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Hojná S, Malínská H, Hüttl M, Vaňourková Z, Marková I, Miklánková D, Hrdlička J, Papoušek F, Neckář J, Kujal P, Behuliak M, Rauchová H, Kadlecová M, Sedmera D, Neffeová K, Zábrodská E, Olejníčková V, Zicha J, Vaněčková I. Hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effects of empagliflozin in spontaneously hypertensive rats fed a high-fat diet. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116520. [PMID: 38581924 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
A combination of liver and heart dysfunction worsens the prognosis of human survival. The aim of this study was to investigate whether empagliflozin (a sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitor) has beneficial effects not only on cardiac and renal function but also on hepatic function. Adult (6-month-old) male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were fed a high-fat diet (60% fat) for four months to induce hepatic steatosis and mild heart failure. For the last two months, the rats were treated with empagliflozin (empa, 10 mg.kg-1.day-1 in the drinking water). Renal function and oral glucose tolerance test were analyzed in control (n=8), high-fat diet (SHR+HF, n=10), and empagliflozin-treated (SHR+HF+empa, n=9) SHR throughout the study. Metabolic parameters and echocardiography were evaluated at the end of the experiment. High-fat diet feeding increased body weight and visceral adiposity, liver triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations, and worsened glucose tolerance. Although the high-fat diet did not affect renal function, it significantly worsened cardiac function in a subset of SHR rats. Empagliflozin reduced body weight gain but not visceral fat deposition. It also improved glucose sensitivity and several metabolic parameters (plasma insulin, uric acid, and HDL cholesterol). In the liver, empagliflozin reduced ectopic lipid accumulation, lipoperoxidation, inflammation and pro-inflammatory HETEs, while increasing anti-inflammatory EETs. In addition, empagliflozin improved cardiac function (systolic, diastolic and pumping) independent of blood pressure. The results of our study suggest that hepatoprotection plays a decisive role in the beneficial effects of empagliflozin in preventing the progression of cardiac dysfunction induced by high-fat diet feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvie Hojná
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Malínská
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hüttl
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Vaňourková
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Marková
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Miklánková
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Hrdlička
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Papoušek
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Neckář
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kujal
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Behuliak
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Rauchová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kadlecová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmera
- 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Neffeová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Zábrodská
- 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Josef Zicha
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Vaněčková
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Olejnickova V, Zabrodska E, Hrdlička J, Papousek F, Peskova M, Kvasilova A, Neckar J, Kolar F. Electrophysiological remodeling of the neonatal heart under the pressure overload – The impact on the adult myocardium. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.08.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Horváth C, Szobi A, Farkašová-Ledvényiová V, Young M, Jarabicová I, Hrdlička J, Neckar J, Lewis M, Kolar F, Ravingerová T, Suleiman S, Adameová A. Evidence of necroptosis in various models of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: A role of time and possible implication of additive cell death modes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Malínská H, Hüttl M, Marková I, Miklánková D, Hojná S, Papoušek F, Šilhavý J, Mlejnek P, Zicha J, Hrdlička J, Pravenec M, Vaněčková I. Beneficial Effects of Empagliflozin Are Mediated by Reduced Renal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Expressing Human C-Reactive Protein. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092066. [PMID: 36140169 PMCID: PMC9495591 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliflozins (inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) show many beneficial actions beyond their antidiabetic effects. The underlying mechanisms of these additional protective effects are still not well understood, especially under non-diabetic conditions. Therefore, we analyzed the effects of empagliflozin in young (3-month-old) and adult (12-month-old) male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) expressing human C-reactive protein (CRP) in the liver. SHR-CRP rats are a non-diabetic model of metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and organ damage. Empagliflozin was given in a daily dose of 10 mg/kg body weight for 8 weeks. Both age groups of SHR-CRP rats treated with empagliflozin had lower body weight, decreased weight of fat depots, reduced ectopic fat accumulation in the liver and kidneys, and decreased levels of plasma insulin and β-hydroxybutyrate. Empagliflozin effectively reduced ectopic renal fat accumulation, and was associated with decreased inflammation. Exclusively in young rats, decreased microalbuminuria after empagliflozin treatment was accompanied by attenuated oxidative stress. In adult animals, empagliflozin also improved left ventricle function. In conclusion, in young animals, the beneficial renoprotective effects of empagliflozin could be ascribed to reduced lipid deposition in the kidney and the attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation. In contrast, hepatic lipid metabolism was ameliorated in adult rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Malínská
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hüttl
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Marková
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Miklánková
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Hojná
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Papoušek
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šilhavý
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Mlejnek
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zicha
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Hrdlička
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Vaněčková
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-241062592
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Neckář J, Alánová P, Olejníčková V, Papoušek F, Hejnová L, Šilhavý J, Behuliak M, Bencze M, Hrdlička J, Vecka M, Jarkovská D, Švíglerová J, Mistrová E, Štengl M, Novotný J, Ošťádal B, Pravenec M, Kolář F. Excess ischemic tachyarrhythmias trigger protection against myocardial infarction in hypertensive rats. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2143-2163. [PMID: 34486670 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Increased level of C-reactive protein (CRP) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction and hypertension. Here, we analyzed the effects of CRP overexpression on cardiac susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) expressing human CRP transgene (SHR-CRP). Using an in vivo model of coronary artery occlusion, we found that transgenic expression of CRP predisposed SHR-CRP to repeated and prolonged ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Excessive ischemic arrhythmias in SHR-CRP led to a significant reduction in infarct size (IS) compared with SHR. The proarrhythmic phenotype in SHR-CRP was associated with altered heart and plasma eicosanoids, myocardial composition of fatty acids (FAs) in phospholipids, and autonomic nervous system imbalance before ischemia. To explain unexpected IS-limiting effect in SHR-CRP, we performed metabolomic analysis of plasma before and after ischemia. We also determined cardiac ischemic tolerance in hearts subjected to remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPer) and in hearts ex vivo. Acute ischemia in SHR-CRP markedly increased plasma levels of multiple potent cardioprotective molecules that could reduce IS at reperfusion. RIPer provided IS-limiting effect in SHR that was comparable with myocardial infarction observed in naïve SHR-CRP. In hearts ex vivo, IS did not differ between the strains, suggesting that extra-cardiac factors play a crucial role in protection. Our study shows that transgenic expression of human CRP predisposes SHR-CRP to excess ischemic ventricular tachyarrhythmias associated with a drop of pump function that triggers myocardial salvage against lethal I/R injury likely mediated by protective substances released to blood from hypoxic organs and tissue at reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Neckář
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Alánová
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Olejníčková
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Papoušek
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Hejnová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šilhavý
- Laboratory of Genetics of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Behuliak
- Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Bencze
- Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Hrdlička
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Vecka
- 4th Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Jarkovská
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Švíglerová
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Mistrová
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Štengl
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Novotný
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Ošťádal
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Laboratory of Genetics of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Kolář
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Lichý M, Szobi A, Hrdlička J, Neckář J, Kolář F, Adameová A. Programmed Cell Death in the Left and Right Ventricle of the Late Phase of Post-Infarction Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7782. [PMID: 33096720 PMCID: PMC7589581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
While necroptosis has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of post-infarction heart failure (HF), the role of autophagy remains unclear. Likewise, linkage between these two cell death modalities has not been sufficiently investigated. HF was induced by 60-min left coronary occlusion in adult Wistar rats and heart function was assessed 6 weeks later followed by immunoblotting analysis of necroptotic and autophagic proteins in both the left (LV) and right ventricle (RV). HF had no effect on RIP1 and RIP3 expression. PhosphoSer229-RIP3, acting as a pro-necroptotic signal, was increased in LV while deceased in RV of failing hearts. Total MLKL was elevated in RV only. Decrease in pSer555-ULK1, increase in pSer473-Akt and no significant elevation in beclin-1 and LC3-II/I ratio indicated rather a lowered rate of autophagy in LV. No beclin-1 upregulation and decreased LC3 processing also suggested the inhibition of both autophagosome formation and maturation in RV of failing hearts. In contrast, p89 PARP1 fragment, a marker of executed apoptosis, was increased in RV only. This is the first study showing a different signaling in ventricles of the late phase of post-infarction HF, highlighting necroptosis itself rather than its linkage with autophagy in LV, and apoptosis in RV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lichý
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakova 8, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Adrián Szobi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakova 8, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Jaroslav Hrdlička
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.N.); (F.K.)
| | - Jan Neckář
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.N.); (F.K.)
| | - František Kolář
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.N.); (F.K.)
| | - Adriana Adameová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakova 8, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.L.); (A.S.)
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Hrdlička J, Papoušek F, Šilhavý J, Akat F, Pravenec M, Kolář F, Neckář J. Effect of metformin on the progression of post-ischemic heart failure in transgenic spontaneously hypertensive rats expressing human C-reactive protein. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lichý M, Szobi A, Hrdlička J, Horváth C, Kormanová V, Rajtík T, Neckář J, Kolář F, Adameová A. Different signalling in infarcted and non-infarcted areas of rat failing hearts: A role of necroptosis and inflammation. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6429-6441. [PMID: 31328381 PMCID: PMC6714220 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis has been recognized in heart failure (HF). In this study, we investigated detailed necroptotic signalling in infarcted and non‐infarcted areas separately and its mechanistic link with main features of HF. Post‐infarction HF in rats was induced by left coronary occlusion (60 minutes) followed by 42‐day reperfusion. Heart function was assessed echocardiographically. Molecular signalling and proposed mechanisms (oxidative stress, collagen deposition and inflammation) were investigated in whole hearts and in subcellular fractions when appropriate. In post‐infarction failing hearts, TNF and pSer229‐RIP3 levels were comparably increased in both infarcted and non‐infarcted areas. Its cytotoxic downstream molecule p‐MLKL, indicating necroptosis execution, was detected in infarcted area. In non‐infarcted area, despite increased pSer229‐RIP3, p‐MLKL was present in neither whole cells nor the cell membrane known to be associated with necroptosis execution. Likewise, increased membrane lipoperoxidation and NOX2 levels unlikely promoted pro‐necroptotic environment in non‐infarcted area. Collagen deposition and the inflammatory csp‐1‐IL‐1β axis were active in both areas of failing hearts, while being more pronounced in infarcted tissue. Although apoptotic proteins were differently expressed in infarcted and non‐infarcted tissue, apoptosis was found to play an insignificant role. p‐MLKL‐driven necroptosis and inflammation while inflammation only (without necroptotic cell death) seem to underlie fibrotic healing and progressive injury in infarcted and non‐infarcted areas of failing hearts, respectively. Upregulation of pSer229‐RIP3 in both HF areas suggests that this kinase, associated with both necroptosis and inflammation, is likely to play a dual role in HF progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lichý
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Adrián Szobi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jaroslav Hrdlička
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Csaba Horváth
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Kormanová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Rajtík
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Neckář
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Kolář
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Adameová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Hrdlička J, Neckář J, Papoušek F, Husková Z, Kikerlová S, Vaňourková Z, Vernerová Z, Akat F, Vašinová J, Hammock BD, Hwang SH, Imig JD, Falck JR, Červenka L, Kolář F. Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid-Based Therapy Attenuates the Progression of Postischemic Heart Failure in Normotensive Sprague-Dawley but Not in Hypertensive Ren-2 Transgenic Rats. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:159. [PMID: 30881303 PMCID: PMC6406051 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and their analogs have been identified as potent antihypertensive compounds with cardio- and renoprotective actions. Here, we examined the effect of EET-A, an orally active EET analog, and c-AUCB, an inhibitor of the EETs degrading enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase, on the progression of post-myocardial infarction (MI) heart failure (HF) in normotensive Hannover Sprague-Dawley (HanSD) and in heterozygous Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR) with angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. Adult male rats (12 weeks old) were subjected to 60-min left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery occlusion or sham (non-MI) operation. Animals were treated with EET-A and c-AUCB (10 and 1 mg/kg/day, respectively) in drinking water, given alone or combined for 5 weeks starting 24 h after MI induction. Left ventricle (LV) function and geometry were assessed by echocardiography before MI and during the progression of HF. At the end of the study, LV function was determined by catheterization and tissue samples were collected. Ischemic mortality due to the incidence of sustained ventricular fibrillation was significantly higher in TGR than in HanSD rats (35.4 and 17.7%, respectively). MI-induced HF markedly increased LV end-diastolic pressure (Ped) and reduced fractional shortening (FS) and the peak rate of pressure development [+(dP/dt)max] in untreated HanSD compared to sham (non-MI) group [Ped: 30.5 ± 3.3 vs. 9.7 ± 1.3 mmHg; FS: 11.1 ± 1.0 vs. 40.8 ± 0.5%; +(dP/dt)max: 3890 ± 291 vs. 5947 ± 309 mmHg/s]. EET-A and c-AUCB, given alone, tended to improve LV function parameters in HanSD rats. Their combination amplified the cardioprotective effect of single therapy and reached significant differences compared to untreated HanSD controls [Ped: 19.4 ± 2.2 mmHg; FS: 14.9 ± 1.0%; +(dP/dt)max: 5278 ± 255 mmHg/s]. In TGR, MI resulted in the impairment of LV function like HanSD rats. All treatments reduced the increased level of albuminuria in TGR compared to untreated MI group, but neither single nor combined EET-based therapy improved LV function. Our results indicate that EET-based therapy attenuates the progression of post-MI HF in HanSD, but not in TGR, even though they exhibited renoprotective action in TGR hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Hrdlička
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Neckář
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - František Papoušek
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Husková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Soňa Kikerlová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zdenka Vaňourková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zdenka Vernerová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Firat Akat
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jana Vašinová
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - John D Imig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Luděk Červenka
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - František Kolář
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Hrdlička J, Neckář J, Husková Z, Sedláková L, Alánová P, Červenková L, Kikerlová S, Vaňourková Z, Hammock B, Imig J, Falck J, Červenka L, Kolář F. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid-based therapIES attenuate POSTISCHEMIC heart failure progression IN NORMOTENSIVE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY rats but not in ANIMALS with Angiotensine II-dependent hypertension. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Alánová P, Chytilová A, Neckář J, Hrdlička J, Míčová P, Holzerová K, Hlaváčková M, Macháčková K, Papoušek F, Vašinová J, Benák D, Nováková O, Kolář F. Myocardial ischemic tolerance in rats subjected to endurance exercise training during adaptation to chronic hypoxia. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 122:1452-1461. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00671.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia and exercise are natural stimuli that confer sustainable cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, but it is unknown whether they can act in synergy to enhance ischemic resistance. Inflammatory response mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a role in the infarct size limitation by continuous normobaric hypoxia (CNH), whereas exercise is associated with anti-inflammatory effects. This study was conducted to determine if exercise training performed under conditions of CNH (12% O2) affects myocardial ischemic resistance with respect to inflammatory and redox status. Adult male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the following groups: normoxic sedentary, normoxic trained, hypoxic sedentary, and hypoxic trained. ELISA and Western blot analysis, respectively, were used to quantify myocardial cytokines and the expression of TNF-α receptors, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and selected components of related signaling pathways. Infarct size and arrhythmias were assessed in open-chest rats subjected to I/R. CNH increased TNF-α and interleukin-6 levels and the expression of TNF-α type 2 receptor, NF-κB, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cytosolic phospholipase A2α, cyclooxygenase-2, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and catalase. None of these effects occurred in the normoxic trained group, whereas exercise in hypoxia abolished or significantly attenuated CNH-induced responses, except for NF-κB, iNOS, and MnSOD. Both CNH and exercise reduced infarct size, but their combination provided the same degree of protection as CNH alone. In conclusion, exercise training does not amplify the cardioprotection conferred by CNH. High ischemic tolerance of the CNH hearts persists after exercise, possibly by maintaining the increased antioxidant capacity despite attenuating TNF-α-dependent protective signaling. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Chronic hypoxia and regular exercise are natural stimuli that confer sustainable myocardial protection against acute ischemia-reperfusion injury. Signaling mediated by TNF-α via its type 2 receptor plays a role in the cardioprotective mechanism of chronic hypoxia. In the present study, we found that exercise training of rats during adaptation to hypoxia does not amplify the infarct size-limiting effect. Ischemia-resistant phenotype is maintained in the combined hypoxia-exercise setting despite exercise-induced attenuation of TNF-α-dependent protective signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Alánová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; and
| | - Anna Chytilová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; and
| | - Jan Neckář
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; and
| | - Jaroslav Hrdlička
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; and
| | - Petra Míčová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Holzerová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; and
| | - Markéta Hlaváčková
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; and
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Macháčková
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; and
| | - František Papoušek
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; and
| | - Jana Vašinová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; and
| | - Daniel Benák
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; and
| | - Olga Nováková
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; and
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Kolář
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; and
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Hrdlička J, Neckář J, Papoušek F, Vašinová J, Alánová P, Kolář F. Beneficial effect of continuous normobaric hypoxia on ventricular dilatation in rats with post-infarction heart failure. Physiol Res 2016; 65:867-870. [PMID: 27429114 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to continuous normobaric hypoxia (CNH) protects the heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury but much less is known about its potential therapeutic effects. The aim of this study was to find out whether post-infarction exposure to CNH can attenuate the progression of heart failure. Ten-week-old male rats underwent myocardial infarction (MI) or sham operation. MI was induced by 60-min coronary artery occlusion. Seven days post-MI, the rats were randomly assigned to two groups: i) sedentary controls kept at room air and ii) rats exposed to CNH (12 % O(2), 3 weeks). Echocardiographic examination of the left ventricle (LV) was performed 3 days before surgery and 7, 14 and 28 days post-MI. MI resulted in a gradual increase in LV end-diastolic diameter (LVD(d)) compared to sham-operated animals. Fractional shortening (FS) decreased from 42.8 % before MI to 15.1 % on day 28 post-MI. CNH significantly attenuated ventricular dilatation without affecting scar area and FS. Our data suggest that prolonged exposure to CNH has certain potential to attenuate the progression of unfavorable changes in ventricular geometry induced by MI in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hrdlička
- Department of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Hrdlička J, Cervenka P, Přibyl M, Snita D. Zig-zag arrangement of four electrodes for ac electro-osmotic micropumps. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2011; 84:016307. [PMID: 21867304 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.016307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper deals with the mathematical modeling of traveling-wave ac electro-osmotic micropumps with a zig-zag arrangement of microelectrodes. A mathematical model based on the Poisson-Nernst-Planck-Navier-Stokes description is used in this study within the physically relevant ranges of the model parameters. We present an extensive set of parametrical studies concerning the dependence of the net velocity on a variety of parameters. We also demonstrate limits of the validity of the commonly used Capacitor-Resistor-Capacitor model. In order to achieve high net velocities, we found that there are the optimal values of the electrode length, the shift between the top and bottom electrode arrays, and the signal frequency. Performance of the zig-zag micropumps is evaluated by the means of back-pressure loads. The suggested zig-zag design brings two main benefits: (i) it allows an easier construction of four-phase traveling-wave micropumps without the need of spatially complicated electrode connections, and (ii) the zig-zag pumps can provide higher flow rates than those with single-sided coplanar arrangements. Another robust feature of the proposed zig-zag system is that a single flow reversal is observed at the ac frequency approximately six times higher than the reciprocal resistor-capacitor time even in low-amplitude regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hrdlička
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Hrdlička J, Matějka P, Volf R, Volka K, Král V, Try A, Sessler J. Comparison of FT Raman spectra of some 5-nitroquinoxalines and their electropolymers. J Mol Struct 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(01)00453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Janíček G, Pokorný J, Hrdlička J, Pogorzelska E. Einfluß von Sinigrin auf den Verlauf der nichtenzymatischen Bräunung. Eur Food Res Technol 1969. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01458899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pokorný J, Rutkowski A, Hrdlička J, Kozlowska H. Über Rapsschrote March Mitt. Stickstoffhaltige Substanzen der Rapsschrote. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1964. [DOI: 10.1002/food.19640080706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pokorný J, Rutkowski A, Hrdlička J, Kozlowska H. Über Rapsschrote April Mitt. Spektrale Beurteilung der Qualitätsveränderungen bei der industriellen Ölextraktion von Raps. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1964. [DOI: 10.1002/food.19640080707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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