodolski J, Sohrabji F. Correction to: Reproductive Senescence and Ischemic Stroke Remodel the Gut Microbiome and Modulate the Effects of Estrogen Treatment in Female Rats. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:278-279. [PMID: 35084706 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-00990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Park
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, 8447 Riverside Pkwy, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Aditya Panta
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, 8447 Riverside Pkwy, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Sivani Pandey
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, 8447 Riverside Pkwy, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Benjamin Sarawichitr
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jan Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Farida Sohrabji
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, 8447 Riverside Pkwy, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA.
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Rudinsky AJ, Parker VJ, Winston J, Cooper E, Mathie T, Howard JP, Bremer CA, Yaxley P, Marsh A, Laxalde J, Suchodolski J, Perea S. Randomized controlled trial demonstrates nutritional management is superior to metronidazole for treatment of acute colitis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:S23-S32. [PMID: 36191142 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.08.0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the outcome of dietary management of canine noninfectious acute colitis with or without concurrent oral administration of metronidazole using a randomized controlled clinical trial. ANIMALS 59 client-owned dogs with noninfectious acute colitis. PROCEDURES Dogs with acute noninfectious colitis were enrolled in a 30-day diet trial after exclusion of parasitic infectious etiologies (fecal centrifugation floatation, Giardia/Cryptosporidium antigen testing) and systemic disease (CBC, biochemistry, urinalysis). Dogs were randomized into 3 placebo-controlled groups: group 1, easily digestible diet + placebo tablet; group 2, easily digestible diet + metronidazole tablet; and group 3, psyllium-enhanced easily digestible diet + placebo tablet. Dogs were evaluated serially using fecal scoring for time to remission, average fecal score, relapse after remission, and dysbiosis index. RESULTS Median remission time was significantly different among the 3 groups (P < .01) with median times of 5 days (range, 4 to 10) for group 1, 8.5 days (range, 7 to 12) for group 2, and 5 days (range, 3 to 6) for group 3. Metronidazole addition affected the fecal dysbiosis index negatively at days 7 to 10. No adverse effects or complications were noted throughout the study. CLINICAL RELEVANCE For canine noninfectious acute colitis, dietary management with an easily digestible diet with or without psyllium enhancement proved a superior management strategy compared to metronidazole. The omission of metronidazole reduced the adverse impact significantly on intestinal microbiota. Longitudinal clinical trials are necessary to compare the long-term response, stability, and complications associated with dietary management alone versus combined dietary and antimicrobial therapy for canine acute colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Rudinsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,The Comparative Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Research Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Valerie J Parker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,The Comparative Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Research Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jenessa Winston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,The Comparative Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Research Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Edward Cooper
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Tamra Mathie
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - James P Howard
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,The Comparative Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Research Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - C A Bremer
- Department of Veterinary Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Page Yaxley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Antionette Marsh
- Department of Veterinary Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jeremy Laxalde
- Royal Canin Research & Development Center, Aimargues, France
| | - Jan Suchodolski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Sally Perea
- Royal Canin Research & Development Center, Aimargues, France
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Summers SC, Quimby J, Blake A, Keys D, Steiner JM, Suchodolski J. Serum and Fecal Amino Acid Profiles in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9020084. [PMID: 35202337 PMCID: PMC8878831 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to quantify serum and fecal amino acids (AA) in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and compare to healthy cats. Thirty-five cats with International Renal Interest Society Stage 1–4 CKD and 16 healthy mature adult and senior client-owned cats were included in this prospective cross-sectional study. Sera were analyzed for 25 AA concentrations using an ion exchange chromatography AA analyzer with post column ninhydrin derivatization. Voided fecal samples were analyzed for 22 AA concentrations using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. CKD cats had lower serum concentrations of phenylalanine (mean difference ± standard error of the mean: 12.7 ± 4.3 µM; p = 0.03), threonine (29.6 ± 9.2 µM; p = 0.03), tryptophan (18.4 ± 5.4 µM; p = 0.005), serine (29.8 ± 12.6 µM; p = 0.03), and tyrosine (11.6 ± 3.8 µM; p = 0.01) and higher serum concentrations of aspartic acid (4.7 ± 2.0 µM; p = 0.01), β-alanine (3.4 ± 1.2 µM; p = 0.01), citrulline (5.7 ± 1.6 µM; p = 0.01), and taurine (109.9 ± 29.6 µM; p = 0.01) when compared to healthy cats. Fecal AA concentrations did not differ between healthy cats and CKD cats. 3-Methylhistidine-to-creatinine did not differ between healthy cats with and without muscle loss. Cats with CKD IRIS Stages 1–4 have a deranged serum amino acid profile compared to healthy cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacie C. Summers
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Jessica Quimby
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Amanda Blake
- Texas A&M Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (A.B.); (J.M.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Deborah Keys
- Kaleidoscope Statistics Veterinary Medical Research Consulting, Athens, GA 30606, USA;
| | - Joerg M. Steiner
- Texas A&M Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (A.B.); (J.M.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Jan Suchodolski
- Texas A&M Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (A.B.); (J.M.S.); (J.S.)
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Jones SM, Gaier A, Enomoto H, Ishii P, Pilla R, Price J, Suchodolski J, Steiner JM, Papich MG, Messenger K, Tolbert MK. The effect of combined carprofen and omeprazole administration on gastrointestinal permeability and inflammation in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:1886-1893. [PMID: 32893926 PMCID: PMC7517840 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proton pump inhibitors (eg, omeprazole) commonly are administered concurrently with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; eg, carprofen) as prophylaxis to decrease the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) injury. However, evidence to support this practice is weak, and it might exacerbate dysbiosis and inflammation. Hypothesis/Objectives To evaluate the effect of carprofen alone or combined with omeprazole in dogs. We hypothesized that coadministration of omeprazole and carprofen would significantly increase GI permeability and dysbiosis index (DI) compared to no treatment or carprofen alone. Animals Six healthy adult colony beagle dogs. Methods Gastrointestinal permeability and inflammation were assessed by serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration, plasma iohexol concentration, fecal DI, and fecal calprotectin concentration in a prospective, 3‐period design. In the first 7‐day period, dogs received no intervention (baseline). During the 2nd period, dogs received 4 mg/kg of carprofen q24h PO for 7 days. In the 3rd period, dogs received 4 mg/kg of carprofen q24h and 1 mg/kg of omeprazole q12h PO for 7 days. Gastrointestinal permeability testing was performed at the end of each period. Data were analyzed using repeated measures mixed model analysis of variance with Tukey‐Kramer post hoc tests (P < .05). Results Serum LPS and plasma iohexol concentrations did not differ between treatments. Fecal calprotectin concentrations differed between treatments (P = .03). The DI varied over time based on the treatment received (P = .03). Coadministration of omeprazole and carprofen significantly increased fecal calprotectin concentration and DI compared to baseline and carprofen alone. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Omeprazole prophylaxis induces fecal dysbiosis and increases intestinal inflammatory markers when coadministered with carprofen to otherwise healthy dogs with no other risk factors for GI bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Jones
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ann Gaier
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hiroko Enomoto
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patricia Ishii
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Josh Price
- Office of Information and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jan Suchodolski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Joerg M Steiner
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Mark G Papich
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristen Messenger
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - M Katherine Tolbert
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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10
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Summers S, Quimby JM, Phillips RK, Stockman J, Isaiah A, Lidbury JA, Steiner JM, Suchodolski J. Preliminary evaluation of fecal fatty acid concentrations in cats with chronic kidney disease and correlation with indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol sulfate. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 34:206-215. [PMID: 31693251 PMCID: PMC6979089 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Straight- and branched-chain (BCFA) short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by colonic microbiota and have both beneficial and deleterious effects in humans with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Fecal SCFAs in cats with CKD have not been described. OBJECTIVE To characterize fecal SCFA concentrations in cats with CKD as compared to healthy geriatric cats and correlate SCFA to serum indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresol sulfate (pCS) concentrations. ANIMALS Twenty-eight cats with CKD (International Renal Interest Society [IRIS] stages 2, 3, and 4) and 11 older (≥ 8 years) healthy geriatric cats. METHODS Prospective, cross-sectional study. Voided feces were analyzed using stable isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine fecal concentrations of SCFAs. Serum concentrations of IS and pCS were measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Fecal isovaleric acid concentrations were significantly higher in CKD cats(P = .02) Cats with IRIS CKD stage 3 and 4 had significantly higher fecal isovaleric acid concentrations compared to healthy geriatric cats (P = .03), but not compared to IRIS CKD stage 2 cats. Total fecal concentrations of BCFAs were found to correlate weakly with serum creatinine concentration (rho, 0.33; P = .05), blood urea nitrogen concentration (rho, 0.40; P = .01), and pCS concentration (rho, 0.35; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Fecal isovaleric acid concentrations were higher in CKD cats, particularly in late stage disease, compared to healthy geriatric cats. Fecal BCFA concentrations correlated with pCS and were higher in cats with muscle wasting, providing evidence for malassimilation of protein in CKD cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacie Summers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jessica M Quimby
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Robert Kyle Phillips
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jonathan Stockman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Anitha Isaiah
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jonathan A Lidbury
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Joerg M Steiner
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jan Suchodolski
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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11
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Coleman MC, Walzem RL, Kieffer AJ, Minamoto T, Suchodolski J, Cohen ND. Novel lipoprotein density profiling in laminitic, obese, and healthy horses. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2019; 68:92-99. [PMID: 30927630 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipoproteins are water-miscible macromolecules enabling the transport of lipids in blood. In humans, altered proportions of lipoproteins are used to detect and classify metabolic diseases. Obesity and obesity-related comorbidities are common in horses. The pathophysiology of obesity is poorly understood and likely multifactorial. Development of new diagnostic tests to identify horses at risk of developing obesity to implement preventative measures is critical; however, a necessary first step to accomplish this goal is to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of disease. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize and compare lipoprotein profiles of horses with normal and excess body conditions, with and without laminitis using a novel method of continuous lipoprotein density profiling (CLPDP). Comparisons were made between 4 groups of horses: (1) laminitic, obese horses (n = 66); (2) laminitic, nonobese horses (n = 35); (3) nonlaminitic, obese horses (n = 41); and (4) nonlaminitic, nonobese horses (n = 95). Lipoprotein profiling, including evaluation of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) was performed using CLPDP, and all 4 groups were compared. A significant difference was observed among groups for the subfractions TRL, LDL1, LDL2, HDL2b, HDL2a, HDL3a, HDL3b, HDL3c, and total HDL. This is the first known description of CLPDP to characterize equine lipid profiles and holds promise as a useful method for lipid characterization of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Coleman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, TAMU 4475 College Station, TX 77845, USA.
| | - R L Walzem
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - A J Kieffer
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - T Minamoto
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX 77845 USA
| | - J Suchodolski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX 77845 USA
| | - N D Cohen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, TAMU 4475 College Station, TX 77845, USA
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12
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Jergens AE, Guard BC, Redfern A, Rossi G, Mochel JP, Pilla R, Chandra L, Seo YJ, Steiner JM, Lidbury J, Allenspach K, Suchodolski J. Microbiota-Related Changes in Unconjugated Fecal Bile Acids Are Associated With Naturally Occurring, Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:199. [PMID: 31316997 PMCID: PMC6610424 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) in humans has recently been associated with altered intestinal microbiota. The consequences of intestinal dysbiosis, such as increased intestinal permeability and altered microbial metabolites, are suspected to contribute to the host inflammatory state and peripheral insulin resistance. Human diabetics have been shown to have changes in bile acid (BA) metabolism which may be detrimental to glycemic control. The purpose of this study was to examine BA metabolism in dogs with naturally-occurring, insulin-dependent DM and to relate these findings to changes in the intestinal microbiota. A prospective observational study of adult dogs with a clinical diagnosis of DM (n = 10) and healthy controls (HC, n = 10) was performed. The fecal microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene next-generation (Illumina) sequencing. Concentrations of fecal unconjugated BA (fUBA) were measured using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Analysis of bacterial communities showed no significant difference for any of the alpha-diversity measures between DM vs. HC dogs. Principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted Unifrac distance metric failed to show significant clustering between dog groups (ANOSIMUnweighted: R = 0.084; p = 0.114). However, linear discriminate analysis effects size (LEfSe) detected differentially abundant bacterial taxa (α = 0.01, LDA score >2.0) on various phylogenetic levels. While Enterobacteriaceae was overrepresented in dogs with DM, the proportions of Erysipelotrichia, Mogibacteriaceae, and Anaeroplasmataceae were increased in HC dogs. Dogs with DM had increased concentration of total primary fUBA compared to HC dogs (p = 0.028). The concentrations of cholic acid and the cholic acid percentage of the total fUBA were increased (p = 0.028 and p = 0.035, respectively) in the feces of DM dogs relative to HC dogs. The levels of lithocholic acid (both absolute value and percentage of the total fUBA) were decreased (p = 0.043 and p < 0.01, respectively) in DM dogs vs. HC dogs. Results indicate that dogs with DM have both intestinal dysbiosis and associated fUBA alterations. The pattern of dysbiosis and altered BA composition is similar to that seen in humans with Type 2 DM. The dog represents a novel large animal model for advancing translational medicine research efforts (e.g., investigating pathogenesis and therapeutics) in DM affecting humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert E Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Blake C Guard
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Alana Redfern
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Lawrance Chandra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Yeon-Jung Seo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Joerg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jan Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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13
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Price TR, Moncada KL, Blake A, Suchodolski J, Walzem RL. Dietary Matrix Alters Fecal Lipids and Lipoprotein Profiles in Healthy C57Bl/6 Mice. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.795.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tara R. Price
- Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | | | - Amanda Blake
- Small Animal Clinical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | - Jan Suchodolski
- Small Animal Clinical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
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14
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Köster LS, Fosgate GT, Suchodolski J, Lidbury J, Steiner JM. Comparison of biomarkers adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein, S100A12, and the Acute Patient Physiologic and Laboratory Evaluation (APPLE) score as mortality predictors in critically ill dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2019; 29:154-160. [PMID: 30861273 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if selected serum biomarkers are superior to the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLE) complete score in predicting 30-day mortality in a non-homogeneous disease population of critically ill dogs. DESIGN Prospective cohort study comparing the serum biomarkers adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein, and S100A12 concentrations between surviving and nonsurviving critically ill dogs. SETTING University small animal teaching hospital. ANIMALS Seventy critically ill dogs were prospectively recruited, and an APPLE complete score was calculated within 24 hours of being admitted to the intensive care unit. Logistic regression models were fit to estimate the association between biomarkers and 30-day survival. Results were interpreted at the 5% level of significance. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Leptin was the only biomarker that was significantly correlated with the APPLE complete score (P < 0.001). Only the APPLE complete score (P = 0.003) and illness duration of < 1 day (P = 0.043) were significantly associated with outcome. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, there appears to be no benefit in using biomarkers over the APPLE score for disease severity stratification. Serum leptin concentration was significantly correlated with disease severity as determined by APPLE scoring. Longer duration of illness prior to admission was associated with a higher risk of death. APPLE scores were highest in dogs with infectious and immune-mediated diseases and bite wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza S Köster
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Center for Integrative Mammalian Research, Federation of St Kitts, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, West Indies
| | - Geoffrey T Fosgate
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Jan Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jonathan Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jörg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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15
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Allenspach KA, Mochel JP, Du Y, Priestnall SL, Moore F, Slayter M, Rodrigues A, Ackermann M, Krockenberger M, Mansell J, Luckschander N, Wang C, Suchodolski J, Berghoff N, Jergens AE. Correlating Gastrointestinal Histopathologic Changes to Clinical Disease Activity in Dogs With Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Vet Pathol 2018; 56:435-443. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985818813090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have failed to detect a convincing association between histologic lesions of inflammation and clinical activity in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We hypothesized that use of a simplified histopathologic scoring system would improve the consistency of interpretation among pathologists when describing histologic lesions of gastrointestinal inflammation. Our aim was to evaluate the correlation of histopathologic changes to clinical activity in dogs with IBD using this new system. Forty-two dogs with IBD and 19 healthy control dogs were enrolled in this retrospective study. Endoscopic biopsies from the stomach, duodenum, ileum, and colon were independently scored by 8 pathologists. Clinical disease activity was scored using the Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity Index (CIBDAI) or the Canine Chronic Enteropathy Clinical Activity Index (CCECAI), depending on the individual study center. Summative histopathological scores and clinical activity were calculated for each tissue (stomach, duodenum, ileum, and colon) and each tissue histologic score (inflammatory/morphologic feature). The correlation between CCECAI/CIBDAI and summative histopathologic score was significant ( P < .05) for duodenum ( r = 0.42) and colon ( r = 0.33). In evaluating the relationship between histopathologic scores and clinical activity, significant ( P < .05) correlations were observed for crypt dilation ( r = 0.42), lamina propria (LP) lymphocytes ( r = 0.40), LP neutrophils ( r = 0.45), mucosal fibrosis ( r = 0.47), lacteal dilation ( r = 0.39), and villus stunting ( r = 0.43). Compared to earlier grading schemes, the simplified scoring system shows improved utility in correlating histopathologic features (both summative histology scores and select histologic scores) to IBD clinical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin A. Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Mochel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Yingzhou Du
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Simon L. Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Aline Rodrigues
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mark Ackermann
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Joanne Mansell
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Chong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jan Suchodolski
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Nora Berghoff
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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16
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Rossi G, Spaterna A, Tesei B, Jergens A, Suchodolski J, Bassotti G, Cerquetella M. Is irritable bowel syndrome also present in dogs? Tierarztl Prax Ausg K 2018; 46:176-180. [PMID: 29898479 DOI: 10.15654/tpk-170590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SummaryIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in humans is described as the recurrent presence of gastrointestinal signs, without gross histopathologic evidence of inflammation and of other morphologic lesions; however, it is a syndrome not unanimously defined in veterinary medicine. There is some evidence that dysmotility could be related to stressors in some dogs that present with clinical signs (e.g. chronic idiopathic large-bowel diarrhea) that share overlapping aspects with human IBS. The authors hypothesize that an IBS-like condition, similar to that described in humans, might also be present in dogs. Nevertheless, the diagnostic path for canine IBS needs to be further elucidated and its pathogenesis better defined for a more rational therapeutic approach.
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17
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Torres-Henderson C, Summers S, Suchodolski J, Lappin MR. Effect of Enterococcus Faecium Strain SF68 on Gastrointestinal Signs and Fecal Microbiome in Cats Administered Amoxicillin-Clavulanate. Top Companion Anim Med 2017; 32:104-108. [PMID: 29291771 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Some cats develop vomiting or diarrhea during administration of some antibiotics such as amoxicillin-clavulanate but how often this occurs and the severity of disease is generally unknown. In people, one of the accepted indications for the use of probiotics is to attempt and lessen antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Enterococcus faecium strain SF68 (SF68; Purina® ProPlan® Veterinary Diets; FortiFlora™ Probiotic Supplement) is a commercially available probiotic available in many countries that has been shown to lessen diarrhea rates in cats housed in animal shelters. The objectives of this study were to describe the gastrointestinal abnormalities (clinical and microbiome) associated with the administration of amoxicillin-clavulanate to cats and to determine whether feeding SF68 could ameliorate those abnormalities. Laboratory reared domestic cats were administered amoxicillin-clavulanate for 7 days with or without SF68 for 14 days and monitored for vomiting and diarrhea and for changes in the gastrointestinal microbiome before and after antibiotic administration. Fecal scores > 5 on a 7-point scale were detected in 9 of 13 cats (69.2%) fed SF68 compared to 12 of 14 cats fed the placebo (85.7%). Fecal scores of 7 were only detected in the placebo group and when total diarrhea scores were compared between groups for days 1-11, the cats fed SF68 were statistically lower (P = 0.0058). Administration of amoxicillin-clavulanate led to decreased microbiome diversity, but differences between cats fed SF68 or the placebo were not detected. The results show administering amoxicillin-clavulanate orally to cats commonly induces diarrhea and alters the gastrointestinal microbiome, and that feeding the probiotic SF68 can lessen some associated clinical abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Torres-Henderson
- Center for Companion Animal Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - S Summers
- Center for Companion Animal Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A and M, College Station, TX, USA
| | - M R Lappin
- Center for Companion Animal Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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18
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Redfern A, Suchodolski J, Jergens A. Role of the gastrointestinal microbiota in small animal health and disease. Vet Rec 2017; 181:370. [PMID: 28916525 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a large and emerging interest in the role of the gastrointestinal microbiota in health and disease. This paper serves to review the current knowledge and recommendations of the gastrointestinal microbiota in health and gastrointestinal disease. Further, this review evaluates the current literature and suggests guidelines for faecal microbial transplantation, a novel therapy for dysbiosis in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Redfern
- Department of Internal Medicine, BluePearl Veterinary Partners, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jan Suchodolski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Albert Jergens
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, USA
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19
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Alshawaqfeh M, Bashaireh A, Serpedin E, Suchodolski J. Reliable Biomarker discovery from Metagenomic data via RegLRSD algorithm. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:328. [PMID: 28693478 PMCID: PMC5504766 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biomarker detection presents itself as a major means of translating biological data into clinical applications. Due to the recent advances in high throughput sequencing technologies, an increased number of metagenomics studies have suggested the dysbiosis in microbial communities as potential biomarker for certain diseases. The reproducibility of the results drawn from metagenomic data is crucial for clinical applications and to prevent incorrect biological conclusions. The variability in the sample size and the subjects participating in the experiments induce diversity, which may drastically change the outcome of biomarker detection algorithms. Therefore, a robust biomarker detection algorithm that ensures the consistency of the results irrespective of the natural diversity present in the samples is needed. Results Toward this end, this paper proposes a novel Regularized Low Rank-Sparse Decomposition (RegLRSD) algorithm. RegLRSD models the bacterial abundance data as a superposition between a sparse matrix and a low-rank matrix, which account for the differentially and non-differentially abundant microbes, respectively. Hence, the biomarker detection problem is cast as a matrix decomposition problem. In order to yield more consistent and solid biological conclusions, RegLRSD incorporates the prior knowledge that the irrelevant microbes do not exhibit significant variation between samples belonging to different phenotypes. Moreover, an efficient algorithm to extract the sparse matrix is proposed. Comprehensive comparisons of RegLRSD with the state-of-the-art algorithms on three realistic datasets are presented. The obtained results demonstrate that RegLRSD consistently outperforms the other algorithms in terms of reproducibility performance and provides a marker list with high classification accuracy. Conclusions The proposed RegLRSD algorithm for biomarker detection provides high reproducibility and classification accuracy performance regardless of the dataset complexity and the number of selected biomarkers. This renders RegLRSD as a reliable and powerful tool for identifying potential metagenomic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Alshawaqfeh
- Bioinformatics and Genomic Signal Processing Lab, ECEN Dept., Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843-3128, TX, USA
| | - Ahmad Bashaireh
- Bioinformatics and Genomic Signal Processing Lab, ECEN Dept., Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843-3128, TX, USA
| | - Erchin Serpedin
- Bioinformatics and Genomic Signal Processing Lab, ECEN Dept., Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843-3128, TX, USA.
| | - Jan Suchodolski
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843-3128, TX, USA
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20
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White R, Atherly T, Guard B, Rossi G, Wang C, Mosher C, Webb C, Hill S, Ackermann M, Sciabarra P, Allenspach K, Suchodolski J, Jergens AE. Randomized, controlled trial evaluating the effect of multi-strain probiotic on the mucosal microbiota in canine idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. Gut Microbes 2017; 8:451-466. [PMID: 28678609 PMCID: PMC5628651 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2017.1334754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is increasingly linked to the pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in dogs. While studies have reported alterations in fecal (luminal) microbial populations, only limited information is available about the mucosal microbiota of IBD dogs at diagnosis and following medical therapy. Our aim was to characterize the mucosal microbiota and determine the clinical, microbiological, and mucosal homeostatic effects of probiotic treatment in dogs with IBD. Thirty four IBD dogs were randomized to receive standard therapy (ST = diet + prednisone) with or without probiotic. Tissue sections from endoscopic biopsies were evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on a quantifiable basis. Disease activity and changes in mucosal microbiota and tight junction protein (TJP) expression were assessed before and after 8 weeks of IBD therapy. ST and ST/probiotic therapy modulated the number of mucosal bacteria of IBD dogs in a similar fashion. Both treatments increased the numbers of total bacteria and individual species residing within adherent mucus, with ST therapy increasing Bifidobacterium spp. and ST/probiotic therapy increasing Lactobacillus spp (P < 0.05 for both), respectively. Both treatments were associated with rapid clinical remission but not improvement in histopathologic inflammation. Probiotic therapy was associated with upregulated (P < 0.05) expression of TJPs E-cadherin, occludin, and zonulin versus ST. The probiotic effect on mucosal bacteria is similar to that of IBD dogs receiving ST. IBD dogs fed probiotic had increased TJP expression suggesting that probiotic may have beneficial effects on mucosal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin White
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Blake Guard
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Curtis Mosher
- Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Craig Webb
- Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Steve Hill
- Veterinary Specialty Hospital – San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark Ackermann
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Peter Sciabarra
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jan Suchodolski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA,CONTACT Albert E. Jergens Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent developments of high throughput sequencing technologies allow the characterization of the microbial communities inhabiting our world. Various metagenomic studies have suggested using microbial taxa as potential biomarkers for certain diseases. In practice, the number of available samples varies from experiment to experiment. Therefore, a robust biomarker detection algorithm is needed to provide a set of potential markers irrespective of the number of available samples. Consistent performance is essential to derive solid biological conclusions and to transfer these findings into clinical applications. Surprisingly, the consistency of a metagenomic biomarker detection algorithm with respect to the variation in the experiment size has not been addressed by the current state-of-art algorithms. RESULTS We propose a consistency-classification framework that enables the assessment of consistency and classification performance of a biomarker discovery algorithm. This evaluation protocol is based on random resampling to mimic the variation in the experiment size. Moreover, we model the metagenomic data matrix as a superposition of two matrices. The first matrix is a low-rank matrix that models the abundance levels of the irrelevant bacteria. The second matrix is a sparse matrix that captures the abundance levels of the bacteria that are differentially abundant between different phenotypes. Then, we propose a novel Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) based biomarker discovery algorithm to recover the sparse matrix. RPCA belongs to the class of multivariate feature selection methods which treat the features collectively rather than individually. This provides the proposed algorithm with an inherent ability to handle the complex microbial interactions. Comprehensive comparisons of RPCA with the state-of-the-art algorithms on two realistic datasets are conducted. Results show that RPCA consistently outperforms the other algorithms in terms of classification accuracy and reproducibility performance. CONCLUSIONS The RPCA-based biomarker detection algorithm provides a high reproducibility performance irrespective of the complexity of the dataset or the number of selected biomarkers. Also, RPCA selects biomarkers with quite high discriminative accuracy. Thus, RPCA is a consistent and accurate tool for selecting taxanomical biomarkers for different microbial populations. REVIEWERS This article was reviewed by Masanori Arita and Zoltan Gaspari.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Alshawaqfeh
- Bioinformatics and Genomic Signal Processing Lab, ECEN Dept., Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843-3128, TX, USA
| | - Ahmad Bashaireh
- Bioinformatics and Genomic Signal Processing Lab, ECEN Dept., Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843-3128, TX, USA
| | - Erchin Serpedin
- Bioinformatics and Genomic Signal Processing Lab, ECEN Dept., Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843-3128, TX, USA.
| | - Jan Suchodolski
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843-3128, TX, USA
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Rossi G, Pengo G, Cerquetella M, Bassotti G, Magi G, Suchodolski J, Jergens A. Increase of Colonic Motility in Cats Affected by Chronic Idiopathic Constipation and Megacolon After Theraphy with the Probiotic Sivoy™. J Comp Pathol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Scarpona S, Berardi S, Eleuteri A, Suchodolski J, Gavazza A, Bordicchia M, Rossi G. Gut Microbiota Modulation Enhances Amyloid-B Uptake by Macrophages of an Alzheimer's Disease Triple Transgenic Mouse Model. J Comp Pathol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.11.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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Mila H, Grellet A, Mariani C, Feugier A, Guard B, Suchodolski J, Steiner J, Chastant-Maillard S. Natural and artificial hyperimmune solutions: Impact on health in puppies. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 52 Suppl 2:163-169. [PMID: 27862411 PMCID: PMC7169222 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Colostrum and milk are complex mammary secretions providing the puppy with many nutritional and immunological factors, which play a crucial role for its correct development and survival. In the case of colostrum and/or milk intake deficiency, puppies are at increased risk of infectious diseases. This work reviews the various nutritional hyperimmune supplementations proposed to provide a passive immune protection and to positively impact puppies' health. Some strategies rely on canine immunoglobulins: canine colostrum banking and canine serum/plasma supplementation. Others involve heterologous sources of antibodies and other immune factors: bovine colostrum or hyperimmune egg powder. Among the different solutions evaluated from birth to weaning, canine plasma and hyperimmune egg powder showed promising beneficial effect on puppies' health. Canine plasma seems to positively impact not only growth (increased growth during the neonatal period), but also digestive health (higher species richness of intestinal microbiota) and the general health (tendency of lower morbidity). Puppies supplemented with hyperimmune egg powder presented increased neonatal growth and decreased risk of canine parvovirus infection. Nevertheless, natural canine maternal colostrum and milk ingestion remains the optimal guarantee for puppies' health and survival, as a source of immunity, energy and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mila
- NeoCare, IHAP, Reproduction, INRA, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - A Grellet
- NeoCare, IHAP, Reproduction, INRA, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - B Guard
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - S Chastant-Maillard
- NeoCare, IHAP, Reproduction, INRA, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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25
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Schmitz S, Suchodolski J. Understanding the canine intestinal microbiota and its modification by pro-, pre- and synbiotics - what is the evidence? Vet Med Sci 2016; 2:71-94. [PMID: 29067182 PMCID: PMC5645859 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in the composition of the intestinal microbiota and possibilities of its therapeutic modifications has soared over the last decade and more detailed knowledge specific to the canine microbiota at different mucosal sites including the gut is available. Probiotics, prebiotics or their combination (synbiotics) are a way of modifying the intestinal microbiota and exert effects on the host immune response. Probiotics are proposed to exert their beneficial effects through various pathways, for example production of antimicrobial peptides, enhancing growth of favourable endogenous microorganisms, competition for epithelial colonisation sites and immune‐modulatory functions. Despite widespread use of pro‐, pre‐ and synbiotics, scientific evidence of their beneficial effects in different conditions of the dog is scarce. Specific effects of different strains, their combination or their potential side‐effects have not been evaluated sufficiently. In some instances, in vitro results have been promising, but could not be transferred consistently into in vivo situations. Specific canine gastrointestinal (GI) diseases or conditions where probiotics would be beneficial, their most appropriate dosage and application have not been assessed extensively. This review summarises the current knowledge of the intestinal microbiome composition in the dog and evaluates the evidence for probiotic use in canine GI diseases to date. It wishes to provide veterinarians with evidence‐based information on when and why these products could be useful in preventing or treating canine GI conditions. It also outlines knowledge about safety and approval of commercial probiotic products, and the potential use of faecal microbial transplantation, as they are related to the topic of probiotic usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Schmitz
- Department of Internal MedicineSmall Animal HospitalJustus-Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Jan Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal LaboratoryDepartment of Small Animal Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
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Suchodolski J. The importance of the microbiome and metabolome in health and disease of dogs and cats. Acta Vet Scand 2015. [PMCID: PMC4595372 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-57-s1-k6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Berardi S, Scarpona S, Piccinini A, Mari S, Suchodolski J, Rossi G. A new way of delivering probiotic bacteria in a murine model. J Comp Pathol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.10.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Kim H, Minamoto Y, Markel M, Suchodolski J, Talcott S, Mertens‐Talcott S. Mango and pomegranate polyphenolics in the modification of microbiota and short chain fatty acids in DSS‐induced colitis (1045.6). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1045.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyemee Kim
- Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUnited States
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Steelman SM, Chowdhary BP, Dowd S, Suchodolski J, Janečka JE. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes in fecal samples reveals high diversity of hindgut microflora in horses and potential links to chronic laminitis. BMC Vet Res 2012. [PMID: 23186268 PMCID: PMC3538718 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The nutrition and health of horses is closely tied to their gastrointestinal microflora. Gut bacteria break down plant structural carbohydrates and produce volatile fatty acids, which are a major source of energy for horses. Bacterial communities are also essential for maintaining gut homeostasis and have been hypothesized to contribute to various diseases including laminitis. We performed pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA bacterial genes isolated from fecal material to characterize hindgut bacterial communities in healthy horses and those with chronic laminitis. Results Fecal samples were collected from 10 normal horses and 8 horses with chronic laminitis. Genomic DNA was extracted and the V4-V5 segment of the 16S rRNA gene was PCR amplified and sequenced on the 454 platform generating a mean of 2,425 reads per sample after quality trimming. The bacterial communities were dominated by Firmicutes (69.21% control, 56.72% laminitis) and Verrucomicrobia (18.13% control, 27.63% laminitis), followed by Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Spirochaetes. We observed more OTUs per individual in the laminitis group than the control group (419.6 and 355.2, respectively, P = 0.019) along with a difference in the abundance of two unassigned Clostridiales genera (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01). The most abundant bacteria were Streptococcus spp., Clostridium spp., and Treponema spp.; along with unassigned genera from Subdivision 5 of Verrucomicrobia, Ruminococcaceae, and Clostridiaceae, which together constituted ~ 80% of all OTUs. There was a high level of individual variation across all taxonomic ranks. Conclusions Our exploration of the equine fecal microflora revealed higher bacterial diversity in horses with chronic laminitis and identification of two Clostridiales genera that differed in abundance from control horses. There was large individual variation in bacterial communities that was not explained in our study. The core hindgut microflora was dominated by Streptococcus spp., several cellulytic genera, and a large proportion of uncharacterized OTUs that warrant further investigation regarding their function. Our data provide a foundation for future investigations of hindgut bacterial factors that may influence the development and progression of chronic laminitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Steelman
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA
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Levine GJ, Levine JM, Witsberger TH, Kerwin SC, Russell KE, Suchodolski J, Steiner J, Fosgate GT. Cerebrospinal fluid myelin basic protein as a prognostic biomarker in dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 24:890-6. [PMID: 20492479 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0531.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Release of myelin basic protein (MBP) into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is associated with active demyelination and correlates with outcome in various neurological diseases. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To describe associations among CSF MBP concentration, initial neurological dysfunction, and long-term ambulatory outcome in dogs with acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation (IVDH). ANIMALS Fifty seven [corrected] dogs with acute thoracolumbar IVDH and 16 clinically normal dogs. METHODS Prospective case series clinical study. Signalment, initial neurological dysfunction as determined by a modified Frankel score (MFS), and ambulatory outcome at >3-month follow-up were recorded. Cisternal CSF MBP concentration was determined by an ELISA. Associations were estimated between CSF MBP concentration and various clinical parameters. RESULTS Dogs with thoracolumbar IVDH that did not ambulate at follow-up had a higher CSF MBP concentration (median, 3.56 ng/mL; range, 0.59-51.2 ng/mL) compared with control dogs (median, 2.22 ng/mL; range, 0-3.82 ng/mL) (P=.032). A CSF MBP concentration of >or=3 ng/mL had a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 76% to predict an unsuccessful outcome based on receiver-operating characteristics curve analysis (area under the curve=0.688, P=.079). Affected dogs with a CSF MBP concentration>or=3 ng/mL had 0.09 times the odds of ambulation at follow-up compared with affected dogs with CSF MBP concentration<3 ng/mL when adjusted for initial MFS (95% confidence interval 0.01-0.66, P=.018). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE These results would suggest that CSF MBP concentration may be useful as an independent prognostic indicator in dogs with thoracolumbar IVDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Levine
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Wright Z, Steiner J, Suchodolski J, Rogers K, Barton C, Brown M. A pilot study evaluating changes in pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity concentrations in canines treated with L-asparaginase (ASNase), vincristine, or both for lymphoma. Can J Vet Res 2009; 73:103-110. [PMID: 19436578 PMCID: PMC2666314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
L-asparaginase (ASNase) is a common chemotherapy agent for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies. L-asparaginase has been reported to cause clinical pancreatitis in both humans and canines. Canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) is now a common diagnostic tool for evaluating pancreatitis in dogs. A total of 52 dogs were enrolled into this study. Canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) concentrations were evaluated before and after administration of ASNase, vincristine, or both. All dogs enrolled in the study were evaluated for signs compatible with clinical pancreatitis. No dogs receiving ASNase alone showed evidence of clinical pancreatitis after administration. Also, there was no statistically significant change in cPLI concentrations before or after treatment. Fourteen percent of dogs that received both vincristine and ASNase concurrently had elevated concentrations of cPLI after treatment. Of the 11 dogs with clinical signs compatible with pancreatitis after any chemotherapy treatment, no dog had a cPLI concentration > 400 microg/dL. In conclusion, ASNase did not cause clinical pancreatitis in this cohort of dogs but larger sample sizes are required to further validate this data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Wright
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-4474, USA.
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Kathrani A, Steiner JM, Suchodolski J, Eastwood J, Syme H, Garden OA, Allenspach K. Elevated canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity concentration in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease is associated with a negative outcome. J Small Anim Pract 2009; 50:126-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2008.00693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Steiner JM, Newman S, Xenoulis P, Woosley K, Suchodolski J, Williams D, Barton L. Sensitivity of serum markers for pancreatitis in dogs with macroscopic evidence of pancreatitis. Vet Ther 2008; 9:263-273. [PMID: 19177331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatitis is recognized as an important and common problem in dogs, but diagnosis can be challenging. Recently, new assays for the measurement of trypsin-a1-proteinase inhibitor complexes and canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI and Spec cPL) have been developed and analytically validated. This is the first report of a direct comparison of the sensitivity of these and other more traditional serum markers for the diagnosis of canine pancreatitis in a subset of dogs with this disease (i.e., dogs with both macroscopic and microscopic changes characteristic of pancreatitis). Serum cPLI and Spec cPL concentrations showed the highest sensitivity for the diagnosis of pancreatitis in this group of patients. Further studies will be required to compare the specificity of these serum markers and thus determine their overall clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medecine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA.
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