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Mumford SL, Sapra KJ, King RB, Louis JF, Buck Louis GM. Pregnancy intentions-a complex construct and call for new measures. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:1453-1462. [PMID: 27490044 PMCID: PMC5159192 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of unintended pregnancies under relaxed assumptions regarding birth control use compared with a traditional constructed measure. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) Nationally representative sample of U.S. women aged 15-44 years. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Prevalence of intended and unintended pregnancies as estimated by [1] a traditional constructed measure from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), and [2] a constructed measure relaxing assumptions regarding birth control use, reasons for nonuse, and pregnancy timing. RESULT(S) The prevalence of unintended pregnancies was 6% higher using the traditional constructed measure as compared with the approach with relaxed assumptions (NSFG: 44%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 41, 46; new construct 38%, 95% CI, 36, 41). Using the NSFG approach, only 92% of women who stopped birth control to become pregnant and 0 women who were not using contraceptives at the time of the pregnancy and reported that they did not mind getting pregnant were classified as having intended pregnancies, compared with 100% using the new construct. CONCLUSION(S) Current measures of pregnancy intention may overestimate rates of unintended pregnancy, with over 340,000 pregnancies in the United States misclassified as unintended using the current approach, corresponding to an estimated savings of $678 million in public health-care expenditures. Current constructs make assumptions that may not reflect contemporary reproductive practices, so improved measures are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunni L Mumford
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland.
| | - Katherine J Sapra
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Rosalind B King
- Population Dynamics Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Germaine M Buck Louis
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland
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Louis JF, Thoma ME, Sørensen DN, McLain AC, King RB, Sundaram R, Keiding N, Buck Louis GM. The prevalence of couple infertility in the United States from a male perspective: evidence from a nationally representative sample. Andrology 2013; 1:741-8. [PMID: 23843214 PMCID: PMC3752331 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Infertility is a couple-based fecundity impairment, although population level research is largely based upon information reported by female partners. Of the few studies focusing on male partners, most focus on the utilization of infertility services rather than efforts to estimate the prevalence and determinants of infertility as reported by male partners. Data from a nationally representative sample of men aged 15-44 years who participated in the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) were used to estimate the prevalence of infertility and determinants of longer time-to-pregnancy (TTP) using the novel current duration (CD) approach. Using backward recurrence time parametric survival methods, we estimated infertility prevalence (TTP > 12 months) and time ratios (TR) associated with TTP as derived from males' reported CD of their pregnancy attempt. The estimated prevalence of infertility was 12.0% (95% CI: 7.0, 23.2). Longer TTP was associated with older male age (35-45 vs. 17-24 years) (TR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.03, 6.03), biological childlessness (TR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.19) and lack of health insurance (TR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.94) after controlling for the differences in couples' age and other socioeconomic factors. The prevalence of infertility based on male reporting is consistent with estimates of infertility in the US found in prospective cohort studies and CD studies based on female reporting. Our findings suggest that male partners can reliably inform about couple infertility. Interventions and services aimed at reducing couple infertility should include attention to male factors associated with longer TTP identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Fredo Louis
- Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Marie E. Thoma
- Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Alexander C. McLain
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Rosalind B. King
- Population Dynamics Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rajeshwari Sundaram
- Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Niels Keiding
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Germaine M. Buck Louis
- Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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3
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Thoma ME, McLain AC, Louis JF, King RB, Trumble AC, Sundaram R, Buck Louis GM. Prevalence of infertility in the United States as estimated by the current duration approach and a traditional constructed approach. Fertil Steril 2013; 99:1324-1331.e1. [PMID: 23290741 PMCID: PMC3615032 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of infertility using a current duration approach for comparison with a traditional constructed measure. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) A nationally representative sample of females aged 15-44 years. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Infertility prevalence estimated by two approaches: [1] a constructed measure derived from questions on sexual activity, contraception, relationship status, and pregnancy, and [2] a measure based on estimated time to pregnancy derived from the respondents' current duration of pregnancy attempt (i.e., current duration approach). Associations with self-reported descriptive characteristics using weighted logistic regression or parametric survival models for each respective approach. RESULT(S) Infertility prevalence was approximately twofold higher using the current duration approach (15.5%; 95% confidence interval 8.6%-27.5%) vs. the constructed measure (7.0%; 95% confidence interval 6.2%-7.8%). Both methods identified similar patterns of increasing age, lower education, nulliparity, and history of gynecologic disorders as being associated with measures of impaired fecundity, whereas opposing patterns were seen for racial/ethnic identification and poverty status. CONCLUSION(S) Infertility prevalence based on a current duration approach was consistent with other US prospective cohort studies with preconception enrollment. These findings underscore the importance of definition and methodologic approach for estimating the prevalence of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Thoma
- Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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4
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Kohagne TL, M'eyi MP, Mimpfoundi R, Louis JF. Entomological patterns in the human African trypanosomiasis focus of Komo Mondah, Gabon. Afr Health Sci 2010; 10:341-348. [PMID: 21416035 PMCID: PMC3052801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of sleeping sickness is still considerable in the Komo Mondah focus, in spite of case-detection strategy. A combined strategy that associated both mass screening and vector control is effective for the control of the disease. In the perspective of a targeted vector control in main transmission sites, we have carried out an entomological survey in the epicentre of the focus. OBJECTIVES To determine tsetse flies distribution, human-fly contact point and eventually risk factors for acquisition of the disease. METHODS "Vavoua" traps were set for Glossina in four biotopes selected after an interview of HAT patients concerning their working places. Tsetse were captured and dissected. DNA from organs was analysed by PCR for trypanosome infections. The origin of blood meals was determined by ELISA. RESULTS The focus is infested by three species of Glossina: G. palpalis palpalis (1149: 91.85%) found in all biotopes; G. fuscipes fuscipes (85: 6.79%) and G. caliginea (17: 1.36%) found in water spots and landing stages. They are infected by three subgenera of trypanosomes and only G. palpalis palpalis is infected by human trypanosomes. G. fuscipes fuscipes is infected by T. brucei sl and G. caliginea is not infected. Flies are absent at the periphery of houses except in one village. Only 29.20% of blood meals were from humans. Landing stages built in swamp mangrove are presenting the higher index of epidemiological risk and populations are exposed to the disease when they go to the area for taking their fishing boats. CONCLUSION Swamp mangrove would be targeted in priority during a vector control campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Kohagne
- Programme sous régional de lutte contre la trypanosomiase humaine africaine, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Pun BK, Louis JF, Pai P, Seigneur C, Altshuler S, Franco G. Ozone formation in California's San Joaquin Valley: a critical assessment of modeling and data needs. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2000; 50:961-971. [PMID: 10902390 DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2000.10464140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Data from the 1990 San Joaquin Valley Air Quality Study/Atmospheric Utility Signatures, Predictions, and Experiments (SJVAQS/AUSPEX) field program in California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV) suggest that both urban and rural areas would have difficulty meeting an 8-hr average O3 standard of 80 ppb. A conceptual model of O3 formation and accumulation in the SJV is formulated based on the chemical, meteorological, and tracer data from SJVAQS/AUSPEX. Two major phenomena appear to lead to high O3 concentrations in the SJV: (1) transport of O3 and precursors from upwind areas (primarily the San Francisco Bay Area, but also the Sacramento Valley) into the SJV, affecting the northern part of the valley, and (2) emissions of precursors, mixing, transport (including long-range transport), and atmospheric reactions within the SJV responsible for regional and urban-scale (e.g., down-wind of Fresno and Bakersfield) distributions of O3. Using this conceptual model, we then conduct a critical evaluation of the meteorological model and air quality model. Areas of model improvements and data needed to understand and properly simulate O3 formation in the SJV are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Pun
- Air Quality Division, Atmospheric & Environmental Research, Inc. (AERI), San Ramon, CA 94583, USA.
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6
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Seigneur C, Pun B, Pai P, Louis JF, Solomon P, Emery C, Morris R, Zahniser M, Worsnop D, Koutrakis P, White W, Tombach I. Guidance for the performance evaluation of three-dimensional air quality modeling systems for particulate matter and visibility. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2000; 50:588-599. [PMID: 10786011 DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2000.10464036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Guidance for the performance evaluation of three-dimensional air quality modeling systems for particulate matter and visibility is presented. Four levels are considered: operational, diagnostic, mechanistic, and probabilistic evaluations. First, a comprehensive model evaluation should be conducted in at least two distinct geographical locations and for several meteorological episodes. Next, streamlined evaluations can be conducted for other similar applications if the comprehensive evaluation is deemed satisfactory. In all cases, the operational evaluation alone is insufficient, and some diagnostic evaluation must always be carried out. Recommendations are provided for designing field measurement programs that can provide the data needed for such model performance evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Seigneur
- Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., San Ramon, California, USA
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7
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Mottet N, Anidjar M, Bourdon O, Louis JF, Teillac P, Costa P, Le Duc A. Randomized comparison of transurethral electroresection and holmium: YAG laser vaporization for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Endourol 1999; 13:127-30. [PMID: 10213108 DOI: 10.1089/end.1999.13.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of holmium:YAG laser vaporization v transurethral electroresection (TURP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-six patients were randomized. Two laser procedures (60 to 80 W) were performed for one TURP. Symptom Score, peak flow rate, potency, and ejaculation status were measured at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS The mean operative time was 75 minutes for laser and 56 minutes for TURP (P = 0.0407). With a mean laser energy delivered of 103.6 kJ, hemostasis was satisfactory during vaporization. The mean catheterization time was 1.7 and 2.1 days in the laser and TURP group, respectively. For the laser and TURP groups, the mean AUA Score improved from 20 preoperatively to 7 and from 24.1 to 5, respectively, at 12 months. The mean peak flow increased from 8.4 to 19.5 mL/sec and from 7.6 to 16.8 ml/sec, respectively, at 12 months. These results are not statistically different. No significant initial dysuria occurred. No significant difference between the groups appeared in potency or ejaculatory status during the follow-up. One patient in the laser group (Day 5) and two in the TURP group (2nd and 6th month) had to undergo a second procedure to relieve obstruction. CONCLUSION Although taking slightly longer to accomplish, holmium:YAG laser vaporization of BPH provides early results very similar to those of TURP with a shorter catheterization time and no initial dysuria or pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mottet
- Department of Urology, Gaston Doumergue Hospital, Nimes, France
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8
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Avances C, Mottet N, Chapuis H, Dagues F, Ben Naoum K, Louis JF, Costa P, Marty-Double C, Navratil H. [Neuroendocrine tumor of the bladder apropos of a case. Review of the literature]. Prog Urol 1997; 7:85-7. [PMID: 9116745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine bladder tumours are exceptional, and the positive diagnosis is only established when they are already large and advanced. We report an original case in view of its small dimensions. We discuss the differential diagnosis (mainly bladder metastases from lung cancer) and pathological specificities, particularly the value of epithelial immunolabelling allowing exclusion of lymphoma. Because of the similarities with bronchial neuroendocrine tumours, the potential value of serum NSE assay should be emphasized. Combined surgery-cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Avances
- Service d'Urologie Andrologie, Hôpital Gaston Doumergue, Nîmes, France
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9
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Mottet N, Lehmann M, Cicorelli S, Dagues F, Louis JF, Costa P, Daures JP, Navratil H. Transrectal ultrasonography in prostatic cancer: interexaminer variability of interpretation. Eur Urol 1997; 32:150-4. [PMID: 9286644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the variability of transrectal ultrasonographic (TRUS) interpretation for the decision of performing biopsies and the lesions to biopsy. METHODS We extracted at random from our videotape database 16 records of patients who had undergone biopsies, added 2 normal glands and duplicated 2 of these 18 records. Based on the records, 5 well-trained physicians had to describe the images on the tape, and to decide whether or not to biopsy the prostate. A kappa test was computed between each couple of readers, and for the whole group. The kappa test denotes the agreement between examiners. A value of kappa < 0.20 is considered poor to slight agreement, 0.2-0.40 is considered fair agreement. RESULTS The agreement between the 5 readers was poor for the biopsy decision (kappa < 0.2) and the difficulty to read the records (kappa = 0.05). The results with the global kappa were similar with a highest value < 0.3. Most of the abnormalities were described in the peripheral zone. The global kappa for the seminal vesicles interpretation is poor, but better for the capsular penetration. CONCLUSION TRUS has a poor informative value between different practitioners. This poor agreement between different practitioners must lead to more objective ultrasonographic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mottet
- Department of Medical Information, University of Montpellier, Nîmes, France
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10
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Lanfrey P, Mottet N, Dagues F, Bennaoum K, Costa P, Louis JF, Navratil H. [Hot flashes and hormonal treatment of prostate cancer]. Prog Urol 1996; 6:17-22. [PMID: 8624523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Androgen suppression in the context of the treatment of prostatic cancer is responsible for hot flashes in 75% of patients, which alter the quality of life to varying degrees depending on the patient. They constitute a source of major discomfort in 30 to 40% of patients. The pathophysiology of this effect is now known and involves: sex steroids, central opiates and intrahypothalamic catecholamines. The incidence of hot flashes appears to vary according to the type of hormonal treatment administered. The various treatments available are not equally effective. Non-hormonal treatments are of little value. Hormonal treatments: oestrogens and steroidal antiandrogens are the most effective. Progestogens also appear to be just as effective or even more effective than these other agents, with negligible adverse effects at the doses used in this indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lanfrey
- Service Urologie-Andrologie, Hôpital Gaston-Doumergue, CHU Nîmes
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11
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Navratil H, Costa P, Louis JF, Andro MC, Saur P. [Effectiveness of and tolerance to intracavernous injection of moxisylyte in patients with erectile dysfunction: effect/dose relationship versus placebo]. Prog Urol 1995; 5:690-6. [PMID: 8580980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The authors investigated the optima dose (efficacy and safety) of moxisylyte, an alpha-blocking agent, in a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study in 30 patients. The origin of the erectile dysfunction was predominantly psychological in 14 patients and neurological in 16 patients. Each patient received 4 intracavernous injections in a randomized order (placebo, 10, 20, 30 mg of moxisylyte) at 7-day intervals. Regardless of the dose, moxisylyte induced significantly greater penile responses than placebo on all erection criteria. The frequency of responses allowing sexual intercourse appeared to be dose-dependent in the two aetiological groups. The erectile responses most frequently obtained were complete rigidity in the "neurological" group and tumescence in the "psychological" group. The safety was excellent for 95.6% of injections and no case of priapism was observed. One patient (neurological patient) experienced two prolonged erections after the dose of 20 mg and another patient (psychological patient) reported 2 headaches after the dose of 30 mg. No pain was experienced on injection. Moxisylyte is very well tolerated and is able to induce an erectile response from the dose of 10 mg. This dose appears to be sufficient in patients with central neurological erectile dysfunction; a dose of 20 mg tends to improve the quality of response in patients with a predominantly psychological disorder, although the differences observed between the doses were not statistically significant in this number limited of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Navratil
- Centre Hospitalier Régional, Centre Gaston Doumergue, Nîmes
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12
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Mottet Auselo N, Bons-Rosset F, Pellae-Cosset B, Costa P, Schwartz Y, Louis JF, Navratil H. [Carboplatin and urothelial tumors: review of the literature]. Bull Cancer 1995; 82:181-8. [PMID: 7655145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Polychemotherapy appears to increase survival moderately but at a cost of severe toxicity, mainly due to cisplatin. New platinum salts (chiefly carboplatin) have therefore been developed. This review on the use of carboplatin in advanced-stage urothelial tumours was undertaken to find the actual place of carboplatin in the treatment of these tumours, and to describe its best use in polychemotherapy. In 322 patients, carboplatin alone gave 12.9% objective responses (OR), 2.5% complete responses (CR) and 10.4% partial response (PR). Many polychemotherapy protocols were used, most frequently carboplatin/methotrexate/vinblastin. The results were OR: 63%, CR: 19%, PR: 44% among 146 patients. These results confirm the relative efficiency of carboplatin on urothelial tumours, particularly when used in combination. Because of the lack of prospective studies and the wide disparity in the doses and in the dose adjustment, no comparison can be made with cisplatin. Carboplatin has virtually no renal toxicity at the usual doses, and does not require hyperhydratation. The pharmacokinetic behaviour of the two platinum salts is highly different, as carboplatin does not undergo tubular metabolism. The efficiency and tolerance of carboplatin used to be optimised by adapting the dose to the glomerular filtration rate, as was shown for germ cell tumours. In conclusion, these considerations fully warrant further clinical trials of carboplatin.
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13
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Mottet N, Costa P, Le Pellec L, Louis JF, Navratil H. [Cancer of the prostate. 2. Physiology and cellular development]. Prog Urol 1995; 5:39-47. [PMID: 7719357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Prostatic cancer is the second most frequent cancer in men in industrialised countries. The histological analysis of its initial development demonstrates the existence of precancerous lesions, PIN. The initial presence of several different cell populations accounts for the development of contingents of hormone-sensitive and hormone-resistant cells. The presence of numerous neuroendocrine cells appears to be a factor of poor prognosis. Hormones are intimately involved in the development of prostatic cancer and are an integral part of its treatment. Progress in molecular biology has furthered out knowledge of this disease. In particular, growth factors such as EGF and FGF are particularly involved and are starting to have a clinical application. The oncogene and anti-oncogene system is currently being explored (particularly p53 abd BCL 2). They are the basis for carcinogenesis and analysis of these factors will allow a better approach to the mechanisms of tumour induction and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mottet
- Service d'Urologie Andrologie, CHU de Nîmes
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14
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Mottet Auselo N, Costa P, Le Pellec L, Louis JF, Navratil H. [Cancer of the prostate. 1. Epidemiology]. Prog Urol 1995; 5:31-7. [PMID: 7536526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Prostatic cancer is the second most frequent cancer in men in France. It is a serious disease with a relative 5-year survival of 42%. Although the incidence of latent forms appears to be constant throughout the world, the incidence of clinical forms varies from country to country and according to race. These aspects are in favour of a dual mechanism of prostatic carcinogenesis: initiation of a cellular modification, which may be transmitted genetically according to an autosomal dominant mode, but whose expression may be influenced by the environment, and successive steps of transformation (epigenetic factors) which are essentially environment-dependent. The main identified risk factors essentially consist of a direct family history, age and a diet rich in animal fats. In contrast, neither the presence of benign prostatic hypertrophy, nor the characteristics of the sex life or a history of vasectomy appear to influence the incidence of prostatic cancer. The main epidemiological data currently available are presented.
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15
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Mottet N, Dagues F, Pignodel C, Le Pellec L, el Sandid M, Ben Nahoum K, Costa P, Louis JF, Marty-Double C, Navratil H. [Renal nephrogenic nephroma: an little known exceptional tumor. Apropos of a case disclosed by xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]. Prog Urol 1994; 4:251-5. [PMID: 8199633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The authors report a new case of an exceptional benign renal tumour: nephronogenic nephroma, composed of differentiation of the blastema into primitive nephronic formations. It raises the problem of differential diagnosis with adult Wilms' tumour and renal blastematosis. In this patient, it was associated with segmental xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, presenting in the form of psoïtis and an abscess of the thigh. Total nephrectomy was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mottet
- Service d'Urologie Andrologie, Université Montpellier Nîmes
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16
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Mottet-Auselo N, Marsollier C, Chapuis H, Costa P, el Sandid M, Louis JF, Marty-Double C, Navratil H. Postoperative pseudosarcomatous nodule: report of one case and review of the literature. Eur Urol 1994; 25:262-4. [PMID: 8200412 DOI: 10.1159/000475295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of a large postoperative pseudosarcomatous bladder tumour and review the literature for this exceptional benign tumour. Several lesions, especially leiomyosarcoma, must be discussed. Immunohistochemical studies are helpful. The evolution is always benign, even with an incomplete tumour ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mottet-Auselo
- Hospital G.-Doumergue, University of Montpellier, Nîmes, France
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Louis JP, Migliani R, Trebucq A, Tchupo JP, Kwa Mbette R, Ayissi C, Abong T, Maubert B, Louis JF, Smith J. [Management of sexually transmissible diseases in an urban environment in Cameroon in 1992]. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop 1993; 73:267-78. [PMID: 8129471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
During the progress, in 1989, of a programme of social marketing of condoms in Cameroon, it was obvious that this approach should be supplemented by a similar programme for the management of STD's. Nine surveys were carried out in 1992 in Yaounde and Douala in the sexually most active male population (in the general community, at the workplace and in the leisure environment) in order to collect the basic data necessary for its implementation. Treatment essentially consists of mono-chemotherapy with drugs which are generally inefficient against the two principal etiologies of urethritis: Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. The cost of treatment is considered excessive and leads to poor follow-up of the complete prescription. Simultaneous treatment of partners should be developed. All these data have been taken into account for the elaboration of a pilot programme which should be implemented in 1993.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Louis
- Mission Française de Coopération et d'Action Culturelle, Brazzaville, Congo
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18
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Abstract
The prognosis of advanced-stage bladder cancer is poor. Chemotherapy, particularly regimens including platinum salts, appears to increase survival moderately but at the cost of severe, mainly renal toxicity. Platinum is a major factor in this toxicity, and new platinum salts (chiefly carboplatin) have therefore been developed. Carboplatin has no renal toxicity at usual doses, and its use does not require concomitant hyperhydration. Its gastrointestinal, otologic, and general tolerability is excellent. In contrast, most patients develop thrombocytopenia, which can be important, but which is always transitory. The platelet count reaches its nadir (grade 2 or 3) at around day 20, and the leukocyte nadir (grade 2 or 3) occurs about day 19. Anemia is rare. The literature on the use of carboplatin for the treatment of advanced-stage urothelial tumors is reviewed. Carboplatin is used at doses varying between 200 and 400 mg/m2, administered in 28-day courses. Dose adjustment is based on serum creatinine level, creatinine clearance, nadir blood cell levels, or previous treatment, reflecting the wide disparity between different studies. Used alone, carboplatin achieved objective responses (ORs) in 14% of patients (3% complete responses, CRs, and 11% partial responses, PRs) in a total group of 327 patients included in 13 trials. In polychemotherapy various combinations of carboplatin with other agents have been reported, most frequently carboplatin/methotrexate/vinblastine; the OR rate was 63% (CR rate 19% and PR rate 44%) among 88 patients in four studies. These results confirm the relative efficacy of carboplatin in the treatment of advanced-stage urothelial tumors, particularly when it is combined with other agents. Its efficacy is similar to that of cisplatin, but it is far less toxic. A prospective, comparative trial will be necessary to confirm these data. The pharmacokinetic behaviors of the two platinum salts are markedly different, as carboplatin does not undergo tubular metabolism. The efficacy of carboplatin could be optimized by adapting the dosage to the glomerular filtration rate, which is a more accurate method than extrapolation from the serum creatinine or creatinine clearance values. This has been shown in the case of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. Calculation of the optimum carboplatin dose should now be applied to urothelial tumors. The general and renal tolerability of a platinum salt is an important element of choice when the efficacies are equivalent. These considerations fully warrant further clinical trials of carboplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mottet-Auselo
- Service d'Urologie Andrologie, CHU Gaston-Doumergue, Nîmes, France
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19
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Costa P, Sarrazin B, Bressolle F, Mottet N, Louis JF, Saudubray F, Navratil H. Is the volume injected a parameter likely to influence the erectile response observed after intracavernous administration of an alpha-blocking agent? Eur Urol 1993; 24:43-7. [PMID: 8365438 DOI: 10.1159/000474260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In 12 impotent patients with spinal cord injury, we assessed the erectile response induced by intracavernous administration of 20 mg moxisylyte dissolved in 4 different volumes of solvent. We tested successively in each patient 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 ml and the volume usually injected of 2 ml, with a 7-day interval between 2 injections. The reduction in the volume from 2 to 0.4 ml did not thwart the quality of erection obtained by the intracorporeal administration of 20 mg moxisylyte. Indeed, for each erectile parameter (rigidity, abdominopenile angle, length and circumference of the penis), no statistically significant difference arose between the 4 tests. All patients achieved full rigidity. Neither priapism nor prolonged erection occurred. These results suggest that discreet and easily handled small-sized injection pens, containing little solution, could be conceived for autoinjection therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Costa
- Service d'Urologie-Andrologie, CHRU Nîmes, France
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20
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Godlewski G, Rouanet JP, Mares P, Maubon A, Louis JF, Delbos O. [Pelvic endometriosis of urinary and digestive sites. Apropos of 7 cases]. J Radiol 1992; 73:455-60. [PMID: 1474522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Seven cases of pelvic endometriosis of the urinary or digestive tracts are reported: 4 cases of vesical endometriosis, 1 case of ureteral involvement, 1 rectal case and 1 sigmoid location. The authors point out the difficulty of the clinical preoperative diagnosis--in despite of cyclic troubles--and underline the interest of complementary explorations performed at the time of periods: ultrasound, cystoscopy, rectosigmoidoscopy and coelioscopy. The MR imaging, showing high intensity a T1-weighted images and prominent high intensity on T2-weighted images, is very suggestive of an endometrial lesions. A joint medical and surgical treatment is required. Endoscopic excision, endoprosthetic tube, excision-suture, resection-anastomosis and a complementary medical treatment using Danazol. Decapeptyl or progestational agents have to be proposed. Per-operative microscopy is advised as routine procedure in order to avoid excessive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Godlewski
- Département de Chirurgie Digestive, CHRU de Nîmes, Hôpital Caremeau
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21
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Costa P, Mottet N, Louis JF, Navratil H. [Therapeutic indications and complementary explorations in benign prostatic hypertrophy: significance of simultaneous recordings]. Prog Urol 1992; 2:506-16. [PMID: 1284552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dysuria due to obstruction by benign prostatic hypertrophy causes an increase in the bladder work and constitutes the origin of alterations in the bladder wall. Although initially reversible, the progression towards fibrosis makes recovery increasingly incomplete the longer the treatment is delayed. The detection and evaluation of increased bladder work in the presence of early obstruction allows treatment to be instituted early in the natural history of the disease. Although clinical examination may be suggestive of bladder neck obstruction, it is neither characteristic of the bladder repercussions nor sufficient to define a population at risk. Similarly, voiding urethrography, uroflowmetry or cystomanometry, taken separately, are unable to assess bladder work early in the disease. However, bladder work can be studied by recording the voiding intravesical pressure (measured by a suprapubic catheter) in relation to the urine flow (measured by uroflowmetry). By studying the variations in voiding pressure in relation to initiation of micturition, a parameter can be defined which is useful for the therapeutic indication: the PVOP (pre-voiding opening pressure of the bladder neck), which is able to distinguish 2 mechanisms of obstruction: "compression" characterised by a raised PVOP, as in the case of benign prostatic hypertrophy, and "stenosis", with an unchanged PVOP, as in the case of urethral stricture. Re-evaluation after prostatectomy shows a return to normal of the PVOP. The difficulty of routinely inserting a suprapubic catheter has led to the development of indirect approaches, particularly voiding hydrodynamic morphological or transrectal ultrasonographic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Costa
- Service d'Urologie-Andrologie, Universitaire de Nîmes
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22
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Mottet N, Louis JF, Costa P, Navratil H. [Postoperative rectoprostatic fistulas. Report of 2 cases. Review of the literature]. Prog Urol 1992; 2:442-9. [PMID: 1302084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The authors report two cases of acquired prostatorectal fistulae after TURP, which were treated by a Kraske approach. They review the literature of iatrogenic fistulae and all of the techniques of approaching the prostatorectal region. If the bladder drainage is always necessary and may be sufficient in as much as 34% of the patients, the need for a colostomy and the choice of the approach is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mottet
- Service d'Urologie Andrologie, CHR Gaston Doumergue, Université Montpellier Nîmes
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23
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Bondil P, Costa P, Daures JP, Louis JF, Navratil H. Clinical study of the longitudinal deformation of the flaccid penis and of its variations with aging. Eur Urol 1992; 21:284-6. [PMID: 1459150 DOI: 10.1159/000474858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The length changes of the flaccid penis provoked by a maximum manual stretching of the glans have been measured in 905 men in order to study its biomechanical qualities. Our study shows that the flaccid penis is deformable, extensible and elastic in its longitudinal axis. The analysis of the variations of these biomechanical properties with aging shows a significant decrease. Thus, the biomechanical behavior of the flaccid penis during stretching is highly different in young men and old men. This distortion difference according to age proves the physiological importance of the penile distortion since impotence significantly increases with age. As the vascular mechanisms may be disregarded during flaccidity, these penile physical features of the flaccid penis are only due to tissue mechanisms. Consequently, any distortion loss would reflect a tissue impairment, very likely a progressive senile fibrosis of cavernous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bondil
- Department of Urology, General Hospital, Chambéry, France
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24
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Mottet N, Costa P, Louis JF, Navratil H. [Urodynamic micturition ultrasonography in men]. Prog Urol 1991; 1:1075-82. [PMID: 1844743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Mottet
- Service d'Urologie andrologie, C.H.R.U., Nîmes
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25
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Godlewski G, Rouanet JP, Mares P, Maubon A, Louis JF, Delbos O. [Pelvic endometriosis with urinary and digestive involvement. Apropos of 7 cases]. J Chir (Paris) 1991; 128:409-14. [PMID: 1761589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Seven cases of pelvic endometriosis of the urinary or digestive tracts are reported: 4 cases of vesical endometriosis, 1 case of ureteral involvement, 1 rectal case and 1 sigmoid location. The authors point out the difficulty of the clinical preoperative diagnosis--in despite of cyclic troubles--and underline the interest of complementary explorations performed at the time of periods: ultrasound, cystoscopy, rectosigmoïdoscopy and coelioscopy. The MR imaging, showing high intensity a T1-weighted images and prominent high intensity on T2-weighted images, is very suggestive of an endometrial lesions. A joint medical and surgical treatment is required. Endoscopic excision, endoprothetic tube, excision-suture, resection-anastomosis and a complementary medical treatment using Danazol, Decapeptyl or progestational agents have to be proposed. Per-operative microscopy is advised as routine procedure in order to avoid excessive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Godlewski
- Département de Chirurgie Digestive, C.H.R.U. de Nîmes, Hôpital Caremeau
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26
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Kuhn JM, Billebaud T, Navratil H, Moulonguet A, Fiet J, Grise P, Louis JF, Costa P, Husson JM, Dahan R. Prevention of the transient adverse effects of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (buserelin) in metastatic prostatic carcinoma by administration of an antiandrogen (nilutamide). N Engl J Med 1989; 321:413-8. [PMID: 2503723 DOI: 10.1056/nejm198908173210701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues administered for the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer induce a transient increase in plasma testosterone levels during the first week of treatment, often with a secondary rise in plasma levels of prostatic acid phosphatase and a flareup of disease. To determine whether the antiandrogen nilutamide (Anandron) blocks these effects, we carried out a multicenter, placebo-controlled study of nilutamide in men with prostatic cancer treated with the GnRH analogue buserelin. Thirty-six men with disseminated prostatic cancer and elevated plasma levels of prostatic acid phosphatase were randomly assigned to two groups. Group 1 included 17 men who received buserelin (500 micrograms daily subcutaneously) and nilutamide (300 mg daily by mouth); group 2 included 19 men treated with buserelin and placebo. Symptoms were assessed, and plasma was collected before treatment, daily for 14 days, and on days 18, 22, and 29 after the initiation of treatment. Bone pain appeared or worsened in 5 of the 17 men in group 1 and in 12 of the 19 men in group 2 (P less than 0.05). Acute urinary obstruction occurred in one man in group 2. Despite similar changes in the plasma testosterone levels in both groups, the median concentration of plasma prostatic acid phosphatase decreased almost immediately in group 1, but increased transiently, then decreased on day 14 in group 2. Median levels of prostate-specific antigen decreased immediately in group 1 and decreased on day 8 in group 2. We conclude that nilutamide can prevent the adverse consequences of the buserelin-induced transient rise in plasma testosterone levels in men with advanced prostate cancer treated with a GnRH analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Kuhn
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Régional, Rouen, France
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27
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Bosc E, Espana P, Navratil H, Marty-Double C, Louis JF. [Malignant pheochromocytoma. Apropos of a case report]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 1986; 35:233-6. [PMID: 3740778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pheochromocytoma was diagnosed in a male of 38 on the basis of severe and progressive hypertension associated with marked increases in urinary catecholamines and vanilmandelic acid. Left extra-adrenal topography was examined by tomography and confirmed by surgical treatment involving exeresis of the primary tumor and the metastatic latero-aortic lymph nodes, thus corroborating the diagnosis of malignancy. Complementary post-operative radiotherapy was performed on the abdomen. Eighty months later the patient is making good progress.
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29
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Estorc J, Assaf N, Romieu M, Louis JF, Lopez F, D'Athis F. [Value of emergency intravenous urography in closed injuries of the abdomen]. Nouv Presse Med 1982; 11:3726-7. [PMID: 7170175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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30
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Louis JF, Navratil H, Grasset D. [Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis apropos of 13 cases]. J Urol Nephrol (Paris) 1979; 85:76-82. [PMID: 439201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Louis JF, David E, Lopex FM, Navratil H. [Aneurysm of the abdominal aorta opening into the inferior vena cava. Apropos of a case revealed by anuria]. J Urol Nephrol (Paris) 1978; 84:276-80. [PMID: 642068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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32
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Louis JF, Navratil H. [Bull's horn injury of the bladder]. J Urol Nephrol (Paris) 1977; 83:874-6. [PMID: 563929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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33
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Navratil H, Louis JF. [Some thoughts on renal ptosis]. J Urol Nephrol (Paris) 1977; 83:876-80. [PMID: 599627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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34
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Grasset D, Navratil H, Louis JF, Averous M, Bordat JP, Guiter J. [Recurrences after conservative surgery of kidney calculi. Review of 600 operations (1955-1973)]. J Urol Nephrol (Paris) 1977; 83:647-9. [PMID: 916017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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35
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Averous M, Louis JF, Navratil H, Grasset D. [Fibroma of the bladder. Apropos of 1 case]. J Urol Nephrol (Paris) 1977; 83:448-53. [PMID: 915993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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36
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Louis JF, Navas P, Navratil H, Grasset D. [Trauma of the sub-renal pelvic ureter. Segmental replacement of the ureter using a "suspended" ileal graft]. J Urol Nephrol (Paris) 1977; 83:263-7. [PMID: 853563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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37
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Louis JF, Grasset D, Navratil H. [Transperitoneo-vesical approach in the treatment of vesico-genital fistulas. Apropos of 18 cases]. J Urol Nephrol (Paris) 1976; 82:669-74. [PMID: 1003617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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38
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Grasset D, Navratil H, Louis JF. [Transintestinal cutaneous ureterostomy after total cystectomy. Apropos of 95 cases]. J Urol Nephrol (Paris) 1973; 79:77-80. [PMID: 4737480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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39
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Negre E, Mary H, Louis JF. [Long-term results of pericardectomies for constrictive pericarditis performed with left thoracotomy]. Ann Chir Thorac Cardiovasc 1972; 11:163-4. [PMID: 5036847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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