1
|
Nisman B, Oleinikov K, Nechushtan H, Maimon O, Atlan K, Peled N, Gross D, Peretz T, Meirovitz A, Grozinsky-Glasberg S. In Response. J Thorac Oncol 2023; 18:e139-e141. [PMID: 37879775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Nisman
- Department of Oncology, Hadassah and Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Kira Oleinikov
- Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Endocrinology & Metabolism Department, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hovav Nechushtan
- Department of Oncology, Hadassah and Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofra Maimon
- Department of Oncology, Hadassah and Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Karine Atlan
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel; Facullty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nir Peled
- The Institute of Oncology, Shaarei Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Gross
- Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit, ENETS Centre of Exellence, Endocrinology & Metabolism Department, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Peretz
- Department of Oncology, Hadassah and Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amichay Meirovitz
- The Legacy Heritage Oncology Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg
- Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Endocrinology & Metabolism Department, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nisman B, Oleinikov K, Nechushtan H, Maimon O, Atlan K, Peled N, Gross D, Peretz T, Meirovitz A, Grozinsky-Glasberg S. Plasma Progastrin-Releasing Peptide and Chromogranin A Assays for Diagnosing and Monitoring Lung Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Brief Report. J Thorac Oncol 2023; 18:369-376. [PMID: 36503175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of chromogranin A (CGA) as a circulating biomarker in lung carcinoids (LCs) is limited by low specificity and sensitivity. This study aimed to evaluate plasma progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRPp) as an alternative to plasma CGA (CGAp), for the diagnosis and follow-up of LC. METHODS ProGRPp and CGAp concentrations were measured in 107 patients with LC and 105 patients with benign lung disease (BLD). RESULTS ProGRPp distinguished patients with LC with active disease in the pretreatment (n = 43) and post-treatment (n = 43) groups from those with BLD: area under the curve for both 0.864 (p < 0.0001); sensitivity 67.4% and 58.1%, respectively; specificity 96.2%; at 64 pg/mL cutoff. CGAp failed to differentiate both LC groups from those with BLD: area under the curve 0.579 and 0.526 (for both p > 0.1); sensitivity 34.9% and 25.6%, respectively; specificity 73.3%; at 104 ng/mL cutoff. Only ProGRPp correlated with the Ki67 proliferation index (r = 0.40, p < 0.001) and was associated with mitotic count (p = 0.025), stage (p = 0.018), grade (p = 0.019), and the expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 (p = 0.005). ProGRPp had a high sensitivity (92.3%) in LC with diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia. Abnormal postoperative ProGRPp level was associated with residual disease (p = 0.029). The changes in ProGRPp level during treatment, a decrease greater than 30% and an increase greater than 8%, were associated with image-based outcomes, partial response and disease progression, respectively (p < 0.0001). CGAp did not reflect the disease course. CONCLUSIONS ProGRPp was superior to CGAp in diagnosing LC with correlations concerning proliferation, grading, staging, diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia co-occurrence, and response to treatment. ProGRPp is an optimal emerging biomarker to be further evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Nisman
- Department of Oncology, Hadassah and Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Kira Oleinikov
- Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Endocrinology & Metabolism Department, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hovav Nechushtan
- Department of Oncology, Hadassah and Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofra Maimon
- Department of Oncology, Hadassah and Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Karine Atlan
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nir Peled
- The Institute of Oncology, Shaarei Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Gross
- Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Endocrinology & Metabolism Department, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Peretz
- Department of Oncology, Hadassah and Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amichay Meirovitz
- The Legacy Heritage Oncology Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg
- Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Endocrinology & Metabolism Department, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rhodus E, Gibson A, Gross D, Sprang R, Parsons K, Johnston J, Jicha G. STIFLED UTILIZATION OF DEMENTIA-RELATED HEALTHCARE SERVICES DUE TO STIGMA IN RURAL APPALACHIA. Innov Aging 2022. [PMCID: PMC9765886 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac059.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Residency in rural Appalachia is linked with heightened morbidity and mortality due to a myriad of conditions, many of which are associated with increased risk and prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Despite this, access to and utilization of dementia-specific healthcare services in the region are limited. This study presents community-based stigma associated with enrollment in healthcare clinical research offered in rural Appalachia. Additional data from focus groups with care partners of people with memory impairment in rural Appalachia discuss implications of stigma in their communities. Findings elaborate on recruitment challenges associated with terminology, such as caregiver and dementia, as well as availability of diagnosticians. This study illustrates unique characteristics needed for community-based education programs tailored to the culture and customs of rural regions in order to increase utilization of healthcare for older adults at risk or living with ADRD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Allison Gibson
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - David Gross
- St. Claire Healthcare, Morehead, Kentucky, United States
| | - Rob Sprang
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Kelly Parsons
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Julia Johnston
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Gregory Jicha
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Haferkamp J, Montealegre-Mora F, Heinrich M, Eisert J, Gross D, Roth I. Efficient Unitary Designs with a System-Size Independent Number of Non-Clifford Gates. Commun Math Phys 2022; 397:995-1041. [PMID: 36743125 PMCID: PMC9886645 DOI: 10.1007/s00220-022-04507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Many quantum information protocols require the implementation of random unitaries. Because it takes exponential resources to produce Haar-random unitaries drawn from the full n-qubit group, one often resorts to t-designs. Unitary t-designs mimic the Haar-measure up to t-th moments. It is known that Clifford operations can implement at most 3-designs. In this work, we quantify the non-Clifford resources required to break this barrier. We find that it suffices to inject O ( t 4 log 2 ( t ) log ( 1 / ε ) ) many non-Clifford gates into a polynomial-depth random Clifford circuit to obtain an ε -approximate t-design. Strikingly, the number of non-Clifford gates required is independent of the system size - asymptotically, the density of non-Clifford gates is allowed to tend to zero. We also derive novel bounds on the convergence time of random Clifford circuits to the t-th moment of the uniform distribution on the Clifford group. Our proofs exploit a recently developed variant of Schur-Weyl duality for the Clifford group, as well as bounds on restricted spectral gaps of averaging operators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Haferkamp
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - M. Heinrich
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Quantum Technology Research Group, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J. Eisert
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Gross
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - I. Roth
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Quantum Research Centre, Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kruse-Diehr AJ, Dignan M, Cromo M, Carman AL, Rogers M, Gross D, Russell S. Building Cancer Prevention and Control Research Capacity in Rural Appalachian Kentucky Primary Care Clinics During COVID-19: Development and Adaptation of a Multilevel Colorectal Cancer Screening Project. J Cancer Educ 2022; 37:1407-1413. [PMID: 33599967 PMCID: PMC7890393 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-021-01972-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the development of a colorectal cancer (CRC) screening multilevel intervention with four primary care clinics in rural Appalachian Kentucky. We also discuss barriers experienced by the clinics during COVID-19 and how clinic limitations and needs informed project modifications. Four primary care clinics were recruited, key informant interviews with clinic providers were conducted, electronic health record (EHR) capacity to collect data related to CRC screening and follow-up was assessed, and a series of meetings were held with clinic champions to discuss implementation of strategies to impact clinic CRC screening rates. Analysis of interviews revealed multilevel barriers to CRC screening. Patient-level barriers included fatalism, competing priorities, and financial and literacy concerns. The main provider- and clinic-level barriers were provider preference for colonoscopy over stool-based testing and EHR tracking concerns. Clinics selected strategies to address barriers, but the onset of COVID-19 necessitated modifications to these strategies. Due to COVID-19, changes in clinic staffing and workflow occurred, including provider furloughs, a state-mandated pause in elective procedures, and an increase in telehealth. Clinics adapted screening strategies to match changing needs, including shifting from paper to digital educational tools and using telehealth to increase annual wellness visits for screening promotion. While significant delays persist for scheduling colonoscopies, clinics were encouraged to promote stool-based tests as a primary screening modality for average-risk patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Kruse-Diehr
- University of Kentucky College of Public Health, 151 Washington Avenue, Bowman Hall 345, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Mark Dignan
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Prevention Research Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mark Cromo
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Prevention Research Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Angela L Carman
- University of Kentucky College of Public Health, 151 Washington Avenue, Bowman Hall 345, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | | | - David Gross
- Northeast Kentucky Area Health Education Center, Morehead, KY, USA
| | - Sue Russell
- Northeast Kentucky Area Health Education Center, Morehead, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared differences in sociodemographic characteristics, personal risk perception of lung cancer, lung cancer worry, and synergistic risk perception among rural Appalachia residents who completed home radon testing with those who did not, after receiving a free long-term test kit at a rural primary care clinic. The study also examined the association between the Teachable Moment Model constructs and home radon testing. METHODS The study was an exploratory correlational design with a convenience sample of (N = 58) adult participants recruited from 2 rural primary care clinics in Appalachia Kentucky. Participants completed a brief survey and were given a free long-term home radon test kit. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine characteristics associated with home radon testing. FINDINGS Twenty-eight participants (48%) completed home radon testing. There were no differences in personal risk perception of lung cancer, lung cancer worry, or synergistic risk perception between those who completed home radon testing and those who did not. Age was the only significant factor associated with completion of radon testing (B = 0.077, P = .005). For every 5-year increase in age, participants were 47% more likely to test their home for radon. CONCLUSION Providing free home radon test kits in the primary care setting shows promise in prompting radon testing in rural Appalachia. As radon-induced lung cancer risk increases with exposure over time, health care providers in rural Appalachia need to encourage patients of all ages to test their home for radon, especially those who smoke or report smoking in the home.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy R. Stanifer
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- University of Kentucky Center for Appalachian Research in Environmental Sciences (UK-CARES), Lexington, KY
| | - Mary Kay Rayens
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Amanda Wiggins
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - David Gross
- Northeast Kentucky Area Health Education Center, St. Claire Healthcare, Morehead, Kentucky
| | - Ellen J. Hahn
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- University of Kentucky Center for Appalachian Research in Environmental Sciences (UK-CARES), Lexington, KY
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wilhelmy S, Bekel AI, Gross D, Schmidt M. Forced to join the Waffen-SS? Chief pharmacist Victor Capesius (1907-1985) and his role in Auschwitz concentration camp. Pharmazie 2021; 76:455-460. [PMID: 34481538 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2021.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Victor Capesius (1907-1985) attained sad fame as chief pharmacist in the Auschwitz concentration camp. After the war he outlined himself as a victim of his time and claimed to have been forced into the Waffen-SS as a so-called Romanian "Volksdeutscher" (ethnic German). But does this claim stand up to critical scrutiny? What was his actual role in Auschwitz, how did his life develop in the postwar period, how did he himself evaluate his actions in the Third Reich, and to what extent do self-image and historical facts coincide? These are precisely the questions that this article explores. The study is based on primary sources from various archives. These are supplemented and compared with the existing literature on Capesius, the role of pharmacists in the Third Reich, and the Auschwitz concentration camp.<br/> The analysis shows that Capesius was not only complicit in the criminal acts in the concentration camp, but directly involved in the systematic killing of thousands of Jewish people - among other things, by dispensing Zyklon B and phenol and by the lethal selection of people at the ramp. The alleged compulsion to join the Waffen-SS, on the other hand, cannot be substantiated. After 1945, Capesius was imprisoned twice by the Allies, but only charged in the first Auschwitz trial in the 1960s. Despite a guilty verdict, he was released from prison as early as 1968. At the end of his life, Capesius could look back on a successful career as a pharmacist and businessman in Germany. At no time did he come to a self-critical evaluation of his role in the Third Reich.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Wilhelmy
- Institute for the History, Theory and Ethics of Medicine, Medical Faculty, University (RWTH) of Aachen, Germany;,
| | - A I Bekel
- Institute for the History, Theory and Ethics of Medicine, Medical Faculty, University (RWTH) of Aachen, Germany
| | - D Gross
- Institute for the History, Theory and Ethics of Medicine, Medical Faculty, University (RWTH) of Aachen, Germany
| | - M Schmidt
- Institute for the History, Theory and Ethics of Medicine, Medical Faculty, University (RWTH) of Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chicheportiche A, Godefroy J, Krausz Y, Grozinsky-Glasberg S, Oleinikov K, Gross D, Meirovitz A, Ben-Haim S. [RADIONUCLIDE THERAPY OF NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS - IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROTOCOL FOR MEASUREMENT OF PATIENT RADIATION EXPOSURE]. Harefuah 2021; 160:419-424. [PMID: 34263567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive power of the absorbed dose to kidneys after the first course of treatment with [177Lu]-DOTA-TATE on the cumulative kidney absorbed dose after 3 or 4 cycles of treatment. BACKGROUND Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with [177Lu]-DOTA-TATE is an effective treatment for somatostatin receptor positive neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Post-treatment scans (PTS) are required after each cycle of treatment for personalized radiation dosimetry in order to calculate the dose to organs and tumors and to ensure a cumulative absorbed dose to kidneys under a safety threshold of 25 Gy. METHODS A total of 187 patients who completed treatment and underwent PTS for dosimetry calculation were included in this retrospective study. The correlation between the cumulative absorbed dose to the kidneys after completion of treatment and the absorbed dose after the first cycle(s) was studied. Multilinear regression analysis was performed to predict the cumulative absorbed dose by the kidneys in the subsequent cycles. An algorithm for the follow-up of the kidney absorbed dose is proposed. RESULTS When the absorbed dose to kidneys after the first cycle of treatment is below 5.6 Gy, four cycles of treatment can be safely administered with a cumulative dose less than 25 Gy (p < 0.1). For the remaining patients, the cumulative dose absorbed after 3 or 4 cycles of treatment can be predicted after the second cycle of treatment. This protocol enabled early decisions on the number of treatment cycles and reduced the number of post-treatment SPECT/CT studies for dosimetry in 34% of patients, as well as hospitalization time for 56% of the treatment cycles. CONCLUSIONS Assessment of the kidney absorbed dose after PRRT can be simplified with the algorithm presented in this study. This approach enabled early decisions on the number of therapy cycles in 75% of patients. DISCUSSION The validity of these results is limited to the protocol of dosimetry calculation used in our institution. Implementation in other centers may require standardization of the acquisition parameters and the dosimetry protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Chicheportiche
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biophysics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jeremy Godefroy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biophysics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yodphat Krausz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biophysics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | - Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg
- Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit, ENETS Center of Excellence, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | - Kira Oleinikov
- Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit, ENETS Center of Excellence, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | - David Gross
- Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit, ENETS Center of Excellence, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | - Amichay Meirovitz
- Oncology Department and Radiation Therapy Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Simona Ben-Haim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biophysics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London and UCL Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kruse-Diehr AJ, Oliveri JM, Vanderpool RC, Katz ML, Reiter PL, Gray DM, Pennell ML, Young GS, Huang B, Fickle D, Cromo M, Rogers M, Gross D, Gibson A, Jellison J, Sarap MD, Bivens TA, McGuire TD, McAlearney AS, Huerta TR, Rahurkar S, Paskett ED, Dignan M. Development of a multilevel intervention to increase colorectal cancer screening in Appalachia. Implement Sci Commun 2021; 2:51. [PMID: 34011410 PMCID: PMC8136225 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-021-00151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates are lower in Appalachian regions of the United States than in non-Appalachian regions. Given the availability of various screening modalities, there is critical need for culturally relevant interventions addressing multiple socioecological levels to reduce the regional CRC burden. In this report, we describe the development and baseline findings from year 1 of "Accelerating Colorectal Cancer Screening through Implementation Science (ACCSIS) in Appalachia," a 5-year, National Cancer Institute Cancer MoonshotSM-funded multilevel intervention (MLI) project to increase screening in Appalachian Kentucky and Ohio primary care clinics. METHODS Project development was theory-driven and included the establishment of both an external Scientific Advisory Board and a Community Advisory Board to provide guidance in conducting formative activities in two Appalachian counties: one in Kentucky and one in Ohio. Activities included identifying and describing the study communities and primary care clinics, selecting appropriate evidence-based interventions (EBIs), and conducting a pilot test of MLI strategies addressing patient, provider, clinic, and community needs. RESULTS Key informant interviews identified multiple barriers to CRC screening, including fear of screening, test results, and financial concerns (patient level); lack of time and competing priorities (provider level); lack of reminder or tracking systems and staff burden (clinic level); and cultural issues, societal norms, and transportation (community level). With this information, investigators then offered clinics a menu of EBIs and strategies to address barriers at each level. Clinics selected individually tailored MLIs, including improvement of patient education materials, provision of provider education (resulting in increased knowledge, p = .003), enhancement of electronic health record (EHR) systems and development of clinic screening protocols, and implementation of community CRC awareness events, all of which promoted stool-based screening (i.e., FIT or FIT-DNA). Variability among clinics, including differences in EHR systems, was the most salient barrier to EBI implementation, particularly in terms of tracking follow-up of positive screening results, whereas the development of clinic-wide screening protocols was found to promote fidelity to EBI components. CONCLUSIONS Lessons learned from year 1 included increased recognition of variability among the clinics and how they function, appreciation for clinic staff and provider workload, and development of strategies to utilize EHR systems. These findings necessitated a modification of study design for subsequent years. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial NCT04427527 is registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov and was registered on June 11, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Kruse-Diehr
- University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA.
- University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Jill M Oliveri
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Mira L Katz
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paul L Reiter
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Darrell M Gray
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael L Pennell
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gregory S Young
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bin Huang
- University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Darla Fickle
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark Cromo
- University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Melinda Rogers
- University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - David Gross
- Northeast Kentucky Area Health Education Center, Morehead, KY, USA
| | - Ashley Gibson
- Northeast Kentucky Area Health Education Center, Morehead, KY, USA
| | | | | | - Tonia A Bivens
- Lewis County Primary Care Center, Inc. dba PrimaryPlus, Vanceburg, KY, USA
| | - Tracy D McGuire
- Lewis County Primary Care Center, Inc. dba PrimaryPlus, Vanceburg, KY, USA
| | - Ann Scheck McAlearney
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Timothy R Huerta
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Saurabh Rahurkar
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Electra D Paskett
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark Dignan
- University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kruse-Diehr AJ, Cromo M, Rogers M, Carman A, Huang B, Gross D, Russell S, Fairchild V, Dignan M. Abstract P12: Colorectal cancer screening in Appalachian Kentucky primary care clinics during COVID-19. Clin Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.covid-19-21-p12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality is disproportionately higher in Appalachian counties of Kentucky than in non-Appalachian regions. Part of the mortality gap can be explained by lower screening rates in Appalachian counties. Researchers at Markey Cancer Center partnered with primary care clinics in eastern Kentucky to address this disparity by identifying strategies to implement evidence-based interventions (EBIs) to improve CRC screening and follow-up in Appalachian Kentucky. Methods: Members of the research team conducted formative research activities to identify multilevel barriers to CRC screening. A menu of EBIs was then created to address these barriers, and clinic champions selected EBIs that were feasible in their respective practices. However, because of restrictions during COVID-19, clinics experienced multiple changes to workflow and operations, necessitating modifications to program activities. Over a series of virtual meetings, clinic champions selected adaptations that could allow clinics to continue promoting CRC screening in their practices despite COVID-related limitations. Results: Changes in clinic staffing and workflow resulting from COVID-19 included provider furloughs, a state-mandated pause in elective procedures, mandatory parking lot visits for many in-person visits, and an increase in telehealth. Among our clinic partners, total in-person visits were reduced by nearly half from first to second quarter of 2020, whereas telehealth visits were 23 times higher, though telehealth visits were cut in half by third quarter. To match these changing modes of practice, clinics adapted creative strategies for communicating CRC screening recommendations to patients, including shifting from paper to digital educational tools, promoting screening via telehealth visits, and prioritizing recommendations for stool-based tests over colonoscopy for average-risk patients. As a result, orders for FIT and FIT-DNA were 2 and 3 times higher, respectively, from second to third quarter of 2020. Conclusion: Rural primary care clinics in Appalachia continue to promote CRC screening despite the multiple challenges related to COVID-19. One relevant reference for clinicians is the National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable’s playbook for reigniting CRC screening during COVID-19, a document that promotes stool-based screening for average-risk patients. While elective procedures remain backlogged in rural areas due to state regulations, research partners should emphasize the need to prioritize stool-based CRC screening for average-risk populations and reserve scheduling colonoscopies for high-risk individuals or those with abnormal stool-based test results. While our clinical partners had previously focused on a “colonoscopy first” approach to screening, our findings suggest that our clinic partners increased orders for stool-based CRC tests. Nevertheless, continued outreach is needed to ensure CRC screening rates remain optimal.
Citation Format: Aaron J. Kruse-Diehr, Mark Cromo, Melinda Rogers, Angela Carman, Bin Huang, David Gross, Sue Russell, Vickie Fairchild, Mark Dignan. Colorectal cancer screening in Appalachian Kentucky primary care clinics during COVID-19 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2021 Feb 3-5. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(6_Suppl):Abstract nr P12.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melinda Rogers
- 2University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY,
| | | | - Bin Huang
- 1University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,
| | - David Gross
- 3Northeast Kentucky Area Health Education Center, Morehead, KY
| | - Sue Russell
- 3Northeast Kentucky Area Health Education Center, Morehead, KY
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gross D, Gumhold S. Advanced Rendering of Line Data with Ambient Occlusion and Transparency. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 2021; 27:614-624. [PMID: 33026996 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2020.3028954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
3D Lines are a widespread rendering primitive for the visualization of data from research fields like fluid dynamics or fiber tractography. Global illumination effects and transparent rendering improve the perception of three-dimensional features and decrease occlusion within the data set, thus enabling better understanding of complex line data. We present an efficient approach for high quality GPU-based rendering of line data with ambient occlusion and transparency effects. Our approach builds on GPU-based raycasting of rounded cones, which are geometric primitives similar to truncated cones, but with spherical endcaps. Object space ambient occlusion is provided by an efficient voxel cone tracing approach. Our core contribution is a new fragment visibility sorting strategy that allows for interactive visualization of line data sets with millions of line segments. We improve performance further by exploiting hierarchical opacity maps.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kruse-Diehr AJ, Oliveri JM, Katz ML, Cromo M, Vanderpool RC, Pennell ML, Gray DM, Reiter PL, Huang B, Young GS, Fickle D, Rogers M, Gross D, Russell S, Paskett ED, Dignan M. Abstract PO-253: Increasing colorectal cancer screening in rural underserved communities with multilevel interventions: Formative evaluation of accelerating colorectal cancer screening and follow-up through implementation science in Appalachia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp20-po-253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is lower in Appalachian regions of Kentucky and Ohio than in their non-Appalachian counterparts, with lower screening contributing to increased CRC incidence and mortality. To address CRC disparities in these underserved regions, researchers from the University of Kentucky and The Ohio State University partnered with two federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) to develop and implement multilevel interventions (MLIs) during year one of a 5-year National Cancer Institute funded Cancer Moonshot project to increase CRC screening and follow-up in Appalachian Kentucky and Ohio. Methods: Drawing from the Model for the Analysis of Population Health and Health Disparities and using a social determinants of health framework, researchers selected and partnered with Community Advisory Boards (CAB) to guide project formation in two Appalachian counties, one in Kentucky and one in Ohio. These formative activities included creating community profiles, conducting key informant interviews with clinic and community champions, and completing data inventories to assess clinic capacity, ultimately resulting in two primary care clinics being selected for pilot year implementation activities. Results: Key informant interviews revealed barriers to CRC screening at multiple levels: patient (e.g., fear of screening results), provider (e.g., competing priorities), clinic (e.g., lack of reminder or tracking systems), and community (e.g., cultural norms). Clinic champions were provided with menus of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) to address barriers at each level and were encouraged to select locally relevant, implementable EBIs. Clinics chose to implement the following EBIs: improved patient education materials (patient-level), additional provider education (provider-level), improvement of electronic health record (EHR) reporting and creation of clinic-wide screening protocols (clinic-level), and provision of interactive screening education at community events (community- level). Conclusion: Results from pilot year activities were used to refine the project approach for years two through five. Project activities will be expanded to 10 more Appalachian counties in Kentucky and Ohio using a design wherein counties will be paired by participating clinic patient volume. As in pilot year activities, clinic/community champions will be encouraged to select EBIs appropriate to their patients, providers, clinics, and communities. To measure clinical outcomes, self- reported screening will be monitored using data from county-wide telephone surveys with additional data from clinic EHRs. Using an MLI approach may be well- received in underserved rural Appalachian communities and may ultimately be successful at reducing CRC screening disparities.
Citation Format: Aaron J. Kruse-Diehr, Jill M. Oliveri, Mira L. Katz, Mark Cromo, Robin C. Vanderpool, Michael L. Pennell, Darrell M. Gray II, Paul L. Reiter, Bin Huang, Gregory S. Young, Darla Fickle, Melinda Rogers, David Gross, Sue Russell, Electra D. Paskett, Mark Dignan. Increasing colorectal cancer screening in rural underserved communities with multilevel interventions: Formative evaluation of accelerating colorectal cancer screening and follow-up through implementation science in Appalachia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-253.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jill M. Oliveri
- 2The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH,
| | - Mira L. Katz
- 2The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH,
| | - Mark Cromo
- 3University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY,
| | | | | | - Darrell M. Gray
- 5The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH,
| | - Paul L. Reiter
- 4The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH,
| | - Bin Huang
- 3University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY,
| | | | - Darla Fickle
- 2The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH,
| | - Melinda Rogers
- 3University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY,
| | - David Gross
- 6Northeast Kentucky Area Health Education Center, Morehead, KY
| | - Sue Russell
- 6Northeast Kentucky Area Health Education Center, Morehead, KY
| | | | - Mark Dignan
- 3University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Robboy SJ, Gross D, Park JY, Kittrie E, Crawford JM, Johnson RL, Cohen MB, Karcher DS, Hoffman RD, Smith AT, Black-Schaffer WS. Reevaluation of the US Pathologist Workforce Size. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2010648. [PMID: 32672830 PMCID: PMC7366184 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE There is currently no national organization that publishes its data that serves as the authoritative source of the pathologist workforce in the US. Accurate physician numbers are needed to plan for future health care service requirements. OBJECTIVE To assess the accuracy of current pathologist workforce estimates in the US by examining why divergency appears in different published resources. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study examined the American Board of Pathology classification for pathologist primary specialty and subspecialties and analyzed previously published reports from the following data sources: the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), a 2013 College of American Pathologists (CAP) report, a commercially available version of the American Medical Assoication (AMA) Physician Masterfile, and an unpublished data summary from June 10, 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Number of physicians classified as pathologists. RESULTS The most recent AAMC data from 2017 (published in 2018) reported 12 839 physicians practicing "anatomic/clinical pathology," which is a subset of the whole. In comparison, the current AMA Physician Masterfile, which is not available publicly, listed 21 292 active pathologists in June 2019. The AMA Physician Masterfile includes all pathologists in 15 subspecialized training areas as identified by the ACGME. By contrast, AAMC's data, which derive from the AMA Physician Masterfile data, only count physicians primarily associated with 3 general categories of pathologists and 1 subspecialty category (ie, chemical pathology). Thus, the AAMC pathology workforce estimate does not include those whose principal work is in 11 subspecialty areas, such as blood banking or transfusion medicine, cytopathology, hematopathology, or microbiology. An additional discrepancy relates to the ACGME residency (specialties) and fellowship (subspecialties) training programs in which pathologists with training in dermatopathology appear as dermatologists and pathologists with training in molecular genetic pathology appear as medical geneticists. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This analysis found that most sources reported only select categories of the pathologist workforce rather than the complete workforce. The discordant nature of reporting may pertain to other medical specialties that have undergone increased subspecialization during the past 2 decades (eg, surgery and medicine). Reconsideration of the methods for determining the pathologist workforce and for all workforces in medicine appears to be needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley J. Robboy
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David Gross
- College of American Pathologists, Washington, DC
| | - Jason Y. Park
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Elizabeth Kittrie
- US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Health Workforce, Rockville, Maryland
| | - James M. Crawford
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
| | | | - Michael B. Cohen
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Donald S. Karcher
- Department of Pathology, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Robert D. Hoffman
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chatzellis E, Daskalakis K, Angelousi A, Tsoli M, Alexandraki KI, Wachula E, Meirovitz A, Maimon O, Grozinsky-Glasberg S, Gross D, Kos-Kudła B, Koumarianou A, Kaltsas G. Authors' Response to the Letter by Lamarca et al. Entitled "Temozolomide-Capecitabine Chemotherapy for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: The Dilemma of Treatment Duration" Regarding "Activity and Safety of Standard and Prolonged Capecitabine/Temozolomide Administration in Patients with Advanced Neuroendocrine Neoplasms". Neuroendocrinology 2020; 110:158-160. [PMID: 31597137 DOI: 10.1159/000503999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Chatzellis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece,
- 251 HAF and VA Hospital, Athens, Greece,
| | - Kosmas Daskalakis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Angelousi
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Tsoli
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Krystallenia I Alexandraki
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ewa Wachula
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Amichay Meirovitz
- Oncology Department and Radiation Therapy Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofra Maimon
- Oncology Department and Radiation Therapy Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg
- Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Gross
- Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Beata Kos-Kudła
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Neoplasms, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Koumarianou
- Hematology-Oncology Unit, Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregory Kaltsas
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Wei J, Gross D, Lane NE, Lu N, Wang M, Zeng C, Yang T, Lei G, Choi HK, Zhang Y. Risk factor heterogeneity for medial and lateral compartment knee osteoarthritis: analysis of two prospective cohorts. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:603-610. [PMID: 30597274 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the etiologic heterogeneity between medial and lateral tibiofemoral radiographic osteoarthritis (ROA). METHODS Knees without medial or lateral tibiofemoral ROA at baseline were followed for 60-month in Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST) and for 48-month in Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI). We examined the relation of previously reported risk factors to incident medial and lateral tibiofemoral ROA separately and determined the etiology heterogeneity with a ratio of rate ratios (RRs) (i.e., the RR for medial tibiofemoral ROA divided by the RR for lateral tibiofemoral ROA) using a duplication method for Cox proportional hazard regression. RESULTS Of 2,016 participants in MOST, 436 and 162 knees developed medial or lateral tibiofemoral ROA, respectively. Obesity and varus malalignment were 95% and 466% more strongly associated with incident medial tibiofemoral ROA than with lateral tibiofemoral ROA, respectively (ratios of RRs, 1.95 [95% confidence interval (CI):1.05-3.62] and 5.66 [95% CI:3.20-10.0]). In contrast, the associations of female sex and valgus malalignment with incident medial tibiofemoral ROA were weaker or in an opposite direction compared with lateral tibiofemoral Osteoarthritis (OA) (ratios of RRs, 0.40 [95% CI:0.26-0.63] and 0.20 [95% CI:0.12-0.34], respectively). Older age tended to show a weaker association with incident medial tibiofemoral ROA than with incident lateral tibiofemoral ROA. No heterogeneity was observed for the relation of race, knee injury, or contralateral knee ROA. These findings were closely replicated in OAI. CONCLUSION Risk factor profiles for medial and lateral tibiofemoral ROA are different. These results can provide a framework for the development of targeted prevention and potential treatment strategies for specific knee OA subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Wei
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - D Gross
- Department of Physical Therapy, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N E Lane
- Center for Musculoskeletal Health University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - N Lu
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Zeng
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - T Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - G Lei
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - H K Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Khilfeh I, Guyette E, Watkins J, Danielson D, Gross D, Yeung K. Adherence, Persistence, and Expenditures for High-Cost Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Exploratory Study. J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2019; 25:461-467. [PMID: 30917076 PMCID: PMC10398092 DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2019.25.4.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drugs for inflammatory conditions are one of the highest expenditure therapeutic classes for health plans. Published literature for adherence, persistence, nonadherence risk factors, and health care costs are incomplete for newer biologic agents. OBJECTIVES To (a) examine differences in adherence, persistence, switch patterns, and health care costs among high-cost specialty anti-inflammatory medications and (b) suggest risk factors for nonadherence in rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS In this exploratory retrospective cohort study, we used medical and pharmacy claims from 1.2 million enrollees in commercial health plans administrated by Premera Blue Cross, the largest not-for-profit health plan in the Pacific Northwest. We included members with rheumatoid arthritis who used the following high-cost disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: abatacept, adalimumab, anakinra, apremilast, certolizumab, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, rituximab, sekukinumab, tocilizumab, tofacitinib, and ustekinumab. Adherence was calculated via medication possession ratio. Persistence was calculated as the amount of days between the initial fill and final fill plus days supply. Switch rates for adalimumab and etanercept were calculated as the percentage of members who switched to another target drug during the observation period. Direct medical costs (total health care costs) and health care costs excluding specialty agents were calculated using the net allowable amount per claim for the duration of each therapy. Adherence, persistence, and costs of care were also examined for concurrent methotrexate use for the most used target drugs. RESULTS The most commonly used drugs were abatacept (n = 47), adalimumab (n = 226), and etanercept (n = 252). Nonadherence in certain subgroups was associated with higher mean monthly health care costs, excluding specialty agents (etanercept cohort: +$1,063 for nonmethotrexate users; +$492 for nonadherent methotrexate users), but adherence was associated with higher total health care costs (+$883 for etanercept). Relative to specialty pharmacies, retail was associated with 9% higher nonadherence. Concurrent methotrexate use was associated with higher persistence (+307 and +192 days with adalimumab and etanercept). The most commonly switched-to drug after adalimumab/etanercept was abatacept (n = 39). CONCLUSIONS This exploratory study raises signals suggesting that retail pharmacies may be associated with higher nonadherence; nonadherence may be associated with increased health care costs, excluding specialty agents; adherence may increase total health care costs; and methotrexate use may be associated with increased persistence. Future research should confirm these findings. DISCLOSURES This research was part of an internship awarded to Khilfeh by the AMCP Foundation/Pfizer Summer Internship Program and funded by Pfizer. Gross is an employee of Pfizer. The other authors have nothing to disclose. A portion of this research was presented at the AMCP Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy Annual Meeting as a continuing education session entitled "The Evolving Role of Real-World Data in Health Care Decision Making" on March 29, 2017, in Denver, CO, and at AMCP Nexus 2016 as a poster on October 3-6, 2016, in National Harbor, MD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Guyette
- Premera Blue Cross, Mountlake Terrace, Washington
| | - John Watkins
- University of Washington School of Pharmacy, Seattle, and Premera Blue Cross, Mountlake Terrace, Washington
| | | | | | - Kai Yeung
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chatzellis E, Angelousi A, Daskalakis K, Tsoli M, Alexandraki KI, Wachuła E, Meirovitz A, Maimon O, Grozinsky-Glasberg S, Gross D, Kos-Kudła B, Koumarianou A, Kaltsas G. Activity and Safety of Standard and Prolonged Capecitabine/Temozolomide Administration in Patients with Advanced Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Neuroendocrinology 2019; 109:333-345. [PMID: 31167197 DOI: 10.1159/000500135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capecitabine and temozolomide combination (CAPTEM) is associated with high response rates in patients with advanced neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). We evaluated the real-world activity and safety of CAPTEM from 3 NEN centers. METHODS Clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of patients treated with CAPTEM for bulky or progressive disease (PD) were retrospectively analyzed. -Results: Seventy-nine patients with gastroenteropancreatic (grades 1-2 [n = 38], grade 3 [n = 24]) and lung/thymic (n = 17) NENs were included. Median treatment duration was 12.1 months (range 0.6-55.6). Overall, partial responses (PRs) occurred in 23 (29.1%), stable (SD) in 24 (30.4%), and PD in 28 (35.4%) patients. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 10.1 (6-14.2) and 102.9 months (43.3-162.5), respectively. On univariate analysis, NENs naive to chemotherapy and low Ki67 were associated with favorable responses (partial response [PR] + SD; p = 0.011 and 0.045), PFS (p < 0.0001 and 0.002) and OS (p = 0.005 and 0.001). Primary site (pancreas and lung/thymus) was also a significant prognostic factor for PFS (p < 0.0001) and OS (p < 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, gastrointestinal and unknown primary NENs (hazard ratio [HR] 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.8, p = 0.009 and p = 0.018) and prior surgery (HR 2.4, 95% CI 11-4.9, p = 0.021) were independent prognostic factors for PFS. Ki-67 was a poor predictor for favorable response in receiver operating characteristic analysis (area under the curve 0.678). Safety analysis of CAPTEM indicated rare events of serious (grades 3-4) toxicities (n = 4) and low discontinuation rates (n = 8) even in patients with prolonged administration (>12 months). CONCLUSIONS CAPTEM treatment can be an effective and safe treatment even after prolonged administration for patients with NENs of various sites and Ki67 labeling index, associated with significant favorable responses and PFS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Chatzellis
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece,
- 251 HAF and VA Hospital, Athens, Greece,
| | - Anna Angelousi
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kosmas Daskalakis
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marina Tsoli
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Krystallenia I Alexandraki
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ewa Wachuła
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Amichay Meirovitz
- Oncology Department and Radiation Therapy Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofra Maimon
- Oncology Department and Radiation Therapy Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Gross
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Beata Kos-Kudła
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Neoplasms, Department of Endocrinology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Koumarianou
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology Unit, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregory Kaltsas
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Schmidt M, Gross D, Westemeier J. Karl Blumenreuter (1881-1969): Himmler's chief pharmacist and medical supply quartermaster of the SS. Pharmazie 2018; 73:244-247. [PMID: 29609694 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2018.7178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
The present article elucidates the role and function of SS Gruppenführer Karl Blumenreuter (1881-1969), the leading pharmacist of the SS. The aim is to clarify how he participated in the crimes of the Nazi Party and especially the SS during the "Third Reich" and the extent to which he was brought to justice after 1945. Central elements of the study are based on researched archival primary sources. The latter were compared with each other and supplemented with the currently available secondary literature on the subject. It can be established that Blumenreuter was a zealous National Socialist with marked career ambitions who advanced within the SS to the rank of SS Gruppenführer and Lieutenant General of the Waffen SS (Generalleutnant der Waffen SS). He supplied pre-measured phenol ampoules for the murder of prisoners in the concentration camps. Blumenreuter furthermore organised equipment and material supplies for various experiments on humans. After 1945 he succeeded in playing down his participation in the crimes in the time of National Socialism. Blumenreuter died in 1969 without having being brought to justice by the judiciary and without having reflected self-critically on his role in the "Third Reich".
Collapse
|
20
|
Roth I, Kueng R, Kimmel S, Liu YK, Gross D, Eisert J, Kliesch M. Recovering Quantum Gates from Few Average Gate Fidelities. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:170502. [PMID: 30411921 PMCID: PMC6768554 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.170502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing quantum processes is a key task in the development of quantum technologies, especially at the noisy intermediate scale of today's devices. One method for characterizing processes is randomized benchmarking, which is robust against state preparation and measurement errors and can be used to benchmark Clifford gates. Compressed sensing techniques achieve full tomography of quantum channels essentially at optimal resource efficiency. In this Letter, we show that the favorable features of both approaches can be combined. For characterizing multiqubit unitary gates, we provide a rigorously guaranteed and practical reconstruction method that works with an essentially optimal number of average gate fidelities measured with respect to random Clifford unitaries. Moreover, for general unital quantum channels, we provide an explicit expansion into a unitary 2-design, allowing for a practical and guaranteed reconstruction also in that case. As a side result, we obtain a new statistical interpretation of the unitarity-a figure of merit characterizing the coherence of a process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I. Roth
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Kueng
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
| | - S. Kimmel
- Department of Computer Science, Middlebury College, USA
| | - Y.-K. Liu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science (QuICS), University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - D. Gross
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - J. Eisert
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Kliesch
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, National Quantum Information Centre, University of Gdańsk, Poland
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Riofrío CA, Gross D, Flammia ST, Monz T, Nigg D, Blatt R, Eisert J. Experimental quantum compressed sensing for a seven-qubit system. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15305. [PMID: 28513587 PMCID: PMC5442320 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-controlled quantum devices with their increasing system size face a new roadblock hindering further development of quantum technologies. The effort of quantum tomography—the reconstruction of states and processes of a quantum device—scales unfavourably: state-of-the-art systems can no longer be characterized. Quantum compressed sensing mitigates this problem by reconstructing states from incomplete data. Here we present an experimental implementation of compressed tomography of a seven-qubit system—a topological colour code prepared in a trapped ion architecture. We are in the highly incomplete—127 Pauli basis measurement settings—and highly noisy—100 repetitions each—regime. Originally, compressed sensing was advocated for states with few non-zero eigenvalues. We argue that low-rank estimates are appropriate in general since statistical noise enables reliable reconstruction of only the leading eigenvectors. The remaining eigenvectors behave consistently with a random-matrix model that carries no information about the true state. Quantum compressed sensing can provide a scalable way to characterize quantum states and devices, but has been so far limited to states with quickly decaying eigenvalues. Here the authors show that it can be appropriate even in the general case, demonstrating reconstruction the state of a seven-qubit system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Riofrío
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Gross
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany.,Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S T Flammia
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - T Monz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Nigg
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Blatt
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstraße 21a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Eisert
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang Z, Wu X, Lau J, Mo P, Mak W, Wang X, Yang X, Gross D, Jiang H. Prevalence of and factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse with regular and nonregular male sexual partners among newly diagnosed HIV-positive men who have sex with men in China. HIV Med 2017; 18:635-646. [PMID: 28230311 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the prevalence of, and multi-dimensional factors associated with, unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with regular male sexual partners ('regular partners') and nonregular male sexual partners ('nonregular partners') among newly diagnosed HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in Chengdu, China. METHODS A total of 225 newly diagnosed HIV-positive MSM were interviewed using a combined interviewer-computer-assisted method in Chengdu, China. RESULTS The prevalence of UAI with regular and nonregular partners since diagnosis was 27.7% and 33.8% among participants reporting having sex with regular and nonregular partners (n = 159 and 133), respectively. Adjusted analysis showed that: (1) cognitive variables based on the Health Belief Model (perceived susceptibility to HIV transmission and perceived severity of the consequences of HIV transmission, perceived barriers and perceived self-efficacy related to consistent condom use), (2) emotion-related variables (worry about transmitting HIV to others), (3) psychological factors (post-traumatic growth) and (4) socio-structural factors (perceived partners' responsibility for condom use) were significantly associated with UAI with regular and/or nonregular partners. CONCLUSIONS Interventions are warranted, and should be designed with consideration of multi-dimensional factors and be partner type-specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - X Wu
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jtf Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pkh Mo
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wws Mak
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - X Wang
- Chengdu Tongle Health Counselling Service Center, Chengdu, China
| | - X Yang
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - D Gross
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - H Jiang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Perren A, Couvelard A, Scoazec JY, Costa F, Borbath I, Delle Fave G, Gorbounova V, Gross D, Grossma A, Jense RT, Kulke M, Oeberg K, Rindi G, Sorbye H, Welin S. ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Pathology: Diagnosis and Prognostic Stratification. Neuroendocrinology 2017; 105:196-200. [PMID: 28190015 DOI: 10.1159/000457956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) proposed standard of care guidelines for pathology in 2009. Since then, profound changes in the classification have been made, dividing neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN) into well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) in the 2010 WHO classification. The 7th edition of the TNM classification (2009) included NEN for the first time, widely adapting ENETS proposals but with some differences for NEC and for NET of the pancreas and the appendix. Therapy guidelines for gastroenteropancreatic NET were updated in 2016. The need for an update of the standards of care prompted the ENETS to organize a consensus conference which was held in Antibes in 2015; a working group was designated to propose pathological standards of care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurel Perren
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Oberg K, Couvelard A, Delle Fave G, Gross D, Grossman A, Jensen RT, Pape UF, Perren A, Rindi G, Ruszniewski P, Scoazec JY, Welin S, Wiedenmann B, Ferone D. ENETS Consensus Guidelines for Standard of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumours: Biochemical Markers. Neuroendocrinology 2017; 105:201-211. [PMID: 28391265 DOI: 10.1159/000472254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers have been the mainstay in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) over the last few decades. In the beginning, secretory products from a variety of subtypes of NETs were regarded as biomarkers to follow during diagnosis and treatment: serotonin for small intestinal (SI) NETs, and gastrin and insulin for pancreatic NETs. However, it became evident that a large number of NETs were so-called nonfunctioning tumors without secreting substances that caused hormone-related symptoms. Therefore, it was necessary to develop so-called “general tumor markers.” The most important ones so far have been chromogranin A and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Chromogranin A is the most important general biomarker for most NETs with a sensitivity and specificity somewhere between 60 and 90%. NSE has been a relevant biomarker for patients with high-grade tumors, particularly lung and gastrointestinal tract tumors. Serotonin and the breakdown product urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (U-5-HIAA) is still an important marker for diagnosing and follow-up of SI NETs. Recently, 5-HIAA in plasma has been analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorometric detection and has shown good agreement with U-5-HIAA analysis. In the future, we will see new tests including circulating tumor cells, circulating DNA and mRNA. Recently, a NET test has been developed analyzing gene transcripts in circulating blood. Preliminary data indicate high sensitivity and specificity for NETs. However, its precise role has to be validated in prospective randomized controlled trials which are ongoing right now.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kjell Oberg
- Department of Endocrine Oncology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Daskevich C, Tomlinson V, Gross D, Nguyen D, Gibson A, Napier-Earle T, Mizwa M. Corporate social responsibility - The power of philanthropy in the
developing world for an academic medical center. Ann Glob Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
26
|
Silvestrin T, Steenrod A, Coyne K, Gross D, Esinduy C, Kodsi A, Slifka G, Abraham L, Araiza A, Bushmakin A, Luo X. Outcomes of implementing the women's health assessment tool and clinical decision support toolkit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 12:313-23. [PMID: 27188377 DOI: 10.2217/whe.16.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate outcomes after implementing the women's health assessment tool (WHAT) and clinical decision support toolkit during annual well-women visits. METHODS An observational project involved women aged 45-64 years attending one of three medical sites in Washington (WA, USA). Responses to the WHAT questionnaire and patients' health resource utilization prepost toolkit implementation were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 110 women completed the WHAT questionnaire. Majority of women were postmenopausal (77.3%) and experienced depressive mood (63.6%), hot flashes (61.8%) or anxiety (60.9%) in the last 3 months. There was a 72.2% increase in the number of diagnoses made during the annual visit versus the previous 12 months. CONCLUSION The WHAT/clinical decision support toolkit helped identify conditions relevant to mid-life women.
Collapse
|
27
|
Miller S, Bergman R, Duffy M, Gross D, Jackson A, James R, Kotrebai M, Lamontagne A, Lyon T, Yandek E, Sliney D. Interlaboratory Evaluation of Ultraviolet Radiation Emissions from Compact Fluorescent Lamps. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 92:348-354. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Miller
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health; US Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring MD
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert James
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health; US Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring MD
| | | | - Andre Lamontagne
- Winchester Engineering and Analytical Center; US Food and Drug Administration; Winchester MA
| | | | | | - David Sliney
- Division of Environmental Health Engineering; Bloomberg School of Public Health; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore MD
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Niederle B, Pape UF, Costa F, Gross D, Kelestimur F, Knigge U, Öberg K, Pavel M, Perren A, Toumpanakis C, O'Connor J, O'Toole D, Krenning E, Reed N, Kianmanesh R. ENETS Consensus Guidelines Update for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Jejunum and Ileum. Neuroendocrinology 2016; 103:125-38. [PMID: 26758972 DOI: 10.1159/000443170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Niederle
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pape UF, Niederle B, Costa F, Gross D, Kelestimur F, Kianmanesh R, Knigge U, Öberg K, Pavel M, Perren A, Toumpanakis C, O'Connor J, Krenning E, Reed N, O'Toole D. ENETS Consensus Guidelines for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Appendix (Excluding Goblet Cell Carcinomas). Neuroendocrinology 2016; 103:144-52. [PMID: 26730583 DOI: 10.1159/000443165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U-F Pape
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charitx00E9; Universitx00E4;tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pavel M, O'Toole D, Costa F, Capdevila J, Gross D, Kianmanesh R, Krenning E, Knigge U, Salazar R, Pape UF, Öberg K. ENETS Consensus Guidelines Update for the Management of Distant Metastatic Disease of Intestinal, Pancreatic, Bronchial Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NEN) and NEN of Unknown Primary Site. Neuroendocrinology 2016; 103:172-85. [PMID: 26731013 DOI: 10.1159/000443167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 659] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Pavel
- Charite Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gupta S, Black-Schaffer WS, Crawford JM, Gross D, Karcher DS, Kaufman J, Knapman D, Prystowsky MB, Wheeler TM, Bean S, Kumar P, Sharma R, Chamoli V, Ghai V, Gogia V, Weintraub S, Cohen MB, Robboy SJ. An Innovative Interactive Modeling Tool to Analyze Scenario-Based Physician Workforce Supply and Demand. Acad Pathol 2015; 2:2374289515606730. [PMID: 28725751 PMCID: PMC5479464 DOI: 10.1177/2374289515606730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective physician workforce management requires that the various organizations comprising the House of Medicine be able to assess their current and future workforce supply. This information has direct relevance to funding of graduate medical education. We describe a dynamic modeling tool that examines how individual factors and practice variables can be used to measure and forecast the supply and demand for existing and new physician services. The system we describe, while built to analyze the pathologist workforce, is sufficiently broad and robust for use in any medical specialty. Our design provides a computer-based software model populated with data from surveys and best estimates by specialty experts about current and new activities in the scope of practice. The model describes the steps needed and data required for analysis of supply and demand. Our modeling tool allows educators and policy makers, in addition to physician specialty organizations, to assess how various factors may affect demand (and supply) of current and emerging services. Examples of factors evaluated include types of professional services (3 categories with 16 subcategories), service locations, elements related to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, new technologies, aging population, and changing roles in capitated, value-based, and team-based systems of care. The model also helps identify where physicians in a given specialty will likely need to assume new roles, develop new expertise, and become more efficient in practice to accommodate new value-based payment models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - W Stephen Black-Schaffer
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James M Crawford
- Department of Pathology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - David Gross
- College of American Pathologists, Washington DC, WA, USA
| | - Donald S Karcher
- Department of Pathology, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Jill Kaufman
- College of American Pathologists, Washington DC, WA, USA
| | - Doug Knapman
- College of American Pathologists, Washington DC, WA, USA
| | - Michael B Prystowsky
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Thomas M Wheeler
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Bean
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Vaibhav Chamoli
- XLRI-Xavier School of Management, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | | | | | | | - Michael B Cohen
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stanley J Robboy
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Inagaki F, Hinrichs KU, Kubo Y, Bowles MW, Heuer VB, Hong WL, Hoshino T, Ijiri A, Imachi H, Ito M, Kaneko M, Lever MA, Lin YS, Methé BA, Morita S, Morono Y, Tanikawa W, Bihan M, Bowden SA, Elvert M, Glombitza C, Gross D, Harrington GJ, Hori T, Li K, Limmer D, Liu CH, Murayama M, Ohkouchi N, Ono S, Park YS, Phillips SC, Prieto-Mollar X, Purkey M, Riedinger N, Sanada Y, Sauvage J, Snyder G, Susilawati R, Takano Y, Tasumi E, Terada T, Tomaru H, Trembath-Reichert E, Wang DT, Yamada Y. DEEP BIOSPHERE. Exploring deep microbial life in coal-bearing sediment down to ~2.5 km below the ocean floor. Science 2015. [PMID: 26206933 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa6882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbial life inhabits deeply buried marine sediments, but the extent of this vast ecosystem remains poorly constrained. Here we provide evidence for the existence of microbial communities in ~40° to 60°C sediment associated with lignite coal beds at ~1.5 to 2.5 km below the seafloor in the Pacific Ocean off Japan. Microbial methanogenesis was indicated by the isotopic compositions of methane and carbon dioxide, biomarkers, cultivation data, and gas compositions. Concentrations of indigenous microbial cells below 1.5 km ranged from <10 to ~10(4) cells cm(-3). Peak concentrations occurred in lignite layers, where communities differed markedly from shallower subseafloor communities and instead resembled organotrophic communities in forest soils. This suggests that terrigenous sediments retain indigenous community members tens of millions of years after burial in the seabed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Inagaki
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan. Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - K-U Hinrichs
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Y Kubo
- Center for Deep-Earth Exploration, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0061, Japan. Research and Development Center for Ocean Drilling Science, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0001, Japan
| | - M W Bowles
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - V B Heuer
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - W-L Hong
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - T Hoshino
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan. Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - A Ijiri
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan. Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - H Imachi
- Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan. Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - M Ito
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan. Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - M Kaneko
- Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan. Department of Biogeochemistry, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - M A Lever
- Center for Geomicrobiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Y-S Lin
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - B A Methé
- Department of Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - S Morita
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan
| | - Y Morono
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan. Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - W Tanikawa
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan. Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - M Bihan
- Department of Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - S A Bowden
- Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB2A 3UE, UK
| | - M Elvert
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - C Glombitza
- Center for Geomicrobiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - D Gross
- Department of Applied Geosciences and Geophysics, Montanuniversität, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - G J Harrington
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - T Hori
- Environmental Management Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - K Li
- Department of Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - D Limmer
- Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB2A 3UE, UK
| | - C-H Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - M Murayama
- Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - N Ohkouchi
- Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan. Department of Biogeochemistry, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - S Ono
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Y-S Park
- Petroleum and Marine Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Korea
| | - S C Phillips
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - X Prieto-Mollar
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - M Purkey
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - N Riedinger
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Y Sanada
- Center for Deep-Earth Exploration, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0061, Japan. Research and Development Center for Ocean Drilling Science, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0001, Japan
| | - J Sauvage
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - G Snyder
- Department of Earth Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - R Susilawati
- School of Earth Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Y Takano
- Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan. Department of Biogeochemistry, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - E Tasumi
- Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - T Terada
- Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - H Tomaru
- Department of Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - E Trembath-Reichert
- Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - D T Wang
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Y Yamada
- Research and Development Center for Ocean Drilling Science, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0001, Japan. Department of Urban Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Schmitz K, Lenssen R, Rosentreter M, Gross D, Eisert A. Wide cleft between theory and practice: medical students' perception of their education in patient and medication safety. Pharmazie 2015; 70:351-354. [PMID: 26062307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In medicine today, future doctors are expected to ensure patient safety. Yet medical students often feel uncertain if they can meet these high expectations. This study aims to quantify the perceptions of medical students regarding the actual quality of their education in the fields of patient safety and, in particular, medication safety. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to about 100 upper-level medical students. The students had to respond to 12 questions regarding the following categories: 1) familiarity with patient safety and/or medication safety; 2) personal experience in high-risk clinical situations; and 3) perceived relevance of knowledge in the area of patient and medication Safety for clinical practice. Of the respondents 42.1% and 36.8% had delved into the topic patient safety and medication safety, respectively. In clinical practice 88.2% of respondents had experienced a high-risk situation for patients. Regarding patient safety and medication safety, respectively, 82.9% and 85.3% of the respondents found these topics to be particularly relevant to their clinical practice. This study has shown that there is a measurable discrepancy between the students' perceived quality of their medical education and their feelings that they are well prepared to cope with severe clinical challenges.
Collapse
|
34
|
Chaves R, Kueng R, Brask JB, Gross D. Unifying framework for relaxations of the causal assumptions in Bell's theorem. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:140403. [PMID: 25910096 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.140403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bell's theorem shows that quantum mechanical correlations can violate the constraints that the causal structure of certain experiments impose on any classical explanation. It is thus natural to ask to which degree the causal assumptions-e.g., locality or measurement independence-have to be relaxed in order to allow for a classical description of such experiments. Here we develop a conceptual and computational framework for treating this problem. We employ the language of Bayesian networks to systematically construct alternative causal structures and bound the degree of relaxation using quantitative measures that originate from the mathematical theory of causality. The main technical insight is that the resulting problems can often be expressed as computationally tractable linear programs. We demonstrate the versatility of the framework by applying it to a variety of scenarios, ranging from relaxations of the measurement independence, locality, and bilocality assumptions, to a novel causal interpretation of Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality violations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Chaves
- Institute for Physics, University of Freiburg, Rheinstrasse 10, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Kueng
- Institute for Physics, University of Freiburg, Rheinstrasse 10, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - J B Brask
- Département de Physique Théorique, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - D Gross
- Institute for Physics, University of Freiburg, Rheinstrasse 10, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling, Eckerstrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Caplin ME, Baudin E, Ferolla P, Filosso P, Garcia-Yuste M, Lim E, Oberg K, Pelosi G, Perren A, Rossi RE, Travis WD, Capdevila J, Costa F, Cwikla J, de Herder W, Delle Fave G, Eriksson B, Falconi M, Ferone D, Gross D, Grossman A, Ito T, Jensen R, Kaltsas G, Kelestimur F, Kianmanesh R, Knigge U, Kos-Kudla B, Krenning E, Mitry E, Nicolson M, O'Connor J, O'Toole D, Pape UF, Pavel M, Ramage J, Raymond E, Rindi G, Rockall A, Ruszniewski P, Salazar R, Scarpa A, Sedlackova E, Sundin A, Toumpanakis C, Vullierme MP, Weber W, Wiedenmann B, Zheng-Pei Z. Pulmonary neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors: European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society expert consensus and recommendations for best practice for typical and atypical pulmonary carcinoids. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:1604-20. [PMID: 25646366 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary carcinoids (PCs) are rare tumors. As there is a paucity of randomized studies, this expert consensus document represents an initiative by the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society to provide guidance on their management. PATIENTS AND METHODS Bibliographical searches were carried out in PubMed for the terms 'pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors', 'bronchial neuroendocrine tumors', 'bronchial carcinoid tumors', 'pulmonary carcinoid', 'pulmonary typical/atypical carcinoid', and 'pulmonary carcinoid and diagnosis/treatment/epidemiology/prognosis'. A systematic review of the relevant literature was carried out, followed by expert review. RESULTS PCs are well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors and include low- and intermediate-grade malignant tumors, i.e. typical (TC) and atypical carcinoid (AC), respectively. Contrast CT scan is the diagnostic gold standard for PCs, but pathology examination is mandatory for their correct classification. Somatostatin receptor imaging may visualize nearly 80% of the primary tumors and is most sensitive for metastatic disease. Plasma chromogranin A can be increased in PCs. Surgery is the treatment of choice for PCs with the aim of removing the tumor and preserving as much lung tissue as possible. Resection of metastases should be considered whenever possible with curative intent. Somatostatin analogs are the first-line treatment of carcinoid syndrome and may be considered as first-line systemic antiproliferative treatment in unresectable PCs, particularly of low-grade TC and AC. Locoregional or radiotargeted therapies should be considered for metastatic disease. Systemic chemotherapy is used for progressive PCs, although cytotoxic regimens have demonstrated limited effects with etoposide and platinum combination the most commonly used, however, temozolomide has shown most clinical benefit. CONCLUSIONS PCs are complex tumors which require a multidisciplinary approach and long-term follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Caplin
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - E Baudin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Endocrine Cancer and Interventional Radiology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - P Ferolla
- NET Center, Umbria Regional Cancer Network, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia
| | - P Filosso
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Garcia-Yuste
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Clinic Hospital, Valladolid, Spain
| | - E Lim
- Imperial College and The Academic Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - K Oberg
- Endocrine Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Pelosi
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori and Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche e Cliniche Luigi Sacco, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Perren
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R E Rossi
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - W D Travis
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hylan TR, Von Korff M, Saunders K, Masters E, Palmer RE, Carrell D, Cronkite D, Mardekian J, Gross D. Automated prediction of risk for problem opioid use in a primary care setting. J Pain 2015; 16:380-7. [PMID: 25640294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Identification of patients at increased risk for problem opioid use is recommended by chronic opioid therapy (COT) guidelines, but clinical assessment of risks often does not occur on a timely basis. This research assessed whether structured electronic health record (EHR) data could accurately predict subsequent problem opioid use. This research was conducted among 2,752 chronic noncancer pain patients initiating COT (≥70 days' supply of an opioid in a calendar quarter) during 2008 to 2010. Patients were followed through the end of 2012 or until disenrollment from the health plan, whichever was earlier. Baseline risk indicators were derived from structured EHR data for a 2-year period prior to COT initiation. Problem opioid use after COT initiation was assessed by reviewing clinician-documented problem opioid use in EHR clinical notes identified using natural language processing techniques followed by computer-assisted manual review of natural language processing-positive clinical notes. Multivariate analyses in learning and validation samples assessed prediction of subsequent problem opioid use. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (c-statistic) for problem opioid use was .739 (95% confidence interval = .688, .790) in the validation sample. A measure of problem opioid use derived from a simple weighted count of risk indicators was found to be comparably predictive of the natural language processing measure of problem opioid use, with 60% sensitivity and 72% specificity for a weighted count of ≥4 risk indicators. PERSPECTIVE An automated surveillance method utilizing baseline risk indicators from structured EHR data was moderately accurate in identifying COT patients who had subsequent problem opioid use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Hylan
- North America Medical Affairs, Global Innovative Pharma, Pfizer Inc, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Masters
- Outcomes & Evidence, Global Health & Value, Pfizer Inc, New York, New York
| | - Roy E Palmer
- North America Medical Affairs, Global Innovative Pharma, Pfizer Inc, New York, New York
| | - David Carrell
- Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Jack Mardekian
- Statistics, Global Innovative Pharma, Pfizer Inc, New York, New York
| | - David Gross
- North America Medical Affairs, Global Innovative Pharma, Pfizer Inc, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chaves R, Majenz C, Gross D. Information–theoretic implications of quantum causal structures. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5766. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
38
|
Gross D, Pietri ES, Anderson G, Moyano-Camihort K, Graham MJ. Increased Preclass Preparation Underlies Student Outcome Improvement in the Flipped Classroom. CBE Life Sci Educ 2015; 14:ar36. [PMID: 26396151 PMCID: PMC4710397 DOI: 10.1187/cbe.15-02-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Active-learning environments such as those found in a flipped classroom are known to increase student performance, although how these gains are realized over the course of a semester is less well understood. In an upper-level lecture course designed primarily for biochemistry majors, we examine how students attain improved learning outcomes, as measured by exam scores, when the course is converted to a more active flipped format. The context is a physical chemistry course catering to life science majors in which approximately half of the lecture material is placed online and in-class problem-solving activities are increased, while total class time is reduced. We find that exam performance significantly improves by nearly 12% in the flipped-format course, due in part to students interacting with course material in a more timely and accurate manner. We also find that the positive effects of the flipped class are most pronounced for students with lower grade point averages and for female students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Gross
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Evava S Pietri
- Yale Center for Teaching and Learning, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Gordon Anderson
- Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Karin Moyano-Camihort
- Center for Teaching and Faculty Development, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Mark J Graham
- Yale Center for Teaching and Learning, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Tensor network states constitute an important variational set of quantum states for numerical studies of strongly correlated systems in condensed-matter physics, as well as in mathematical physics. This is specifically true for finitely correlated states or matrix-product operators, designed to capture mixed states of one-dimensional quantum systems. It is a well-known open problem to find an efficient algorithm that decides whether a given matrix-product operator actually represents a physical state that in particular has no negative eigenvalues. We address and answer this question by showing that the problem is provably undecidable in the thermodynamic limit and that the bounded version of the problem is NP-hard (nondeterministic-polynomial-time hard) in the system size. Furthermore, we discuss numerous connections between tensor network methods and (seemingly) different concepts treated before in the literature, such as hidden Markov models and tensor trains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kliesch
- QMIO Group, Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Gross
- Physikalisches Institut and Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Eisert
- QMIO Group, Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pereyaslov D, Rosin P, Palm D, Zeller H, Gross D, Brown CS, Struelens MJ. Laboratory capability and surveillance testing for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the WHO European Region, June 2013. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:20923. [PMID: 25323078 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.40.20923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Since September 2012, over 90 cases of respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus, now named Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERSCoV), have been reported in the Middle East and Europe. To ascertain the capabilities and testing experience of national reference laboratories across the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region to detect this virus, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the WHO Regional Office for Europe conducted a joint survey in November 2012 and a follow-up survey in June 2013. In 2013, 29 of 52 responding WHO European Region countries and 24 of 31 countries of the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) had laboratory capabilities to detect and confirm MERS-CoV cases, compared with 22 of 46 and 18 of 30 countries, respectively, in 2012. By June 2013, more than 2,300 patients had been tested in 23 countries in the WHO European Region with nine laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV cases. These data indicate that the Region has developed significant capability to detect this emerging virus in accordance with WHO and ECDC guidance. However, not all countries had developed capabilities, and the needs to do so should be addressed. This includes enhancing collaborations between countries to ensure diagnostic capabilities for surveillance of MERS-CoV infections across the European Region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Pereyaslov
- World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kaltsas G, Grozinsky-Glasberg S, Alexandraki KI, Thomas D, Tsolakis AV, Gross D, Grossman AB. Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of type 1 gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 81:157-68. [PMID: 24750249 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of gastrin-related gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (GI-NENs) develop in the context of chronic atrophic gastritis (type 1), a condition closely related to autoimmune thyroid diseases. These neoplasms are defined as gastric NENs type 1 (GNEN1) and have recently been shown to constitute the commonest GI-NENs in a prospective study. GNEN1s are usually multiple and follow a relative indolent course, raising questions regarding the extent that such patients should be investigated and the appropriate therapeutic interventions needed. Recently, a number of consensus statements and guidelines have been published from various societies dealing with the diagnosis and management of GI-NENs. Endocrinologists are among the many different medical specialties involved in GNEN1s diagnosis and management. However, despite recent advances, few randomized trials are available, and thus existing evidence remains relatively weak compared to other malignancies. The purpose of this review is to provide recent evidence along with currently employed modalities addressing the diagnosis, management, long-term follow-up and potential comorbidities of GNEN1s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Kaltsas
- Department of Pathophysiology, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Schwemmer C, Tóth G, Niggebaum A, Moroder T, Gross D, Gühne O, Weinfurter H. Experimental comparison of efficient tomography schemes for a six-qubit state. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:040503. [PMID: 25105604 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Quantum state tomography suffers from the measurement effort increasing exponentially with the number of qubits. Here, we demonstrate permutationally invariant tomography for which, contrary to conventional tomography, all resources scale polynomially with the number of qubits both in terms of the measurement effort as well as the computational power needed to process and store the recorded data. We demonstrate the benefits of combining permutationally invariant tomography with compressed sensing by studying the influence of the pump power on the noise present in a six-qubit symmetric Dicke state, a case where full tomography is possible only for very high pump powers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schwemmer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany and Department für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-80797 München, Germany
| | - Géza Tóth
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain and Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexander Niggebaum
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Moroder
- Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Straße 3, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - David Gross
- Physikalisches Institut & FDM, Universität Freiburg, Rheinstraße 10, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Otfried Gühne
- Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Straße 3, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Harald Weinfurter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany and Department für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-80797 München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Es werden die Darstellung und die Eigenschaften von β-Alkoxypropionsäure-Cholesterinestern beschrieben und mit denen der entsprechenden Fettsäuren verglichen. Die Schmelzpunkte nehmen mit einer steigenden Zahl von Ätherfunktionen ab. Alle untersuchten Verbindungen durchlaufen die cholesterinische Phase nur beim Abkühlen. Smektische Phasen wurden nicht beobachtet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Gross
- Berlin-Dahlem, Bundesanstalt für Materialprüfung
| | - B. Böttcher
- Berlin-Dahlem, Bundesanstalt für Materialprüfung
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
14C-markierte C3-Verbindungen. wie Glycerin, Glycerinaldehyd, Glycerinsäure und Pyruvat werden vorwiegend in den Pyridinring der von Mycobacterium tuberculosis Stamm BCG gebildeten Nicotinsäure eingebaut. Entsprechende Abbauversuche ergeben, daß Glycerin bevorzugt in die C-Atome 4, 5 und 6 der Nicotinsäure inkorporiert wird. Danach erfolgt in diesem Organismus die Biosynthese der Nicotinsäure aus Asparaginsäure und einem C3-Körper wie Glycerin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Gross
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale), und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin
| | - A. Feige
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale), und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin
| | - R. Stecher
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale), und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin
| | - A. Zureck
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale), und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin
| | - H.-R. Schütte
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale), und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Aus dem Kulturfiltrat von Mycobacterium bovis Stamm BCG wird neben Nicotinsäure eine weitere Bromcyan-positive Substanz isoliert und als 3-Hydroxymethylpyridin identifiziert. Dieses Pyridin-Derivat läßt sich auch als Ausscheidungsprodukt anderer Mycobakterien-Arten nachweisen. 3-Hydroxymethylpyridin ist eng mit dem Stoffwechsel der Nicotinsäure verbunden. Angebotene Nicotinsäure wird von den BCG-Bakterien aufgenommen und zu 3-Hydroxymethylpyridin umgewandelt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Gross
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale) und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften
| | - A. Feige
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale) und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften
| | - A. Zureck
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale) und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften
| | - H.-R. Schütte
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale) und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Gross D, Banditt P, Zureck A, Schütte HR. Notizen: Chinolinsäure als Zwischenstufe in der Nicotinsäure-Biosynthese bei Mycobacterium bovis Stamm BCG. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1968-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Gross
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale) und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften
| | - P. Banditt
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale) und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften
| | - A. Zureck
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale) und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften
| | - H. R. Schütte
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale) und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Durch Biosynthese-Untersuchungen mit Trigonellin-[14CH3] an Keimlingen von Ricinus communis wird gezeigt, daß die N-Methylgruppe des Trigonellins abgespalten wird und über den C1-Pool gleichwertig in beide Methylgruppen des Ricinins gelangt. Somit ist ein intakter Trigonellineinbau auszuschließen.
In weiteren Versuchen wird Trigonellin-[14CT3] mit einem bekannten T/14C-Verhältnis an Ricinuskeimlinge verabreicht. Die spezifische T-Einbaurate beträgt nur etwa 30% der 14C-Inkorporation. Sowohl im Ricinin als auch in den beiden Methylgruppen ist das T/14C-Verhältnis auf ein Drittel gegenüber dem Wert des applizierten Trigonellins-[14CT3] reduziert. Dieser Tritiumverlust spricht für eine oxydative Demethylierung des Triginellins und gegen eine echte Transmethylierung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Gross
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Halle (Saale)
| | - D. Müller
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Halle (Saale)
| | - H. R. Schütte
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Halle (Saale)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Maier A, Ernst JP, Müller S, Gross D, Zepf FD, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Hagenah U. Self-perceived stigmatization in female patients with anorexia nervosa--results from an explorative retrospective pilot study of adolescents. Psychopathology 2014; 47:127-32. [PMID: 24008842 DOI: 10.1159/000350505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stigma of mental illness has been identified as an important barrier to treatment and recovery. Previous research reported the stigmatization of individuals with eating disorders by both health professionals and the general public. The aim of this pilot study was to empirically assess the previous stigmatization and discrimination experiences of young female patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) using a retrospective explorative approach. METHODS An in-house questionnaire that was developed to survey experiences of stigmatization was mailed to 75 former adolescent patients with AN. The mean time of assessment after discharge was 5.6 ± 1.2 years. The patients were asked to respond anonymously. The response rate was approximately 48% (n = 36). RESULTS Feelings that society held negative stereotypes of individuals with AN, concrete experiences of stigmatization and discrimination, and rejection by peers were reported. A remarkable degree of self-stigmatization, as indexed by high rates of agreement to stigmatizing statements, was detected. Approximately one third of the participants reported delayed initiation of treatment due to fear of stigmatization and discrimination. CONCLUSION Stigmatization plays a decisive role in young patients with AN and impacts their motivation to seek professional help and engage in treatment. Clinicians should be aware of the stigmatization related to eating disorders and its burden for affected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Maier
- Institute of History, Theory and Ethics in Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Recent contributions in the field of quantum state tomography have shown that, despite the exponential growth of Hilbert space with the number of subsystems, tomography of one-dimensional quantum systems may still be performed efficiently by tailored reconstruction schemes. Here, we discuss a scalable method to reconstruct mixed states that are well approximated by matrix product operators. The reconstruction scheme only requires local information about the state, giving rise to a reconstruction technique that is scalable in the system size. It is based on a constructive proof that generic matrix product operators are fully determined by their local reductions. We discuss applications of this scheme for simulated data and experimental data obtained in an ion trap experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Baumgratz
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Walter
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Brent Doran
- Department of Mathematics, ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David Gross
- Institute for Physics, University of Freiburg, Rheinstrasse 10, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Christandl
- Department of Mathematics, ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|