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Cain JL, Gianechini LS, Vetter AL, Davis SM, Britton LN, Myka JL, Slusarewicz P. Rapid, automated quantification of Haemonchus contortus ova in sheep faecal samples. Int J Parasitol 2024; 54:47-53. [PMID: 37586585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is one of the most pathogenic nematodes affecting small ruminants globally and is responsible for large economic losses in the sheep and goat industry. Anthelmintic resistance is rampant in this parasite and thus parasite control programs must account for drug efficacy on individual farms and, sometimes, whether H. contortus is the most prevalent trichostrongylid. Historically, coproculture has been the main way to determine the prevalence of H. contortus in faecal samples due to the inability to morphologically differentiate between trichostrongylid egg types, but this process requires a skilled technician and takes multiple days to complete. Fluoresceinated peanut agglutinin (PNA) has been shown to specifically bind H. contortus and thus differentiate eggs based on whether they fluoresce, but this method has not been widely adopted. The ParasightTM System (PS) fluorescently stains helminth eggs in order to identify and quantify them, and the H. contortus PNA staining method was therefore adapted to this platform using methodology requiring only 20 min to obtain results. In this study, 74 fecal samples were collected from sheep and analyzed for PNA-stained H. contortus, using both PS and manual fluorescence microscopy. The percentage of H. contortus was determined based on standard total strongylid counts with PS or brightfield microscopy. Additionally, 15 samples were processed for coproculture with larval identification, and analyzed with both manual and automated PNA methods. All methods were compared using the coefficient of determination (R2) and the Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (ρc). ParasightTM and manual PNA percent H. contortus results were highly correlated with R2 = 0.8436 and ρc = 0.9100 for all 74 fecal samples. Coproculture versus PS percent H. contortus were also highly correlated with R2 = 0.8245 and ρc = 0.8605. Overall, this system provides a rapid and convenient method for determining the percentage of H. contortus in sheep and goat fecal samples without requiring specialized training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Cain
- Parasight(TM) System, Inc, 1532 N Limestone, Lexington, KY 40505, USA.
| | - Leonor Sicalo Gianechini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Abigail L Vetter
- Parasight(TM) System, Inc, 1532 N Limestone, Lexington, KY 40505, USA; M.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, 1400 Nicholasville Rd, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Sarah M Davis
- Parasight(TM) System, Inc, 1532 N Limestone, Lexington, KY 40505, USA; M.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, 1400 Nicholasville Rd, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Leah N Britton
- Parasight(TM) System, Inc, 1532 N Limestone, Lexington, KY 40505, USA; M.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, 1400 Nicholasville Rd, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Jennifer L Myka
- Free Radical Ranch, 15299 Parkers Grove Rd., Morning View, KY 41063, USA
| | - Paul Slusarewicz
- Parasight(TM) System, Inc, 1532 N Limestone, Lexington, KY 40505, USA; M.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, 1400 Nicholasville Rd, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Shaffer CD, Alvarez C, Bailey C, Barnard D, Bhalla S, Chandrasekaran C, Chandrasekaran V, Chung HM, Dorer DR, Du C, Eckdahl TT, Poet JL, Frohlich D, Goodman AL, Gosser Y, Hauser C, Hoopes LL, Johnson D, Jones CJ, Kaehler M, Kokan N, Kopp OR, Kuleck GA, McNeil G, Moss R, Myka JL, Nagengast A, Morris R, Overvoorde PJ, Shoop E, Parrish S, Reed K, Regisford EG, Revie D, Rosenwald AG, Saville K, Schroeder S, Shaw M, Skuse G, Smith C, Smith M, Spana EP, Spratt M, Stamm J, Thompson JS, Wawersik M, Wilson BA, Youngblom J, Leung W, Buhler J, Mardis ER, Lopatto D, Elgin SC. The genomics education partnership: successful integration of research into laboratory classes at a diverse group of undergraduate institutions. CBE Life Sci Educ 2010; 9:55-69. [PMID: 20194808 PMCID: PMC2830162 DOI: 10.1187/09-11-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Genomics is not only essential for students to understand biology but also provides unprecedented opportunities for undergraduate research. The goal of the Genomics Education Partnership (GEP), a collaboration between a growing number of colleges and universities around the country and the Department of Biology and Genome Center of Washington University in St. Louis, is to provide such research opportunities. Using a versatile curriculum that has been adapted to many different class settings, GEP undergraduates undertake projects to bring draft-quality genomic sequence up to high quality and/or participate in the annotation of these sequences. GEP undergraduates have improved more than 2 million bases of draft genomic sequence from several species of Drosophila and have produced hundreds of gene models using evidence-based manual annotation. Students appreciate their ability to make a contribution to ongoing research, and report increased independence and a more active learning approach after participation in GEP projects. They show knowledge gains on pre- and postcourse quizzes about genes and genomes and in bioinformatic analysis. Participating faculty also report professional gains, increased access to genomics-related technology, and an overall positive experience. We have found that using a genomics research project as the core of a laboratory course is rewarding for both faculty and students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Consuelo Alvarez
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA 23909
| | - Cheryl Bailey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664
| | - Daron Barnard
- Department of Biology, Worcester State College, Worcester, MA 01602
| | - Satish Bhalla
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Johnson C. Smith University, Charlotte, NC 28216
| | | | | | - Hui-Min Chung
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL 32514
| | | | - Chunguang Du
- Department of Biology and Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043
| | - Todd T. Eckdahl
- Department of Biology, Missouri Western State University, Saint Joseph, MO 64507
| | - Jeff L. Poet
- Department of Mathematics, Missouri Western State University, Saint Joseph, MO 64507
| | - Donald Frohlich
- Department of Biology, University of St. Thomas, Houston, TX 77006
| | - Anya L. Goodman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407-0402
| | - Yuying Gosser
- Grove School of Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031
| | - Charles Hauser
- Department of Bioinformatics, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX 78704
| | | | - Diana Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052
| | | | - Marian Kaehler
- Department of Biology, Luther College, Decorah, IA 52101
| | - Nighat Kokan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Cardinal Stritch University, Milwaukee, WI 53217
| | - Olga R. Kopp
- Department of Biology, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT 84058
| | - Gary A. Kuleck
- Department of Biology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA 90045-2659
| | - Gerard McNeil
- Department of Biology, York College–The City University of New York, Jamaica, NY 11451
| | - Robert Moss
- Department of Biology, Wofford College, Spartanburg, SC 29303-3663
| | - Jennifer L. Myka
- Science Department, Galen College of Nursing, Cincinnati, OH 45241
| | - Alexis Nagengast
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013
| | - Robert Morris
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013
| | | | - Elizabeth Shoop
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN 55105
| | - Susan Parrish
- Department of Biology, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157
| | - Kelynne Reed
- Department of Biology, Austin College, Sherman, TX 75090-4400
| | | | - Dennis Revie
- Department of Biology, California Lutheran University, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
| | | | - Ken Saville
- Department of Biology, Albion College, Albion, MI 49224
| | | | - Mary Shaw
- Department of Biology, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, NM 87701
| | - Gary Skuse
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623
| | - Christopher Smith
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132
| | - Mary Smith
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411
| | - Eric P. Spana
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0001
| | - Mary Spratt
- Department of Biology, William Woods University, Fulton, MO 65251
| | - Joyce Stamm
- Department of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722
| | | | - Matthew Wawersik
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795
| | | | - Jim Youngblom
- Department of Biology, California State University, Stanislaus, Turlock, CA 95382
| | - Wilson Leung
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Jeremy Buhler
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Elaine R. Mardis
- The Genome Center, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108; and
| | - David Lopatto
- Department of Psychology, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA 50112
| | - Sarah C.R. Elgin
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
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