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Roseland JM, Phillips KM, Vinyard BT, Todorov T, Ershow AG, Pehrsson PR. Large Iodine Variability in Retail Cows' Milk in the U.S.: A Follow-Up Study among Different Retail Outlets. Nutrients 2023; 15:3077. [PMID: 37513495 PMCID: PMC10383396 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, large variability in iodine content was found among samples of store brand retail milk at a single time point in a sampling taken from 24 nationwide U.S. locations for the USDA FoodData Central database, but the sampling plan was not designed to detect differences among locations. This follow-up study was carried out to evaluate iodine levels in retail milk across the U.S. over time. Milk samples (2% fat) were collected bimonthly in fourteen locations for one year and analyzed in duplicate. Control materials were used to support accuracy of results and ensure precision across analytical batches. The overall mean and standard error (SE) for iodine concentration were 82.5 (7.0) µg/240 mL serving, which was comparable to the previous national mean [85.0 (5.5) µg/240 mL]. A similar wide range among individual samples was detected (27.9-282 µg/240 mL). For some locations, the mean iodine concentration differed significantly from others, and differed from the national average by amounts ranging from -47 µg to +37 µg per serving. The between-sample range within location was large for some (up to 229 µg/serving) and minimal for others (as little as 13.2 µg/serving). These findings suggest iodine intake from some retail milk supplies could be over- or underestimated relative to the national average, even if the national average is suitable for population-wide intake estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Roseland
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | | | - Bryan T Vinyard
- Statistics Group, Northeast Area, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Todor Todorov
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Abby G Ershow
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pamela R Pehrsson
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Pehrsson PR, Roseland JM, Patterson KY, Phillips KM, Spungen JH, Andrews KW, Gusev PA, Gahche JJ, Haggans CJ, Merkel JM, Ershow AG. Iodine in foods and dietary supplements: A collaborative database developed by NIH, FDA and USDA. J Food Compost Anal 2022; 109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ershow AG, Haggans CJ, Roseland JM, Patterson KY, Spungen JH, Gahche JJ, Merkel JM, Pehrsson PR. Databases of Iodine Content of Foods and Dietary Supplements––Availability of New and Updated Resources. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022; 122:1229-1231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Roseland JM, Somanchi M, Bahadur R, Haytowitz DB, Pehrsson PR. Content and variability of vitamin D and iodine in processed egg products in the United States (U.S.). J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wu B, Roseland JM, Haytowitz DB, Pehrsson PR, Ershow AG. Availability and quality of published data on the purine content of foods, alcoholic beverages, and dietary supplements. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Roseland JM, Nguyen QV, Douglass LW, Patterson KY, Howe JC, Williams JR, Thompson LD, Brooks JC, Woerner DR, Engle TE, Savell JW, Gehring KB, Cifelli AM, McNeill SH. Fatty acid, cholesterol, vitamin, and mineral content of cooked beef cuts from a national study. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Williams JR, Roseland JM, Nguyen QV, Howe JC, Patterson KY, Pehrsson PR, Thompson LD. Nutrient composition and retention in whole turkeys with and without added solution. Poult Sci 2017; 96:3586-3592. [PMID: 28938764 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole turkeys sold in retail outlets are typically processed with added solutions to improve their taste and tenderness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutrient composition of whole turkeys with and without added solution, and to update the nutrient profile of turkey for the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. Eleven pairs of turkeys with added solution were obtained from statistically representative retail outlets using a nationwide sampling plan developed for USDA's National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program; 4 pairs of turkeys without added solution were purchased from local food outlets. Turkeys were roasted to an internal temperature of 165°F (74°C). Values of selected nutrients in light and dark meat, including skin, were determined by USDA approved laboratories using quality assurance protocols. Both raw and cooked turkeys, with and without added solution, were compared by one-way and 2-way factorial ANOVA. The results showed a significant interaction for fat (P < 0.0001) and zinc (P = 0.0070) between turkeys that were raw and cooked and those prepared with or without added solution. Fat was higher in raw turkeys with added solution compared to without added solution. Similarly, sodium, phosphorus, and calcium values were significantly higher in turkeys with added solution (P < 0.05) than in turkeys without added solution. Data from this study will be useful for developing strategies to address sodium-related health issues, nutrition monitoring, consumption surveys, and policy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Williams
- US Department of Agriculture, Nutrient Data Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 005, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - J M Roseland
- US Department of Agriculture, Nutrient Data Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 005, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Q V Nguyen
- US Department of Agriculture, Nutrient Data Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 005, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - J C Howe
- 7800 LaSalle Court, Severn, MD 21144
| | - K Y Patterson
- US Department of Agriculture, Nutrient Data Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 005, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - P R Pehrsson
- US Department of Agriculture, Nutrient Data Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 005, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - L D Thompson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 42141, Lubbock, TX 79409
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Andrews KW, Roseland JM, Gusev PA, Palachuvattil J, Dang PT, Savarala S, Han F, Pehrsson PR, Douglass LW, Dwyer JT, Betz JM, Saldanha LG, Bailey RL. Analytical ingredient content and variability of adult multivitamin/mineral products: national estimates for the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:526-539. [PMID: 27974309 PMCID: PMC5267296 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.134544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multivitamin/mineral products (MVMs) are the dietary supplements most commonly used by US adults. During manufacturing, some ingredients are added in amounts exceeding the label claims to compensate for expected losses during the shelf life. Establishing the health benefits and harms of MVMs requires accurate estimates of nutrient intake from MVMs based on measures of actual rather than labeled ingredient amounts. OBJECTIVES Our goals were to determine relations between analytically measured and labeled ingredient content and to compare adult MVM composition with Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and Tolerable Upper Intake Levels. DESIGN Adult MVMs were purchased while following a national sampling plan and chemically analyzed for vitamin and mineral content with certified reference materials in qualified laboratories. For each ingredient, predicted mean percentage differences between analytically obtained and labeled amounts were calculated with the use of regression equations. RESULTS For 12 of 18 nutrients, most products had labeled amounts at or above RDAs. The mean measured content of all ingredients (except thiamin) exceeded labeled amounts (overages). Predicted mean percentage differences exceeded labeled amounts by 1.5-13% for copper, manganese, magnesium, niacin, phosphorus, potassium, folic acid, riboflavin, and vitamins B-12, C, and E, and by ∼25% for selenium and iodine, regardless of labeled amount. In contrast, thiamin, vitamin B-6, calcium, iron, and zinc had linear or quadratic relations between the labeled and percentage differences, with ranges from -6.5% to 8.6%, -3.5% to 21%, 7.1% to 29.3%, -0.5% to 16.4%, and -1.9% to 8.1%, respectively. Analytically adjusted ingredient amounts are linked to adult MVMs reported in the NHANES 2003-2008 via the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (http://dsid.usda.nih.gov) to facilitate more accurate intake quantification. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin and mineral overages were measured in adult MVMs, most of which already meet RDAs. Therefore, nutrient overexposures from supplements combined with typical food intake may have unintended health consequences, although this would require further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen W Andrews
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD;
| | - Janet M Roseland
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
| | - Pavel A Gusev
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
| | - Joel Palachuvattil
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
| | - Phuong T Dang
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
| | - Sushma Savarala
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
| | - Fei Han
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
| | - Pamela R Pehrsson
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
| | | | - Johanna T Dwyer
- Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; and
| | - Joseph M Betz
- Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; and
| | - Leila G Saldanha
- Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; and
| | - Regan L Bailey
- Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; and,Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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Roseland JM, Patterson KY, Andrews KW, Phillips KM, Phillips MM, Pehrsson PR, Dufresne GL, Jakobsen J, Gusev PA, Savarala S, Nguyen QV, Makowski AJ, Scheuerell CR, Larouche GP, Wise SA, Harnly JM, Williams JR, Betz JM, Taylor CL. Interlaboratory Trial for Measurement of Vitamin D and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in Foods and a Dietary Supplement Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:3167-3175. [PMID: 27045951 PMCID: PMC4934653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of total vitamin D intake from foods and dietary supplements (DSs) may be incomplete if 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] intake is not included. However, 25(OH)D data for such intake assessments are lacking, no food or DS reference materials (RMs) are available, and comparison of laboratory performance has been needed. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate whether vitamin D3 and 25(OH)D3 concentrations in food and DS materials could be measured with acceptable reproducibility. Five experienced laboratories from the United States and other countries participated, all using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry but no common analytical protocol; however, various methods were used for determining vitamin D3 in the DS. Five animal-based materials (including three commercially available RMs) and one DS were analyzed. Reproducibility results for the materials were acceptable. Thus, it is possible to obtain consistent results among experienced laboratories for vitamin D3 and 25(OH)D3 in foods and a DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Roseland
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Nutrient Data Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 005, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Kristine Y Patterson
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Nutrient Data Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 005, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Karen W Andrews
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Nutrient Data Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 005, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Katherine M Phillips
- Virginia Tech, Biochemistry Department (0308), 304 Engel Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Melissa M Phillips
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, MS 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392
| | - Pamela R Pehrsson
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Nutrient Data Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 005, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Guy L Dufresne
- Health Canada, Food and Nutrition Laboratory, 1001, St-Laurent Ouest, Longueuil, Québec, Canada J4K IC7
| | - Jette Jakobsen
- Division of Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Pavel A Gusev
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Nutrient Data Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 005, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Sushma Savarala
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Nutrient Data Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 005, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Quynhanh V Nguyen
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Nutrient Data Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 005, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | | | | | - Guillaume P Larouche
- Health Canada, Food and Nutrition Laboratory, 1001, St-Laurent Ouest, Longueuil, Québec, Canada J4K IC7
| | - Stephen A Wise
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, MS 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392
| | - James M Harnly
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Food Composition and Method Development Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 161, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Juhi R Williams
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Nutrient Data Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 005, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Joseph M Betz
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, 6100 Executive Blvd., 3B01, MSC 7517,Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Christine L Taylor
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, 6100 Executive Blvd., 3B01, MSC 7517,Bethesda, MD 20892
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Taylor
- From the Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD (CLT, e-mail: ; PMC), and USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD (JMR; PRP)
| | - Janet M Roseland
- From the Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD (CLT, e-mail: ; PMC), and USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD (JMR; PRP)
| | - Paul M Coates
- From the Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD (CLT, e-mail: ; PMC), and USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD (JMR; PRP)
| | - Pamela R Pehrsson
- From the Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD (CLT, e-mail: ; PMC), and USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD (JMR; PRP)
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Ahuja JK, Wasswa-Kintu S, Haytowitz DB, Daniel M, Thomas R, Showell B, Nickle M, Roseland JM, Gunn J, Cogswell M, Pehrsson PR. Sodium content of popular commercially processed and restaurant foods in the United States. Prev Med Rep 2015; 2:962-7. [PMID: 26844175 PMCID: PMC4721398 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to provide baseline estimates of sodium levels in 125 popular, sodium-contributing, commercially processed and restaurant foods in the U.S., to assess future changes as manufacturers reformulate foods. METHODS In 2010-2013, we obtained ~ 5200 sample units from up to 12 locations and analyzed 1654 composites for sodium and related nutrients (potassium, total dietary fiber, total and saturated fat, and total sugar), as part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture-led sodium-monitoring program. We determined sodium content as mg/100 g, mg/serving, and mg/kcal and compared them against U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) sodium limits for "low" and "healthy" claims and to the optimal sodium level of < 1.1 mg/kcal, extrapolating from the Healthy Eating Index-2010. RESULTS Results from this study represent the baseline nutrient values to use in assessing future changes as foods are reformulated for sodium reduction. Sodium levels in over half (69 of 125) of the foods, including all main dishes and most Sentinel Foods from fast-food outlets or restaurants (29 of 33 foods), exceeded the FDA sodium limit for using the claim "healthy". Only 13 of 125 foods had sodium values below 1.1 mg/kcal. We observed a wide range of sodium content among similar food types and brands. CONCLUSIONS Current sodium levels in commercially processed and restaurant foods in the U.S. are high and variable. Targeted benchmarks and increased awareness of high sodium content and variability in foods would support reduction of sodium intakes in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet K.C. Ahuja
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg 005, Room 205 BARC-WEST, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Shirley Wasswa-Kintu
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg 005, Room 205 BARC-WEST, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - David B. Haytowitz
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg 005, Room 205 BARC-WEST, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Marlon Daniel
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg 005, Room 205 BARC-WEST, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Robin Thomas
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg 005, Room 205 BARC-WEST, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Bethany Showell
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg 005, Room 205 BARC-WEST, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Melissa Nickle
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg 005, Room 205 BARC-WEST, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Janet M. Roseland
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg 005, Room 205 BARC-WEST, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Janelle Gunn
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Mailstop F-72, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Mary Cogswell
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Mailstop F-72, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Pamela R. Pehrsson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg 005, Room 205 BARC-WEST, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Taylor CL, Patterson KY, Roseland JM, Wise SA, Merkel JM, Pehrsson PR, Yetley EA. Including food 25-hydroxyvitamin D in intake estimates may reduce the discrepancy between dietary and serum measures of vitamin D status. J Nutr 2014; 144:654-9. [PMID: 24623845 PMCID: PMC3985821 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.189811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The discrepancy between the commonly used vitamin D status measures-intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations--has been perplexing. Sun exposure increases serum 25(OH)D concentrations and is often used as an explanation for the higher population-based serum concentrations in the face of apparently low vitamin D intake. However, sun exposure may not be the total explanation. 25(OH)D, a metabolite of vitamin D, is known to be present in animal-based foods. It has been measured and reported only sporadically and is not currently factored into U.S. estimates of vitamin D intake. Previously unavailable preliminary USDA data specifying the 25(OH)D content of a subset of foods allowed exploration of the potential change in the reported overall vitamin D content of foods when the presence of 25(OH)D was included. The issue of 25(OH)D potency was addressed, and available commodity intake estimates were used to outline trends in projected vitamin D intake when 25(OH)D in foods was taken into account. Given the data available, there were notable increases in the total vitamin D content of a number of animal-based foods when potency-adjusted 25(OH)D was included, and in turn there was a potentially meaningful increase (1.7-2.9 μg or 15-30% of average requirement) in vitamin D intake estimates. The apparent increase could reduce discrepancies between intake estimates and serum 25(OH)D concentrations. The relevance to dietary interventions is discussed, and the need for continued exploration regarding 25(OH)D measurement is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L. Taylor
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | | | - Janet M. Roseland
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD; and
| | - Stephen A. Wise
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Department of Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Joyce M. Merkel
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Pamela R. Pehrsson
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD; and
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Dwyer J, Andrews KW, Bailey RL, Betz JM, Burt VL, Costello RB, Emenaker NJ, Gahche JJ, Hardy CJ, Pehrsson PR, Roseland JM, Saldanha LG. Progress in the Development of Federal Resources to Assess Dietary Supplement (DS) Exposures. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.242.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Andrews KW, Roseland JM, Middleton A, Solomon A, Palachuvattil J, Dang PT, Holden JM, Pehrsson PR, Dwyer JT, Bailey RL, Betz JM, Costello RB, Saldanha LG, Hardy CJ, Gahche JJ, Emenaker NJ, Douglass L. Chemical analysis of omega‐3 (n‐3) fatty acid supplements for the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID). FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.242.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K W Andrews
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterU.S. Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMD
| | - J M Roseland
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterU.S. Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMD
| | - A Middleton
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterU.S. Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMD
| | - A Solomon
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterU.S. Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMD
| | - J Palachuvattil
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterU.S. Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMD
| | - PT Dang
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterU.S. Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMD
| | - J M Holden
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterU.S. Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMD
| | - P R Pehrsson
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterU.S. Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMD
| | - J T Dwyer
- Office of Dietary SupplementsNIHBethesdaMD
| | - R L Bailey
- Office of Dietary SupplementsNIHBethesdaMD
| | - J M Betz
- Office of Dietary SupplementsNIHBethesdaMD
| | | | | | - C J Hardy
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, FDACollege ParkMD
| | - J J Gahche
- National Center for Health StatisticsCenters for Disease ControlU.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesHyattsvilleMD
| | - N J Emenaker
- Nutritional Science Research GroupNational Cancer Institute, NIHBethesdaMD
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Saldanha LG, Dwyer JT, Bailen RA, Chang FF, Andrews KW, Bailey RL, Betz JM, Burt VL, Costello RB, Emenaker NJ, Gahche JJ, Hardy CJ, Pehrsson PR, Roseland JM. Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) Will Capture Information from Dietary Supplement (DS) Labels. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.848.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Andrews KW, Roseland JM, Holden JM, Middleton AM, Solomon AM, Douglass L, Dwyer JT, Bailey R, Saldanha LG, Daniel MG. Release 2 of the U.S. Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID): research protocols and ingredient estimates for children's and adult multivitamins. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.379.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J M Holden
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryUSDABeltsvilleMD
| | | | | | | | - J T Dwyer
- Office of Dietary SupplementsNIHBethesdaMD
| | - R Bailey
- Office of Dietary SupplementsNIHBethesdaMD
| | | | - M G Daniel
- Nutrient Data LaboratoryUSDABeltsvilleMD
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Saldanha LG, Dwyer JT, Holden JM, Andrews KW, Bailey RL, Betz JM, Gahche JJ, Hardy CJ, Milner J, Roseland JM. Identifying non‐vitamin & mineral bioactive (non‐VM) ingredients for inclusion in Dietary Supplement (DS) Composition Databases. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.239.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Roseland JM, Holden JM, Andrews KW, Zhao C, Schweitzer A, Harnly J, Wolf WR, Perry CR, Dwyer JT, Picciano MF, Betz JM, Saldanha LG, Yetley EA, Fisher KD, Sharpless KE. Dietary supplement ingredient database (DSID): Preliminary USDA studies on the composition of adult multivitamin/mineral supplements. J Food Compost Anal 2008; 21:S69-S77. [PMID: 24307755 PMCID: PMC3846171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Nutrient Data Laboratory of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is collaborating with the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), and other government agencies to design and populate a dietary supplement ingredient database (DSID). This analytically based, publicly available database will provide reliable estimates of vitamin and mineral content of dietary supplement (DS) products. The DSID will initially be populated with multivitamin/mineral (MVM) products because they are the most commonly consumed supplements. Challenges associated with the analysis of MVMs were identified and investigated. A pilot study addressing the identification of appropriate analytical methods, sample preparation protocols, and experienced laboratories for the analysis of 12 vitamins and 11 minerals in adult MVM supplement products was completed. Preliminary studies support the development of additional analytical studies with results that can be applied to the DSID. Total intakes from foods and supplements are needed to evaluate the associations between dietary components and health. The DSID will provide better estimates of actual nutrient intake from supplements than databases that rely on label values alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M. Roseland
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Joanne M. Holden
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Karen W. Andrews
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Cuiwei Zhao
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Amy Schweitzer
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - James Harnly
- Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Wayne R. Wolf
- Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Charles R. Perry
- Research and Development Division, National Agricultural Statistics Service, US Department of Agriculture, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Johanna T. Dwyer
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Frances Picciano
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph M. Betz
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leila G. Saldanha
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Yetley
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Fisher
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Andrews KW, Schweitzer A, Zhao C, Holden JM, Roseland JM, Brandt M, Dwyer JT, Picciano MF, Saldanha LG, Fisher KD, Yetley E, Betz JM, Douglass L. The caffeine contents of dietary supplements commonly purchased in the US: analysis of 53 products with caffeine-containing ingredients. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:231-9. [PMID: 17676317 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1437-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Revised: 06/08/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As part of a study initiating the development of an analytically validated Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID) in the United States (US), a selection of dietary supplement products were analyzed for their caffeine content. Products sold as tablets, caplets, or capsules and listing at least one caffeine-containing ingredient (including botanicals such as guarana, yerba mate, kola nut, and green tea extract) on the label were selected for analysis based on market share information. Two or three lots of each product were purchased and analyzed using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Each analytical run included one or two National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) and two products in duplicate. Caffeine intake per serving and per day was calculated using the maximum recommendations on each product label. Laboratory analysis for 53 products showed product means ranging from 1 to 829 mg caffeine/day. For products with a label amount for comparison (n = 28), 89% (n = 25) of the products had analytically based caffeine levels/day of between -16% and +16% of the claimed levels. Lot-to-lot variability (n = 2 or 3) for caffeine in most products (72%) was less than 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen W Andrews
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA.
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