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Burger JW, Mafuze B, Brooker J, Patricios JS. Championing mental health: sport and exercise psychiatry for low- and middle-income countries using a model from South Africa. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:519-521. [PMID: 38599682 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- James W Burger
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- HIV Mental Health Research Group, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bonginkosi Mafuze
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Janine Brooker
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jon S Patricios
- Wits Sport and Health (WiSH), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Kohli S, Bawa A, Crooks S, Nagarajakumar A, Brooker J, Doddi S. A hip fracture nurse specialist has a positive outcome on the length of stay for patients with hip fractures. G Chir 2019; 40:551-555. [PMID: 32007119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine if recruitment of a hip fracture nurse specialist has a reduction in length of stay for hip fracture patients. METHOD Primary data was extracted from the National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD). The length of stay of hip fracture patients from 2011-2014 was compared to the period 2014-17, following appointment of a hip fracture nurse specialist in 2014. RESULTS The average length of stay in the first group (2011-2014) was 19.94 days and in the second group (2014-2017) was 16.52 days. There was a reduction of 3.42 days (17.15%) and was statistically significant. There was also a reduction in the time to surgery (1.38 days versus 1.15 days) and the crude 30-day mortality (10% versus 6.06%) both of which were statistically significant. The two groups were well-matched with regards to age, female: male ratio and severity of co-morbidities (based on American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status classification system). CONCLUSION The introduction of a dedicated hip fracture nurse specialist has a positive outcome on hip fracture patients by reducing length of stay, time to surgery and the crude 30-day mortality.
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Gonzalez Pena D, Vukasinovic N, Brooker J, Przybyla C, Fessenden B, DeNise S. 320 Genomic Predictions for Calf Wellness in Holstein Cattle. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - S DeNise
- Zoetis,Kalamazoo, MI, United States
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Kissane DW, Bobevski I, Gaitanis P, Brooker J, Michael N, Lethborg C, Richardson G, Webster P, Hempton C. Exploratory examination of the utility of demoralization as a diagnostic specifier for adjustment disorder and major depression. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2017. [PMID: 28622810 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Demoralization, a state of lowered morale and poor coping, has a prevalence of 13-18% among patients with advanced cancer. We surveyed clinicians' perspectives of the utility of "with demoralization" as a diagnostic specifier for adjustment and depressive disorders. METHOD Using comparative clinical vignettes in a field survey, clinicians from a range of disciplines were asked their perception of the utility of diagnosis and treatment options. Response frequencies were compared using Cochran's Q and McNemar's tests, with sensitivity and specificity rated against expert rankings of diagnosis. Analysis of variance and paired t-tests examined significant differences in ratings of utility. RESULTS Vignettes were assessed by 280 clinicians; 77% supported utility of the category 'adjustment disorder with demoralization' compared to 33% supporting 'adjustment disorder with anxiety' (McNemar test, p<0.001), while 83% supported the utility of 'with demoralization' for major depressive episode, matching 83% perceiving utility for 'with melancholia.' Sensitivity and specificity ratings were 77% and 94% for adjustment disorder with demoralization and 83% and 91% for major depression with demoralization. CONCLUSION Clinicians perceived the specifier 'with demoralization' to deepen diagnostic understanding, treatment choice, and ability to communicate with clinicians and patients, particularly for the category of adjustment disorder with demoralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Kissane
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Szalmuk Family Psycho-Oncology Research Unit, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC, Australia.
| | - I Bobevski
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - P Gaitanis
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - J Brooker
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Szalmuk Family Psycho-Oncology Research Unit, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC, Australia
| | - N Michael
- Palliative Care Research Department, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC, Australia; University of Notre Dame, Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, Australia
| | - C Lethborg
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Oncology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - G Richardson
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC, Australia
| | - P Webster
- Department of General Practice, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - C Hempton
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Szalmuk Family Psycho-Oncology Research Unit, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC, Australia
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DeLorenzo ME, Brooker J, Chung KW, Kelly M, Martinez J, Moore JG, Thomas M. Exposure of the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, to antimicrobial compounds affects associated Vibrio bacterial density and development of antibiotic resistance. Environ Toxicol 2016; 31:469-477. [PMID: 25348372 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial compounds are widespread, emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment and may threaten ecosystem and human health. This study characterized effects of antimicrobial compounds common to human and veterinary medicine, aquaculture, and consumer personal care products [erythromycin (ERY), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), oxytetracycline (OTC), and triclosan (TCS)] in the grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio. The effects of antimicrobial treatments on grass shrimp mortality and lipid peroxidation activity were measured. The effects of antimicrobial treatments on the bacterial community of the shrimp were then assessed by measuring Vibrio density and testing bacterial isolates for antibiotic resistance. TCS (0.33 mg/L) increased shrimp mortality by 37% and increased lipid peroxidation activity by 63%. A mixture of 0.33 mg/L TCS and 60 mg/L SMX caused a 47% increase in shrimp mortality and an 88% increase in lipid peroxidation activity. Exposure to SMX (30 mg/L or 60 mg/L) alone and to a mixture of SMX/ERY/OTC did not significantly affect shrimp survival or lipid peroxidation activity. Shrimp exposure to 0.33 mg/L TCS increased Vibrio density 350% as compared to the control whereas SMX, the SMX/TCS mixture, and the mixture of SMX/ERY/OTC decreased Vibrio density 78-94%. Increased Vibrio antibiotic resistance was observed for all shrimp antimicrobial treatments except for the mixture of SMX/ERY/OTC. Approximately 87% of grass shrimp Vibrio isolates displayed resistance to TCS in the control treatment suggesting a high level of TCS resistance in environmental Vibrio populations. The presence of TCS in coastal waters may preferentially increase the resistance and abundance of pathogenic bacteria. These results indicate the need for further study into the potential interactions between antimicrobials, aquatic organisms, and associated bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E DeLorenzo
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, South Carolina, 29412
| | - J Brooker
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, 29412
| | - K W Chung
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, South Carolina, 29412
| | - M Kelly
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, 29412
| | - J Martinez
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, 29412
| | - J G Moore
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, South Carolina, 29412
| | - M Thomas
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, 29412
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Peng H, Revell D, Brooker J. Isolation of a diaminobutyric acid-degrading
bacterium from the sheep rumen. J Anim Feed Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/74466/2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
A review of the literature illustrates the unpopularity of nursing in the elderly population related to other areas of nursing practice. The aim of this article is to present the findings of a research project conducted in Victoria, Australia, investigating the career preferences of undergraduate nursing students. The results indicate caring for older adults is considered the least popular area of practice for Year 1 nursing students. The reason given by students for their choices demonstrates a negative view of this type of work, largely based on inaccuracies and misconceptions. The implications of these findings for the future care of elderly individuals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Happell
- Centre for Psychiatric Nursing Research and Practice, School of Postgraduate Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
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Boerio M, Brooker J, Freese L, Phares P, Yazvec S. Pediatric dermatology: that itchy scaly rash. Nurs Clin North Am 2000; 35:147-57. [PMID: 10673571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Primary care practitioners in the pediatric setting treat children for numerous skin complaints. The most frequently seen dermatologic conditions are those that are persistent and cause children discomfort, such as atopic, contact seborrheic dermatitis and tinea infections. Familiarity with the presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment of these common skin conditions enables the practitioner to successfully manage these rashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boerio
- Certified Pediatric Nurse Practitioner, Pediatric Associates of Fairfield/Hamilton, Fairfield, Ohio, USA
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Papatheodoridis GV, Patch D, Webster GJ, Brooker J, Barnes E, Burroughs AK. Infection and hemostasis in decompensated cirrhosis: a prospective study using thrombelastography. Hepatology 1999; 29:1085-90. [PMID: 10094951 DOI: 10.1002/hep.510290437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are common complications in decompensated cirrhosis, but their relationship with hemostasis has not been studied. We prospectively assessed whether infection affects hemostasis in cirrhosis using routine hemostasis tests and thrombelastography (TEG), a global test of hemostatic function. Eighty-four cirrhotic patients (Child-Pugh B: 26; C: 58) without overt bleeding or blood-product transfusion were prospectively evaluated with routine hemostasis tests and TEG on admission and/or the first day with signs of infection and 5 days later. There were 30 patients with infection; 15 had infection on admission, and 15 developed infection in hospital. In the patients who developed infection in hospital, there was a significant deterioration in all routine hemostasis tests except platelet count (PLT) and in all TEG parameters, on the first day of infection compared with 7 +/- 3 days previously. The same parameters significantly improved from the first day of infection to day 5 and after (P <.02) only in the 22 patients whose infection resolved, while the r, k, and alpha TEG parameters significantly worsened in the 8 patients with persistent infection. In those who developed infection in hospital and were cured (n = 11), the 5-day parameters did not differ from their preinfection values. In conclusion, bacterial infections frequently impair hemostasis in decompensated cirrhotic patients. Successful treatment of infection usually restores hemostasis parameters to preinfection levels in 5 days. Thus, infection may have a role in the bleeding diathesis of cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Papatheodoridis
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Abstract
Nurses live and work in complex practice worlds; worlds of shrinking resources and expanding needs. Reflection through journaling offers unique opportunities to gain insight into practice. What might we learn from one's journal? A reflective journal can be a source of interplay between the self as written and the self as other. Likewise, the journal may act to situate ourselves in practice, while at the same time enabling us to illuminate how and in what ways our understandings have become distorted. The extent to which one's journal is educative depends upon the manner in which one chooses to use it as a transformative tool, a tool that might well be described as a process of healing and enlightenment. In order to illustrate the reflexive nature of journaling, this paper is presented as a play reading, where a conversation about practice stories between the different aspects of the nurse's self is depicted. In adopting a play reading, an alternative pedagogical tool is used to illustrate different methodologies exemplifying the emergence of how and in what ways we develop and reconstruct our understanding in nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cash
- School of Nursing, Deakin University, Geelong, Victona, Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the desaturation events with the presence and absence of a nasogastric tube during an entire oral feeding in 20 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. DESIGN Prospective, quasi-experimental, random assignment. SETTING Midwestern, university-affiliated, tertiary neonatal medical center. PATIENTS Twenty VLBW infants without severe neurologic problems or physical anomalies. On the day of the study, postnatal days were 17 to 82 days (49+/-18.91). OUTCOME MEASURES Desaturation events. INTERVENTION These infants were observed during oral feedings, once with a nasogastric tube and once without, at 9 am and 3 pm feedings within 1 day, decided in random order. RESULTS Fifteen infants experienced 166 desaturation events (<90%), 83 desaturation events without the nasogastric tube, and 83 events with the nasogastric tube present. Infants for whom desaturation events developed has a longer transition period from tube feedings to oral feedings (p<0.05), and started feedings with lower oxygen saturation (p<0.05). Nearly all desaturation events (97%) occurred with breathing pauses (11.32+/-6.67 seconds), a change in heart rate, and an increase in end-tidal CO2. The presence of a nasogastric tube increased the duration of desaturation by an average of 8 seconds (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Infants' oxygen saturation needs to be monitored with feedings, and feedings may need to be started with a baseline lowest saturation of 95% or higher, monitored with breathing and heart rate to prevent desaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Shiao
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4904, USA
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Rivera M, Hunter GC, Brooker J, O'Berg CW, Smythe SH, Bernhard VM. Aortic graft infection due to Pasteurella haemolytica and group C beta-hemolytic streptococcus. Clin Infect Dis 1994; 19:941-3. [PMID: 7893884 DOI: 10.1093/clinids/19.5.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although infection is a rare complication of aortic bypass grafting, we treated a 50-year-old patient who developed aortic graft infection due to Pasteurella haemolytica and group C beta-hemolytic streptococcus. The source of the infection could not be verified; however, after removal of the infected graft and administration of a 6-week course of intravenous ampicillin, he recovered fully. We discuss the etiology and pathogenesis of this rare infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rivera
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona
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Brooker J, Christensen PA, Hamnett A, He R, Paliteiro CA. Combined scanning tunnelling microscopy and in situ Fourier transform infrared study of dioxygen reduction on gold. Faraday Discuss 1992. [DOI: 10.1039/fd9929400339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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O'Donoghue P, Lumb R, Smith P, Brooker J, Mencke N. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against ovine Sarcocystis spp. antigens by immunoblotting and immuno-electron microscopy. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1990; 24:11-25. [PMID: 2107621 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(90)90074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Six monoclonal antibodies were raised in mice against purified cytozoite extracts of Sarcocystis gigantea and S. tenella from sheep. Each monoclonal antibody was evaluated for specificity by enzyme immunoassay, immunoblotting and immuno-electron microscopy using homologous and heterologous antigenic preparations. All six monoclonal antibodies exhibited good species-specificity when reacted against crude soluble cystozoite antigens in enzyme immunoassays. However, only two monoclonal antibodies (IgM and IgG2a) exhibited reactivity in Western blots against specific protein bands. Both reacted against S. gigantea antigens of 100,000, 43,000 and 39,000 molecular weight. Neither monoclonal antibody reacted against the heterologous species S. tenella. Ultrastructural studies performed with colloidal-gold conjugated antisera revealed that both monoclonal antibodies reacted against antigens located around micronemes and amylopectin granules in S. gigantea cystozoites. Another monoclonal antibody (IgGI) reacted only against microneme determinants in S. tenella cystozoites. In contrast, polyclonal sheep and rabbit immune sera cross-reacted against a wide range of cystozoite antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- P O'Donoghue
- Central Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Agriculture, Adelaide, Australia
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Schifman RB, Wieden M, Brooker J, Chery M, Delduca M, Norgard K, Palen C, Reis N, Swanson J, White J. Bacteriuria screening by direct bioluminescence assay of ATP. J Clin Microbiol 1984; 20:644-8. [PMID: 6490851 PMCID: PMC271402 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.20.4.644-648.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A direct bioluminescence assay for bacteriuria screening is described and compared with the MS-2 system (Abbott Laboratories, Irvine, Tex.) and the chemical strip, Gram smear, and calibrated-loop methods. A total of 973 specimens were tested. Unlike previously described bioluminescence methods, this test measures total ATP in urine without pretreatment of samples to remove somatic ATP. The result was compared with an ATP standard (20 ng/ml). A low result (less than 3% of standard) was interpreted as negative and a high result (greater than 10% of standard) as positive. Samples with intermediate results (38% of total) were incubated at 35 degrees C in thioglycolate broth (1:10). A 2% increase in ATP concentration was interpreted as positive. The sensitivity of this method for detecting greater than 10(5) pathogens per ml was 92.3% and was comparable to those of the MS-2 system (92.7%) and the Gram smear method (90.5%). The chemical strip method was less sensitive (84.0%). The direct bioluminescence method was more sensitive than were the MS-2 system and the Gram smear method for detecting low-level bacteriuria (less than 10(3) to 10(5) organisms per ml), primarily because of associated pyuria. Thioglycolate broth provided a suitable medium for ATP production, and 5% CO2 decreased bacterial ATP synthesis during log-phase growth. The direct bioluminescence assay is rapid, simple, cost-effective, and reliable for bacteriuria screening.
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Archer P, Brooker J. Endotracheal cuff pressure and tracheal mucosal blood flow: endoscopic study of effects of four large volume cuffs. West J Med 1984. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.288.6425.1237-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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