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Goselink RMA, van Knegsel ATM, Bannink A, Bruckmaier RM, Dijkstra J, van Duinkerken G, Schonewille JT, Hendriks WH. Dry period length affects rumen adaptation in dairy cattle precalving and during the first weeks after calving. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00619-2. [PMID: 38522829 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Omitting or shortening the dry period may result in a fairly constant ration throughout the transition period of dairy cows, reducing the need for adaptation of cow metabolism and rumen function to a new lactation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dry period length on rumen adaptation and cow metabolic state during the transition period. Twelve pregnant, rumen-cannulated Holstein Friesian dairy cows at the end of their first lactation were assigned to one of 3 treatments: a conventional (60 d), short (30 d) or no dry period (0 d). At dry-off, cows received a dry cow ration until calving. Lactating cows received a lactation ration. Cows were monitored from 8 wk before calving until 8 wk after calving for milk yield and dry matter intake (DMI). Rumen biopsies were taken from 3 locations in the rumen at 60, 40 and 10 d before calving and 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 d after calving to assess papillae dimensions. Blood was sampled weekly from 3 wk before until 8 wk after calving, and liver biopsies were taken at wk -2, wk 2 and wk 4 relative to calving. Prepartum, DMI and milk yield were greater for cows with a short or no dry period, compared with cows with a conventional dry period. Postpartum, DMI was greater for cows with a short dry period compared with cows with a conventional dry period. Plasma glucose concentration was greater for cows without a dry period, compared with the other dry period lengths postpartum. Plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate, and liver triglyceride content, did not differ among dry period. Rumen papillae differed in size based on biopsy location, but there was no interaction between biopsy location and the effect of dry period length. Rumen papillae surface area for cows managed for a 30 d or 60 d dry period decreased toward calving. At 40 d prepartum, papillae surface area was greater for short and no dry period treatment compared with a conventional dry period. At 10 d prepartum, papillae surface area was greater for the no dry period treatment compared with both other treatments, and this difference was still present 3 d postpartum. Cows managed for a short dry period showed faster increase in papillae dimensions after calving compared with cows managed for a conventional dry period. From d 28 onwards, no differences in papillae surface area were observed. The faster rumen adaptation postpartum may be related to the increased DMI during the first weeks postpartum for cows managed for a short dry period. However, this did not result in improved metabolic status or milk yield. The results from the present study demonstrate that the dietary changes related to a conventional dry period length affected rumen papillae development, not only prepartum but also early postpartum. Further optimization of dry period length as well as dietary composition throughout the transition period may support cows in their adaptation to a new lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M A Goselink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - A T M van Knegsel
- Adaptation Physiology group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - A Bannink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - R M Bruckmaier
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - G van Duinkerken
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J T Schonewille
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - W H Hendriks
- Animal Nutrition group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Schoenmaekers J, Dijkstra J, van der Wekken A, Paats M, Broen M, Brandts L, Dingemans AM, Hendriks L. In-depth Analysis of Lorlatinib-related neurocognitive Adverse Events in Patients With Non-small-cell Lung Cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2024; 25:168-174.e1. [PMID: 38151408 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lorlatinib is a potent, brain penetrant, next-generation ALK/ROS1 TKI, with high response rates and durable responses, including the brain. However, a significant drawback is the manifestation of neurocognitive adverse events (NCAEs). Despite being generally low-grade in severity, these NCAEs can be physically and mentally disabling. Extensive neurocognitive testing in this group of patients is lacking; therefore we conducted this study. PATIENTS AND METHODS This observational prospective study was conducted across 3 Dutch university hospitals. Patients with metastatic NSCLC with an ALK- or ROS1-rearrangement and having an indication to start lorlatinib in daily clinical practice were eligible. The primary endpoints were to identify changes in neurocognitive functioning, measured through neurocognitive assessment at intervals of 2 weeks and 2 months after starting lorlatinib, in comparison to baseline. As a secondary endpoint, the correlation between neurocognitive impairment and self-reported neurocognitive dysfunction was examined. RESULTS Between June 2019 and October 2022, 22 patients were included. Among the various neurocognitive tests administered, only the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised parts b and c demonstrated a significant and clinically relevant decrease in scoring 2 weeks post initiation of lorlatinib (P = .036 and P = .003, respectively). However, these returned to baseline at the 2-month evaluation. The questionnaires did not result in significantly different outcomes over time. CONCLUSION Lorlatinib treatment did not result in a sustained and significant decline within any of the specified neurocognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Schoenmaekers
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanet Dijkstra
- Department of Medical Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anthonie van der Wekken
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marthe Paats
- Department Pulmonary Diseases, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Broen
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lloyd Brandts
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Dingemans
- Department Pulmonary Diseases, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lizza Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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van Gastelen S, Dijkstra J, Gerrits WJJ, Gilbert MS, Bannink A. Short communication: Quantifying postruminal starch fermentation in early-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows. Animal 2023; 17:100974. [PMID: 37742498 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It has previously been shown that fermentation may contribute substantially to small intestinal carbohydrate disappearance. The fact that the energetic efficiency of starch fermentation is considerably less than that of enzymatic digestion of starch, makes it of nutritional importance to quantify the level of postruminal starch fermentation for dairy cows. Hence, we subjected six rumen-fistulated Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (48 ± 17 days in milk) to 5 d of continuous abomasal infusions of 0.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mol NH4Cl/d, with and without 3 kg ground maize/d, followed by 2 d of rest in a 6 × 6 Latin square design. A total mixed ration (TMR) consisting of (DM basis) 70% grass silage and 30% concentrate was fed at 95% of ad libitum intake. Separation of postruminal starch disappearance into enzymatically digested starch and fermented starch was based on the measurement of natural 13C enrichment of the TMR, abomasally infused ground maize, and resulting 13C enrichment of faeces. Within each cow, 0.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mol NH4Cl/d without ground maize served as control for the same levels of NH4Cl with 3 kg ground maize/d. Abomasal infusion of ground maize was associated with increased total DM and starch intake, faecal starch excretion, and digestibility of starch, and with decreased digestibility of DM and N. The increased faecal volatile fatty acid (VFA) output and 13C enrichment of the individual VFA indicate increased starch fermentation with abomasally infused ground maize. On average, 1 311 g starch/d was postruminally fermented, representing 60.8% of total starch intake. Overall, postruminal starch fermentation of early-lactation dairy cows abomasally infused with 3 kg ground maize/d is considerable and may result in substantial amounts of VFA rather than glucose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S van Gastelen
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - W J J Gerrits
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M S Gilbert
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - A Bannink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Zegers C, Offermann C, Dijkstra J, Compter I, Hoebers F, de Ruysscher D, Anten M, Broen M, Postma A, Hoeben A, Hovinga K, Van Elmpt W, Eekers D. Clinical implementation of standardized neurocognitive assessment before and after radiation to the brain. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2023; 42:100664. [PMID: 37576068 PMCID: PMC10413416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2023.100664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy induced impairment of cognitive function can lead to a reduced quality of life. The aim of this study was to describe the implementation and compliance of standardized neurocognitive assessment. In addition, the first results of cognitive changes for patients receiving a radiation dose to the brain are described. Materials and methods Patients that received radiation dose to the brain (neuro, head and neck and prophylactic cranial irradiation between April-2019 and Dec-2021 were included. Three neuro cognitive tests were performed a verbal learning and memory test, the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test; a verbal fluency test, the Controlled Oral Word Association Test and a speed and cognitive flexibility test, the Trail Making Test A&B. Tests were performed before the start of radiation, 6 months (6 m) and 1 year (1y) after irradiation. The Reliable Change Index (RCI) between baseline and follow-up was calculated using reference data from literature. Results 644 patients performed the neurocognitive tests at baseline, 346 at 6 months and 205 at 1y after RT, with compliance rates of 90.4%, 85.6%, and 75.3%, respectively. Reasons for non-compliance were: 1. Patient did not attend appointment (49%), 2. Patient was unable to perform the test due to illness (12%), 3. Patient refused the test (8 %), 4. Various causes, (31%). A semi-automated analysis was developed to evaluate the test results. In total, 26% of patients showed a significant decline in at least one of variables at 1y and 11% on at least 2 variables at 1y. However, an increase in cognitive performance was observed in 49% (≥1 variable) and 22% (≥2 variables). Conclusion Standardized neurocognitive testing within the radiotherapy clinic was successfully implemented, with a high patient compliance. A semi-automatic method to evaluate cognitive changes after treatment was defined. Data collection is ongoing, long term follow-up (up to 5 years after treatment) and dose-effect analysis will be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.M.L. Zegers
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), Maastricht University Medical Center+, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - C. Offermann
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), Maastricht University Medical Center+, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - J. Dijkstra
- Department of Medical Psychology Maastricht University Medical Center+, MHeNs School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - I. Compter
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), Maastricht University Medical Center+, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - F.J.P. Hoebers
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), Maastricht University Medical Center+, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - D. de Ruysscher
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), Maastricht University Medical Center+, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M.M. Anten
- Department of Neurology, GROW – School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - M.P.G. Broen
- Department of Neurology, GROW – School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - A.A. Postma
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, MHeNs School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - A. Hoeben
- Dept of Medical Oncology, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - K.E. Hovinga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - W. Van Elmpt
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), Maastricht University Medical Center+, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - D.B.P. Eekers
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), Maastricht University Medical Center+, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Muizelaar W, van Duinkerken G, Khan Z, Dijkstra J. Evaluation of 3 northwest European seaweed species on enteric methane production and lactational performance of Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00270-9. [PMID: 37225576 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds have been studied for their ability to reduce enteric methane emissions of ruminants when fed as a feed supplement. In vivo research with dairy cattle is mainly limited to the seaweed species Ascophyllum nodosum and Asparagopsis taxiformis, whereas in vitro gas production research covers a broader range of brown, red, and green seaweed species from different regions. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of Chondrus crispus (Rhodophyta), Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyta), and Fucus serratus (Phaeophyta), 3 common northwest European seaweeds, on enteric methane production and lactational performance of dairy cattle. Sixty-four Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle (16 primiparous, 48 multiparous) averaging (mean ± standard deviation) 91 ± 22.6 d in milk and 35.4 ± 8.13 kg/d fat- and protein-corrected milk yield (FPCM) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a randomized complete block design. Cows were fed a partial mixed ration [54.2% grass silage, 20.8% corn silage, and 25.0% concentrate; dry matter (DM) basis] with additional concentrate bait in the milking parlor and the GreenFeed system (C-Lock Inc.). The 4 treatments consisted of a control diet without seaweed supplement (CON), or CON supplemented with 150 g/d (fresh weight of dried seaweed) of either C. crispus (CC), S. latissima (SL), or a 50/50 mix (DM basis) of F. serratus and S. latissima. Milk yield (28.7 vs. 27.5 kg/d, respectively), fat- and protein-corrected milk (FPCM) yield (31.4 vs. 30.2 kg/d, respectively), milk lactose content (4.57 vs. 4.52%, respectively), and lactose yield (1,308 vs. 1,246 g/d, respectively) increased for SL compared with CON. Milk protein content was lower for SL compared with the other treatments. Milk fat and protein contents; yields of fat, protein, lactose, and FPCM; feed efficiency; milk nitrogen efficiency; and somatic cell count did not differ between CON and the other treatments. Depending on week of experiment, milk urea content was higher for SL compared with CON and CC. No effects were observed of the treatments compared with CON for DM intake, number of visits to the GreenFeed, or gas emission (production, yield, or intensity) of CO2, CH4, and H2. In conclusion, the seaweeds evaluated did not decrease enteric CH4 emissions and did not negatively affect feed intake and lactational performance of dairy cattle. Milk yield, FPCM yield, milk lactose content, and lactose yield increased, and milk protein content decreased, with S. latissima.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Muizelaar
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands; Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - G van Duinkerken
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Z Khan
- Foundation BlueO2, Oude Haagweg 679, 2552 GM Den Haag, the Netherlands
| | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Lee C, Beauchemin K, Dijkstra J, Morris D, Nichols K, Kononoff P, Vyas D. Estimates of daily oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide and methane emissions, and heat production for beef and dairy cattle using spot gas sampling. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:9623-9638. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Van Driest F, Van Der Geest RJ, Dijkstra J, Jukema JW, Scholte AJHA, Broersen A. Automatic quantification of plaque progression dynamics as assessed by serial coronary computed tomography angiography using scan-quality-based vessel specific thresholds. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Use of serial coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) allows for the early assessment of coronary plaque progression which may aid in the prevention of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). However, assessment of serial CCTA is done by using anatomical landmarks for matching baseline and follow-up scans. Recently, a tool has been developed allowing for automatic quantification of plaque progression dynamics in serial CCTA utilizing plaque delineation.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine the thresholds that define whether there is plaque progression and/or regression. These thresholds depend on the contrast to noise ratio (CNR) which is an objective marker for scan quality as the latter impacts the plaque delineation.
Methods
Thresholds and CNR ratios were determined on 50 patients referred for a CCTA due to thoracic complaints. Two scan phases were selected from each patient in which maximum and minimum differences in plaque delineation were measured. Also, CNR was calculated separately for all three major epicardial coronary vessels. A total of 100 scans were analyzed in the current analysis accounting for a total of 300 coronary vessels. First, vessel and lumen wall delineation was done semi-automatically for all major epicardial coronary vessels. Secondly, manual drawings of 7 regions of interest (ROI) per scan were used to quantify scan quality which was defined using the CNR and calculated for each vessel separately.
As plaque differences of two scans at the same moment in time should always be zero, the minimum and maximum difference in plaque delineation was used in these scans along with the CNR in order to create calibration graphs on which a linear regression analysis was performed (Figure 1, charts A & B). Inter-observer measurements were calculated using Pearson's correlation coefficient.
Results
A total of 300 coronary vessels were assessed at CCTA. Semi-automatic vessel and lumen wall delineation as well as CNR calculation was successful in all cases. Subsequent linear regression analysis performed on the CNR and maximal and minimal plaque delineation differences and taking into account the standard error of the estimate revealed the following formulas for minimum and maximum cut-off values:
Max = [(0.660 − (002 × CNR)] + 0.349
Min = [(−1.028 + (0.012 × CNR)) − 0.61
The average CNR values was 13.4±3.6. Average maximum and minimum difference in plaque delineation was 0.7±0.3mm and −0.9±0.6mm respectively. The inter-observer correlation for CNR values was excellent yielding a correlation coefficient of 0.872 (p<0.001). The importance of using thresholds and subsequent calculation of vessel specific cutoff values is demonstrated in Figure 2.
Conclusion
Development of vessel-specific quality-based thresholds for the quantification and visualization of plaque progression dynamics as assessed by serial CCTA seems feasible and may aid in the early detection of atherosclerosis progression.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Van Driest
- Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | | | - J Dijkstra
- Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - J W Jukema
- Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | | | - A Broersen
- Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
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Bougouin A, Hristov A, Dijkstra J, Aguerre MJ, Ahvenjärvi S, Arndt C, Bannink A, Bayat AR, Benchaar C, Boland T, Brown WE, Crompton LA, Dehareng F, Dufrasne I, Eugène M, Froidmont E, van Gastelen S, Garnsworthy PC, Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau A, Herremans S, Huhtanen P, Johansen M, Kidane A, Kreuzer M, Kuhla B, Lessire F, Lund P, Minnée EMK, Muñoz C, Niu M, Nozière P, Pacheco D, Prestløkken E, Reynolds CK, Schwarm A, Spek JW, Terranova M, Vanhatalo A, Wattiaux MA, Weisbjerg MR, Yáñez-Ruiz DR, Yu Z, Kebreab E. Prediction of nitrogen excretion from data on dairy cows fed a wide range of diets compiled in an intercontinental database: A meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7462-7481. [PMID: 35931475 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Manure nitrogen (N) from cattle contributes to nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions and nitrate leaching. Measurement of manure N outputs on dairy farms is laborious, expensive, and impractical at large scales; therefore, models are needed to predict N excreted in urine and feces. Building robust prediction models requires extensive data from animals under different management systems worldwide. Thus, the study objectives were (1) to collate an international database of N excretion in feces and urine based on individual lactating dairy cow data from different continents; (2) to determine the suitability of key variables for predicting fecal, urinary, and total manure N excretion; and (3) to develop robust and reliable N excretion prediction models based on individual data from lactating dairy cows consuming various diets. A raw data set was created based on 5,483 individual cow observations, with 5,420 fecal N excretion and 3,621 urine N excretion measurements collected from 162 in vivo experiments conducted by 22 research institutes mostly located in Europe (n = 14) and North America (n = 5). A sequential approach was taken in developing models with increasing complexity by incrementally adding variables that had a significant individual effect on fecal, urinary, or total manure N excretion. Nitrogen excretion was predicted by fitting linear mixed models including experiment as a random effect. Simple models requiring dry matter intake (DMI) or N intake performed better for predicting fecal N excretion than simple models using diet nutrient composition or milk performance parameters. Simple models based on N intake performed better for urinary and total manure N excretion than those based on DMI, but simple models using milk urea N (MUN) and N intake performed even better for urinary N excretion. The full model predicting fecal N excretion had similar performance to simple models based on DMI but included several independent variables (DMI, diet crude protein content, diet neutral detergent fiber content, milk protein), depending on the location, and had root mean square prediction errors as a fraction of the observed mean values of 19.1% for intercontinental, 19.8% for European, and 17.7% for North American data sets. Complex total manure N excretion models based on N intake and MUN led to prediction errors of about 13.0% to 14.0%, which were comparable to models based on N intake alone. Intercepts and slopes of variables in optimal prediction equations developed on intercontinental, European, and North American bases differed from each other, and therefore region-specific models are preferred to predict N excretion. In conclusion, region-specific models that include information on DMI or N intake and MUN are required for good prediction of fecal, urinary, and total manure N excretion. In absence of intake data, region-specific complex equations using easily and routinely measured variables to predict fecal, urinary, or total manure N excretion may be used, but these equations have lower performance than equations based on intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bougouin
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616.
| | - A Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16803
| | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M J Aguerre
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - S Ahvenjärvi
- Animal Nutrition, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - C Arndt
- Mazingira Centre, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - A Bannink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - A R Bayat
- Animal Nutrition, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - C Benchaar
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1M 0C8
| | - T Boland
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - W E Brown
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706-1205; Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - L A Crompton
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, United Kingdom
| | - F Dehareng
- Department of Valorisation of Agricultural Products, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - I Dufrasne
- Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - M Eugène
- INRAE - Université Clermont Auvergne - VetAgroSup UMR 1213 Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores, Centre de recherche Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Theix, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - E Froidmont
- Department of Valorisation of Agricultural Products, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - S van Gastelen
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - P C Garnsworthy
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - A Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Herremans
- Department of Valorisation of Agricultural Products, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - P Huhtanen
- Department of Agricultural Science for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M Johansen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU Foulum, Dk-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - A Kidane
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - M Kreuzer
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Kuhla
- Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Dummerstorf, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - F Lessire
- Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - P Lund
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU Foulum, Dk-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - E M K Minnée
- DairyNZ Ltd., Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, New Zealand 3240
| | - C Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Remehue, Ruta 5 S, Osorno, Chile
| | - M Niu
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616; Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P Nozière
- INRAE - Université Clermont Auvergne - VetAgroSup UMR 1213 Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores, Centre de recherche Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Theix, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - D Pacheco
- Ag Research, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - E Prestløkken
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - C K Reynolds
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, United Kingdom
| | - A Schwarm
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - J W Spek
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Terranova
- AgroVet-Strickhof, ETH Zurich, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
| | - A Vanhatalo
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M A Wattiaux
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706-1205
| | - M R Weisbjerg
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU Foulum, Dk-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - D R Yáñez-Ruiz
- Estación Experimental del Zaidin, CSIC, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Z Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - E Kebreab
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616
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9
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Brisson V, Girard CL, Metcalf JA, Castagnino DS, Dijkstra J, Ellis JL. Meta-analysis of apparent ruminal synthesis and postruminal flow of B vitamins in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7399-7415. [PMID: 35879170 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As milk production has significantly increased over the past decade(s), existing estimates of the B-vitamin needs of the modern dairy cow are currently being reconsidered, as suboptimal B-vitamin supply may affect metabolic efficiency. At the same time, however, "true" (i.e., biologically active forms, excluding nonfunctional analogs) B-vitamin supply also cannot be adequately estimated by dietary intake, as the rumen microbiota has been shown to play a significant role in synthesis and utilization of B vitamins. Given their complex impact on the metabolism of dairy cows, incorporating these key nutrients into the next generation of mathematical models could help to better predict animal production and performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to generate hypotheses of regulation in the absence of supplemental B vitamins by creating empirical models, through a meta-analysis, to describe true B-vitamin supply to the cow (postruminal flow, PRF) and apparent ruminal synthesis (ARS). The database used for this meta-analysis consisted of 340 individual cow observations from 15 studies with 16 experiments, where diet and postruminal digesta samples were (post hoc) analyzed for content of B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12). Equations of univariate and multivariate linear form were considered. Models describing ARS considered dry matter intake (DMI, kg/d), B-vitamin dietary concentration [mg/kg of dry matter (DM)] and rumen-level variables such as rumen digestible neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and starch (g/kg of DM), total volatile fatty acids (VFA, mM), acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate molar proportions (% of VFA), mean pH, and fractional rates of degradation of NDF and starch (%/h). Models describing PRF considered dietary-level driving variables such as DMI, B-vitamin dietary concentration (mg/kg of DM), starch and crude protein (g/kg of DM) and forage NDF (g/kg of DM). Equations developed were required to contain all significant slope parameters and contained no significant collinearity between driving variables. Concordance correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the models on the developmental data set due to data scarcity. Overall, modeling ARS yielded better-performing models compared with modeling PRF, and DMI was included in all prediction equations as a scalar variable. The B-vitamin dietary concentration had a negative effect on the ARS of B1, B2, B3, and B6 but increased the PRF of B2 and B9. The rumen digestible NDF concentration had a negative effect on the ARS of B2, B3, and B6, whereas rumen digestible starch concentration had a negative effect on the ARS of B1 and a positive effect on the ARS of B9. In the best prediction models, the dietary starch increased PRF of B1, B2, and B9 but decreased PRF of B12. The equations developed may be used to better understand the effect of diet and ruminal environment on the true supply of B vitamins to the dairy cow and stimulate the development of better-defined requirements in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Brisson
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - C L Girard
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, J1M 1Z3, Canada
| | - J A Metcalf
- Trouw Nutrition Canada, Guelph, ON, N1G 4T2, Canada
| | | | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J L Ellis
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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10
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Nichols K, Dijkstra J, Breuer MJH, Lemosquet S, Gerrits WJJ, Bannink A. Essential amino acid profile of supplemental metabolizable protein affects mammary gland metabolism and whole-body glucose kinetics in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7354-7372. [PMID: 35863921 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated mammary gland metabolism and whole-body (WB) rate of appearance (Ra) of glucose in dairy cattle in response to a constant supplemental level of metabolizable protein (MP) composed of different essential AA (EAA) profiles. Five multiparous rumen-fistulated Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (2.8 ± 0.4 lactations; 81 ± 11 d in milk; mean ± standard deviation) were abomasally infused according to a 5 × 5 Latin square design with saline (SAL) or 562 g/d of EAA delivered in different profiles where individual AA content corresponded to their relative content in casein. The profiles consisted of (1) a complete EAA mixture (EAAC), (2) Ile, Leu, and Val (ILV), (3) His, Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Trp, Val (GR1+ILV), and (4) Arg, His, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Trp (GR1+ALT). A total mixed ration (58% corn silage, 16% alfalfa hay, and 26% concentrate on a dry matter basis) was formulated to meet 100 and 83% of net energy and MP requirements, respectively, and was fed at 90% of ad libitum intake on an individual cow basis. Each experimental period consisted of 5 d of continuous abomasal infusion followed by 2 d of no infusion. Arterial and venous blood samples were collected on d 4 of each period for determination of mammary gland AA and glucose metabolism. On d 5 of each period, D-[U-13C]glucose (13 mmol priming dose; continuous 3.5 mmol/h for 520 min) was infused into a jugular vein and arterial blood samples were collected before and during infusion to determine WB Ra of glucose. Milk protein yield did not differ between EAAC, GR1+ILV, and GR1+ALT, or between SAL and ILV, and increased over SAL and ILV with EAAC and GR1+ILV. Mammary plasma flow increased with ILV infusion compared with EAAC and GR1+ILV. Infusion of EAAC tended to increase mammary gland net uptake of total EAA and decreased the mammary uptake to milk protein output ratio (U:O) of non-EAA compared with SAL. Infusion of ILV increased mammary net uptake and U:O of Ile, Leu, and Val markedly over all treatments. The U:O of total Ile, Leu, and Val increased numerically (25%) with GR1+ILV infusion compared with EAAC, and the U:O of total Arg, Lys, and Thr tended to decrease, primarily from decreased U:O of Lys. During GR1+ALT infusion, U:O of total Arg, Lys, and Thr was greater than that during EAAC infusion, whereas U:O of Ile, Leu, and Val did not differ from EAAC. Glucose WB Ra increased 16% with GR1+ALT over SAL, and increased numerically 8 and 12% over SAL with EAAC and GR1+ILV, respectively. The average proportion of lactose yield relative to glucose WB Ra did not differ across treatments and averaged 0.53. On average, 28% of milk galactose arose from nonglucose precursors, regardless of treatment. In conclusion, intramammary catabolism of group 2 AA increased to support milk component synthesis when the EAA profile of MP was incomplete with respect to casein. Further, WB and mammary gland glucose metabolism was flexible in support of milk component synthesis, regardless of absorptive EAA profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nichols
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M J H Breuer
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S Lemosquet
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint Gilles, France
| | - W J J Gerrits
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - A Bannink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
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11
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van Driest FY, Bijns CM, van der Geest RJ, Broersen A, Dijkstra J, Scholte AJHA, Jukema JW. Utilizing (serial) coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) to predict plaque progression and major adverse cardiac events (MACE): results, merits and challenges. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:3408-3422. [PMID: 34997285 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To present an overview of studies using serial coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) as a tool for finding both quantitative (changes) and qualitative plaque characteristics as well as epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume changes as predictors of plaque progression and/or major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and outline the challenges and advantages of using a serial non-invasive imaging approach for assessing cardiovascular prognosis. METHODS A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Emcare. All observational cohort studies were assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The NOS score was then converted into Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) standards: good, fair and poor. RESULTS A total of 36 articles were analyzed for this review, 3 of which were meta-analyses and one was a technical paper. Quantitative baseline plaque features seem to be more predictive of MACE and/or plaque progression as compared to qualitative plaque features. CONCLUSIONS A critical review of the literature focusing on studies utilizing serial CCTA revealed that mainly quantitative baseline plaque features and quantitative plaque changes are predictive of MACE and/or plaque progression contrary to qualitative plaque features. Significant questions regarding the clinical implications of these specific quantitative and qualitative plaque features as well as the challenges of using serial CCTA have yet to be resolved in studies using this imaging technique. KEY POINTS • Use of (serial) CCTA can identify plaque characteristics and plaque changes as well as changes in EAT volume that are predictive of plaque progression and/or major adverse events (MACE) at follow-up. • Studies utilizing serial CCTA revealed that mainly quantitative baseline plaque features and quantitative plaque changes are predictive of MACE and/or plaque progression contrary to qualitative plaque features. • Ultimately, serial CCTA is a promising technique for the evaluation of cardiovascular prognosis, yet technical details remain to be refined.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Y van Driest
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden Heart-Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C M Bijns
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden Heart-Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R J van der Geest
- Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A Broersen
- Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Dijkstra
- Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A J H A Scholte
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden Heart-Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J W Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden Heart-Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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12
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van Driest F, Bijns C, van der Geest R, Broersen A, Dijkstra J, Jukema J, Scholte A. Correlation between quantification of myocardial area at risk and ischemic burden at cardiac computed tomography. Eur J Radiol Open 2022; 9:100417. [PMID: 35402660 PMCID: PMC8983940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2022.100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to investigate the correlation between myocardial area at risk at coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and the ischemic burden derived from myocardial computed tomography perfusion (CTP) by using the 17-segment model. Methods Forty-two patients with chest pain complaints who underwent a combined CCTA and CTP protocol were identified. Patients with reversible ischemia at CTP and at least one stenosis of ≥ 50% at CCTA were selected. Myocardial area at risk was calculated using a Voronoi-based segmentation algorithm at CCTA and was defined as the sum of all territories related to a ≥ 50% stenosis as a percentage of the total left ventricular (LV) mass. The latter was calculated using LV contours which were automatically drawn using a machine learning algorithm. Subsequently, the ischemic burden was defined as the number of segments demonstrating relative hypoperfusion as a percentage of the total amount of segments (=17). Finally, correlations were tested between the myocardial area at risk and the ischemic burden using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results A total of 77 coronary lesions were assessed. Average myocardial area at risk and ischemic burden for all lesions was 59% and 23%, respectively. Correlations for ≥ 50% and ≥ 70% stenosis based myocardial area at risk compared to ischemic burden were moderate (r = 0.564; p < 0.01) and good (r = 0.708; p < 0.01), respectively. Conclusion The relation between myocardial area at risk as calculated by using a Voronoi-based algorithm at CCTA and ischemic burden as assessed by CTP is dependent on stenosis severity.
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13
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Weyers S, Capmas P, Huberlant S, Dijkstra J, Hooker A, Hamerlynck T, Debras E, De Tayrac R, Thurkow A, Fernandez H. Safety & Efficacy of Womed Leaf™, a Novel Barrier Film to Prevent Intrauterine Adhesions after Hysteroscopic Myomectomy: The PREG1 Trial. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2021.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Van Driest F, Van Der Geest RJ, Broersen A, Dijkstra J, El Mahdiui M, Jukema JW, Scholte AJHA. Quantification of myocardial ischemia and subtended myocardial mass at adenosine stress cardiac computed tomography. A feasibility study. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Combination of computed tomography angiography (CTA) and adenosine stress CT myocardial perfusion (CTP) allows for coronary artery lesion assessment as well as myocardial ischemia. Nowadays, ischemia on CTP is assessed semi-quantitatively by visual analysis. The aim of this study was to fully quantify myocardial ischemia and the subtended myocardial mass on CTP.
Methods
We included 33 patients referred for a combined CTA and adenosine stress CTP with good or excellent imaging quality on CTP. Firstly, the coronary artery tree was automatically extracted from CTA and the relevant coronary artery lesions (≥50%) were manually defined (Fig. 1A). Secondly, epi- and endocardial contours along with CTP deficits were manually defined in short-axis images (Fig. 1D, 1E). Thirdly, a Voronoi-based algorithm was used to quantify the subtended myocardial mass (Fig. 1B). Fourthly, the perfusion defect and subtended myocardial mass were spatially registered to the CTA and measured in grams (Fig. 1F, 1C). Finally, this can be used to quantitatively correlate the perfusion defect to the subtended myocardial mass.
Results
Voronoi-based segmentation was successful in all cases. We assessed a total of 64 relevant coronary artery lesions. Average values for left ventricular mass, total subtended mass and perfusion defect mass were 118, 69 and 7 grams respectively. In 19/33 patients (58%) the total perfusion defect mass could be distributed over the relevant coronary artery lesion(s).
Conclusions
Quantification of myocardial ischemia and subtended myocardial mass using a Voronoi-based segmentation algorithm seem feasible at adenosine stress CTP and allows for quantitative correlation of coronary artery lesions to corresponding areas of myocardial hypoperfusion.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1
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Affiliation(s)
- F Van Driest
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (The)
| | | | - A Broersen
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (The)
| | - J Dijkstra
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (The)
| | - M El Mahdiui
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (The)
| | - J W Jukema
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (The)
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15
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Keanthao P, Goselink RMA, Dijkstra J, Bannink A, Schonewille JT. Effects of dietary phosphorus concentration during the transition period on plasma calcium concentrations, feed intake, and milk production in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:11646-11659. [PMID: 34454751 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to evaluate the effects of a low or high dietary phosphorus (P) concentration during the dry period, followed by either a high or low dietary P concentration during the first 8 wk of lactation, on plasma Ca concentrations, feed intake, and lactational performance of dairy cattle. Sixty pregnant multiparous Holstein Friesian dairy cows were assigned to a randomized block design with repeated measurements and dietary treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial fashion. The experimental diets contained 3.6 (Dry-HP) or 2.2 (Dry-LP) g of P/kg of dry matter (DM) during the dry period, and 3.8 (Lac-HP) or 2.9 (Lac-LP) g of P/kg of DM during 56 d after calving period. In dry cows, plasma Ca concentrations were 3.3% greater when cows were fed 2.2 instead of 3.6 g of P/kg of DM. The proportion of cows being hypocalcemic (plasma Ca concentrations <2 mM) in the first week after calving was lowest with the low-P diets both during the dry period and lactation. Plasma Ca concentrations in wk 1 to 8 after calving were affected by dietary P level in the dry period and in the lactation period, but no interaction between both was present. Feeding Dry-LP instead of Dry-HP diets resulted in 4.1% greater plasma Ca values, and feeding Lac-LP instead of Lac-HP diets resulted in 4.0% greater plasma Ca values. After calving, plasma inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentrations were affected by a 3-way interaction between sampling day after calving, and dietary P levels during the dry period and lactation. From d 1 to d 7 postpartum, cows fed Lac-HP had increased plasma Pi concentrations, and the rate appeared to be greater in cows fed Dry-LP versus Dry-HP. In contrast, plasma Pi concentrations decreased from d 1 to d 7 postpartum in cows fed Lac-LP, and this decrease was at a higher rate for cows fed Dry-HP versus Dry-LP. After d 7, plasma Pi concentrations remained rather constant at 1.5 to 1.6 mM when cows received Lac-HP, whereas with Lac-LP plasma Pi concentrations reached stable levels (i.e., 1.3-1.4 mM) at d 28 after calving. Milk production, DM intake, and milk concentrations of P, Ca, fat, protein, and lactose were not affected by any interaction nor the levels of dietary P. It is concluded that the feeding of diets containing 2.2 g of P/kg of DM during the last 6 wk of the dry period and 2.9 g of P/kg of DM during early lactation increased plasma Ca levels when compared with greater dietary P levels. These low-P diets may be instrumental in preventing hypocalcemia in periparturient cows and do not compromise DM intake and milk production. Current results suggest that P requirements in dairy cows during dry period and early lactation can be fine-tuned toward lower values than recommended by both the National Research Council and the Dutch Central Bureau for Livestock Feeding. Caution however is warranted to extrapolate current findings to entire lactations because long-term effects of feeding low-P diets containing 2.9 of g/kg of DM on production and health needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Keanthao
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - R M A Goselink
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Wageningen Livestock Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - A Bannink
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Wageningen Livestock Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J T Schonewille
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
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van Keulen P, McCoard SA, Dijkstra J, Swansson H, Khan MA. Effect of postpartum collection time and colostrum quality on passive transfer of immunity, performance, and small intestinal development in preweaning calves. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:11931-11944. [PMID: 34419279 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of postpartum collection time and quality of colostrum fed to calves on the failure of passive transfer, growth, and small intestine development in the first 5 wk of life. Newborn calves (Holstein-Friesian × Jersey) were identified at birth and collected either early (E; within 12 h postpartum; n = 20) or late (L; 18-24 h postpartum; n = 20) and fed either high-quality colostrum [HQC, first milking colostrum with Brix% = 23 ± standard deviation (SD) 2] or low-quality colostrum (LQC, mixed colostrum and transition milk with Brix% = 12 ± 1) to create 4 treatments: E-HQC, E-LQC, L-HQC, and L-LQC (n = 10/treatment). After collection, calves (body weight = 32.3 ± 4.6 kg/calf) were fed either HQC or LQC (7.5% of their arrival body weight per feed) for the first 3 (L calves) or 4 feedings (E calves). All calves were then managed and fed similarly using automatic feeders which recorded individual intake of milk replacer and calf starter. Blood samples were taken at d 1 (after collection from dams but before colostrum feeding), 4, 14, and 35 of age to analyze selected metabolites. All calves were killed at d 35 ± 2 of age and histomorphology of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum was evaluated. At collection, 75% of E calves and 58% of L calves had serum total protein ≤52 g/L. At d 4 of age, calves fed HQC had greater serum total protein than calves fed LQC; however, failure of passive transfer (serum total protein ≤52 g/L) incidence did not differ between HQC and LQC. Collection time did not affect the scouring duration, but the amount of electrolyte used to treat sick calves was lower in L versus E calves, whereas feeding HQC versus LQC lowered both the scouring duration and electrolyte use to treat sick calves. Calves fed HQC had a greater total surface area of the duodenum (+23%) and jejunum (+17%) compared with LQC calves. Duodenal crypts were deeper in E-LQC calves than E-HQC and L-HQC calves, whereas L-LQC calves were intermediate. Villus height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum was greater in HQC than LQC calves. A trend toward greater average daily gain was observed in HQC versus LQC calves (667 vs. 590 g/d) but the average daily gain was not influenced by collection time. Serum IGF-1 at d 4 was higher in HQC versus LQC calves and this might have contributed to greater average daily gain and small intestine development. Calves fed HQC had higher feed conversion ratios (FCR; total body weight gain/total dry matter intake) compared with LQC calves, and L calves had higher FCR compared with E calves. In conclusion, in comparison to feeding LQC, feeding HQC reduced the scouring duration, enhanced surface area of duodenum and jejunum, and improved FCR during the first 5 wk of calf age. Postpartum collection time of calves did not affect small intestine development, but L calves had higher FCR and required a lesser volume of electrolytes to treat scours compared with E calves during the first 35 d of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- P van Keulen
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S A McCoard
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - H Swansson
- Animal Health Team, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - M A Khan
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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Zegers C, Offermann C, Dijkstra J, Compter I, Hoebers F, de Ruysscher D, Anten M, Backes W, Postma A, van Elmpt W, Eekers D. PH-0603 Clinical implementation of standardized neuro-cognitive assessment after radiation to the brain. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Offermann C, Zegers C, Dijkstra J, Hoebers F, Compter I, de Ruysscher D, Anten M, van Elmpt W, Eekers D. PD-0797 Large scale implementation of standardized neurocognitive testing in clinical routine practice. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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van Driest F, van der Geest R, Broersen A, Dijkstra J, el Mahdiui M, Jukema W, Scholte A. Quantification Of Myocardial Ischemia And Subtended Myocardial Mass At Adenosine Stress Cardiac Computed Tomography. A Feasibility Study. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2021.06.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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van Driest FY, van der Geest RJ, Broersen A, Dijkstra J, El Mahdiui M, Jukema JW, Scholte AJHA. Quantification of myocardial ischemia and subtended myocardial mass at adenosine stress cardiac computed tomography: a feasibility study. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 37:3313-3322. [PMID: 34160721 PMCID: PMC8557181 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-021-02314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Combination of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and adenosine stress CT myocardial perfusion (CTP) allows for coronary artery lesion assessment as well as myocardial ischemia. However, myocardial ischemia on CTP is nowadays assessed semi-quantitatively by visual analysis. The aim of this study was to fully quantify myocardial ischemia and the subtended myocardial mass on CTP. We included 33 patients referred for a combined CCTA and adenosine stress CTP protocol, with good or excellent imaging quality on CTP. The coronary artery tree was automatically extracted from the CCTA and the relevant coronary artery lesions with a significant stenosis (≥ 50%) were manually defined using dedicated software. Secondly, epicardial and endocardial contours along with CT perfusion deficits were semi-automatically defined in short-axis reformatted images using MASS software. A Voronoi-based segmentation algorithm was used to quantify the subtended myocardial mass, distal from each relevant coronary artery lesion. Perfusion defect and subtended myocardial mass were spatially registered to the CTA. Finally, the subtended myocardial mass per lesion, total subtended myocardial mass and perfusion defect mass (per lesion) were measured. Voronoi-based segmentation was successful in all cases. We assessed a total of 64 relevant coronary artery lesions. Average values for left ventricular mass, total subtended mass and perfusion defect mass were 118, 69 and 7 g respectively. In 19/33 patients (58%) the total perfusion defect mass could be distributed over the relevant coronary artery lesion(s). Quantification of myocardial ischemia and subtended myocardial mass seem feasible at adenosine stress CTP and allows to quantitatively correlate coronary artery lesions to corresponding areas of myocardial hypoperfusion at CCTA and adenosine stress CTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Y van Driest
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden Heart-Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - R J van der Geest
- Department of Radiology, Division of Image Processing, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - A Broersen
- Department of Radiology, Division of Image Processing, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J Dijkstra
- Department of Radiology, Division of Image Processing, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - M El Mahdiui
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden Heart-Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J W Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden Heart-Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - A J H A Scholte
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden Heart-Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands.
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21
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Razzi F, Regar E, Dijkstra J, Witberg K, Ligthart J, Ramlal S, Stam M, Krabbendam-Peters I, Hoogendoorn A, Duncker D, Van Esch J, Wentzel J, Van Soest G, Van Steijn V, Van Beusekom H. Relation between pre-existing plaque size and neointimal healing in an adult porcine model of familial hypercholesterolemia. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Despite the efficacy of novel drug eluting stents (DES) in preventing restenosis, this complication still occurs, as do neo-atherosclerosis development and poor stent strut coverage that are associated with stent thrombosis. Safety and efficacy of novel coronary stents are preclinically being tested using an established porcine coronary model. However, the use of young healthy animal only allow limited conclusions to be drawn on the long-term effects, as the artieries do not reflect human pathology of advanced atherosclerosis. A key unresolved question is whether and how the presence, size and composition of pre-existing atherosclerotic plaque affect neointimal healing.
Purpose
The objective of this study is to understand the role of atherosclerotic plaque in neointimal response following DES placement in a large animal model of coronary artery disease by using optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis.
Methods
The study was approved by the animal ethics committee. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) swine (n=6 Bretoncelles-Meishan) were given a high fat diet for 12 months to develop atherosclerosis. Stents (n=14) were implanted in n=14 coronary arteries under guidance of OCT with a stent-artery ratio of 1.1:1 at sites of atherosclerotic plaque, and animals were sacrificed after 28 days. Two types of Sirolimus eluting stents with different release profiles were implanted. Serial OCT pullbacks were taken before and after stent placement and after 28 days (follow-up), quantitatively analyzed and compared using dedicated software. The lumen area, stent area, plaque size (calculated as external elastic lamina (EEL) area - lumen area) and neointima (calculated as stent area – lumen area) were evaluated for each frame and averaged per stent. The plaque burden before stent implantation was evaluated at the same site of stent placement using coronary side branches as reference.
Results
The graph shows the association between the pre-existing plaque size before stenting and neointima formation after 28 days. Surprisingly, more pre-existing plaque size resulted in less neointima (P<0.01). There was one outlier, a stent with long dissection and extensive malapposition at baseline which showed an excessive tissue response at follow-up. The response in this animal model shows similarity to human vessel response as both regions with thin neointima formation as well as poor strut coverage were observed for both stent types.
Conclusion
The novel model of adult FH swine shows long-term vessel response to DES, that is similar to human response. This work shows that pre-existing atherosclerotic plaque affects the neointima after DES implantation. This insight highlights the necessity to use relevant disease models for safety and efficacy testing.
Plaque size and neointima relation
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw)
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Affiliation(s)
- F Razzi
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | - E Regar
- Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - J Dijkstra
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (The)
| | - K Witberg
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | - J Ligthart
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | - S.A Ramlal
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | - M Stam
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | | | - A Hoogendoorn
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | - D.J Duncker
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | - J Van Esch
- TU Delft, Product and Process Engineering, Delft, Netherlands (The)
| | - J.J Wentzel
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | - G Van Soest
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | - V Van Steijn
- TU Delft, Product and Process Engineering, Delft, Netherlands (The)
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22
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Otsuka K, Villiger M, Van Zandvoort L, Neleman T, Karanasos A, Dijkstra J, Nadkarni S, Regar E, Daemen J, Bouma B. Polarization-sensitive OFDI findings of vascular tissue response following drug-eluting stent implantation in patients with coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Intravascular polarimetry (IVP) with polarization-sensitive (PS-) optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) measures polarization properties of the coronary arterial wall in parallel with the conventional OFDI images (Figure 1A). Tissues rich in collagen and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) appear birefringent, while the presence of lipid and macrophages causes depolarization. Because drug-eluting stents (DES) are designed to prevent SMC proliferation and collagen deposition, we hypothesized that neointimal tissue would exhibit low birefringence. The accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages characteristic of neoatherosclerosis should result in notable depolarization.
Methods
This study included 19 DES imaged with PS-OFDI in 13 patients (median follow-up period of 1.5 years). Coronary segments stented >90 days were analyzed every 1 mm. We analyzed polarization properties of the neointima in a total of 455 frames, and in additional 97 frames of native atherosclerosis remote from the stented segments. Neointima, delineated by the lumen and the inner boundary of the stent, was manually segmented in the intensity images using MATLAB. The median birefringence in all areas of the segmented neointima featuring a depolarization of ≤0.2 and the median depolarization across the entire neointima were computed for each frame after masking the guidewire shadow. Frames presenting intensity features of macrophages, lipid or calcifications extending to at least one adjacent frame were classified as neoatherosclerosis (n=112), and otherwise as normal neointima (n=343). For comparison with neoatherosclerosis, polarization properties of native atherosclerosis (n=97) were measured. We also categorized all frames of a stented segment according to the presence of in-stent restenosis (ISR) and/or stent thrombosis (ST) (204 frames from 5 patients). A generalized linear model using a generalized estimating equation or one-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.
Results
The major findings of the present study are: 1) neoatherosclerosis exhibited lower birefringence than native atherosclerosis (p<0.001, Figure-1B); 2) depolarization was positively associated with neoatherosclerosis (β=0.86, p<0.001) and ISR/ST (β=0.72, p=0.002), while birefringence was not (Figure 1C); 3) birefringence was positively correlated with the duration after DES implantation (β=5.22×10–3, p<0.001, Figure 1D). For the detection of neointimas within stents with ISR, the best cut-off value for depolarization was 0.033 with a sensitivity of 77% and a specificity of 57% (AUC=0.72). For comparison, using only conventional OFDI parameters to detect stents with ISR, the AUC were 0.52 for calcium area, 0.62 for lipid arc, and 0.63 for macrophage accumulations.
Conclusions
This study suggests that IVP provides quantitative assessment of vascular healing after DES implantation and may help clinical decision making in patients at high risk of stent failure.
Figure 1
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Otsuka
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - M Villiger
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - L.J.C Van Zandvoort
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | - T Neleman
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | - A Karanasos
- University of Athens, 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - J Dijkstra
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden, Netherlands (The)
| | - S.K Nadkarni
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - E Regar
- University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Daemen
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | - B.E Bouma
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
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Daniel JB, Van Laar H, Dijkstra J, Sauvant D. Evaluation of predicted ration nutritional values by NRC (2001) and INRA (2018) feed evaluation systems, and implications for the prediction of milk response. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:11268-11284. [PMID: 33010908 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Net energy and protein systems (hereafter called feed evaluation systems) offer the possibility to formulate rations by matching feed values (e.g., net energy and metabolizable protein) with animal requirements. The accuracy and precision of this approach relies heavily on the quantification of various animal digestive and metabolic responses to dietary changes. Therefore, the aims of the current study were, first, to evaluate the predicted responses to dietary changes of total-tract digestibility (including organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber) and nitrogen (N) flows at the duodenum (including microbial N and undigested feed N together with endogenous N) against measurements from published studies by 2 different feed evaluation systems. These feed evaluation systems were the recently updated Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA, 2018) and the older, yet widely used, National Research Council (NRC, 2001) system. The second objective was to estimate the accuracy and precision of predicting milk yield responses based on values of net energy (NEL) and metabolizable protein (MP) supply predicted by the 2 feed evaluation systems. For this, published studies, with experimentally induced changes in either NEL or MP content, were used to calibrate the relationship of NEL and MP supply, with milk component yields. Based on the slope, root mean square prediction error, and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), the results obtained show that total nonammonia nitrogen flow at the duodenum was predicted with similar accuracy and precision, but considerably better prediction was achieved when the INRA model was used to predict organic matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibility responses. The average NEL and MP content predicted by both models was similar, but NEL and MP content of individual diets differed substantially between both models as indicated by determination coefficients of 0.45 (NEL content) and 0.50 (MP content). Despite these differences, this work shows that when response equations are calibrated with NEL and MP values either from the INRA model or from the NRC model, the accuracy and precision (slope, root mean square prediction error, and CCC) of the predicted milk component yields responses is similar between the models. The lowest accuracy and precision were observed for milk fat yield response, with CCC values in the range of 0.37 to 0.40, compared with milk lactose and protein yields responses for which CCC values were in the range of 0.75 to 0.81.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Daniel
- Trouw Nutrition Research and Development, PO Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands.
| | - H Van Laar
- Trouw Nutrition Research and Development, PO Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - D Sauvant
- UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France
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24
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Feng XY, Dijkstra J, Bannink A, van Gastelen S, France J, Kebreab E. Antimethanogenic effects of nitrate supplementation in cattle: A meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:11375-11385. [PMID: 32981733 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Supplementing a diet with nitrate is regarded as an effective and promising methane (CH4) mitigation strategy by competing with methanogens for available hydrogen through its reduction of ammonia in the rumen. Studies have shown major reductions in CH4 emissions with nitrate supplementation, but with large variation in response. The objective of this study was to quantitatively investigate the effect of dietary nitrate on enteric CH4 production and yield and evaluate the variables with high potential to explain the heterogeneity of between-study variability using meta-analytical models. A data set containing 56 treatments from 24 studies was developed to conduct a meta-analysis. Dry matter (DM) intake, nitrate dose (g/kg of DM), animal body weight, roughage proportion of diet, dietary crude protein and neutral detergent fiber content, CH4 measurement technique, and type of cattle (beef or dairy) were considered as explanatory variables. Average DM intake and CH4 production for dairy cows (16.2 ± 2.93 kg/d; 311 ± 58.8 g/d) were much higher than for beef cattle (8.1 ± 1.57 kg/d; 146 ± 50.9 g/d). Therefore, a relative mean difference was calculated and used to conduct random-effect and mixed-effect model analysis to eliminate the large variations between types of animal due to intake. The final mixed-effect model for CH4 production (g of CH4/d) had 3 explanatory variables and included nitrate dose, type of cattle, and DM intake. The final mixed-effect model for CH4 yield (g of CH4/kg of DM intake) had 2 explanatory variables and included nitrate dose and type of cattle. Nitrate effect sizes on CH4 production (dairy: -20.4 ± 1.89%; beef: -10.1 ± 1.52%) and yield (dairy: -15.5 ± 1.15%; beef: -8.95 ± 1.764%) were significantly different between the 2 types of cattle. When data from slow-release nitrate sources were removed from the analysis, there was no significant difference in type of cattle anymore for CH4 production and yield. Nitrate dose enhanced the mitigating effect of nitrate on CH4 production and yield by 0.911 ± 0.1407% and 0.728 ± 0.2034%, respectively, for every 1 g/kg of DM increase from its mean dietary inclusion (16.7 g/kg of DM). An increase of 1 kg of DM/d in DM intake from its mean dietary intake (11.1 kg of DM/d) decreased the effect of nitrate on CH4 production by 0.691 ± 0.2944%. Overall, this meta-analysis demonstrated that nitrate supplementation reduces CH4 production and yield in a dose-dependent manner, and that elevated DM intake decreases the effect of nitrate supplementation on CH4 production. Furthermore, the stronger antimethanogenic effect on CH4 production and yield in dairy cows than in beef steers could be related to use of slow-release nitrate in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Feng
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - A Bannink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S van Gastelen
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J France
- Centre for Nutrition Modelling, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - E Kebreab
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616.
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van Keulen P, Khan MA, Dijkstra J, Knol F, McCoard SA. Effect of arginine or glutamine supplementation and milk feeding allowance on small intestine development in calves. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:4754-4764. [PMID: 32197854 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of the small intestine (SI) is important for the health and growth of neonatal calves. This study evaluated the effect of arginine (Arg) and glutamine (Gln) supplementation and 2 levels of milk allowance on the histomorphological development of the SI in preweaning calves. Sixty mixed-sex Friesian × Jersey calves (3-5 d of age) were offered reconstituted whole milk (125 g/L, 26% fat, 26% protein) at either high (20% of arrival body weight/d; HM) or low (10% of arrival body weight/d; LM) milk allowance without (Ctrl) or with supplementary Arg or Gln (at 1% of milk dry matter) in a 2 × 3 factorial design (n = 10/treatment). After 35 d on the diets, all calves were slaughtered to collect tissues for examination of SI development. Calves in the HM group had higher milk intake, total weight gain, and average daily gain compared with LM calves, but no effect of AA supplementation nor an interaction between milk allowance and AA supplementation was observed. For the duodenum, we observed an AA by milk allowance interaction for villus height and width, and goblet cell number per villus (HM-Arg > HM-Gln > HM-Ctrl), and villus height to crypt depth ratio (HM-Arg > HM-Gln = HM-Ctrl), but no effect of AA supplementation in the LM group. Goblet cell numbers per 100 µm of SI were greater in Arg-supplemented calves than in unsupplemented controls, with Gln-supplemented calves intermediate to but not different from the other groups. Epithelium thickness was greater in LM than in HM calves. Villus density, crypt depth, and muscle thickness did not differ between groups. For the jejunum, there was an AA by milk allowance interaction for villus height, villus surface area, and villus height to crypt depth ratio (HM-Arg = HM-Gln > HM-Ctrl), with no effect of AA supplementation in the LM groups. Amino acid supplementation affected goblet cell number per villus (HM-Gln > HM-Ctrl calves, HM-Arg intermediate), and both LM-Arg and LM-Gln calves had greater numbers than LM-Ctrl calves. Villus width, crypt depth, and muscle thickness were greater in HM than LM calves but there was no effect of AA supplementation. Villus density, goblet cell number per 100 µm of SI, and epithelium thickness were unaffected by AA supplementation and milk allowance. Milk allowance and AA supplementation had no effect on SI morphology in the ileum. Increasing milk allowance improved villus height, width, and surface area but only in Arg- or Gln-supplemented calves, not in control calves. The observed changes in development may be important for intestinal functionality, integrity, and barrier function in preweaning calves, potentially through increased cell growth and proliferation or reduced levels of cellular atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P van Keulen
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team, AgResearch Grasslands Ltd., Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand; Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M A Khan
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team, AgResearch Grasslands Ltd., Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - F Knol
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team, AgResearch Grasslands Ltd., Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - S A McCoard
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team, AgResearch Grasslands Ltd., Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand.
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Edwards JE, Schennink A, Burden F, Long S, van Doorn DA, Pellikaan WF, Dijkstra J, Saccenti E, Smidt H. Domesticated equine species and their derived hybrids differ in their fecal microbiota. Anim Microbiome 2020; 2:8. [PMID: 33499942 PMCID: PMC7807894 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-020-00027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to horses and ponies, donkeys have increased degradation of dietary fiber. The longer total mean retention time of feed in the donkey gut has been proposed to be the basis of this, because of the increased time available for feed to be acted upon by enzymes and the gut microbiota. However, differences in terms of microbial concentrations and/or community composition in the hindgut may also underpin the increased degradation of fiber in donkeys. Therefore, a study was conducted to assess if differences existed between the fecal microbiota of pony, donkey and hybrids derived from them (i.e. pony × donkey) when fed the same forage diet. RESULTS Fecal community composition of prokaryotes and anaerobic fungi significantly differed between equine types. The relative abundance of two bacterial genera was significantly higher in donkey compared to both pony and pony x donkey: Lachnoclostridium 10 and 'probable genus 10' from the Lachnospiraceae family. The relative abundance of Piromyces was significantly lower in donkey compared to pony × donkey, with pony not significantly differing from either of the other equine types. In contrast, the uncultivated genus SK3 was only found in donkey (4 of the 8 animals). The number of anaerobic fungal OTUs was also significantly higher in donkey than in the other two equine types, with no significant differences found between pony and pony × donkey. Equine types did not significantly differ with respect to prokaryotic alpha diversity, fecal dry matter content or fecal concentrations of bacteria, archaea and anaerobic fungi. CONCLUSIONS Donkey fecal microbiota differed from that of both pony and pony × donkey. These differences related to a higher relative abundance and diversity of taxa with known, or speculated, roles in plant material degradation. These findings are consistent with the previously reported increased fiber degradation in donkeys compared to ponies, and suggest that the hindgut microbiota plays a role. This offers novel opportunities for pony and pony × donkey to extract more energy from dietary fiber via microbial mediated strategies. This could potentially decrease the need for energy dense feeds which are a risk factor for gut-mediated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. E. Edwards
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - A. Schennink
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, Netherlands
- Present address: Micreos Human Health B.V, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - F. Burden
- The Donkey Sanctuary, Sidmouth, Devon EX10 ONU UK
| | - S. Long
- The Donkey Sanctuary, Sidmouth, Devon EX10 ONU UK
| | - D. A. van Doorn
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Equine Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - W. F. Pellikaan
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - J. Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - E. Saccenti
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H. Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, Netherlands
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27
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Edwards JE, Shetty SA, van den Berg P, Burden F, van Doorn DA, Pellikaan WF, Dijkstra J, Smidt H. Multi-kingdom characterization of the core equine fecal microbiota based on multiple equine (sub)species. Anim Microbiome 2020; 2:6. [PMID: 33499982 PMCID: PMC7807809 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-020-0023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine gut microbiology studies to date have primarily focused on horses and ponies, which represent only one of the eight extant equine species. This is despite asses and mules comprising almost half of the world's domesticated equines, and donkeys being superior to horses/ponies in their ability to degrade dietary fiber. Limited attention has also been given to commensal anaerobic fungi and archaea even though anaerobic fungi are potent fiber degrading organisms, the activity of which is enhanced by methanogenic archaea. Therefore, the objective of this study was to broaden the current knowledge of bacterial, anaerobic fungal and archaeal diversity of the equine fecal microbiota to multiple species of equines. Core taxa shared by all the equine fecal samples (n = 70) were determined and an overview given of the microbiota across different equine types (horse, donkey, horse × donkey and zebra). RESULTS Equine type was associated with differences in both fecal microbial concentrations and community composition. Donkey was generally most distinct from the other equine types, with horse and zebra not differing. Despite this, a common bacterial core of eight OTUs (out of 2070) and 16 genus level groupings (out of 231) was found in all the fecal samples. This bacterial core represented a much larger proportion of the equine fecal microbiota than previously reported, primarily due to the detection of predominant core taxa belonging to the phyla Kiritimatiellaeota (formerly Verrucomicrobia subdivision 5) and Spirochaetes. The majority of the core bacterial taxa lack cultured representation. Archaea and anaerobic fungi were present in all animals, however, no core taxon was detected for either despite several taxa being prevalent and predominant. CONCLUSIONS Whilst differences were observed between equine types, a core fecal microbiota existed across all the equines. This core was composed primarily of a few predominant bacterial taxa, the majority of which are novel and lack cultured representation. The lack of microbial cultures representing the predominant taxa needs to be addressed, as their availability is essential to gain fundamental knowledge of the microbial functions that underpin the equine hindgut ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. E. Edwards
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE Netherlands
| | - S. A. Shetty
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE Netherlands
| | - P. van den Berg
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE Netherlands
| | - F. Burden
- The Donkey Sanctuary, Sidmouth, Devon EX10 ONU UK
| | - D. A. van Doorn
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM Netherlands
- Department of Equine Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CL Netherlands
| | - W. F. Pellikaan
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WD Netherlands
| | - J. Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WD Netherlands
| | - H. Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE Netherlands
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Birkhoff WAJ, van Manen L, Dijkstra J, De Kam ML, van Meurs JC, Cohen AF. Correction to: Retinal oximetry and fractal analysis of capillary maps in sickle cell disease patients and matched healthy volunteers. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 258:219-220. [PMID: 31745639 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-019-04512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the published online PDF version, Figure 3 was incorrectly captured the same as Figure 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A J Birkhoff
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Zernikedreef 8, 2333, CL, Leiden, the Netherlands. .,Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands. .,Oogziekenhuis Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - L van Manen
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J Dijkstra
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M L De Kam
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Zernikedreef 8, 2333, CL, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J C van Meurs
- Oogziekenhuis Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A F Cohen
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Zernikedreef 8, 2333, CL, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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29
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Tenekecioglu E, Torii R, Katagiri Y, Dijkstra J, Modolo R, Pekkan K, Bourantas C, Serruys PW. P5631The impact of plaque type on strut embedment/protrusion and shear stress distribution in bioresorbable scaffold. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and aim
Scaffold design and plaque characteristics influence implantation outcomes and local flow dynamics in treated coronary segments. Our aim is to assess the impact of strut embedment/protrusion of bioresorbable scaffold on local shear stress distribution in different atherosclerotic plaque types.
Method
Fifteen Absorb everolimus-eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffolds were implanted in human epicardial coronary arteries. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed post-scaffold implantation and strut embedment/protrusion were analyzed using a dedicated software. OCT data was fused with angiography to reconstruct three-dimensional coronary anatomy. Blood flow simulation was performed and wall shear stress (WSS) was estimated in each scaffolded surface and the relationship between strut embedment/protrusion and WSS was evaluated.
Results
There were 9083 struts analysed. Ninety-seven percent of the struts (n=8840) were well apposed and 243 (3%) were malapposed. At cross-section level (n=1289), strut embedment was significantly increased in fibroatheromatous plaques (76±48μm) and decreased in fibro-calcific plaques (35±52 μm). Compatible with strut embedment, WSS was significantly higher in lipid-rich fibroatheromatous plaques (1.50±0.81Pa), whereas significantly decreased in fibro-calcified plaques (1.05±0.91Pa). After categorization of WSS as low (<1.0 Pa) and normal/high WSS (≥1.0 Pa), the percent of low-WSS in the plaque subgroups were 30.1%, 31.1%, 25.4% and 36.2% for non-diseased vessel wall, fibrous plaque, fibro-atheromatous plaque and fibro-calcific plaque, respectively (p-overall<0.001).
Table 1. Cross-section level Embedment/Protrusion and WSS according to the plaque type Plaque type Embedment depth (μm) Protrusion distance (μm) WSS (Pa) Non-atherosclerotic intimal thickening/normal vessel wall (n=2275) 47±34*Δ¥ 123±34¶Ξπ 1.44±0.9解 Fibrous (n=4191) 53±40*#& 118±38¶Ψ‡ 1.24±0.78αθ∞ Fibroatheromatous (n=2027) 76±48#ΦΔ 94.6±46Ω†Ψπ 1.50±0.81Σ§α Fibro-calcific (n=590) 35±52&Φ¥ 139±50‡†Ξ 1.05±0.91∞£Σ For embedment: *p=0.09, #p<0.001, &p<0.001, Φp<0.0001, Δp<0.0001, ¥p<0.0001. For protrusion: ¶p=0.74, Ξp<0.0001, πp<0.0001, Ψp<0.0001, ‡p<0.0001, †p<0.0001. For WSS: θp<0.001, §p=0.06, £p<0.0001, αp<0.0001, ∞p<0.0001, Ωp<0.0001. n=total strut number in each plaque type, p-values come from mixed-effects regression analysis.
Conclusion
The composition of the underlying plaque influences strut embedment which seems to have effect on WSS. The struts deeply embedded in lipid-rich fibroatheromas plaques resulted in higher WSS compared to the other plaque types.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tenekecioglu
- Erasmus Medical Center, Interventional Cardiology, Rotterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | - R Torii
- University College London, Department of Mechanical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Y Katagiri
- Academic Medical Center of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | - J Dijkstra
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (The)
| | - R Modolo
- Academic Medical Center of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | - K Pekkan
- Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - C Bourantas
- University College London Hospitals, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - P W Serruys
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Denissen S, Van Der Aalst CM, Vonder M, Gratama JW, Adriaansen HJ, Dijkstra J, Kuijpers D, Van Der Harst P, Braam RL, Van Dijkman PRM, Van Bruggen R, Beltman FW, Oudkerk M, De Koning HJ. P3397Risk Or Benefit IN Screening for CArdiovascular disease (ROBINSCA): results from screening for a high cardiovascular disease risk by using a risk prediction model or coronary artery calcium scoring. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The ROBINSCA (Risk Or Benefit IN Screening for CArdiovascular disease) trial is a large-scale population-based randomized controlled screening trial with the aim to investigate whether screening for a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by means of either the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) model or coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring followed by preventive treatment is effective in reducing morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD). This study shows the results of the CVD risks as assessed by the two screening tools.
Methods
Based on the Dutch population registry, 394,058 men aged 45–74 years and women aged 55–74 years received an information brochure, an invitation to participate in the trial, a baseline questionnaire with waist circumference tape and an informed consent form. Eligible individuals with an expected high CVD risk were randomized (1:1:1) into a control arm (n=14,519), intervention arm A (n=14,478) or intervention arm B (n=14,450). In the control arm, usual care was continued. In intervention arm A, participants were screened for a high risk of CVD using the SCORE model based on traditional risk factors. In intervention arm B, CAC scoring after computed tomography scanning was used for screening. After screening en risk communication, preventive treatment according to the Dutch guidelines is advised for high risk persons.
Results
Screening uptake was 84.2% in intervention arm A and 89.6% in intervention arm B. Of the screened participants, 48.7% was female, median age at screening was 62 (Interquartile Range 10), 35.2% was high educated, 19.6% was baseline smoker and 41.4% had a positive family history of myocardial infarction. The assessed CVD risk status according to SCORE screening was stratified into three risk categories; 45.1% was at low risk (SCORE<10%), 26.5% was at intermediate risk (SCORE 10–20%), and 28.4% was at high risk (SCORE ≥20%). According to CAC screening, 76.0% was at low risk (Agatston <100), 15.1% was at high risk (Agatston 100–399), and 8.9% was at very high risk (Agatston ≥400). Associations between baseline variables and increased CVD risk will be analyzed soon and will be available in summer 2019.
Conclusions
Using different screening tools resulted in reclassification of the CVD risk. CAC screening caused a substantial shift to more low risk individuals. This might, when screening is found to be effective, lead to less overtreatment in prevention of CVD events. Future 5-year follow-up data should provide evidence about whether population-based screening with subsequent preventive treatment is (cost-)effective in reducing CHD-related morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Denissen
- Erasmus Medical Center, Public Health, Rotterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | | | - M Vonder
- University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Medical Imaging North-East Netherlands, Groningen, Netherlands (The)
| | - J W Gratama
- Gelre Hospital of Apeldoorn, Clinical chemistry and hematology laboratory, Apeldoorn, Netherlands (The)
| | - H J Adriaansen
- Gelre Hospital of Apeldoorn, Clinical chemistry and hematology laboratory, Apeldoorn, Netherlands (The)
| | - J Dijkstra
- Certe, General practice laboratory, Groningen, Netherlands (The)
| | - D Kuijpers
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiology, Groningen, Netherlands (The)
| | - P Van Der Harst
- University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Medical Imaging North-East Netherlands, Groningen, Netherlands (The)
| | - R L Braam
- Gelre Hospital of Apeldoorn, Cardiology, Apeldoorn, Netherlands (The)
| | - P R M Van Dijkman
- Haaglanden Medical Centre Bronovo, Cardiology, Den Haag, Netherlands (The)
| | | | - F W Beltman
- General practice, Groningen, Netherlands (The)
| | - M Oudkerk
- University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Medical Imaging North-East Netherlands, Groningen, Netherlands (The)
| | - H J De Koning
- Erasmus Medical Center, Public Health, Rotterdam, Netherlands (The)
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Thondapu V, Poon EKW, Tacey M, Zhu S, Dijkstra J, Revalor E, Serruys P, Ooi A, Barlis P. P858High endothelial shear stress and local Reynolds number are associated with lipid growth of coronary plaques. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Local haemodynamic disturbances in coronary blood flow are associated with abnormal endothelial shear stress (ESS) and progressive atherosclerosis. However, standard techniques to estimate ESS lack the diagnostic specificity necessary for future clinical utility. Possible improvements include use of a more realistic non-Newtonian model of blood, which may provide more accurate ESS measurements and is further able to detect local variations in blood viscosity.
Purpose
To compare accuracy of ESS generated by Newtonian versus non-Newtonian rheological models to detect coronary plaque progression. To investigate local Reynolds number (ReL), a viscosity-based haemodynamic metric calculated by the non-Newtonian model, as an independent marker of plaque progression.
Methods
Sixteen patients with non-culprit plaques completely visualised in serial optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging were identified. Plaques were analysed in 0.2mm intervals at each timepoint for lipid and calcium arc. Computational fluid dynamic simulations were performed using Newtonian and non-Newtonian models to calculate ESS, whereas ReL was calculated by the non-Newtonian simulations. Each haemodynamic index was compared to interval changes in lipid and calcium using multivariate regression.
Results
In total, 894 matched arterial segments from baseline and follow up imaging were analysed. In the Newtonian results, baseline segments exposed to ESS>1.7Pa had a 12.5° increase in lipid arc (95% CI 2.2° to 22.8°, p=0.018) while segments exposed to ESS<1.1Pa had an 8.1° decrease in calcium (95% CI −14.0° to −2.2°, p=0.007). In the non-Newtonian results, baseline regions exposed to ESS>2.2Pa had a 14.4° increase in lipid (95% CI 4.2° to 24.7°, p=0.006) while areas with ESS<1.4Pa had an 8.7° decrease in calcium (95% CI −14.6° to −2.8°, p=0.004). Baseline regions exposed to ReL<34 showed an average 11.9° increase in lipid arc (95% CI 0.6° to 23.2°, p=0.039). Regions exposed to ReL>55 had an average increase in lipid arc of 26.6° (95% CI 14.5° to 38.6°, p<0.001).
Conclusions
Both Newtonian and non-Newtonian rheological models show that high ESS is associated with increased lipid while low ESS is associated with decreased calcium. ReL is independently associated with interval increases in lipid arc, suggesting a mechanistic role of local blood viscosity in lipid accumulation. ReL may serve as a novel haemodynamic marker of plaque progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Thondapu
- University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E K W Poon
- University of Melbourne, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Tacey
- Northwest Academic Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Zhu
- University of Melbourne, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Dijkstra
- Leiden University Medical Center, Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden, Netherlands (The)
| | - E Revalor
- University of Melbourne, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Serruys
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Ooi
- University of Melbourne, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Barlis
- University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
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Thondapu V, Poon EKW, Revalor E, Zhu S, Dijkstra J, Serruys P, Ooi A, Barlis P. P2428Comparison of Newtonian and non-Newtonian rheology in calculation of endothelial shear stress. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Although blood is a non-Newtonian fluid, most clinical computational fluid dynamic (CFD) studies assume blood to be a Newtonian fluid with constant viscosity. At higher blood flow rates in larger arteries, the two models should present similar results, and the Newtonian assumption can be considered acceptable. However, whether the Newtonian assumption is valid in patient-specific coronary arteries under pulsatile flow has not been evaluated.
Purpose
To compare CFD results using Newtonian and non-Newtonian models of blood in order to determine whether the Newtonian assumption can be considered valid in patient-specific coronary arteries.
Methods
Coronary arteries of 16 patients were reconstructed from fusion of angiography and intracoronary optical coherence tomography imaging. Pulsatile CFD simulations using Newtonian and non-Newtonian models were performed to calculate endothelial shear stress (ESS). The absolute and percent difference in time-averaged and instantaneous ESS values (calculated as non-Newtonian minus Newtonian) were compared on a point-to-point basis. The percent area of the vessel exposed to proatherogenic ESS values (considered <1 Pa) in each model was also calculated.
Results
The Newtonian and non-Newtonian models produce similar qualitative distributions of ESS. However, quantitative comparison shows that compared to the Newtonian results, the non-Newtonian model estimates significantly higher time-averaged ESS (2.04±0.63Pa versus 1.59±0.54Pa, 95% CI 0.39–0.49, p<0.001) throughout the cardiac cycle. This results in significantly greater estimate of area exposed to ESS <1Pa in the Newtonian model (50.43±14.16% versus 37.20±13.57%, 95% CI 11.28–15.18, p<0.001). Instantaneous ESS plotted through the cardiac cycle indicates the greatest divergence in ESS values occurs at the transition between end-systole and early diastole, at approximately 0.35 seconds (FIGURE).
Conclusions
Despite similar qualitative ESS distributions, Newtonian and non-Newtonian simulations provide significantly different quantitative ESS values. This suggests that in patient-specific simulations of coronary blood flow, the non-Newtonian model may increase accuracy of ESS measurements. We hypothesize that using a non-Newtonian model may improve the diagnostic accuracy of abnormal ESS to predict clinically significant progression of atherosclerosis, however further study is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Thondapu
- University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E K W Poon
- University of Melbourne, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E Revalor
- University of Melbourne, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Zhu
- University of Melbourne, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Dijkstra
- Leiden University Medical Center, Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden, Netherlands (The)
| | - P Serruys
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Ooi
- University of Melbourne, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Barlis
- University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
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Thondapu V, Poon EKW, Jiang B, Tacey M, Dijkstra J, Revalor E, Serruys P, Ooi A, Barlis P. P2433Local blood viscosity and local Reynolds number are associated with coronary plaque calcium and lipid. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Despite being a shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluid, most computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations assume blood to be a Newtonian fluid with constant viscosity. The use of more realistic assumptions may deepen mechanistic understanding of the relationship between blood flow disturbances and atherosclerosis, and improve the diagnostic accuracy of CFD simulations.
Purpose
To compare associations between plaque composition and local hemodynamics at a single time point using Newtonian versus non-Newtonian rheological models in patient-specific coronary arteries. To investigate whether viscosity-based local haemodynamic indices correlate with plaque composition.
Methods
Sixteen patient-specific coronary arteries containing non-culprit plaques were reconstructed from optical coherence tomography imaging. CFD simulations using Newtonian and non-Newtonian models were performed to calculate endothelial shear stress (ESS). Local blood viscosity (LBV) and local Reynolds number (ReL) were calculated from non-Newtonian simulation data. Each haemodynamic index was distributed into quintiles, mapped in 5-degree sectors, and compared to plaque composition using logistic regression.
Results
In total, 69120 sectors from 960 OCT frames were analysed. The lowest ESS quintiles were associated with underlying lipid (ESS<0.8Pa: odds ratio [OR] 1.26, p<0.001, 95% CI 1.15–1.38; ESS 0.8–1.1Pa: OR 1.71, p<0.001, 95% CI 1.58–1.85), while the highest quintile of ESS (>2.2Pa) had lower odds of underlying lipid (OR 0.89, p=0.015, 95% CI 0.82–0.98) compared to the median ESS quintile. However, in the non-Newtonian results, only the second lowest quintile of ESS (1.1–1.5Pa) was associated with lipid (OR 1.54, p<0.001, 95% CI 1.42–1.67). Low ReL was associated with lipid (ReL<28: OR 1.71, p<0.001, 95% CI 1.55–1.89; ReL 28–38: OR 1.47, p<0.001, 95% CI 1.35–1.58). Conversely, the highest quintile of ReL had decreased odds of lipid (ReL>68: OR 0.69, p<0.001, 95% CI 0.62–0.76) (FIGURE). In both the Newtonian and non-Newtonian results, lower ESS was associated with increased odds of underlying calcium. Whereas the lowest quintile of LBV had a lower odds of calcium (LBV<1.4: OR 0.60, p<0.001, 95% CI 0.52–0.71), the highest quintile had significantly higher odds of underlying calcium (LBV>1.5: OR 1.38, p<0.001, 95% CI 1.18–1.63)
Conclusions
Using the standard Newtonian assumption, low ESS is associated with underlying lipid. However, using a more realistic non-Newtonian rheological model, there is no strong or consistent relationship between ESS and underlying lipid, highlighting the importance of methodological assumptions and lingering questions in arterial CFD simulation. Non-Newtonian indices LBV and ReL are independently associated with calcium and lipid, respectively, suggesting possible mechanistic effects of local blood viscosity in atherosclerosis and implying their use as novel haemodynamic markers of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Thondapu
- University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E K W Poon
- University of Melbourne, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne, Australia
| | - B Jiang
- University of Melbourne, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Tacey
- Northwest Academic Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Dijkstra
- Leiden University Medical Center, Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden, Netherlands (The)
| | - E Revalor
- University of Melbourne, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Serruys
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Ooi
- University of Melbourne, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Barlis
- University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
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van Gastelen S, Schumacher F, Cone J, Dijkstra J, Pellikaan W. In dairy cattle, the stomach tube method is not a feasible alternative to the rumen cannulation method to examine in vitro gas and methane production. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wang F, van Baal J, Ma L, Loor J, Wu Z, Dijkstra J, Bu D. Short communication: Relationship between lysine/methionine ratios and glucose levels and their effects on casein synthesis via activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway in bovine mammary epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:8127-8133. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Nichols K, Bannink A, Dijkstra J. Energy and nitrogen balance of dairy cattle as affected by provision of different essential amino acid profiles at the same metabolizable protein supply. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:8963-8976. [PMID: 31378498 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid composition of metabolizable protein (MP) is important in dairy cattle diets, but effects of AA imbalances on energy and N utilization are unclear. This study determined the effect of different AA profiles within a constant supplemental MP level on whole-body energy and N partitioning in dairy cattle. Five rumen-fistulated Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (2.8 ± 0.4 lactations; 81 ± 11 d in milk; mean ± standard deviation) were randomly assigned to a 5 × 5 Latin square design in which each experimental period consisted of 5 d of continuous abomasal infusion followed by 2 d of rest. A total mixed ration consisting of 58% corn silage, 16% alfalfa hay, and 26% concentrate (dry matter basis) was formulated to meet 100 and 83% of net energy and MP requirements, respectively, and was fed at 90% of ad libitum intake by individual cow. Abomasal infusion treatments were saline (SAL) or 562 g/d of essential AA delivered in 4 profiles where individual AA content corresponded to their relative content in casein. The profiles were (1) a complete essential amino acid mixture (EAAC), (2) Ile, Leu, and Val (ILV), (3) His, Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Trp, Val (GR1+ILV), and (4) Arg, His, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Trp (GR1+ALT). The experiment was conducted in climate respiration chambers to determine energy and N balance in conjunction with milk production and composition, digestibility, and plasma constituents. Compared with SAL, infusion of EAAC increased milk, protein, and lactose yield, increased energy retained as body protein, and did not affect milk N efficiency. Total N intake and urine N output was higher with all AA infusions relative to SAL. Compared with EAAC, infusions of GR1+ILV and GR1+ALT produced the same milk yield and the same yield and content of milk fat, protein, and lactose, and had similar energy and N retention. Milk N efficiency was not different between EAAC and GR1+ILV, but was lower with GR1+ALT compared with EAAC, and tended to be lower with GR1+ALT compared with GR1+ILV. Infusion of ILV tended to decrease dry matter intake compared with the other AA infusions. Milk production and composition was not different between ILV and SAL. Compared with EAAC, infusion of ILV decreased or tended to decrease milk, protein, and lactose yields and milk protein content, and increased milk fat and lactose content. Milk N efficiency decreased with ILV compared with SAL, EAAC, and GR1+ILV. Milk urea concentration was not affected by essential amino acid (EAA) infusions. Plasma urea concentration did not differ between EAAC and SAL, tended to increase with ILV and GR1+ILV over SAL, and increased with GR1+ALT compared with EAAC and SAL. In conclusion, removing Arg, Lys, and Thr or removing Ile, Leu, and Val from a complete EAA profile when the total amount of EAA infused remained constant did not impair milk production, but milk N efficiency decreased when Ile, Leu, and Val were absent. Infusion of only Ile, Leu, and Val decreased milk protein yield and content and reduced milk N efficiency compared with a complete EAA profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nichols
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - A Bannink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Nichols K, Bannink A, Doelman J, Dijkstra J. Mammary gland metabolite utilization in response to exogenous glucose or long-chain fatty acids at low and high metabolizable protein levels. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:7150-7167. [PMID: 31155242 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigated mammary gland metabolism in lactating dairy cattle in response to energy from glucogenic (glucose; GG) or lipogenic (palm olein; LG) substrates at low (LMP) and high (HMP) metabolizable protein levels. According to a 6 × 6 Latin square design, 6 rumen-fistulated second-lactation Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (97 ± 13 d in milk) were abomasally infused with saline (LMP-C); isoenergetic infusions (digestible energy basis) of 1,319 g/d glucose (LMP-GG), 676 g/d palm olein (LMP-LG), or 844 g/d essential AA (EAA; HMP-C); or isoenergetic infusions of 1,319 g/d glucose + 844 g/d EAA (HMP-GG) or 676 g/d palm olein + 844 g/d EAA (HMP-LG). Each experimental period consisted of 5 d of continuous infusion followed by 2 d of rest. A total mixed ration (42% corn silage, 31% grass silage, and 27% concentrate on a dry matter basis) formulated to meet 100 and 83% of net energy and metabolizable protein requirements, respectively, was fed at 90% of ad libitum intake by individual cow. Arterial and venous blood samples were collected on d 5 of each period. Infusing GG or LG at the HMP level did not affect milk yield or composition differently than at the LMP level. Neither GG nor LG infusion stimulated milk protein or lactose yield, but fat yield tended to decrease with GG and tended to increase with LG. Infusion of GG increased arterial plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin and decreased concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), nonesterified fatty acids, long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), total AA, EAA, and group 2 AA. Infusion of LG increased arterial triacylglycerides (TAG) and LCFA but did not affect EAA concentrations. Compared with the LMP level, the HMP level increased arterial concentrations of BHB, urea, and all EAA groups and decreased the concentration of total non-EAA. Mammary plasma flow increased with GG and was not affected by LG or protein level. Uptake and clearance of total EAA and group 2 AA were affected or tended to be affected by GG × AA interactions, with their uptakes being lower and their clearances higher with GG, but only at the LMP level. Infusion of LG did not affect uptake or clearance of any AA group. The HMP level increased uptake and decreased clearance of all EAA groups and decreased non-EAA uptake. Infusion of GG tended to increase mammary glucose uptake, and tended to decrease BHB uptake only at the LMP level. Infusion of LG increased mammary uptake of TAG and LCFA and increased or tended to increase clearance of TAG and LCFA. We suspect GG increased mammary plasma flow to maintain intramammary energy and AA balance and stimulated lipogenesis in adipose, accounting for depressed arterial BHB and group 2 AA concentrations. Mammary glucose uptake did not cover estimated requirements for lactose and fat synthesis at the HMP level, except during HMP-GG infusion. Results of this study illustrate flexibility in mammary metabolite utilization when absorptive supply of glucogenic, lipogenic, and aminogenic substrate is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nichols
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - A Bannink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J Doelman
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, PO Box 220, 5830 AE Boxmeer, the Netherlands
| | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Nichols K, Dijkstra J, van Laar H, Kim JJM, Cant JP, Bannink A. Expression of genes related to energy metabolism and the unfolded protein response in dairy cow mammary cells is affected differently during dietary supplementation with energy from protein and fat. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:6603-6613. [PMID: 31103304 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Secretory capacity of bovine mammary glands is enabled by a high number of secretory cells and their ability to use a range of metabolites to produce milk components. We isolated RNA from milk fat to measure expression of genes involved in energy-yielding pathways and the unfolded protein response in mammary glands of lactating cows given supplemental energy from protein (PT) and fat (FT) tested in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. We hypothesized that PT and FT would affect expression of genes in the branched-chain AA catabolic pathway and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle based on the different energy types (aminogenic versus lipogenic) used to synthesize milk components. We also hypothesized that the response of genes related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis via the unfolded protein response would reflect the increase in milk production stimulated by PT and FT. Fifty-six multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were fed a basal total mixed ration (34% grass silage, 33% corn silage, 5% grass hay, and 28% concentrate on a dry matter basis) for a 28-d control period. Experimental rations were then fed for 28 d, consisting of (1) low protein, low fat (LP/LF); (2) high protein, low fat (HP/LF); (3) low protein, high fat (LP/HF); or (4) high protein and high fat (HP/HF). To obtain the high-protein (HP) and high-fat (HF) diets, intake of the basal ration was restricted and supplemented isoenergetically (net energy basis) with 2.0 kg/d rumen-protected protein (soybean + rapeseed, 50:50 mixture on dry matter basis) and 0.68 kg/d hydrogenated palm fatty acids on a dry matter basis. RNA from milk fat samples collected on d 27 of each period underwent real-time quantitative PCR. Energy from protein increased expression of BCAT1 (branched-chain amino acid transferase 1) mRNA, but only at the LF level, and tended to decrease expression of mRNA encoding the main subunit of the branched-chain keto-acid dehydrogenase complex. mRNA expression of malic enzyme, a proposed channeling route for AA though the TCA cycle, was decreased by PT, but only at the LF level. Expression of genes associated with de novo fatty acid synthesis was not affected by PT or FT. Energy from fat had no independent effect on genes related to ER homeostasis. At the LF level, PT activated XBP1 (X-box binding protein 1) mRNA. At the HF level, PT increased mRNA expression of the gene encoding GADD34 (growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 34). These findings support our hypothesis that mammary cells use aminogenic and lipogenic precursors differently for milk component production when dietary intervention alters AA and fatty acid supply. They also suggest that mammary cells respond to increased AA supply through mechanisms of ER homeostasis, dependent on the presence of FT.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nichols
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H van Laar
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, PO Box 220, 5830 AE Boxmeer, the Netherlands
| | - J J M Kim
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J P Cant
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - A Bannink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Hristov AN, Bannink A, Crompton LA, Huhtanen P, Kreuzer M, McGee M, Nozière P, Reynolds CK, Bayat AR, Yáñez-Ruiz DR, Dijkstra J, Kebreab E, Schwarm A, Shingfield KJ, Yu Z. Invited review: Nitrogen in ruminant nutrition: A review of measurement techniques. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:5811-5852. [PMID: 31030912 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is a component of essential nutrients critical for the productivity of ruminants. If excreted in excess, N is also an important environmental pollutant contributing to acid deposition, eutrophication, human respiratory problems, and climate change. The complex microbial metabolic activity in the rumen and the effect on subsequent processes in the intestines and body tissues make the study of N metabolism in ruminants challenging compared with nonruminants. Therefore, using accurate and precise measurement techniques is imperative for obtaining reliable experimental results on N utilization by ruminants and evaluating the environmental impacts of N emission mitigation techniques. Changeover design experiments are as suitable as continuous ones for studying protein metabolism in ruminant animals, except when changes in body weight or carryover effects due to treatment are expected. Adaptation following a dietary change should be allowed for at least 2 (preferably 3) wk, and extended adaptation periods may be required if body pools can temporarily supply the nutrients studied. Dietary protein degradability in the rumen and intestines are feed characteristics determining the primary AA available to the host animal. They can be estimated using in situ, in vitro, or in vivo techniques with each having inherent advantages and disadvantages. Accurate, precise, and inexpensive laboratory assays for feed protein availability are still needed. Techniques used for direct determination of rumen microbial protein synthesis are laborious and expensive, and data variability can be unacceptably large; indirect approaches have not shown the level of accuracy required for widespread adoption. Techniques for studying postruminal digestion and absorption of nitrogenous compounds, urea recycling, and mammary AA metabolism are also laborious, expensive (especially the methods that use isotopes), and results can be variable, especially the methods based on measurements of digesta or blood flow. Volatile loss of N from feces and particularly urine can be substantial during collection, processing, and analysis of excreta, compromising the accuracy of measurements of total-tract N digestion and body N balance. In studying ruminant N metabolism, nutritionists should consider the longer term fate of manure N as well. Various techniques used to determine the effects of animal nutrition on total N, ammonia- or nitrous oxide-emitting potentials, as well as plant fertilizer value, of manure are available. Overall, methods to study ruminant N metabolism have been developed over 150 yr of animal nutrition research, but many of them are laborious and impractical for application on a large number of animals. The increasing environmental concerns associated with livestock production systems necessitate more accurate and reliable methods to determine manure N emissions in the context of feed composition and ruminant N metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
| | - A Bannink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - L A Crompton
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Centre for Dairy Research, University of Reading, PO Box 237 Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AR, United Kingdom
| | - P Huhtanen
- Department of Agricultural Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-90, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M Kreuzer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M McGee
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland C15 PW93
| | - P Nozière
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - C K Reynolds
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Centre for Dairy Research, University of Reading, PO Box 237 Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AR, United Kingdom
| | - A R Bayat
- Milk Production Solutions, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - D R Yáñez-Ruiz
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - E Kebreab
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - A Schwarm
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K J Shingfield
- Milk Production Solutions, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI 31600 Jokioinen, Finland; Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Z Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
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Lima P, Apdini T, Freire A, Santana A, Moura L, Nascimento J, Rodrigues R, Dijkstra J, Garcez Neto A, Queiroz M, Menezes D. Dietary supplementation with tannin and soybean oil on intake, digestibility, feeding behavior, ruminal protozoa and methane emission in sheep. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nichols K, Dijkstra J, van Laar H, Pacheco S, van Valenberg H, Bannink A. Energy and nitrogen partitioning in dairy cows at low or high metabolizable protein levels is affected differently by postrumen glucogenic and lipogenic substrates. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:395-412. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Nichols K, van Laar H, Bannink A, Dijkstra J. Mammary gland utilization of amino acids and energy metabolites differs when dairy cow rations are isoenergetically supplemented with protein and fat. J Dairy Sci 2018; 102:1160-1175. [PMID: 30594357 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mammary gland utilization of AA and other metabolites in response to supplemental energy from protein (PT) and supplemental energy from fat (FT) was tested in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement using a randomized complete block design. Fifty-six Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were adapted during a 28-d control period to a basal total mixed ration consisting of 34% grass silage, 33% corn silage, 5% grass hay, and 28% concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis. Experimental rations were fed for 28 d immediately following the control period and consisted of (1) low protein, low fat (LP/LF), (2) high protein, low fat (HP/LF), (3) low protein, high fat (LP/HF), and (4) high protein, high fat (HP/HF). To obtain the high-protein (HP) and high-fat (HF) diets, intake of the basal ration was restricted and supplemented isoenergetically [net energy (MJ/d) basis] with 2.0 kg/d rumen-protected protein (soybean + rapeseed, 50:50 mixture on a DM basis) and 0.68 kg/d hydrogenated palm fatty acids on a DM basis. Arterial and venous blood samples were collected on d 28 of both periods. Isoenergetic supplements (MJ/d) of protein and fat independently and additively increased milk yield, PT increased protein yield, and FT increased fat yield. A PT × FT interaction affected arterial concentration of all essential AA (EAA) groups, where they increased in response to PT by a greater magnitude at the LF level (on average 35%) compared with the HF level (on average 14%). Mammary gland plasma flow was unaffected by PT or FT. Supplementation with PT tended to decrease mammary clearance of total EAA and decreased group 1 AA clearance by 19%. In response to PT, mammary uptake of total EAA and group 2 AA increased 12 and 14%, respectively, with significantly higher uptake of Arg, Ile, and Leu. Energy from fat had no effect on mammary clearance or uptake of any AA group. The mammary gland uptake:milk protein output ratio was not affected by FT, whereas PT increased this ratio for EAA and group 2 AA. Arterial plasma insulin concentration decreased in response to FT, in particular on the HP/HF diet, as indicated by a PT × FT interaction. Arterial concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids, triacylglycerol, and long-chain fatty acids increased in response to FT, and concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate and acetate decreased in response to FT only at the HP level. Mammary clearance and uptake of triacylglycerol and long-chain fatty acids increased in response to FT. Energy from PT and FT increased lactose yield despite no change in arterial glucose concentration or mammary glucose uptake. Mammary-sequestered glucose with PT or FT was used in the same amount for lactose synthesis, and a positive net mammary glucose balance was found across all treatments. Results presented here illustrate metabolic flexibility of the mammary gland in its use of aminogenic versus lipogenic substrates for milk synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nichols
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - H van Laar
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, PO Box 220, 5830 AE Boxmeer, the Netherlands
| | - A Bannink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Stammes MA, Bugby SL, Porta T, Pierzchalski K, Devling T, Otto C, Dijkstra J, Vahrmeijer AL, de Geus-Oei LF, Mieog JSD. Modalities for image- and molecular-guided cancer surgery. Br J Surg 2018; 105:e69-e83. [PMID: 29341161 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery is the cornerstone of treatment for many solid tumours. A wide variety of imaging modalities are available before surgery for staging, although surgeons still rely primarily on visual and haptic cues in the operating environment. Image and molecular guidance might improve the adequacy of resection through enhanced tumour definition and detection of aberrant deposits. Intraoperative modalities available for image- and molecular-guided cancer surgery are reviewed here. METHODS Intraoperative cancer detection techniques were identified through a systematic literature search, with selection of peer-reviewed publications from January 2012 to January 2017. Modalities were reviewed, described and compared according to 25 predefined characteristics. To summarize the data in a comparable way, a three-point rating scale was applied to quantitative characteristics. RESULTS The search identified ten image- and molecular-guided surgery techniques, which can be divided into four groups: conventional, optical, nuclear and endogenous reflectance modalities. Conventional techniques are the most well known imaging modalities, but unfortunately have the drawback of a defined resolution and long acquisition time. Optical imaging is a real-time modality; however, the penetration depth is limited. Nuclear modalities have excellent penetration depth, but their intraoperative use is limited by the use of radioactivity. Endogenous reflectance modalities provide high resolution, although with a narrow field of view. CONCLUSION Each modality has its strengths and weaknesses; no single technique will be suitable for all surgical procedures. Strict selection of modalities per cancer type and surgical requirements is required as well as combining techniques to find the optimal balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Stammes
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Percuros, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - S L Bugby
- Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - T Porta
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - K Pierzchalski
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - C Otto
- Medical Cell Bio Physics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - J Dijkstra
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A L Vahrmeijer
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L-F de Geus-Oei
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - J S D Mieog
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Dijkstra J, Bannink A, France J, Kebreab E, van Gastelen S. Short communication: Antimethanogenic effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol depend on supplementation dose, dietary fiber content, and cattle type. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:9041-9047. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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Nichols K, Bannink A, Pacheco S, van Valenberg H, Dijkstra J, van Laar H. Feed and nitrogen efficiency are affected differently but milk lactose production is stimulated equally when isoenergetic protein and fat is supplemented in lactating dairy cow diets. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7857-7870. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Yamamoto E, Thondapu V, Poon E, Sugiyama T, Fracassi F, Dijkstra J, Lee H, Ooi A, Barlis P, Jang IK. 1348Endothelial shear stress plays a key role in acute coronary syndromes with intact fibrous cap (plaque erosion): a computational fluid dynamics and optical coherence tomography study. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Yamamoto
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiology Division, Boston, United States of America
| | - V Thondapu
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E Poon
- University of Melbourne, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne, Australia
| | - T Sugiyama
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiology Division, Boston, United States of America
| | - F Fracassi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiology Division, Boston, United States of America
| | - J Dijkstra
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - H Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Biostatistics Center, Boston, United States of America
| | - A Ooi
- University of Melbourne, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Barlis
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
| | - I K Jang
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiology Division, Boston, United States of America
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Ramasamy A, Ng J, Foin N, Girard M, Dijkstra J, Zanchin T, Crake T, Torii R, Rakhit R, Serruys PW, Raber L, Baumbach A, Mathur A, Bourantas CV. P6496Advantages and limitations of the attenuation-compensated technique in assessing plaque and neointima morphology in optical coherence tomography. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p6496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Ramasamy
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Department of Cardiology, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Ng
- National University of Singapore, National Heart Centre and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Singapore, Singapore
| | - N Foin
- National University of Singapore, National Heart Centre and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Girard
- National University of Singapore, National Heart Centre and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Dijkstra
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - T Zanchin
- Bern University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Crake
- University College London, Department of Cardiology, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Torii
- University College London, Department of Mechanical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Rakhit
- Royal Free Hospital, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - P W Serruys
- Imperial College London, International Centre for Circulatory Health, NHLI, London, United Kingdom
| | - L Raber
- Bern University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Baumbach
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Department of Cardiology, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Mathur
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Department of Cardiology, London, United Kingdom
| | - C V Bourantas
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Department of Cardiology, London, United Kingdom
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48
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Hristov A, Kebreab E, Niu M, Oh J, Bannink A, Bayat A, Boland T, Brito A, Casper D, Crompton L, Dijkstra J, Eugène M, Garnsworthy P, Haque N, Hellwing A, Huhtanen P, Kreuzer M, Kuhla B, Lund P, Madsen J, Martin C, Moate P, Muetzel S, Muñoz C, Peiren N, Powell J, Reynolds C, Schwarm A, Shingfield K, Storlien T, Weisbjerg M, Yáñez-Ruiz D, Yu Z. Symposium review: Uncertainties in enteric methane inventories, measurement techniques, and prediction models. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6655-6674. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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49
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van Gastelen S, Mollenhorst H, Antunes-Fernandes E, Hettinga K, van Burgsteden G, Dijkstra J, Rademaker J. Predicting enteric methane emission of dairy cows with milk Fourier-transform infrared spectra and gas chromatography–based milk fatty acid profiles. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:5582-5598. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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Gerrits WJJ, Labussière E, Reynolds CK, Metges CC, Kuhla B, Lund P, Weisbjerg MR, Dijkstra J. Letter to the Editor: Recovery test results as a prerequisite for publication of gaseous exchange measurements. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4703-4704. [PMID: 29779555 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W J J Gerrits
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - E Labussière
- PEGASE, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, 35590 Saint Gilles, France
| | - C K Reynolds
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Reading RG6 6AR, United Kingdom
| | - C C Metges
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - B Kuhla
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - P Lund
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, PO Box 50, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M R Weisbjerg
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, PO Box 50, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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