1
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Vulpetti A, Rondeau JM, Bellance MH, Blank J, Boesch R, Boettcher A, Bornancin F, Buhr S, Connor LE, Dumelin CE, Esser O, Hediger M, Hintermann S, Hommel U, Koch E, Lapointe G, Leder L, Lehmann S, Lehr P, Meier P, Muller L, Ostermeier D, Ramage P, Schiebel-Haddad S, Smith AB, Stojanovic A, Velcicky J, Yamamoto R, Hurth K. Ligandability Assessment of IL-1β by Integrated Hit Identification Approaches. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38728572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Human interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a critical role in the regulation of the immune response and the development of various inflammatory diseases. In this publication, we disclose our efforts toward the discovery of IL-1β binders that interfere with IL-1β signaling. To this end, several technologies were used in parallel, including fragment-based screening (FBS), DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology, peptide discovery platform (PDP), and virtual screening. The utilization of distinct technologies resulted in the identification of new chemical entities exploiting three different sites on IL-1β, all of them also inhibiting the interaction with the IL-1R1 receptor. Moreover, we identified lysine 103 of IL-1β as a target residue suitable for the development of covalent, low-molecular-weight IL-1β antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vulpetti
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jutta Blank
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Boesch
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Sylvia Buhr
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Oliver Esser
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Ulrich Hommel
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elke Koch
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lukas Leder
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Lehmann
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Lehr
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Meier
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Muller
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Paul Ramage
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Juraj Velcicky
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rina Yamamoto
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Fischman S, Levin I, Rondeau JM, Štrajbl M, Lehmann S, Huber T, Nimrod G, Cebe R, Omer D, Kovarik J, Bernstein S, Sasson Y, Demishtein A, Shlamkovich T, Bluvshtein O, Grossman N, Barak-Fuchs R, Zhenin M, Fastman Y, Twito S, Vana T, Zur N, Ofran Y. "Redirecting an anti-IL-1β antibody to bind a new, unrelated and computationally predicted epitope on hIL-17A". Commun Biol 2023; 6:997. [PMID: 37773269 PMCID: PMC10542344 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody engineering technology is at the forefront of therapeutic antibody development. The primary goal for engineering a therapeutic antibody is the generation of an antibody with a desired specificity, affinity, function, and developability profile. Mature antibodies are considered antigen specific, which may preclude their use as a starting point for antibody engineering. Here, we explore the plasticity of mature antibodies by engineering novel specificity and function to a pre-selected antibody template. Using a small, focused library, we engineered AAL160, an anti-IL-1β antibody, to bind the unrelated antigen IL-17A, with the introduction of seven mutations. The final redesigned antibody, 11.003, retains favorable biophysical properties, binds IL-17A with sub-nanomolar affinity, inhibits IL-17A binding to its cognate receptor and is functional in a cell-based assay. The epitope of the engineered antibody can be computationally predicted based on the sequence of the template antibody, as is confirmed by the crystal structure of the 11.003/IL-17A complex. The structures of the 11.003/IL-17A and the AAL160/IL-1β complexes highlight the contribution of germline residues to the paratopes of both the template and re-designed antibody. This case study suggests that the inherent plasticity of antibodies allows for re-engineering of mature antibodies to new targets, while maintaining desirable developability profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Itay Levin
- Biolojic Design LTD, Rehovot, Israel
- Enzymit LTD, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | | | | | - Sylvie Lehmann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Huber
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- Ridgelinediscovery, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Régis Cebe
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dotan Omer
- Biolojic Design LTD, Rehovot, Israel
- EmendoBio Inc., Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jiri Kovarik
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Alik Demishtein
- Biolojic Design LTD, Rehovot, Israel
- Anima Biotech, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Olga Bluvshtein
- Biolojic Design LTD, Rehovot, Israel
- Enzymit LTD, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Shir Twito
- Biolojic Design LTD, Rehovot, Israel
- Enzymit LTD, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Tal Vana
- Biolojic Design LTD, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nevet Zur
- Biolojic Design LTD, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yanay Ofran
- Biolojic Design LTD, Rehovot, Israel
- The Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Nanotechnology Building, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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3
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Hommel U, Hurth K, Rondeau JM, Vulpetti A, Ostermeier D, Boettcher A, Brady JP, Hediger M, Lehmann S, Koch E, Blechschmidt A, Yamamoto R, Tundo Dottorello V, Haenni-Holzinger S, Kaiser C, Lehr P, Lingel A, Mureddu L, Schleberger C, Blank J, Ramage P, Freuler F, Eder J, Bornancin F. Discovery of a selective and biologically active low-molecular weight antagonist of human interleukin-1β. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5497. [PMID: 37679328 PMCID: PMC10484922 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human interleukin-1β (hIL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in many diseases. While hIL-1β directed antibodies have shown clinical benefit, an orally available low-molecular weight antagonist is still elusive, limiting the applications of hIL-1β-directed therapies. Here we describe the discovery of a low-molecular weight hIL-1β antagonist that blocks the interaction with the IL-1R1 receptor. Starting from a low affinity fragment-based screening hit 1, structure-based optimization resulted in a compound (S)-2 that binds and antagonizes hIL-1β with single-digit micromolar activity in biophysical, biochemical, and cellular assays. X-ray analysis reveals an allosteric mode of action that involves a hitherto unknown binding site in hIL-1β encompassing two loops involved in hIL-1R1/hIL-1β interactions. We show that residues of this binding site are part of a conformationally excited state of the mature cytokine. The compound antagonizes hIL-1β function in cells, including primary human fibroblasts, demonstrating the relevance of this discovery for future development of hIL-1β directed therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Hommel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Konstanze Hurth
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jean-Michel Rondeau
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Vulpetti
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Ostermeier
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Boettcher
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jacob Peter Brady
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael Hediger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Lehmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elke Koch
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anke Blechschmidt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rina Yamamoto
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Christian Kaiser
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Lehr
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Lingel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Mureddu
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Christian Schleberger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jutta Blank
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Ramage
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felix Freuler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Eder
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Bornancin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.
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4
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Goepfert A, Barske C, Lehmann S, Wirth E, Willemsen J, Gudjonsson JE, Ward NL, Sarkar MK, Hemmig R, Kolbinger F, Rondeau JM. IL-17-induced dimerization of IL-17RA drives the formation of the IL-17 signalosome to potentiate signaling. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111489. [PMID: 36260993 PMCID: PMC9637376 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling through innate immune receptors such as the Toll-like receptor (TLR)/interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) superfamily proceeds via the assembly of large membrane-proximal complexes or “signalosomes.” Although structurally distinct, the IL-17 receptor family triggers cellular responses that are typical of innate immune receptors. The IL-17RA receptor subunit is shared by several members of the IL-17 family. Using a combination of crystallographic, biophysical, and mutational studies, we show that IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-17A/F induce IL-17RA dimerization. X-ray analysis of the heteromeric IL-17A complex with the extracellular domains of the IL-17RA and IL-17RC receptors reveals that cytokine-induced IL-17RA dimerization leads to the formation of a 2:2:2 hexameric signaling assembly. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the formation of the IL-17 signalosome potentiates IL-17-induced IL-36γ and CXCL1 mRNA expression in human keratinocytes, compared with a dimerization-defective IL-17RA variant. IL-17RA is the shared co-receptor for several IL-17 family members. Goepfert et al. show that IL-17 induces IL-17RA dimerization, which then drives the formation of a 2:2:2 hexameric signaling assembly with IL-17RC. Furthermore, IL-17RA dimerization potentiates IL-17 signaling in immortalized primary human keratinocytes, compared with cells expressing a dimerization-defective IL-17RA variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Goepfert
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Barske
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Lehmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuelle Wirth
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joschka Willemsen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicole L Ward
- Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mrinal K Sarkar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - René Hemmig
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank Kolbinger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Rondeau
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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5
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Nishimura JI, Ando K, Masuko M, Noji H, Ito Y, Mayer J, Griskevicius L, Bucher C, Müllershausen F, Gergely P, Rozenberg I, Schubart A, Chawla R, Rondeau JM, Roguska M, Splawski I, Keating MT, Johnson L, Danekula R, Bagger M, Watanabe Y, Haraldsson B, Kanakura Y. Tesidolumab (LFG316) for treatment of C5-variant patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Haematologica 2022; 107:1483-1488. [PMID: 35263983 PMCID: PMC9152970 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.265868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Nishimura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita.
| | - Kiyoshi Ando
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University, Isehara
| | - Masayoshi Masuko
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata
| | - Hideyoshi Noji
- Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima
| | - Yoshikazu Ito
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo
| | - Jiri Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Masaryk University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Laimonas Griskevicius
- Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius
| | - Christoph Bucher
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland, Cambridge, USA, and Novartis Pharma KK, Toranomon Minato-ku, Tokyo
| | - Florian Müllershausen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland, Cambridge, USA, and Novartis Pharma KK, Toranomon Minato-ku, Tokyo
| | - Peter Gergely
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland, Cambridge, USA, and Novartis Pharma KK, Toranomon Minato-ku, Tokyo
| | - Izabela Rozenberg
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland, Cambridge, USA, and Novartis Pharma KK, Toranomon Minato-ku, Tokyo
| | - Anna Schubart
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland, Cambridge, USA, and Novartis Pharma KK, Toranomon Minato-ku, Tokyo
| | - Raghav Chawla
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland, Cambridge, USA, and Novartis Pharma KK, Toranomon Minato-ku, Tokyo
| | - Jean-Michel Rondeau
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland, Cambridge, USA, and Novartis Pharma KK, Toranomon Minato-ku, Tokyo
| | - Michael Roguska
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland, Cambridge, USA, and Novartis Pharma KK, Toranomon Minato-ku, Tokyo
| | - Igor Splawski
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland, Cambridge, USA, and Novartis Pharma KK, Toranomon Minato-ku, Tokyo
| | - Mark T Keating
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland, Cambridge, USA, and Novartis Pharma KK, Toranomon Minato-ku, Tokyo
| | - Leslie Johnson
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland, Cambridge, USA, and Novartis Pharma KK, Toranomon Minato-ku, Tokyo
| | - Rambabu Danekula
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland, Cambridge, USA, and Novartis Pharma KK, Toranomon Minato-ku, Tokyo
| | - Morten Bagger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland, Cambridge, USA, and Novartis Pharma KK, Toranomon Minato-ku, Tokyo
| | - Yoko Watanabe
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland, Cambridge, USA, and Novartis Pharma KK, Toranomon Minato-ku, Tokyo
| | - Börje Haraldsson
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland, Cambridge, USA, and Novartis Pharma KK, Toranomon Minato-ku, Tokyo
| | - Yuzuru Kanakura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan; Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka
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6
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Machauer R, Lueoend R, Hurth K, Veenstra SJ, Rueeger H, Voegtle M, Tintelnot-Blomley M, Rondeau JM, Jacobson LH, Laue G, Beltz K, Neumann U. Discovery of Umibecestat (CNP520): A Potent, Selective, and Efficacious β-Secretase (BACE1) Inhibitor for the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15262-15279. [PMID: 34648711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
After identification of lead compound 6, 5-amino-1,4-oxazine BACE1 inhibitors were optimized in order to improve potency, brain penetration, and metabolic stability. Insertion of a methyl and a trifluoromethyl group at the 6-position of the 5-amino-1,4-oxazine led to 8 (NB-360), an inhibitor with a pKa of 7.1, a very low P-glycoprotein efflux ratio, and excellent pharmacological profile, enabling high central nervous system penetration and exposure. Fur color changes observed with NB-360 in efficacy studies in preclinical animal models triggered further optimization of the series. Herein, we describe the steps leading to the discovery of 3-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid [6-((3R,6R)-5-amino-3,6-dimethyl-6-trifluoromethyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-[1,4]oxazin-3-yl)-5-fluoro-pyridin-2-yl]amide 15 (CNP520, umibecestat), an inhibitor with superior BACE1/BACE2 selectivity and pharmacokinetics. CNP520 reduced significantly Aβ levels in mice and rats in acute and chronic treatment regimens without any side effects and thus qualified for Alzheimer's disease prevention studies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Machauer
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Lueoend
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Konstanze Hurth
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Siem J Veenstra
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Rueeger
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Voegtle
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jean-Michel Rondeau
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Structural Biology Platform, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura H Jacobson
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Grit Laue
- Pharmacokinetic-Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karen Beltz
- Pharmacokinetic-Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulf Neumann
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Sheng Q, D'Alessio JA, Menezes DL, Karim C, Tang Y, Tam A, Clark S, Ying C, Connor A, Mansfield KG, Rondeau JM, Ghoddusi M, Geyer FC, Gu J, McLaughlin ME, Newcombe R, Elliot G, Tschantz WR, Lehmann S, Fanton CP, Miller K, Huber T, Rendahl KG, Jeffry U, Pryer NK, Lees E, Kwon P, Abraham JA, Damiano JS, Abrams TJ. PCA062, a P-cadherin Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate, Displays Potent Antitumor Activity Against P-cadherin-expressing Malignancies. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1270-1282. [PMID: 33879555 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cell surface glycoprotein P-cadherin is highly expressed in a number of malignancies, including those arising in the epithelium of the bladder, breast, esophagus, lung, and upper aerodigestive system. PCA062 is a P-cadherin specific antibody-drug conjugate that utilizes the clinically validated SMCC-DM1 linker payload to mediate potent cytotoxicity in cell lines expressing high levels of P-cadherin in vitro, while displaying no specific activity in P-cadherin-negative cell lines. High cell surface P-cadherin is necessary, but not sufficient, to mediate PCA062 cytotoxicity. In vivo, PCA062 demonstrated high serum stability and a potent ability to induce mitotic arrest. In addition, PCA062 was efficacious in clinically relevant models of P-cadherin-expressing cancers, including breast, esophageal, and head and neck. Preclinical non-human primate toxicology studies demonstrated a favorable safety profile that supports clinical development. Genome-wide CRISPR screens reveal that expression of the multidrug-resistant gene ABCC1 and the lysosomal transporter SLC46A3 differentially impact tumor cell sensitivity to PCA062. The preclinical data presented here suggest that PCA062 may have clinical value for treating patients with multiple cancer types including basal-like breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sheng
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Daniel L Menezes
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher Karim
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yan Tang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Angela Tam
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Suzanna Clark
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Chi Ying
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Anu Connor
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Keith G Mansfield
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Majid Ghoddusi
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Felipe C Geyer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jane Gu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Rick Newcombe
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - GiNell Elliot
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sylvie Lehmann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christie P Fanton
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kathy Miller
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas Huber
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ursula Jeffry
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy K Pryer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Emma Lees
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Paul Kwon
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Judith A Abraham
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jason S Damiano
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tinya J Abrams
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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8
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Rueeger H, Lueoend R, Machauer R, Veenstra SJ, Holzer P, Hurth K, Voegtle M, Frederiksen M, Rondeau JM, Tintelnot-Blomley M, Jacobson LH, Staufenbiel M, Laue G, Neumann U. Synthesis of the Potent, Selective, and Efficacious β-Secretase (BACE1) Inhibitor NB-360. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4677-4696. [PMID: 33844524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Starting from lead compound 4, the 1,4-oxazine headgroup was optimized to improve potency and brain penetration. Focusing at the 6-position of the 5-amino-1,4-oxazine, the insertion of a Me and a CF3 group delivered an excellent pharmacological profile with a pKa of 7.1 and a very low P-gp efflux ratio enabling high central nervous system (CNS) penetration and exposure. Various synthetic routes to access BACE1 inhibitors bearing a 5-amino-6-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,4-oxazine headgroup were investigated. Subsequent optimization of the P3 fragment provided the highly potent N-(3-((3R,6R)-5-amino-3,6-dimethyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,4-oxazin-3-yl)-4-fluorophenyl)-5-cyano-3-methylpicolinamide 54 (NB-360), able to reduce significantly Aβ levels in mice, rats, and dogs in acute and chronic treatment regimens.
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9
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Kaul M, Jarvis P, Rozenberg I, Kolbinger F, Di Padova F, Calonder C, Espie P, Rondeau JM, Cebe R, Huber T, Mussmann R, Aassi M, Sligh TS. First-in-human study demonstrating the safety and clinical efficacy of novel anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody CJM112 in moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:1143-1151. [PMID: 33617042 PMCID: PMC8246720 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective Anti‐IL‐17A IgG/κ monoclonal antibody CJM112 binds both IL‐17A and IL‐17AF. The purpose of this First‐in‐Human study was to assess CJM112 effects on safety and efficacy in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. Methods This study had two parts: single ascending doses of 5–450 mg subcutaneous (s.c.) CJM112 (SAD) and multi‐dose parallel groups of CJM112 15 mg, 50 mg and 150 mg s.c. low frequency or high frequency (MD). SAD/MD were double‐blind, randomized and placebo‐controlled; MD also included a secukinumab 150 mg s.c. arm as an active comparator. Patients 18–65 years with moderate to severe psoriasis were included in this study. The efficacy outcome was the change in Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) from baseline to Week 4 in the SAD part of the study, and from baseline to Week 12 in the MD part. Results 96 patients were enrolled in this study (SAD, n = 42; MD, n = 54). In SAD, CJM112 doses from 15 mg and above demonstrated higher PASI responses compared with placebo at Week 12. CJM112 450 mg did not add further efficacy, but efficacy duration was prolonged compared with CJM112 150 mg. CJM112 MD resulted in a dose‐dependent decrease in PASI over time to Week 12. CJM112 150 mg high frequency did not exceed the effect of CJM112 150 mg low frequency and had similar efficacy to secukinumab 150 mg. The safety profile of CJM112 was as expected for an antibody targeting IL‐17A/IL‐17AF. Conclusions CJM112 had clinical efficacy in moderate to severe psoriasis and was generally safe and well tolerated in the doses tested. Additional neutralization of IL‐17AF did not translate to increased clinical efficacy compared with secukinumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kaul
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Jarvis
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - I Rozenberg
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - F Kolbinger
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - F Di Padova
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Calonder
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Espie
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,currently Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J M Rondeau
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Cebe
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - T Huber
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,currently Almirall AG, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Mussmann
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Aassi
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - T S Sligh
- Providence Clinical Research, North Hollywood, California, USA
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10
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Goepfert A, Lehmann S, Blank J, Kolbinger F, Rondeau JM. Structural Analysis Reveals that the Cytokine IL-17F Forms a Homodimeric Complex with Receptor IL-17RC to Drive IL-17RA-Independent Signaling. Immunity 2020; 52:499-512.e5. [PMID: 32187518 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A), IL-17F, and IL-17A/F heterodimers are key cytokines of the innate and adaptive immune response. Dysregulation of the IL-17 pathway contributes to immune pathology, and it is therefore important to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that govern IL-17 recognition and signaling. The receptor IL-17RC is thought to act in concert with IL-17RA to transduce IL-17A-, IL-17F-, and IL-17A/F-mediated signals. We report the crystal structure of the extracellular domain of human IL-17RC in complex with IL-17F. In contrast to the expected model, we found that IL-17RC formed a symmetrical 2:1 complex with IL-17F, thus competing with IL-17RA for cytokine binding. Using biophysical techniques, we showed that IL-17A and IL-17A/F also form 2:1 complexes with IL-17RC, suggesting the possibility of IL-17RA-independent IL-17 signaling pathways. The crystal structure of the IL-17RC:IL-17F complex provides a structural basis for IL-17F signaling through IL-17RC, with potential therapeutic applications for respiratory allergy and inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Goepfert
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Lehmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jutta Blank
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank Kolbinger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Rondeau
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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11
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Neumann U, Ufer M, Jacobson LH, Rouzade-Dominguez ML, Huledal G, Kolly C, Lüönd RM, Machauer R, Veenstra SJ, Hurth K, Rueeger H, Tintelnot-Blomley M, Staufenbiel M, Shimshek DR, Perrot L, Frieauff W, Dubost V, Schiller H, Vogg B, Beltz K, Avrameas A, Kretz S, Pezous N, Rondeau JM, Beckmann N, Hartmann A, Vormfelde S, David OJ, Galli B, Ramos R, Graf A, Lopez Lopez C. The BACE-1 inhibitor CNP520 for prevention trials in Alzheimer's disease. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201809316. [PMID: 30224383 PMCID: PMC6220303 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The beta‐site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme‐1 (BACE‐1) initiates the generation of amyloid‐β (Aβ), and the amyloid cascade leading to amyloid plaque deposition, neurodegeneration, and dementia in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinical failures of anti‐Aβ therapies in dementia stages suggest that treatment has to start in the early, asymptomatic disease states. The BACE‐1 inhibitor CNP520 has a selectivity, pharmacodynamics, and distribution profile suitable for AD prevention studies. CNP520 reduced brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ in rats and dogs, and Aβ plaque deposition in APP‐transgenic mice. Animal toxicology studies of CNP520 demonstrated sufficient safety margins, with no signs of hair depigmentation, retina degeneration, liver toxicity, or cardiovascular effects. In healthy adults ≥ 60 years old, treatment with CNP520 was safe and well tolerated and resulted in robust and dose‐dependent Aβ reduction in the cerebrospinal fluid. Thus, long‐term, pivotal studies with CNP520 have been initiated in the Generation Program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Neumann
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mike Ufer
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura H Jacobson
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Gunilla Huledal
- PK Sciences, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carine Kolly
- Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer M Lüönd
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Machauer
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Siem J Veenstra
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Konstanze Hurth
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Rueeger
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Derya R Shimshek
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Perrot
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wilfried Frieauff
- Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Dubost
- Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hilmar Schiller
- PK Sciences, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Vogg
- PK Sciences, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karen Beltz
- PK Sciences, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Avrameas
- Biomarker Discovery, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Kretz
- Biomarker Discovery, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Pezous
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Rondeau
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolau Beckmann
- Musculoskeletal Diseases, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hartmann
- Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Vormfelde
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Bruno Galli
- Global Drug Development, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rita Ramos
- Global Drug Development, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ana Graf
- Global Drug Development, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Veenstra SJ, Rueeger H, Voegtle M, Lueoend R, Holzer P, Hurth K, Tintelnot-Blomley M, Frederiksen M, Rondeau JM, Jacobson L, Staufenbiel M, Neumann U, Machauer R. Discovery of amino-1,4-oxazines as potent BACE-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2195-2200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Goepfert A, Lehmann S, Wirth E, Rondeau JM. The human IL-17A/F heterodimer: a two-faced cytokine with unique receptor recognition properties. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8906. [PMID: 28827714 PMCID: PMC5566378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-17A and IL-17F are prominent members of the IL-17 family of cytokines that regulates both innate and adaptive immunity. IL-17A has been implicated in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and anti-IL-17A antibodies have shown remarkable clinical efficacy in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis patients. IL-17A and IL-17F are homodimeric cytokines that can also form the IL-17A/F heterodimer whose precise role in health and disease remains elusive. All three cytokines signal through the assembly of a ternary complex with the IL-17RA and IL-17RC receptors. Here we report the X-ray analysis of the human IL-17A/F heterodimer that reveals a two-faced cytokine closely mimicking IL-17A as well as IL-17F. We also present the crystal structure of its complex with the IL-17RA receptor. Unexpectedly in view of the much higher affinity of this receptor toward IL-17A, we find that IL-17RA is bound to the “F-face” of the heterodimer in the crystal. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we then demonstrate that IL-17RA can also bind to the “A-face” of IL-17A/F with similar affinity. Further, we show that IL-17RC does not discriminate between the two faces of the cytokine heterodimer either, thus enabling the formation of two topologically-distinct heterotrimeric complexes with potentially different signaling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Goepfert
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Lehmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuelle Wirth
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Rondeau
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.
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14
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Jahnke W, Bold G, Marzinzik AL, Ofner S, Pellé X, Cotesta S, Bourgier E, Lehmann S, Henry C, Hemmig R, Stauffer F, Hartwieg JCD, Green JR, Rondeau JM. A General Strategy for Targeting Drugs to Bone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14575-9. [PMID: 26457482 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Targeting drugs to their desired site of action can increase their safety and efficacy. Bisphosphonates are prototypical examples of drugs targeted to bone. However, bisphosphonate bone affinity is often considered too strong and cannot be significantly modulated without losing activity on the enzymatic target, farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS). Furthermore, bisphosphonate bone affinity comes at the expense of very low and variable oral bioavailability. FPPS inhibitors were developed with a monophosphonate as a bone-affinity tag that confers moderate affinity to bone, which can furthermore be tuned to the desired level, and the relationship between structure and bone affinity was evaluated by using an NMR-based bone-binding assay. The concept of targeting drugs to bone with moderate affinity, while retaining oral bioavailability, has broad application to a variety of other bone-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Jahnke
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Center for Proteomic Chemistry and Oncology Research, 4002 Basel (Switzerland).
| | - Guido Bold
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Center for Proteomic Chemistry and Oncology Research, 4002 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Andreas L Marzinzik
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Center for Proteomic Chemistry and Oncology Research, 4002 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Silvio Ofner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Center for Proteomic Chemistry and Oncology Research, 4002 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Xavier Pellé
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Center for Proteomic Chemistry and Oncology Research, 4002 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Simona Cotesta
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Center for Proteomic Chemistry and Oncology Research, 4002 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Emmanuelle Bourgier
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Center for Proteomic Chemistry and Oncology Research, 4002 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Sylvie Lehmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Center for Proteomic Chemistry and Oncology Research, 4002 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Chrystelle Henry
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Center for Proteomic Chemistry and Oncology Research, 4002 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - René Hemmig
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Center for Proteomic Chemistry and Oncology Research, 4002 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Frédéric Stauffer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Center for Proteomic Chemistry and Oncology Research, 4002 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - J Constanze D Hartwieg
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Center for Proteomic Chemistry and Oncology Research, 4002 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Jonathan R Green
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Center for Proteomic Chemistry and Oncology Research, 4002 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Jean-Michel Rondeau
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Center for Proteomic Chemistry and Oncology Research, 4002 Basel (Switzerland)
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15
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Jahnke W, Bold G, Marzinzik AL, Ofner S, Pellé X, Cotesta S, Bourgier E, Lehmann S, Henry C, Hemmig R, Stauffer F, Hartwieg JCD, Green JR, Rondeau JM. Gezielte Anreicherung von Wirkstoffen am Knochen am Beispiel von allosterischen FPPS-Inhibitoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Marzinzik AL, Amstutz R, Bold G, Bourgier E, Cotesta S, Glickman JF, Götte M, Henry C, Lehmann S, Hartwieg JCD, Ofner S, Pellé X, Roddy TP, Rondeau JM, Stauffer F, Stout SJ, Widmer A, Zimmermann J, Zoller T, Jahnke W. Discovery of Novel Allosteric Non-Bisphosphonate Inhibitors of Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase by Integrated Lead Finding. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1884-91. [PMID: 26381451 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) is an established target for the treatment of bone diseases, but also shows promise as an anticancer and anti-infective drug target. Currently available anti-FPPS drugs are active-site-directed bisphosphonate inhibitors, the peculiar pharmacological profile of which is inadequate for therapeutic indications beyond bone diseases. The recent discovery of an allosteric binding site has paved the way toward the development of novel non-bisphosphonate FPPS inhibitors with broader therapeutic potential, notably as immunomodulators in oncology. Herein we report the discovery, by an integrated lead finding approach, of two new chemical classes of allosteric FPPS inhibitors that belong to the salicylic acid and quinoline chemotypes. We present their synthesis, biochemical and cellular activities, structure-activity relationships, and provide X-ray structures of several representative FPPS complexes. These novel allosteric FPPS inhibitors are devoid of any affinity for bone mineral and could serve as leads to evaluate their potential in none-bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - René Amstutz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, 4002, Switzerland.,Conim AG, Oberwiler Kirchweg 4c, 6300, Zug, Switzerland
| | - Guido Bold
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, 4002, Switzerland
| | | | - Simona Cotesta
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, 4002, Switzerland
| | - J Fraser Glickman
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, 4002, Switzerland.,High Throughput and Spectroscopy Resource Center, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Marjo Götte
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, 4002, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Henry
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, 4002, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Lehmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, 4002, Switzerland
| | | | - Silvio Ofner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, 4002, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Pellé
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, 4002, Switzerland
| | - Thomas P Roddy
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, 4002, Switzerland.,Agios, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4169, USA
| | | | - Frédéric Stauffer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, 4002, Switzerland
| | - Steven J Stout
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, 4002, Switzerland.,Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Armin Widmer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, 4002, Switzerland
| | - Johann Zimmermann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, 4002, Switzerland.,Polyphor, Hegenheimermattweg 125, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Zoller
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, 4002, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Jahnke
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, 4002, Switzerland.
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17
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Goepfert A, Lehmann S, Rondeau JM. Crystal structure of the human IL-17AF heterodimer. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273315096321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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18
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Rondeau JM, Ramage P, Zurini M, Gram H. The molecular mode of action and species specificity of canakinumab, a human monoclonal antibody neutralizing IL-1β. MAbs 2015; 7:1151-60. [PMID: 26284424 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1081323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) plays a key role in autoinflammatory diseases, such as systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) or cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS). Canakinumab, a human monoclonal anti-IL-1β antibody, was recently approved for human use under the brand name Ilaris®. Canakinumab does not cross-react with IL-1β from mouse, rat, rabbit, or macaques. The crystal structure of the canakinumab Fab bound to human IL-1β was determined in an attempt to rationalize the species specificity. The X-ray analysis reveals a complex surface epitope with an intricate network of well-ordered water molecules at the antibody-antigen interface. The canakinumab paratope is largely pre-organized, as demonstrated by the structure determination of the free Fab. Glu 64 of human IL-1β is a pivotal epitope residue explaining the exquisite species specificity of canakinumab. We identified marmoset as the only non-human primate species that carries Glu 64 in its IL-1β and demonstrates full cross-reactivity of canakinumab, thereby enabling toxicological studies in this species. As demonstrated by the X-ray structure of the complex with IL-1β, canakinumab binds IL-1β on the opposite side with respect to the IL-1RAcP binding site, and in an approximately orthogonal orientation with respect to IL-1RI. However, the antibody and IL-1RI binding sites slightly overlap and the VH region of canakinumab would sterically interfere with the D1 domain of IL-1RI, as shown by a structural overlay with the IL-1β:IL-1RI complex. Therefore, direct competition with IL-1RI for IL-1β binding is the molecular mechanism of neutralization by canakinumab, which is also confirmed by competition assays with recombinant IL-1RI and IL-1RII.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Ramage
- a Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research ; Basel , Switzerland
| | - Mauro Zurini
- a Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research ; Basel , Switzerland
| | - Hermann Gram
- a Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research ; Basel , Switzerland
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19
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Cai X, Xu Y, Cheung AK, Tomlinson RC, Alcázar-Román A, Murphy L, Billich A, Zhang B, Feng Y, Klumpp M, Rondeau JM, Fazal AN, Wilson CJ, Myer V, Joberty G, Bouwmeester T, Labow MA, Finan PM, Porter JA, Ploegh HL, Baird D, De Camilli P, Tallarico JA, Huang Q. PIKfyve, a class III PI kinase, is the target of the small molecular IL-12/IL-23 inhibitor apilimod and a player in Toll-like receptor signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 20:912-21. [PMID: 23890009 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is a key component of innate immunity. Aberrant TLR activation leads to immune disorders via dysregulation of cytokine production, such as IL-12/IL-23. Herein, we identify and characterize PIKfyve, a lipid kinase, as a critical player in TLR signaling using apilimod as an affinity tool. Apilimod is a potent small molecular inhibitor of IL-12/IL-23 with an unknown target and has been evaluated in clinical trials for patients with Crohn's disease or rheumatoid arthritis. Using a chemical genetic approach, we show that it binds to PIKfyve and blocks its phosphotransferase activity, leading to selective inhibition of IL-12/IL-23p40. Pharmacological or genetic inactivation of PIKfyve is necessary and sufficient for suppression of IL-12/IL-23p40 expression. Thus, we have uncovered a phosphoinositide-mediated regulatory mechanism that controls TLR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Cai
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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20
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Salcius M, Bauer AJ, Hao Q, Li S, Tutter A, Raphael J, Jahnke W, Rondeau JM, Bourgier E, Tallarico J, Michaud GA. SEC-TID: A Label-Free Method for Small-Molecule Target Identification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:917-27. [PMID: 24554445 DOI: 10.1177/1087057114522691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive small molecules are an invaluable source of therapeutics and chemical probes for exploring biological pathways. Yet, significant hurdles in drug discovery often come from lacking a comprehensive view of the target(s) for both early tool molecules and even late-stage drugs. To address this challenge, a method is provided that allows for assessing the interactions of small molecules with thousands of targets without any need to modify the small molecule of interest or attach any component to a surface. We describe size-exclusion chromatography for target identification (SEC-TID), a method for accurately and reproducibly detecting ligand-macromolecular interactions for small molecules targeting nucleic acid and several protein classes. We report the use of SEC-TID, with a library consisting of approximately 1000 purified proteins derived from the protein databank (PDB), to identify the efficacy targets tankyrase 1 and 2 for the Wnt inhibitor XAV939. In addition, we report novel interactions for the tumor-vascular disrupting agent vadimezan/ASA404 (interacting with farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase) and the diuretic mefruside (interacting with carbonic anhydrase XIII). We believe this method can dramatically enhance our understanding of the mechanism of action and potential liabilities for small molecules in drug discovery pipelines through comprehensive profiling of candidate druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Salcius
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways Department, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andras J Bauer
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways Department, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Qin Hao
- Analytical Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shu Li
- Analytical Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Antonin Tutter
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways Department, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacob Raphael
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways Department, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wolfgang Jahnke
- Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Rondeau
- Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuelle Bourgier
- Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - John Tallarico
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways Department, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gregory A Michaud
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways Department, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
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21
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Rueeger H, Lueoend R, Machauer R, Veenstra SJ, Jacobson LH, Staufenbiel M, Desrayaud S, Rondeau JM, Möbitz H, Neumann U. Discovery of cyclic sulfoxide hydroxyethylamines as potent and selective β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) inhibitors: Structure based design and in vivo reduction of amyloid β-peptides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5300-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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22
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Hanessian S, Shao Z, Betschart C, Rondeau JM, Neumann U, Tintelnot-Blomley M. Corrigendum to “Structure-based design and synthesis of novel P2/P3 modified, non-peptidic β-secretase (BACE-1) inhibitors” [Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 20 (2010) 1924–1927]. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Smejkal B, Helk B, Rondeau JM, Anton S, Wilke A, Scheyerer P, Fries J, Hekmat D, Weuster-Botz D. Protein crystallization in stirred systems--scale-up via the maximum local energy dissipation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:1956-63. [PMID: 23335375 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular bioproducts like therapeutic proteins have usually been crystallized with µL-scale vapor diffusion experiments for structure determination by X-ray diffraction. Little systematic know-how exists for technical-scale protein crystallization in stirred vessels. In this study, the Fab-fragment of the therapeutic antibody Canakinumab was successfully crystallized in a stirred-tank reactor on a 6 mL-scale. A four times faster onset of crystallization of the Fab-fragment was observed compared to the non-agitated 10 µL-scale. Further studies on a liter-scale with lysozyme confirmed this effect. A 10 times faster onset of crystallization was observed in this case at an optimum stirrer speed. Commonly suggested scale-up criteria (i.e., minimum stirrer speed to keep the protein crystals in suspension or constant impeller tip speed) were shown not to be successful. Therefore, the criterion of constant maximum local energy dissipation was applied for scale-up of the stirred crystallization process for the first time. The maximum local energy dissipation was estimated by measuring the drop size distribution of an oil/surfactant/water emulsion in stirred-tank reactors on a 6 mL-, 100 mL-, and 1 L-scale. A comparable crystallization behavior was achieved in all stirred-tank reactors when the maximum local energy dissipation was kept constant for scale-up. A maximum local energy dissipation of 2.2 W kg(-1) was identified to be the optimum for lysozyme crystallization at all scales under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Smejkal
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748 Garching, Germany
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24
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Rueeger H, Lueoend R, Rogel O, Rondeau JM, Möbitz H, Machauer R, Jacobson L, Staufenbiel M, Desrayaud S, Neumann U. Discovery of Cyclic Sulfone Hydroxyethylamines as Potent and Selective β-Site APP-Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE1) Inhibitors: Structure-Based Design and in Vivo Reduction of Amyloid β-Peptides. J Med Chem 2012; 55:3364-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300069y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich Rueeger
- Department
of Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Structural Biology Platform, §Department of Neuroscience, and ∥Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Lueoend
- Department
of Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Structural Biology Platform, §Department of Neuroscience, and ∥Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Rogel
- Department
of Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Structural Biology Platform, §Department of Neuroscience, and ∥Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Rondeau
- Department
of Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Structural Biology Platform, §Department of Neuroscience, and ∥Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Möbitz
- Department
of Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Structural Biology Platform, §Department of Neuroscience, and ∥Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Machauer
- Department
of Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Structural Biology Platform, §Department of Neuroscience, and ∥Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Jacobson
- Department
of Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Structural Biology Platform, §Department of Neuroscience, and ∥Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Staufenbiel
- Department
of Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Structural Biology Platform, §Department of Neuroscience, and ∥Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Desrayaud
- Department
of Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Structural Biology Platform, §Department of Neuroscience, and ∥Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulf Neumann
- Department
of Global Discovery Chemistry, ‡Structural Biology Platform, §Department of Neuroscience, and ∥Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
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25
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Rueeger H, Rondeau JM, McCarthy C, Möbitz H, Tintelnot-Blomley M, Neumann U, Desrayaud S. Structure based design, synthesis and SAR of cyclic hydroxyethylamine (HEA) BACE-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1942-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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26
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Jahnke W, Rondeau JM, Cotesta S, Marzinzik A, Pellé X, Geiser M, Strauss A, Götte M, Bitsch F, Hemmig R, Henry C, Lehmann S, Glickman JF, Roddy TP, Stout SJ, Green JR. Allosteric non-bisphosphonate FPPS inhibitors identified by fragment-based discovery. Nat Chem Biol 2010; 6:660-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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27
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Hanessian S, Shao Z, Betschart C, Rondeau JM, Neumann U, Tintelnot-Blomley M. Structure-based design and synthesis of novel P2/P3 modified, non-peptidic β-secretase (BACE-1) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:1924-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Lerchner A, Machauer R, Betschart C, Veenstra S, Rueeger H, McCarthy C, Tintelnot-Blomley M, Jaton AL, Rabe S, Desrayaud S, Enz A, Staufenbiel M, Paganetti P, Rondeau JM, Neumann U. Macrocyclic BACE-1 inhibitors acutely reduce Aβ in brain after po application. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:603-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Machauer R, Veenstra S, Rondeau JM, Tintelnot-Blomley M, Betschart C, Neumann U, Paganetti P. Corrigendum to “Structure-based design and synthesis of macrocyclic peptidomimetic β-secretase (BACE-1) inhibitors” [Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 19 (2009) 1361–1365]. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.01.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Peters C, Bacher M, Buenemann CL, Kricek F, Rondeau JM, Weigand K. Conformationally constrained mimics of the membrane-proximal domain of Fc epsilonRIalpha. Chembiochem 2008; 8:1785-9. [PMID: 17828717 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Peters
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Brunner Strasse 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria
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31
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Rondeau JM, Bitsch F, Bourgier E, Geiser M, Hemmig R, Kroemer M, Lehmann S, Ramage P, Rieffel S, Strauss A, Green JR, Jahnke W. Structural basis for the exceptional in vivo efficacy of bisphosphonate drugs. ChemMedChem 2006; 1:267-73. [PMID: 16892359 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200500059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To understand the structural basis for bisphosphonate therapy of bone diseases, we solved the crystal structures of human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) in its unliganded state, in complex with the nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate (N-BP) drugs zoledronate, pamidronate, alendronate, and ibandronate, and in the ternary complex with zoledronate and the substrate isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP). By revealing three structural snapshots of the enzyme catalytic cycle, each associated with a distinct conformational state, and details about the interactions with N-BPs, these structures provide a novel understanding of the mechanism of FPPS catalysis and inhibition. In particular, the accumulating substrate, IPP, was found to bind to and stabilize the FPPS-N-BP complexes rather than to compete with and displace the N-BP inhibitor. Stabilization of the FPPS-N-BP complex through IPP binding is supported by differential scanning calorimetry analyses of a set of representative N-BPs. Among other factors such as high binding affinity for bone mineral, this particular mode of FPPS inhibition contributes to the exceptional in vivo efficacy of N-BP drugs. Moreover, our data form the basis for structure-guided design of optimized N-BPs with improved pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Rondeau
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Discovery Technologies, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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32
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Hanessian S, Yang G, Rondeau JM, Neumann U, Betschart C, Tintelnot-Blomley M. Structure-Based Design and Synthesis of Macroheterocyclic Peptidomimetic Inhibitors of the Aspartic Protease β-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme (BACE). J Med Chem 2006; 49:4544-67. [PMID: 16854060 DOI: 10.1021/jm060154a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Based on the X-ray cocrystal structure of the Tang-Ghosh heptapeptide inhibitor 1 (OM00-3), a series of macroheterocyclic analogues were designed and synthesized. Analogues containing dithia, dioxa, oxathia, and carbathia macrocycles were synthesized by methods relying on ring-closing olefin metathesis for the dioxa analogues and by alkylation of thiolates or bisthiolates for the others. Molecular modeling suggested that the incorporation of piperidine units appended to the macrocycles improved interactions through additional H-bonds and introduced further rigidity. These were synthesized in enantiomerically pure form using enzyme-catalyzed desymmetrization and diastereomer separation. Inhibitory activity on beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE) was observed with several macroheterocyclic inhibitors and structure-activity relationship (SAR) correlations were deduced. Cocrystal structures of two synthetic analogues revealed interesting and unexpected binding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.
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33
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Rondeau JM, Bitsch F, Bourgier E, Geiser M, Hemmig R, Kroemer M, Lehmann S, Ramage P, Rieffel S, Strauss A, Green J, Jahnke W. Cover Picture: Structural Basis for the Exceptional in vivo Efficacy of Bisphosphonate Drugs (ChemMedChem 2/2006). ChemMedChem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200690003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Hanessian S, Yun H, Hou Y, Yang G, Bayrakdarian M, Therrien E, Moitessier N, Roggo S, Veenstra S, Tintelnot-Blomley M, Rondeau JM, Ostermeier C, Strauss A, Ramage P, Paganetti P, Neumann U, Betschart C. Structure-based design, synthesis, and memapsin 2 (BACE) inhibitory activity of carbocyclic and heterocyclic peptidomimetics. J Med Chem 2005. [PMID: 16078837 DOI: 10.1021/jm050142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular modeling based on the X-ray crystal structure of the Tang-Ghosh heptapeptide inhibitor 1 (OM99-2) of BACE led to the design and synthesis of a series of constrained P(1)' analogues. A cyclopentane ring was incorporated in 1 spanning the P(1)' Ala methyl group and the adjacent methylene carbon atom of the chain. Progressive truncation at the P(2)'-P(4)' sites led to a potent truncated analogue 5 with good selectivity over Cathepsin D. Using the same backbone replacement concept, a series of cyclopentane, cyclopentanone, tetrahydrofuran, pyrrolidine, and pyrrolidinone analogues were synthesized with considerable variation at the P and P' sites. The cyclopentanone and 2-pyrrolidinone analogues 45 and 57 showed low nM BACE inhibition. X-ray cocrystal structures of two analogues 5 and 45 revealed excellent convergence with the original inhibitor 1 structure while providing new insights into other interactions which could be exploited for future modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Province Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7.
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35
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Hanessian S, Yun H, Hou Y, Yang G, Bayrakdarian M, Therrien E, Moitessier N, Roggo S, Veenstra S, Tintelnot-Blomley M, Rondeau JM, Ostermeier C, Strauss A, Ramage P, Paganetti P, Neumann U, Betschart C. Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and Memapsin 2 (BACE) Inhibitory Activity of Carbocyclic and Heterocyclic Peptidomimetics. J Med Chem 2005; 48:5175-90. [PMID: 16078837 DOI: 10.1021/jm050142+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular modeling based on the X-ray crystal structure of the Tang-Ghosh heptapeptide inhibitor 1 (OM99-2) of BACE led to the design and synthesis of a series of constrained P(1)' analogues. A cyclopentane ring was incorporated in 1 spanning the P(1)' Ala methyl group and the adjacent methylene carbon atom of the chain. Progressive truncation at the P(2)'-P(4)' sites led to a potent truncated analogue 5 with good selectivity over Cathepsin D. Using the same backbone replacement concept, a series of cyclopentane, cyclopentanone, tetrahydrofuran, pyrrolidine, and pyrrolidinone analogues were synthesized with considerable variation at the P and P' sites. The cyclopentanone and 2-pyrrolidinone analogues 45 and 57 showed low nM BACE inhibition. X-ray cocrystal structures of two analogues 5 and 45 revealed excellent convergence with the original inhibitor 1 structure while providing new insights into other interactions which could be exploited for future modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Province Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7.
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36
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Abstract
A 5-aryl-1H-pyrazole molecular scaffold was designed to ligate the ATP binding site of cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) on the basis of crystallographic information. A search of the compound collection of Novartis using this scaffold as substructure query led to the identification of PKF049-365 as a representative of a new class of inhibitors of the cell cycle kinases CDK1/2. The three-dimensional structure of CDK2 in complex with PKF049-365 was subsequently determined by protein crystallography and refined to 1.53 A resolution. The X-ray analysis confirmed the binding mode expected from the design hypothesis. In addition, it revealed an alternative binding orientation involving a second tautomeric form of the inhibitor that was not envisaged during the design stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Furet
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Oncology Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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37
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Ettmayer P, France D, Gounarides J, Jarosinski M, Martin MS, Rondeau JM, Sabio M, Topiol S, Weidmann B, Zurini M, Bair KW. Structural and conformational requirements for high-affinity binding to the SH2 domain of Grb2(1). J Med Chem 1999; 42:971-80. [PMID: 10090780 DOI: 10.1021/jm9811007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Following earlier work on cystine-bridged peptides, cyclic phosphopeptides containing nonreducible mimics of cystine were synthesized that show high affinity and specificity toward the Src homology (SH2) domain of the growth factor receptor-binding protein (Grb2). Replacement of the cystine in the cyclic heptapeptide cyclo(CYVNVPC) by D-alpha-acetylthialysine or D-alpha-lysine gave cyclo(YVNVP(D-alpha-acetyl-thiaK)) (22) and cyclo(YVNVP(D-alpha-acetyl-K)) (30), which showed improved binding 10-fold relative to that of the control peptide KPFYVNVEF (1). NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling experiments indicate that a beta-turn conformation centered around YVNV is essential for high-affinity binding. X-ray structure analyses show that the linear peptide 1 and the cyclic compound 21 adopt a similar binding mode with a beta-turn conformation. Our data confirm the unique structural requirements of the ligand binding site of the SH2 domain of Grb2. Moreover, the potency of our cyclic lactams can be explained by the stabilization of the beta-turn conformation by three intramolecular hydrogen bonds (one mediated by an H2O molecule). These stable and easily accessible cyclic peptides can serve as templates for the evaluation of phosphotyrosine surrogates and further chemical elaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ettmayer
- Novartis Forschungsinstitut, Brunnerstrasse 59, Vienna A-1235, Austria.
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38
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Piettre SR, André C, Chanal MC, Ducep JB, Lesur B, Piriou F, Raboisson P, Rondeau JM, Schelcher C, Zimmermann P, Ganzhorn AJ. Monoaryl- and bisaryldihydroxytropolones as potent inhibitors of inositol monophosphatase. J Med Chem 1997; 40:4208-21. [PMID: 9435892 DOI: 10.1021/jm9701942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The first successful preparation of mono- and disubstituted 3,7-dihydroxytropolone involves a four-step synthetic scheme. Thus, bromination of 3,7-dihydroxytropolone (8) followed by permethylation of the resultant products furnished gram quantities of intermediates 13-18. Single or double Suzuki coupling reactions between these permethylated monobromo- and dibromodihydroxytropolone derivatives and a variety of boronic acids delivered the expected products whose deprotection yielded the desired compounds 1a-u and 26a-n, usually in fair to good yields. Tropolones 1 and 26 were found to be potent inhibitors of inositol monophosphatase with IC50 values in the low-micromolar range. The results are discussed in the context of the recently described novel mode of inhibition of the enzyme by 3,7-dihydroxytropolones.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Piettre
- Marion Merrell Research Institute, Strasbourg, France.
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39
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Ganzhorn AJ, Lepage P, Pelton PD, Strasser F, Vincendon P, Rondeau JM. The contribution of lysine-36 to catalysis by human myo-inositol monophosphatase. Biochemistry 1996; 35:10957-66. [PMID: 8718889 DOI: 10.1021/bi9603837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of lysine residues in the catalytic mechanism of myo-inositol monophosphatase (EC 3.1.3.25) was investigated. The enzyme was completely inactivated by amidination with ethyl acetimidate or reductive methylation with formaldehyde and cyanoborohydride. Activity was retained when the active site was protected with Mg2+, Li+, and D,L-myo-inositol 1-phosphate. Using radiolabeling, peptide mapping, and sequence analysis, Lys-36 was shown to be the protected residue, which is responsible for inactivation. Replacing Lys-36 with glutamine produced a mutant protein, K36Q, with similar affinities for the substrate and the activator Mg2+, but a 50-fold lower turnover number as compared to the wild-type enzyme. Crystallographic studies did not indicate any gross structural changes in the mutant as compared to the native form. Initial velocity data were best described by a rapid equilibrium ordered mechanism with two Mg2+ binding before and a third one binding after the substrate. Inhibition by calcium was unaffected by the mutation, but inhibition by lithium was greatly reduced and became noncompetitive. The pH dependence of catalysis and the solvent isotope effect on kcat are altered in the mutant enzyme. D,L-myo-Inositol 1-phosphate, 4-nitrophenyl phosphate, and D-glucose 6-phosphate are cleaved at different rates by the wild-type enzyme, but with similar efficiency by K36Q. All data taken together are consistent with the hypothesis that modifying or replacing the lysine residue in position 36 decreases its polarizing effect on one of the catalytic metal ions and prevents the efficient deprotonation of the metal-bound water nucleophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Ganzhorn
- Marion Merrel Research Institute, Strasbourg, France.
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40
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Schreuder HA, Rondeau JM, Tardif C, Soffientini A, Sarubbi E, Akeson A, Bowlin TL, Yanofsky S, Barrett RW. Refined crystal structure of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Presence of a disulfide link and a cis-proline. Eur J Biochem 1995; 227:838-47. [PMID: 7867645 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) molecules are cytokines involved in the acute-phase response against infection and injury. Three naturally occurring IL-1 molecules are known, two agonists: IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, and one antagonist, the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). Although IL-1 action protects the organism by enhancing the response to pathogens, its overproduction can lead to pathology and has been implicated in disease states that include septic shock, rheumatoid arthritis, graft versus host disease and certain leukemias. The crystal structure of IL-1ra has been solved at 0.21-nm resolution by molecular replacement using the IL-1 beta structure as a search model. The crystals contain two independent IL-1ra molecules which are very similar. IL-1ra has the same fold as IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta. The fold consists of twelve beta-strands which form a six-stranded beta-barrel, closed on one side by three beta-hairpin loops. Cys69 and Cys116 are linked via a disulfide bond and Pro53 has been built in the cis-conformation. Comparison of the IL-1ra structure with the IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta structures present in the Protein Data Bank shows that a putative receptor interaction region, involving the N-terminus up to the beginning of strand beta 1 and the loops D and G, is very different in the three IL-1 molecules. Other putative interaction regions, as identified with mutagenesis studies, are structurally conserved and rigid, allowing precise and specific interactions with the IL-1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Schreuder
- Marion Merrell Dow Research Institute, Strasbourg, France
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Chevrier B, Schalk C, D'Orchymont H, Rondeau JM, Moras D, Tarnus C. Crystal structure of Aeromonas proteolytica aminopeptidase: a prototypical member of the co-catalytic zinc enzyme family. Structure 1994; 2:283-91. [PMID: 8087555 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-2126(00)00030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aminopeptidases specifically cleave the amino-terminal residue from polypeptide chains and are involved in the metabolism of biologically active peptides. The family includes zinc-dependent enzymes possessing either one or two zinc ions per active site. Structural studies providing a detailed view of the metal environment may reveal whether the one-zinc and two-zinc enzymes constitute structurally and mechanistically distinct subclasses, and what role the metal ions play in the catalytic process. RESULTS We have solved the crystal structure of the monomeric aminopeptidase from Aeromonas proteolytica at 1.8 A resolution. The protein is folded into a single alpha/beta globular domain. The active site contains two zinc ions (3.5 A apart) with shared ligands and symmetrical coordination spheres. We have compared it with the related bovine lens leucine aminopeptidase and the cobalt-containing Escherichia coli methionine aminopeptidase. CONCLUSIONS The environment and coordination of the two zinc ions in A. proteolytica aminopeptidase strongly support the view that the two metal ions constitute a co-catalytic unit and play equivalent roles during catalysis. This conflicts with the conclusions drawn from the related bovine leucine aminopeptidase and early biochemical studies. In addition, the known specificity of the aminopeptidase for hydrophobic amino-terminal residues is reflected in the hydrophobicity of the active site cleft.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chevrier
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
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Tête-Favier F, Rondeau JM, Podjarny A, Moras D. Structure determination of aldose reductase: joys and traps of local symmetry averaging. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 1993; 49:246-56. [PMID: 15299530 DOI: 10.1107/s090744499200773x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The structure of aldose reductase, a monomeric enzyme of 314 amino acids which crystallizes in space group P1 with four monomers per asymmetric unit, has been solved using a combination of single isomorphous replacement (SIR), solvent flattening and local symmetry averaging. The self rotation showed evidence of 222 local symmetry. The map calculated from the original single isomorphous replacement phases showed a clear solvent envelope but was uninterpretable. A first averaging attempt failed because the molecular envelope obtained from the SIR map weighted with monomer correlation was too small and the averaging was biased by low-resolution truncation. A second attempt with an enlarged envelope and including low-resolution reflections succeeded in refining phases at 3.5 A resolution but failed to extend them correctly. Rigid-body refinement of a partial model based on the 3.5 A map calculated from refined phases showed significant departures from the 222 symmetry. A third averaging attempt using the improved symmetry succeeded in producing a clear map with phases extended to 3.07 A resolution. This map revealed a (beta/alpha)(8) fold, not previously found in NADPH-dependent enzymes. This work shows the importance of mask definition and local symmetry elements accuracy for averaging, and describes a method for improving these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tête-Favier
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie Biologique, IBMC, Strasbourg, France
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Reymann JM, Rondeau JM, Barth P, Jaquinod M, Van Dorsselaer A, Biellmann JF. Purification and electrospray mass spectrometry of aldose reductase from pig lens. Biochim Biophys Acta 1992; 1122:1-5. [PMID: 1633191 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(92)90119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (alditol: NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.21) has been purified from pig lens to homogeneity by a rapid and efficient three-step procedure involving poly(ethylene glycol) fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography and chromatofocusing. The homogeneity of the purified enzyme was examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under native and denaturing conditions, by isoelectric focusing and by high-performance liquid chromatography on a size-exclusion column. The highly purified enzyme is a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 35,775 +/- 3 Da as determined by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESMS). This purification procedure is particularly suited for the preparation of triclinic single crystals of pig lens aldose reductase, which are currently used in X-ray studies of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Reymann
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biologique, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
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44
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Rondeau JM, Tête-Favier F, Podjarny A, Reymann JM, Barth P, Biellmann JF, Moras D. Novel NADPH-binding domain revealed by the crystal structure of aldose reductase. Nature 1992; 355:469-72. [PMID: 1734286 DOI: 10.1038/355469a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase is the first enzyme in the polyol pathway and catalyses the NADPH-dependent reduction of D-glucose to D-sorbitol. Under normal physiological conditions aldose reductase participates in osmoregulation, but under hyperglycaemic conditions it contributes to the onset and development of severe complications in diabetes. Here we present the crystal structure of pig lens aldose reductase refined to an R-factor of 0.232 at 2.5-A resolution. It exhibits a single domain folded in an eight-stranded parallel alpha/beta barrel, similar to that in triose phosphate isomerase and a score of other enzymes. Hence, aldose reductase does not possess the expected canonical dinucleotide-binding domain. Crystallographic analysis of the binding of 2'-monophospho-adenosine-5'-diphosphoribose, which competitively inhibits NADPH binding reveals that it binds into a cleft located at the C-terminal end of the strands of the alpha/beta barrel. This represents a new type of binding for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide coenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Rondeau
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie Biologique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Strasbourg, France
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Rondeau JM, Moras D, Tête F, Podjarny A, Van Dorsselaer A, Reymann JM, Barth P, Biellmann JF. Structural studies of pig lens aldose reductase: reversible dimerization of the enzyme. Adv Exp Med Biol 1990; 284:113-8. [PMID: 1905095 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5901-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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46
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Rondeau JM, Cagnon C, Moras D, Masson JM. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray data of a phleomycin-binding protein from Streptoalloteichus hindustanus. J Mol Biol 1989; 207:645-6. [PMID: 2474660 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(89)90476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Large single crystals of a glycopeptide resistance protein encoded by the SH-ble gene from Streptoalloteichus hindustanus have been grown using vapor diffusion techniques with ammonium sulfate as the precipitant. The diffraction pattern extends to 2.0 A resolution. The crystals belong to space group P4(1)2(1)2 or P4(3)2(1)2 and have unit cell dimensions of a = 48.8 A and c = 112.5 A.
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Abstract
Crystals of pig lens aldose reductase have been grown from polyethylene glycol solutions at pH 6.2 and analysed by X-ray diffraction. Two crystal forms were obtained. The first belongs to space group P1 with unit cell dimensions a = 81.3 A, b = 85.9 A, c = 56.6 A, alpha = 102.3 degrees, beta = 103.3 degrees, gamma = 79.0 degrees, with four molecules in the unit cell related by a 222 non-crystallographic symmetry. The second crystal form is hexagonal. The space group is P6(2)22 with a = b = 101 A, c = 257 A and two molecules in the asymmetric unit. Both forms are suitable for X-ray structure analysis to better than 3 A resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Rondeau
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie Biologique, Institute de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Strasbourg, France
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