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Kruse-Diehr AJ, Oliveri JM, Vanderpool RC, Katz ML, Reiter PL, Gray DM, Pennell ML, Young GS, Huang B, Fickle D, Cromo M, Rogers M, Gross D, Gibson A, Jellison J, Sarap MD, Bivens TA, McGuire TD, McAlearney AS, Huerta TR, Rahurkar S, Paskett ED, Dignan M. Development of a multilevel intervention to increase colorectal cancer screening in Appalachia. Implement Sci Commun 2021; 2:51. [PMID: 34011410 PMCID: PMC8136225 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-021-00151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates are lower in Appalachian regions of the United States than in non-Appalachian regions. Given the availability of various screening modalities, there is critical need for culturally relevant interventions addressing multiple socioecological levels to reduce the regional CRC burden. In this report, we describe the development and baseline findings from year 1 of "Accelerating Colorectal Cancer Screening through Implementation Science (ACCSIS) in Appalachia," a 5-year, National Cancer Institute Cancer MoonshotSM-funded multilevel intervention (MLI) project to increase screening in Appalachian Kentucky and Ohio primary care clinics. METHODS Project development was theory-driven and included the establishment of both an external Scientific Advisory Board and a Community Advisory Board to provide guidance in conducting formative activities in two Appalachian counties: one in Kentucky and one in Ohio. Activities included identifying and describing the study communities and primary care clinics, selecting appropriate evidence-based interventions (EBIs), and conducting a pilot test of MLI strategies addressing patient, provider, clinic, and community needs. RESULTS Key informant interviews identified multiple barriers to CRC screening, including fear of screening, test results, and financial concerns (patient level); lack of time and competing priorities (provider level); lack of reminder or tracking systems and staff burden (clinic level); and cultural issues, societal norms, and transportation (community level). With this information, investigators then offered clinics a menu of EBIs and strategies to address barriers at each level. Clinics selected individually tailored MLIs, including improvement of patient education materials, provision of provider education (resulting in increased knowledge, p = .003), enhancement of electronic health record (EHR) systems and development of clinic screening protocols, and implementation of community CRC awareness events, all of which promoted stool-based screening (i.e., FIT or FIT-DNA). Variability among clinics, including differences in EHR systems, was the most salient barrier to EBI implementation, particularly in terms of tracking follow-up of positive screening results, whereas the development of clinic-wide screening protocols was found to promote fidelity to EBI components. CONCLUSIONS Lessons learned from year 1 included increased recognition of variability among the clinics and how they function, appreciation for clinic staff and provider workload, and development of strategies to utilize EHR systems. These findings necessitated a modification of study design for subsequent years. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial NCT04427527 is registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov and was registered on June 11, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Kruse-Diehr
- University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA.
- University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Jill M Oliveri
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Mira L Katz
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paul L Reiter
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Darrell M Gray
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael L Pennell
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gregory S Young
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bin Huang
- University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Darla Fickle
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark Cromo
- University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Melinda Rogers
- University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - David Gross
- Northeast Kentucky Area Health Education Center, Morehead, KY, USA
| | - Ashley Gibson
- Northeast Kentucky Area Health Education Center, Morehead, KY, USA
| | | | | | - Tonia A Bivens
- Lewis County Primary Care Center, Inc. dba PrimaryPlus, Vanceburg, KY, USA
| | - Tracy D McGuire
- Lewis County Primary Care Center, Inc. dba PrimaryPlus, Vanceburg, KY, USA
| | - Ann Scheck McAlearney
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Timothy R Huerta
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Saurabh Rahurkar
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Electra D Paskett
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark Dignan
- University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA
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Jasalavich CA, Ostrofsky A, Jellison J. Detection and identification of decay fungi in spruce wood by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of amplified genes encoding rRNA. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:4725-34. [PMID: 11055916 PMCID: PMC92372 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.11.4725-4734.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2000] [Accepted: 07/12/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a DNA-based assay to reliably detect brown rot and white rot fungi in wood at different stages of decay. DNA, isolated by a series of CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) and organic extractions, was amplified by the PCR using published universal primers and basidiomycete-specific primers derived from ribosomal DNA sequences. We surveyed 14 species of wood-decaying basidiomycetes (brown-rot and white-rot fungi), as well as 25 species of wood-inhabiting ascomycetes (pathogens, endophytes, and saprophytes). DNA was isolated from pure cultures of these fungi and also from spruce wood blocks colonized by individual isolates of wood decay basidiomycetes or wood-inhabiting ascomycetes. The primer pair ITS1-F (specific for higher fungi) and ITS4 (universal primer) amplified the internal transcribed spacer region from both ascomycetes and basidiomycetes from both pure culture and wood, as expected. The primer pair ITS1-F (specific for higher fungi) and ITS4-B (specific for basidiomycetes) was shown to reliably detect the presence of wood decay basidiomycetes in both pure culture and wood; ascomycetes were not detected by this primer pair. We detected the presence of decay fungi in wood by PCR before measurable weight loss had occurred to the wood. Basidiomycetes were identified to the species level by restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the internal transcribed spacer region.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Jasalavich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469-5735, USA
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Wycoff KL, Jellison J, Ayers AR. Monoclonal Antibodies to Glycoprotein Antigens of a Fungal Plant Pathogen, Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea. Plant Physiol 1987; 85:508-15. [PMID: 16665728 PMCID: PMC1054286 DOI: 10.1104/pp.85.2.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Genetic studies of plants and their pathogens indicate that dominant alleles for resistance in hosts are complemented by corresponding dominant alleles for avirulence in pathogens. Products of these genes have not yet been identified. We have produced murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to extracellular antigens of the fungal soybean pathogen Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea (Pmg, race 1) as part of a larger effort to identify antigenic determinants associated with particular avirulence genes. Thirty-six independent mAbs have been characterized by binding to Western blots of Pmg extracellular glycoproteins and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with glycoproteins modified by treatment with periodate, alpha-mannosidase, and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. The mAbs are predominantly carbohydrate-specific and can be placed in six groups based on interactions with Pmg glycoproteins. Binding patterns of various mAbs to Western blots indicate that Pmg proteins may have single or multiple types of attached carbohydrate antigens. Races of Pmg with differing avirulence genes exhibit more characteristic differences by Western blot analysis than by protein staining of glycoprotein profiles. Several of the mAbs show much higher reaction levels to glycoproteins from race 1 than from two other races. All of the glycoprotein-specific mAbs cross-react with purified mycelial walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Wycoff
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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