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Såmark-Roth A, Cox DM, Rudolph D, Sarmiento LG, Carlsson BG, Egido JL, Golubev P, Heery J, Yakushev A, Åberg S, Albers HM, Albertsson M, Block M, Brand H, Calverley T, Cantemir R, Clark RM, Düllmann CE, Eberth J, Fahlander C, Forsberg U, Gates JM, Giacoppo F, Götz M, Götz S, Herzberg RD, Hrabar Y, Jäger E, Judson D, Khuyagbaatar J, Kindler B, Kojouharov I, Kratz JV, Krier J, Kurz N, Lens L, Ljungberg J, Lommel B, Louko J, Meyer CC, Mistry A, Mokry C, Papadakis P, Parr E, Pore JL, Ragnarsson I, Runke J, Schädel M, Schaffner H, Schausten B, Shaughnessy DA, Thörle-Pospiech P, Trautmann N, Uusitalo J. Spectroscopy along Flerovium Decay Chains: Discovery of ^{280}Ds and an Excited State in ^{282}Cn. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:032503. [PMID: 33543956 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.032503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A nuclear spectroscopy experiment was conducted to study α-decay chains stemming from isotopes of flerovium (element Z=114). An upgraded TASISpec decay station was placed behind the gas-filled separator TASCA at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany. The fusion-evaporation reactions ^{48}Ca+^{242}Pu and ^{48}Ca+^{244}Pu provided a total of 32 flerovium-candidate decay chains, of which two and eleven were firmly assigned to ^{286}Fl and ^{288}Fl, respectively. A prompt coincidence between a 9.60(1)-MeV α particle event and a 0.36(1)-MeV conversion electron marked the first observation of an excited state in an even-even isotope of the heaviest man-made elements, namely ^{282}Cn. Spectroscopy of ^{288}Fl decay chains fixed Q_{α}=10.06(1) MeV. In one case, a Q_{α}=9.46(1)-MeV decay from ^{284}Cn into ^{280}Ds was observed, with ^{280}Ds fissioning after only 518 μs. The impact of these findings, aggregated with existing data on decay chains of ^{286,288}Fl, on the size of an anticipated shell gap at proton number Z=114 is discussed in light of predictions from two beyond-mean-field calculations, which take into account triaxial deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Såmark-Roth
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - D M Cox
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - D Rudolph
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - L G Sarmiento
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - B G Carlsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - J L Egido
- Departamento de Física Teórica and CIAFF, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Golubev
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - J Heery
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Åberg
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - H M Albers
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Albertsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - M Block
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Brand
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Calverley
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - R Cantemir
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R M Clark
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Eberth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - C Fahlander
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - U Forsberg
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - J M Gates
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F Giacoppo
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Götz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Götz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R-D Herzberg
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - Y Hrabar
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - E Jäger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Judson
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - J Khuyagbaatar
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Kindler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - I Kojouharov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J V Kratz
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Krier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Lens
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Ljungberg
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - B Lommel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Louko
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - C-C Meyer
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Mistry
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Mokry
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Papadakis
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Parr
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J L Pore
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - I Ragnarsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - J Runke
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Schädel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Schaffner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Schausten
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D A Shaughnessy
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P Thörle-Pospiech
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N Trautmann
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Uusitalo
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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Khuyagbaatar J, Albers HM, Block M, Brand H, Cantemir RA, Di Nitto A, Düllmann CE, Götz M, Götz S, Heßberger FP, Jäger E, Kindler B, Kratz JV, Krier J, Kurz N, Lommel B, Lens L, Mistry A, Schausten B, Uusitalo J, Yakushev A. Search for Electron-Capture Delayed Fission in the New Isotope ^{244}Md. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:142504. [PMID: 33064498 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.142504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The electron-capture decay followed by a prompt fission process was searched for in the hitherto unknown most neutron-deficient Md isotope with mass number 244. Alpha decay with α-particle energies of 8.73-8.86 MeV and with a half-life of 0.30_{-0.09}^{+0.19} s was assigned to ^{244}Md. No fission event with a similar half-life potentially originating from spontaneous fissioning of the short-lived electron-capture decay daughter ^{244}Fm was observed, which results in an upper limit of 0.14 for the electron-capture branching of ^{244}Md. Two groups of fission events with half-lives of 0.9_{-0.3}^{+0.6} ms and 5_{-2}^{+3} ms were observed. The 0.9_{-0.3}^{+0.6} ms activity was assigned to originate from the decay of ^{245}Md. The origin of eight fission events resulting in a half-life of 5_{-2}^{+3} ms could not be unambiguously identified within the present data while the possible explanation has to invoke previously unseen physics cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Khuyagbaatar
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H M Albers
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Block
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Brand
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R A Cantemir
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Di Nitto
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Götz
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Götz
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - F P Heßberger
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E Jäger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Kindler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J V Kratz
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Krier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Lommel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Lens
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Mistry
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Schausten
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Uusitalo
- University of Jyväskylä, 40351 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - A Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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Lens L, Yakushev A, Düllmann CE, Asai M, Ballof J, Block M, David HM, Despotopulos J, Di Nitto A, Eberhardt K, Even J, Götz M, Götz S, Haba H, Harkness-Brennan L, Heßberger FP, Herzberg RD, Hoffmann J, Hübner A, Jäger E, Judson D, Khuyagbaatar J, Kindler B, Komori Y, Konki J, Kratz JV, Krier J, Kurz N, Laatiaoui M, Lahiri S, Lommel B, Maiti M, Mistry AK, Mokry C, Moody K, Nagame Y, Omtvedt JP, Papadakis P, Pershina V, Runke J, Schädel M, Scharrer P, Sato T, Shaughnessy D, Schausten B, Thörle-Pospiech P, Trautmann N, Tsukada K, Uusitalo J, Ward A, Wegrzecki M, Wiehl N, Yakusheva V. Online chemical adsorption studies of Hg, Tl, and Pb on SiO2 and Au surfaces in preparation for chemical investigations on Cn, Nh, and Fl at TASCA. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2017-2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Online gas-solid adsorption studies with single-atom quantities of Hg, Tl, and Pb, the lighter homologs of the superheavy elements (SHE) copernicium (Cn, Z=112), nihonium (Nh, Z=113), and flerovium (Fl, Z=114), were carried out using short-lived radioisotopes. The interaction with Au and SiO2 surfaces was studied and the overall chemical yield was determined. Suitable radioisotopes were produced in fusion-evaporation reactions, isolated in the gas-filled recoil separator TASCA, and flushed rapidly to an adjacent setup of two gas chromatography detector arrays covered with SiO2 (first array) and Au (second array). While Tl and Pb adsorbed on the SiO2 surface, Hg interacts only weakly and reached the Au-covered array. Our results contribute to elucidating the influence of relativistic effects on chemical properties of the heaviest elements by providing experimental data on these lighter homologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Lens
- Institut für Kernchemie , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , 55122 Mainz , Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Alexander Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz , 55099 Mainz , Germany
| | - Christoph Emanuel Düllmann
- Institut für Kernchemie , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , 55122 Mainz , Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz , 55099 Mainz , Germany
| | - Masato Asai
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency , 319-1195 Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Jochen Ballof
- Institut für Kernchemie , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , 55122 Mainz , Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
- Section Isolde, Cern , 1211 Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Michael Block
- Institut für Kernchemie , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , 55122 Mainz , Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz , 55099 Mainz , Germany
| | - Helena May David
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
| | | | - Antonio Di Nitto
- Institut für Kernchemie , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , 55122 Mainz , Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Klaus Eberhardt
- Institut für Kernchemie , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , 55122 Mainz , Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz , 55099 Mainz , Germany
| | - Julia Even
- Institut für Kernchemie , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , 55122 Mainz , Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz , 55099 Mainz , Germany
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation , Technology University of Groningen , 9747 AA Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Michael Götz
- Institut für Kernchemie , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , 55122 Mainz , Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz , 55099 Mainz , Germany
| | - Stefan Götz
- Institut für Kernchemie , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , 55122 Mainz , Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz , 55099 Mainz , Germany
| | | | | | - Fritz Peter Heßberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz , 55099 Mainz , Germany
| | - Rodi D. Herzberg
- Department of Physics , University of Liverpool , L69 7ZE Liverpool , UK
| | - Jan Hoffmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Annett Hübner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Egon Jäger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Daniel Judson
- Department of Physics , University of Liverpool , L69 7ZE Liverpool , UK
| | - Jadambaa Khuyagbaatar
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz , 55099 Mainz , Germany
| | - Birgit Kindler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
| | | | - Joonas Konki
- Section Isolde, Cern , 1211 Geneva , Switzerland
- Department of Physics , University of Jyväskylä , 40014 Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Jens Volker Kratz
- Institut für Kernchemie , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , 55122 Mainz , Germany
| | - Jörg Krier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Nikolaus Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Mustapha Laatiaoui
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz , 55099 Mainz , Germany
| | - Susanta Lahiri
- Chemical Sciences Division , Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics , 700064 Kolkata , India
| | - Bettina Lommel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Moumita Maiti
- Department of Physics , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , 247667 Uttarakhand , India
| | - Andrew K. Mistry
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz , 55099 Mainz , Germany
| | - Christoph Mokry
- Institut für Kernchemie , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , 55122 Mainz , Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz , 55099 Mainz , Germany
| | - Ken Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore, CA 94551 , USA
| | - Yuichiro Nagame
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency , 319-1195 Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki , Japan
| | | | | | - Valeria Pershina
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Jörg Runke
- Institut für Kernchemie , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , 55122 Mainz , Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Matthias Schädel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency , 319-1195 Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Paul Scharrer
- Institut für Kernchemie , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , 55122 Mainz , Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz , 55099 Mainz , Germany
| | - Tetsuya Sato
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency , 319-1195 Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Dawn Shaughnessy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore, CA 94551 , USA
| | - Brigitta Schausten
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Petra Thörle-Pospiech
- Institut für Kernchemie , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , 55122 Mainz , Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz , 55099 Mainz , Germany
| | - Norbert Trautmann
- Institut für Kernchemie , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , 55122 Mainz , Germany
| | - Kazuaki Tsukada
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency , 319-1195 Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Juha Uusitalo
- Department of Physics , University of Jyväskylä , 40014 Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Andrew Ward
- Department of Physics , University of Liverpool , L69 7ZE Liverpool , UK
| | | | - Norbert Wiehl
- Institut für Kernchemie , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , 55122 Mainz , Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz , 55099 Mainz , Germany
| | - Vera Yakusheva
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz , 55099 Mainz , Germany
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Duvinage Née Krey C, Nagels S, Hampel G, Kratz JV, Aguilar AL, Minouchehr S, Otto G, Schmidberger H, Schütz C, Vogtländer L, Wortmann B, Burgkhardt B. Erratum to "Determination of the irradiation field at the research reactor TRIGA Mainz for BNCT" [J. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 67 (2009) S242-S246]. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 115:312. [PMID: 27263359 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Duvinage Née Krey
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Institut für Strahlenforschung, PO Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Nagels
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Institut für Strahlenforschung, PO Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - G Hampel
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J V Kratz
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A L Aguilar
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; Evonik Energy Services GmbH Essen, Rüttenscheider Str. 1-3, D-45128 Essen, Germany
| | - S Minouchehr
- Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - G Otto
- Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Schmidberger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Radioonkologie und Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Schütz
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Vogtländer
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Wortmann
- Evonik Energy Services GmbH Essen, Rüttenscheider Str. 1-3, D-45128 Essen, Germany
| | - B Burgkhardt
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Institut für Strahlenforschung, PO Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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6
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Khuyagbaatar J, Yakushev A, Düllmann CE, Ackermann D, Andersson LL, Block M, Brand H, Cox DM, Even J, Forsberg U, Golubev P, Hartmann W, Herzberg RD, Heßberger FP, Hoffmann J, Hübner A, Jäger E, Jeppsson J, Kindler B, Kratz JV, Krier J, Kurz N, Lommel B, Maiti M, Minami S, Mistry AK, Mrosek CM, Pysmenetska I, Rudolph D, Sarmiento LG, Schaffner H, Schädel M, Schausten B, Steiner J, De Heidenreich TT, Uusitalo J, Wegrzecki M, Wiehl N, Yakusheva V. New Short-Lived Isotope ^{221}U and the Mass Surface Near N=126. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:242502. [PMID: 26705628 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.242502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two short-lived isotopes ^{221}U and ^{222}U were produced as evaporation residues in the fusion reaction ^{50}Ti+^{176}Yb at the gas-filled recoil separator TASCA. An α decay with an energy of E_{α}=9.31(5) MeV and half-life T_{1/2}=4.7(7) μs was attributed to ^{222}U. The new isotope ^{221}U was identified in α-decay chains starting with E_{α}=9.71(5) MeV and T_{1/2}=0.66(14) μs leading to known daughters. Synthesis and detection of these unstable heavy nuclei and their descendants were achieved thanks to a fast data readout system. The evolution of the N=126 shell closure and its influence on the stability of uranium isotopes are discussed within the framework of α-decay reduced width.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Khuyagbaatar
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Yakushev
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Ackermann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - M Block
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Brand
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D M Cox
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - J Even
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - W Hartmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R-D Herzberg
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - F P Heßberger
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Hoffmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Hübner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E Jäger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - B Kindler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J V Kratz
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Krier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Lommel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Maiti
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - S Minami
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A K Mistry
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - Ch M Mrosek
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - I Pysmenetska
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | - H Schaffner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Schädel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Schausten
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Steiner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - J Uusitalo
- University of Jyväskylä, 40351 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - M Wegrzecki
- The Institute of Electron Technology, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - N Wiehl
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - V Yakusheva
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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7
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Langrock G, Wiehl N, Kling HO, Mendel M, Nähler A, Tharun U, Eberhardt K, Trautmann N, Kratz JV, Omtvedt JP, Skarnemark G. Digital liquid-scintillation counting and effective pulse-shape discrimination with artificial neural networks. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2014-2281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A typical problem in low-level liquid scintillation (LS) counting is the identification of α particles in the presence of
a high background of β and γ particles. Especially the occurrence of β-β and β-γ pile-ups may
prevent the unambiguous identification of an α signal by commonly used analog electronics. In this case, pulse-shape
discrimination (PSD) and pile-up rejection (PUR) units show an insufficient performance. This problem was also observed in own earlier
experiments on the chemical behaviour of transactinide elements using the liquid-liquid extraction system SISAK in combination with
LS counting. α-particle signals from the decay of the transactinides could not be unambiguously assigned. However, the
availability of instruments for the digital recording of LS pulses changes the situation and provides possibilities for new
approaches in the treatment of LS pulse shapes. In a SISAK experiment performed at PSI, Villigen, a fast transient recorder, a PC card
with oscilloscope characteristics and a sampling rate of 1 giga samples s−1 (1 ns per point), was used for the first
time to record LS signals. It turned out, that the recorded signals were predominantly α, β-β and β-γ pile up, and fission events. This paper describes the subsequent development and use of artificial neural networks (ANN) based on the
method of “back-propagation of errors” to automatically distinguish between different pulse shapes. Such networks can “learn”
pulse shapes and classify hitherto unknown pulses correctly after a learning period. The results show that ANN in combination with fast
digital recording of pulse shapes can be a powerful tool in LS spectrometry even at high background count rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norbert Wiehl
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Otto Kling
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Mendel
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Nähler
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Udo Tharun
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Eberhardt
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Trautmann
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens Volker Kratz
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jon-Petter Omtvedt
- University of Oslo, Department of Chemistry, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
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8
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Even J, Yakushev A, Düllmann CE, Haba H, Asai M, Sato TK, Brand H, Di Nitto A, Eichler R, Fan FL, Hartmann W, Huang M, Jäger E, Kaji D, Kanaya J, Kaneya Y, Khuyagbaatar J, Kindler B, Kratz JV, Krier J, Kudou Y, Kurz N, Lommel B, Miyashita S, Morimoto K, Morita K, Murakami M, Nagame Y, Nitsche H, Ooe K, Qin Z, Schädel M, Steiner J, Sumita T, Takeyama M, Tanaka K, Toyoshima A, Tsukada K, Türler A, Usoltsev I, Wakabayashi Y, Wang Y, Wiehl N, Yamaki S. Nuclear chemistry. Synthesis and detection of a seaborgium carbonyl complex. Science 2014; 345:1491-3. [PMID: 25237098 DOI: 10.1126/science.1255720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Experimental investigations of transactinoide elements provide benchmark results for chemical theory and probe the predictive power of trends in the periodic table. So far, in gas-phase chemical reactions, simple inorganic compounds with the transactinoide in its highest oxidation state have been synthesized. Single-atom production rates, short half-lives, and harsh experimental conditions limited the number of experimentally accessible compounds. We applied a gas-phase carbonylation technique previously tested on short-lived molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) isotopes to the preparation of a carbonyl complex of seaborgium, the 106th element. The volatile seaborgium complex showed the same volatility and reactivity with a silicon dioxide surface as those of the hexacarbonyl complexes of the lighter homologs Mo and W. Comparison of the product's adsorption enthalpy with theoretical predictions and data for the lighter congeners supported a Sg(CO)6 formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Even
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany. GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - H Haba
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Asai
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - T K Sato
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - H Brand
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Di Nitto
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Eichler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland. Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - F L Fan
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - W Hartmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Huang
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - E Jäger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Kaji
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J Kanaya
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Kaneya
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | | | - B Kindler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J V Kratz
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Krier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Y Kudou
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - N Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Lommel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Miyashita
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan. Department of Chemistry, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | | | - K Morita
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - M Murakami
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. Department of Chemistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Y Nagame
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - H Nitsche
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, USA. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720-8169, USA
| | - K Ooe
- Department of Chemistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Z Qin
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - M Schädel
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - J Steiner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Sumita
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | | | - K Tanaka
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - A Toyoshima
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - K Tsukada
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - A Türler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland. Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - I Usoltsev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland. Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Y Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - N Wiehl
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany. Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Yamaki
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. Department of Physics, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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9
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Khuyagbaatar J, Yakushev A, Düllmann CE, Ackermann D, Andersson LL, Asai M, Block M, Boll RA, Brand H, Cox DM, Dasgupta M, Derkx X, Di Nitto A, Eberhardt K, Even J, Evers M, Fahlander C, Forsberg U, Gates JM, Gharibyan N, Golubev P, Gregorich KE, Hamilton JH, Hartmann W, Herzberg RD, Heßberger FP, Hinde DJ, Hoffmann J, Hollinger R, Hübner A, Jäger E, Kindler B, Kratz JV, Krier J, Kurz N, Laatiaoui M, Lahiri S, Lang R, Lommel B, Maiti M, Miernik K, Minami S, Mistry A, Mokry C, Nitsche H, Omtvedt JP, Pang GK, Papadakis P, Renisch D, Roberto J, Rudolph D, Runke J, Rykaczewski KP, Sarmiento LG, Schädel M, Schausten B, Semchenkov A, Shaughnessy DA, Steinegger P, Steiner J, Tereshatov EE, Thörle-Pospiech P, Tinschert K, Torres De Heidenreich T, Trautmann N, Türler A, Uusitalo J, Ward DE, Wegrzecki M, Wiehl N, Van Cleve SM, Yakusheva V. 48Ca+249Bk fusion reaction leading to element Z = 117: long-lived α-decaying 270Db and discovery of 266Lr. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:172501. [PMID: 24836239 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.172501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The superheavy element with atomic number Z=117 was produced as an evaporation residue in the (48)Ca+(249)Bk fusion reaction at the gas-filled recoil separator TASCA at GSI Darmstadt, Germany. The radioactive decay of evaporation residues and their α-decay products was studied using a detection setup that allowed measuring decays of single atomic nuclei with half-lives between sub-μs and a few days. Two decay chains comprising seven α decays and a spontaneous fission each were identified and are assigned to the isotope (294)117 and its decay products. A hitherto unknown α-decay branch in (270)Db (Z = 105) was observed, which populated the new isotope (266)Lr (Z = 103). The identification of the long-lived (T(1/2) = 1.0(-0.4)(+1.9) h) α-emitter (270)Db marks an important step towards the observation of even more long-lived nuclei of superheavy elements located on an "island of stability."
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Affiliation(s)
- J Khuyagbaatar
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Ackermann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - M Asai
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - M Block
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R A Boll
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - H Brand
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D M Cox
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - M Dasgupta
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - X Derkx
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Di Nitto
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Eberhardt
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Even
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Evers
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | | | | | - J M Gates
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N Gharibyan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | | | - K E Gregorich
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J H Hamilton
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - W Hartmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R-D Herzberg
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - F P Heßberger
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D J Hinde
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - J Hoffmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Hollinger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Hübner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E Jäger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Kindler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J V Kratz
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Krier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Laatiaoui
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Lahiri
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - R Lang
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Lommel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Maiti
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - K Miernik
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S Minami
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Mistry
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Mokry
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Nitsche
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - G K Pang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Papadakis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom and University of Jyväskylä, 40351 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - D Renisch
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Roberto
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | | | - J Runke
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K P Rykaczewski
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | | | - M Schädel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - B Schausten
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - D A Shaughnessy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - P Steinegger
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland and University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Steiner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E E Tereshatov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - P Thörle-Pospiech
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Tinschert
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - N Trautmann
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Türler
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland and University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Uusitalo
- University of Jyväskylä, 40351 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - D E Ward
- Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - M Wegrzecki
- Institute of Electron Technology, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - N Wiehl
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S M Van Cleve
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - V Yakusheva
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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10
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Feige M, Hampel G, Kratz JV, Wiehl N, König H, Wagner A. Chronological development of element concentrations in grapes during growth and ripeness and during fermentation of must determined by
instrumental neutron-activation analyses. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2013-2111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The chronological development of element concentrations during growth and ripeness of grapes described in the literature has
only been concerned with the macro elements Mg, K, and Ca. Concentrations of trace elements in must are only described as
a snapshot at the end of the ripeness. Therefore, the motivation for the present work was to accompany the growth and the
ripening process of grapes successively by systematically determining element concentrations in grapes of Riesling and Cabernet
Sauvignon by neutron-activation analyses. While for a number of elements, the concentrations in the grapes increased as
a function of grape development (e.g., Na, K, Rb, Al), other concentrations decreased (e.g., Mg, Ca,
Mn). These decreases are not only to be attributed to a dilution by an increasing uptake of water during growth, but also by an
active transport of the cations out of the berries. Furthermore, the interest focused on the influence of mineral substances on
the process of fermentation and on the uptake of trace elements by the yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Feige
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gabriele Hampel
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens Volker Kratz
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Wiehl
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Helmut König
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Weinforschung, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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11
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Wamers F, Marganiec J, Aksouh F, Aksyutina Y, Álvarez-Pol H, Aumann T, Beceiro-Novo S, Boretzky K, Borge MJG, Chartier M, Chatillon A, Chulkov LV, Cortina-Gil D, Emling H, Ershova O, Fraile LM, Fynbo HOU, Galaviz D, Geissel H, Heil M, Hoffmann DHH, Johansson HT, Jonson B, Karagiannis C, Kiselev OA, Kratz JV, Kulessa R, Kurz N, Langer C, Lantz M, Le Bleis T, Lemmon R, Litvinov YA, Mahata K, Müntz C, Nilsson T, Nociforo C, Nyman G, Ott W, Panin V, Paschalis S, Perea A, Plag R, Reifarth R, Richter A, Rodriguez-Tajes C, Rossi D, Riisager K, Savran D, Schrieder G, Simon H, Stroth J, Sümmerer K, Tengblad O, Weick H, Wimmer C, Zhukov MV. First observation of the unbound nucleus 15Ne. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:132502. [PMID: 24745409 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.132502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first observation of the unbound proton-rich nucleus 15Ne. Its ground state and first excited state were populated in two-neutron knockout reactions from a beam of 500 MeV/u 17Ne. The 15Ne ground state is found to be unbound by 2.522(66) MeV. The decay proceeds directly to 13O with simultaneous two-proton emission. No evidence for sequential decay via the energetically allowed 2- and 1- states in 14F is observed. The 15Ne ground state is shown to have a strong configuration with two protons in the (sd) shell around 13O with a 63(5)% (1s1/2)2 component.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wamers
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI and Research Division GSI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Marganiec
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI and Research Division GSI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Aksouh
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yu Aksyutina
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Álvarez-Pol
- Departamento de Física de Partículas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, ES-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - T Aumann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Beceiro-Novo
- Departamento de Física de Partículas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, ES-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - K Boretzky
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M J G Borge
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, ES-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Chartier
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - A Chatillon
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L V Chulkov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and NRC Kurchatov Institute, RU-123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - D Cortina-Gil
- Departamento de Física de Partículas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, ES-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - H Emling
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - O Ershova
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Institut für Angewandte Physik, Goethe Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - L M Fraile
- Department of Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ES-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - H O U Fynbo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - D Galaviz
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, ES-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - H Geissel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Heil
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D H H Hoffmann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H T Johansson
- Fundamental Fysik, Chalmers Tekniska Högskola, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - B Jonson
- Fundamental Fysik, Chalmers Tekniska Högskola, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - C Karagiannis
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - O A Kiselev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J V Kratz
- Institut für Kernchemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Kulessa
- Instytut Fizyki, Uniwersytet Jagelloński, PL-30-059 Krakóv, Poland
| | - N Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Langer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Institut für Angewandte Physik, Goethe Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Lantz
- Fundamental Fysik, Chalmers Tekniska Högskola, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden and Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Uppsala Universitet, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T Le Bleis
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Physik-Department E12, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Lemmon
- Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Yu A Litvinov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K Mahata
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400 085, India
| | - C Müntz
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Goethe Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - T Nilsson
- Fundamental Fysik, Chalmers Tekniska Högskola, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - C Nociforo
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Nyman
- Fundamental Fysik, Chalmers Tekniska Högskola, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - W Ott
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - V Panin
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Paschalis
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - A Perea
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, ES-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Plag
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Institut für Angewandte Physik, Goethe Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - R Reifarth
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Institut für Angewandte Physik, Goethe Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A Richter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Rodriguez-Tajes
- Departamento de Física de Partículas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, ES-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Rossi
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Institut für Kernchemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Riisager
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - D Savran
- ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI and Research Division GSI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - G Schrieder
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Simon
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Stroth
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Goethe Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - K Sümmerer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - O Tengblad
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, ES-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - H Weick
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Wimmer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Institut für Angewandte Physik, Goethe Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M V Zhukov
- Fundamental Fysik, Chalmers Tekniska Högskola, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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Rossi DM, Adrich P, Aksouh F, Alvarez-Pol H, Aumann T, Benlliure J, Böhmer M, Boretzky K, Casarejos E, Chartier M, Chatillon A, Cortina-Gil D, Datta Pramanik U, Emling H, Ershova O, Fernandez-Dominguez B, Geissel H, Gorska M, Heil M, Johansson HT, Junghans A, Kelic-Heil A, Kiselev O, Klimkiewicz A, Kratz JV, Krücken R, Kurz N, Labiche M, Le Bleis T, Lemmon R, Litvinov YA, Mahata K, Maierbeck P, Movsesyan A, Nilsson T, Nociforo C, Palit R, Paschalis S, Plag R, Reifarth R, Savran D, Scheit H, Simon H, Sümmerer K, Wagner A, Waluś W, Weick H, Winkler M. Measurement of the dipole polarizability of the unstable neutron-rich nucleus 68Ni. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:242503. [PMID: 24483648 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.242503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The E1 strength distribution in 68Ni has been investigated using Coulomb excitation in inverse kinematics at the R3B-LAND setup and by measuring the invariant mass in the one- and two-neutron decay channels. The giant dipole resonance and a low-lying peak (pygmy dipole resonance) have been observed at 17.1(2) and 9.55(17) MeV, respectively. The measured dipole polarizability is compared to relativistic random phase approximation calculations yielding a neutron-skin thickness of 0.17(2) fm. A method and analysis applicable to neutron-rich nuclei has been developed, allowing for a precise determination of neutron skins in nuclei as a function of neutron excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Rossi
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Adrich
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Aksouh
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Alvarez-Pol
- University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - T Aumann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Benlliure
- University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Böhmer
- Physik-Department E12, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Boretzky
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - M Chartier
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A Chatillon
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Cortina-Gil
- University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - H Emling
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - O Ershova
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Goethe Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - B Fernandez-Dominguez
- University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain and University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - H Geissel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Gorska
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Heil
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H T Johansson
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - A Junghans
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Kelic-Heil
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - O Kiselev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Klimkiewicz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Jagiellonian University, PL-30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - J V Kratz
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Krücken
- Physik-Department E12, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - N Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Labiche
- University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom and STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - T Le Bleis
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Institut für Angewandte Physik, Goethe Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany and Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - R Lemmon
- STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - Yu A Litvinov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K Mahata
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400-085, India
| | - P Maierbeck
- Physik-Department E12, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Movsesyan
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Nilsson
- Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - C Nociforo
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Palit
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400-005, India
| | - S Paschalis
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany and University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - R Plag
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Institut für Angewandte Physik, Goethe Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - R Reifarth
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Institut für Angewandte Physik, Goethe Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - D Savran
- ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI and Research Division, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - H Scheit
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Simon
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K Sümmerer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Wagner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - W Waluś
- Jagiellonian University, PL-30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - H Weick
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Winkler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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Rudolph D, Forsberg U, Golubev P, Sarmiento LG, Yakushev A, Andersson LL, Di Nitto A, Düllmann CE, Gates JM, Gregorich KE, Gross CJ, Heßberger FP, Herzberg RD, Khuyagbaatar J, Kratz JV, Rykaczewski K, Schädel M, Åberg S, Ackermann D, Block M, Brand H, Carlsson BG, Cox D, Derkx X, Eberhardt K, Even J, Fahlander C, Gerl J, Jäger E, Kindler B, Krier J, Kojouharov I, Kurz N, Lommel B, Mistry A, Mokry C, Nitsche H, Omtvedt JP, Papadakis P, Ragnarsson I, Runke J, Schaffner H, Schausten B, Thörle-Pospiech P, Torres T, Traut T, Trautmann N, Türler A, Ward A, Ward DE, Wiehl N. Spectroscopy of element 115 decay chains. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:112502. [PMID: 24074079 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.112502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A high-resolution α, x-ray, and γ-ray coincidence spectroscopy experiment was conducted at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung. Thirty correlated α-decay chains were detected following the fusion-evaporation reaction 48Ca + 243Am. The observations are consistent with previous assignments of similar decay chains to originate from element Z=115. For the first time, precise spectroscopy allows the derivation of excitation schemes of isotopes along the decay chains starting with elements Z>112. Comprehensive Monte Carlo simulations accompany the data analysis. Nuclear structure models provide a first level interpretation.
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Sato TK, Sato N, Asai M, Tsukada K, Toyoshima A, Ooe K, Miyashita S, Schädel M, Kaneya Y, Nagame Y, Osa A, Ichikawa SI, Stora T, Kratz JV. First successful ionization of Lr (Z = 103) by a surface-ionization technique. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:023304. [PMID: 23464201 DOI: 10.1063/1.4789772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a surface ionization ion-source as part of the JAEA-ISOL (Isotope Separator On-Line) setup, which is coupled to a He/CdI2 gas-jet transport system to determine the first ionization potential of the heaviest actinide lawrencium (Lr, Z = 103). The new ion-source is an improved version of the previous source that provided good ionization efficiencies for lanthanides. An additional filament was newly installed to give better control over its operation. We report, here, on the development of the new gas-jet coupled surface ion-source and on the first successful ionization and mass separation of 27-s (256)Lr produced in the (249)Cf + (11)B reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya K Sato
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), 2-4 Shirakata-shirane, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan.
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Blaickner M, Kratz JV, Minouchehr S, Otto G, Schmidberger H, Schütz C, Vogtländer L, Wortmann B, Hampel G. Dosimetric feasibility study for an extracorporeal BNCT application on liver metastases at the TRIGA Mainz. Appl Radiat Isot 2011; 70:139-43. [PMID: 21872481 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the dosimetric feasibility of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) of explanted livers in the thermal column of the research reactor in Mainz. The Monte Carlo code MCNP5 is used to calculate the biologically weighted dose for different ratios of the (10)B-concentration in tumour to normal liver tissue. The simulation results show that dosimetric goals are only partially met. To guarantee effective BNCT treatment the organ has to be better shielded from all gamma radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Blaickner
- Health & Environment Department-Molecular Medicine, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Hampel J, Boldt FM, Gerstenberg H, Hampel G, Kratz JV, Reber S, Wiehl N. Fast determination of impurities in metallurgical grade silicon for photovoltaics by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Appl Radiat Isot 2011; 69:1365-8. [PMID: 21652216 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Standard wafer solar cells are made of near-semiconductor quality silicon. This high quality material makes up a significant part of the total costs of a solar module. Therefore, new concepts with less expensive so called solar grade silicon directly based on physiochemically upgraded metallurgical grade silicon are investigated. Metallurgical grade silicon contains large amounts of impurities, mainly transition metals like Fe, Cr, Mn, and Co, which degrade the minority carrier lifetime and thus the solar cell efficiency. A major reduction of the transition metal content occurs during the unidirectional crystallization due to the low segregation coefficient between the solid and liquid phase. A further reduction of the impurity level has to be done by gettering procedures applied to the silicon wafers. The efficiency of such cleaning procedures of metallurgical grade silicon is studied by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Small sized silicon wafers of approximately 200mg with and without gettering step were analyzed. To accelerate the detection of transition metals in a crystallized silicon ingot, experiments of scanning whole vertical silicon columns with a diameter of approximately 1cm by gamma spectroscopy were carried out. It was demonstrated that impurity profiles can be obtained in a comparably short time. Relatively constant transition metal ratios were found throughout an entire silicon ingot. This led to the conclusion that the determination of several metal profiles might be possible by the detection of only one "leading element". As the determination of Mn in silicon can be done quite fast compared to elements like Fe, Cr, and Co, it could be used as a rough marker for the overall metal concentration level. Thus, a fast way to determine impurities in photovoltaic silicon material is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hampel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Freiburg, Germany.
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18
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Abstract
Abstract
The experimental techniques developed to perform rapid chemical separations of the heaviest elements in the aqueous phase are presented. In general, these include transport of the nuclear reaction products to a separation device by the gas-jet technique and dissolution in an aqueous solution containing inorganic ligands for complex formation. The complexes are chemically characterized by a partition method which can be liquid–liquid extraction, ion-exchange- or reversed-phase extraction chromatography. The separated fractions are quickly evaporated to dryness for the preparation of samples for α-particle spectroscopy. Comments are given on the special situation in which chemistry has to be studied with single atoms. Theoretical predictions of chemical properties are compared to the presently known chemical behaviour of rutherfordium, Rf (element 104), dubnium, Db (element 105), seaborgium, Sg (element 106), and hassium, Hs (element 108) and to that of their lighter homologs in the Periodic Table in order to assess the role of relativistic effects in the chemistry of the heaviest elements.
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Qaim SM, Kratz JV, Shinohara A, Nitsche H, Simoni E, Clark SB. Appreciation to Referees. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2010. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2010.9999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The standard of a primary specialized journal depends to a large extent on the quality of the peer-review process. During the last four years the following persons reviewed one or more manuscripts submitted to Radiochimica Acta, and gave advice to improve the presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Atsushi Shinohara
- Osaka University Graduate School of Science, Department of Chemistry, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Heino Nitsche
- University of California at Berkeley, Departement of Chemistry, Berkeley, U.S.A
| | - E. Simoni
- Université Paris XI, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay, Orsay, Frankreich
| | - Sue B. Clark
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99163, U.S.A
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20
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Kratz JV, Fanghänel T, Geckeis H. Preface. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2010. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2010.9004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Fanghänel
- European Commission, Institute for Transuranium Elements, Karlsruhe
| | - H. Geckeis
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung, Karlsruhe, Deutschland
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21
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Düllmann CE, Schädel M, Yakushev A, Türler A, Eberhardt K, Kratz JV, Ackermann D, Andersson LL, Block M, Brüchle W, Dvorak J, Essel HG, Ellison PA, Even J, Gates JM, Gorshkov A, Graeger R, Gregorich KE, Hartmann W, Herzberg RD, Hessberger FP, Hild D, Hübner A, Jäger E, Khuyagbaatar J, Kindler B, Krier J, Kurz N, Lahiri S, Liebe D, Lommel B, Maiti M, Nitsche H, Omtvedt JP, Parr E, Rudolph D, Runke J, Schausten B, Schimpf E, Semchenkov A, Steiner J, Thörle-Pospiech P, Uusitalo J, Wegrzecki M, Wiehl N. Production and decay of element 114: high cross sections and the new nucleus 277Hs. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:252701. [PMID: 20867370 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.252701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The fusion-evaporation reaction 244Pu(48Ca,3-4n){288,289}114 was studied at the new gas-filled recoil separator TASCA. Thirteen correlated decay chains were observed and assigned to the production and decay of {288,289}114. At a compound nucleus excitation energy of E{*}=39.8-43.9 MeV, the 4n evaporation channel cross section was 9.8{-3.1}{+3.9} pb. At E^{*}=36.1-39.5 MeV, that of the 3n evaporation channel was 8.0{-4.5}{+7.4} pb. In one of the 3n evaporation channel decay chains, a previously unobserved α branch in 281Ds was observed (probability to be of random origin from background: 0.1%). This α decay populated the new nucleus 277Hs, which decayed by spontaneous fission after a lifetime of 4.5 ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch E Düllmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany.
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22
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Bürger S, Banik NL, Buda RA, Kratz JV, Kuczewski B, Trautmann N. Speciation of the oxidation states of plutonium in aqueous solutions by UV/Vis spectroscopy, CE-ICP-MS and CE-RIMS. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2007.95.8.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
For the speciation of the plutonium oxidation states in aqueous solutions, the online coupling of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been developed. Depending on the radius/electrical charge ratio, the oxidation states III, IV, V, and VI of plutonium are separated by CE, based on the different migration times through the capillary and are detected by ICP-MS. The detection limit is 20 ppb,i.e.109–1010atoms (10-12–10-13g) for one oxidation state with an uncertainty of the reproducibility of the migration times of ≤1% and ≤5% for the peak area. The redox kinetics of the different plutonium oxidation states in the presence of humic substances (humic and fulvic acid) have been studied. A relatively rapid reduction of Pu(VI) (10 to 1000 h) in contact with Gorleben fulvic or Aldrich humic acid could be observed, depending on the pH of the solution. Furthermore, at pH=1, a reduction to Pu(III) and Pu(IV) in a mixture of all four oxidation states in contact with Gorleben fulvic acid after one month has been observed. In order to improve the sensitivity of the CE method, the offline coupling of CE to resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) has been explored. First applications of this new speciation method are presented.
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23
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Kronenberg A, Eberhardt K, Kratz JV, Mohapatra PK, Nähler A, Thörle P, Brüchle W, Schädel M, Türler A. On-line anion exchange of rutherfordium in HF/HNO3 and HF solutions. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.92.7.379.35753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Summary
The fluoride complexation of the group-4 elements Zr, Hf, and Rf, and of the pseudo-homolog Th, was previously investigated in mixed HNO3/HF solutions by studying K
d values on both cation-exchange resins (CIX) and anion-exchange resins (AIX) using the automated rapid chemistry apparatus ARCA. On the CIX, the fluoride complexation of Rf was found to be weaker than that of Zr and Hf but stronger than that of Th. On the AIX, the competition for the binding sites by the counter ion NO3
- was found to be stronger for the fluoride complexes of Rf than for those of Zr and Hf. The aim of the present work is to add independent evidence to the latter result by measuring K
d values for Rf on the AIX in 0.1 M HNO3/0.5 M HF and in 0.01 M HF without any HNO3. The results are obtained via an activity ratio of the long-lived α-decay descendant of 261mRf, 20-d 253Es, using the multi-column technique (MCT). These experiments corroborate the seemingly much more pronounced competition of NO3
- for the exchanging sites of the AIX with respect to [RfF
x
](
x
-4)- than with [ZrF
x
](
x
-4)- and [HfF
x
](
x
-4)-.
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24
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Wirtz C, Kratz JV, Brüchle W, Schädel M, Schausten B, Wiehl N. Excitation energy division in 51V+197Au collisions 75 MeV above the barrier. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2001.89.11-12.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We have previously determined the excitation energy division in 51V+197Au collisions at a bombarding energy corresponding exactly to the Bass-model barrier, E
cm=B, and at E
cm=B+25 MeV. At the barrier, the average excitation energies as a function of Z showed an extreme acceptor-donor asymmetry ("sawtooth" phenomenon) suggesting that the excitation energy division depends on how the neck nucleons are shared at scission. At the 25 MeV higher bombarding energy, a rapid change toward equipartition of the excitation energy was observed. We report here on the determination of the excitation energy division in the same system, using the same experimental technique, at E
cm=B+75 MeV. At this bombarding energy, the average excitation energies indicate that a temperature equilibrium has been reached for most partitions except for the - on the average - incompletely damped events near the entrance channel charges, where some remnant of the "sawtooth" phenomenon is still visible.
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Pershina V, Trubert D, Le Naour C, Kratz JV. Theoretical predictions of hydrolysis and complex formation of group-4 elements Zr, Hf and Rf in HF and HCl solutions. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2002.90.12_2002.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
SummaryFully relativistic molecular density–functional calculations of the electronic structures of hydrated, hydrolyzed and fluoride/chloride complexes have been performed for group–4 elements Zr, Hf, and element 104, Rf. Using the electronic density distribution data, relative values of the free energy change for hydrolysis and complex formation reactions were defined. The results show the following trend for the first hydrolysis step of the cationic species: Zr > Hf > Rf in agreement with experiments. For the complex formation in HF solutions, the trend to a decrease from Zr to Hf is continued with Rf, provided no hydrolysis takes place. At pH > 0, further fluorination of hydrolyzed species or fluoro–complexes has an inversed trend in the group Rf ≥ Zr > Hf, with the difference between the elements being very small. For the complex formation in HCl solutions, the trend is continued with Rf, so that Zr > Hf > Rf independently of pH. A decisive energetic factor in hydrolysis or complex formation processes proved to be a predominant electrostatic metal–ligand interaction. Trends in theKd(distribution coefficient) values for the group–4 elements are expected to follow those of the complex formation.
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Abstract
The migration behavior of Np(IV/V) is investigated by column experiments using a sandy sediment with groundwater rich in humic substances. NIR spectroscopy, redox speciation by TTA extraction and ultrafiltration are used for the Np speciation in the groundwater prior to its introduction into the column and after elution. Np is found to be transported as humic colloid-bound species which are eluted slightly faster than the water flow velocity. The fraction of humic colloid-borne Np increases with the reduction progress of Np(V) to Np(IV), because the interaction of Np(IV) with humic substances is much stronger than Np(V). The results demonstrate the importance of the speciation of redox sensitive actinides in natural aquifers for the assessment of the humic colloid facilitated migration.
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Abstract
Fully relativistic Density-Functional calculations have been performed for group 7 MO3Cl (M=Tc, Re, and element 107, Bh), for group 8 tetroxides MO4(M=Ru, Os, and element 108, Hs), and for various aqueous complexes of group 6 elements Mo, W, and element 106, Sg. The electronic structure analysis has shown the transactinide compounds to be very similar to those of the lighter homologs in the respective chemical groups with the covalence increasing with increasing atomic number. Results have shown BhO3Cl to have a trend in volatility in line with that of the lighter homologs in the group. Hydrolysis of element 106 with the formation of anionic oxo-complexes has, however, a reversed trend, so that hydrolysis decreases in the order Mo>Sg>W.
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von Zweidorf A, Brüchle W, Bürger S, Hummrich H, Kratz JV, Kuczewski B, Langrock G, Rieth U, Schädel M, Trautmann N, Tsukada K, Wiehl N. Evidence for the formation of sodium hassate(VIII). RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.92.12.855.55112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
SummaryHassium, element 108, was produced in the fusion reaction between26Mg and248Cm. The hassium recoils were oxidizedin-situto a highly volatile oxide, presumably HsO4, and were transported in a mixture of He and O2to a deposition and detection system. The latter consisted of 16 silicon PIN-photodiodes facing a layer of NaOH, which served, in the presence of a certain partial pressure of water in the transport gas, as reactive surface for the deposition of the volatile tetroxides. Six correlated α-decay chains of Hs were detected in the first 5 detectors centred around detection position 3. In analogy to OsO4, which forms Na2[OsO4(OH)2], an osmate(VIII), with aqueous NaOH, HsO4presumably was deposited as Na2[HsO4(OH)2], a hassate(VIII).
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29
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Kratz JV, Kim JI, Silva RJ. Preface: Migration Conference 1999. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2000.88.9-11.iii] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Pfrepper G, Pfrepper R, Kronenberg A, Kratz JV, Nähler A, Brüchle W, Schädel M. Continuous on-line chromatography of short lived isotopes of tungsten as homolog of seaborgium (element 106). RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2000.88.5.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the sorption of W on anion-exchange resins from HNO3/HF solutions under on-line conditions using continuous chromatography with the multi-column technique. Kd values and the charge of the W species were determined. In order to achieve an effective separation of mother (W) and daughter (Ta), also the sorption of Ta from HNO3/HF solutions on various anion exchange resins with different functional groups was studied. This investigation serves the purpose to select a suitable anion exchange resin for planned experiments with Sg.
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31
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Kronenberg A, Mohapatra PK, Kratz JV, Pfrepper G, Pfrepper R. Anion-exchange behavior of Mo and W as homologs of Sg (element 106) in HCl and HNO3 as well as in mixed HCl-HF and HNO3-HF solutions. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.92.7.395.35747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Summary
We have determined K
d values for Mo and W in batch experiments on various anion-exchange resins in HCl and HNO3 as well as in mixed HCl-HF and HNO3-HF solutions in order to create a data base and to select optimum conditions for the determination of K
d values of Sg (element 106) in a future on-line experiment using continuous chromatography with the multi-column technique (MCT). Their influence by hydrolysis and fluoride complexation is discussed and the average charge of the complexes is determined from slope analyses. It is shown that the selectivity of anion exchangers for the Mo- and W complexes and, thus, the separation factors between them, depend strongly on the choice of the functional group of the anion-exchange resin.
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32
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Gäggeler HW, Kratz JV, Qaim SM. Preface: The Fifth International Conference on Nuclear and Radiochemistry, NRC5. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2001.89.11-12.i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Qaim SM, Kratz JV, Madic C. Preface: The Sixth International Conference on Nuclear and Radiochemistry (NRC-6). RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2005.93.9-10.i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Strub E, Kratz JV, Kronenberg A, Nähler A, Thörle P, Zauner S, Brüchle W, Jäger E, Schädel M, Schausten B. Fluoride complexation of rutherfordium (Rf, element 104). RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2000.88.5.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The fluoride complexation of the group-4 elements Zr, Hf and Rf, and of the pseudo-homolog Th, has been investigated in mixed HNO3/HF solutions by studying Kd values on both cation exchange resins (CIX) and anion exchange resins (AIX) using the automated rapid chemistry apparatus ARCA. On the CIX, the four elements are strongly retained as cations below 10-3M HF. For Zr and Hf, the decrease of the Kd values due to the formation of fluoride complexes occurs between 10-3M HF and 10-2M HF. For Rf and Th, this decrease is observed at one order of magnitude higher HF concentrations. On the AIX, for Zr and Hf, a rise of the Kd values due to the formation of anionic fluoride complexes is observed between 10-3M HF and 10-2M HF, i.e. in the same range of HF concentrations where the decrease of the Kd values on the CIX is observed, yielding a consistent picture. For Rf and Th, on the AIX, no rise of the Kd values is observed even if the HF concentration is increased up to 1 M. By varying the concentration of the counter ion NO3-which is competing for the binding sites on the AIX resin, it could be shown, nevertheless, that Rf does form anionic fluoride complexes. Apparently, there is a more specific competition of NO3-with respect to [RfFx](x-4)-than with [ZrFy](y-4)-and [HfFz](z-4)-.
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35
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Abstract
The potential associated with the electrochemical deposition of radionuclides in metallic form from solutions of extremely small concentration is strongly influenced by the choice of the electrode material. In a macroscopic model, the interaction between the microcomponent and the electrode material is described by the partial molar adsorption enthalpy and -entropy. By combination with the thermodynamic description of the electrode process, a potential is calculated that characterizes the process at 50% deposition. Model calculations for Ni-, Cu-, Pd-, Ag-, Pt-, and Au-electrodes and the microcomponents Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, and Po confirm the decisive influence of the electrode material on the deposition potential. The present study prepares an application of the same model to the superheavy elements 112-116.
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36
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Abstract
AbstractThe behaviour of plutonium with respect to its migration in the aquifer has been studied under conditions close to nature. Most relevant under these conditions are Pu(III) and Pu(IV) in contact with humic substances (HS) and minerals. As a model for the host rock, kaolinite (KGa-1b) was chosen. The complexation of Pu(III) and Pu(IV) with Aldrich humic acid (AHA) in aqueous solution at ionic strength 0.1 M was investigated by the ultrafiltration method. The sorption of Pu(III) and Am(III) onto kaolinite (K) as a function of pH and metal-ion concentration was studied under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The pH edge was found at pH∼5.5 independent of the metal-ion concentration and working atmosphere. The influence of HS on the sorption of Pu(III) and Pu(IV) onto kaolinite was investigated in the ternary systems Pu(III)-K-HS and Pu(IV)-K-HS and for comparison, in the system Th(IV)-K-HS. The dependence on pH, contact time, concentration of HS (for Pu(IV)-K-HS) was studied as well as the sequence in which the components were added. Generally, it was found that HS tend to enhance the sorption onto kaolinite below pH 6 and to decrease sorption at higher pH depending in detail on the sequence in which the components were added. An identification of the species sorbed on the surface of the kaolinite by X-ray absorption spectroscopy, as well as chemically, was attempted and preliminary results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N. L. Banik
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Institut für Kernchemie, Mainz
| | | | - N. Trautmann
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernchemie, Mainz, Deutschland
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37
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Haba H, Tsukada K, Asai M, Toyoshima A, Ishii Y, Toume H, Sato T, Nishinaka I, Ichikawa T, Ichikawa S, Nagame Y, Sato W, Matsuo K, Kitamoto Y, Tashiro Y, Shinohara A, Saito J, Ito M, Ikezawa T, Sakamaki M, Goto S, Kudo H, Kikunaga H, Arai M, Kamataki S, Yokoyama A, Akiyama K, Sueki K, Oura Y, Schädel M, Brüchle W, Kratz JV. Extraction behavior of rutherfordium into tributylphosphate from hydrochloric acid. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2007.95.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The extraction behavior of rutherfordium (Rf) into tributylphosphate (TBP) from hydrochloric acid (HCl) has been studied together with those of the lighter group-4 elements Zr and Hf. The extractability of261Rf,169Hf, and85Zr into TBP was investigated under identical conditions in 7.2–8.0 M HCl by on-line reversed-phase extraction chromatography. The percent extractions of Rf, Hf, and Zr into the TBP resin increase steeply with increasing HCl concentration, and the order of extraction is Zr > Hf ≈ Rf. By considering the order of chloride complexation among these elements, it is suggested that the stability of the TBP complex of Rf tetrachloride is lower than those of Zr and Hf.
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38
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Kratz JV, Fanghänel T, Geckeis H. Preface Migration 2005. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2006.94.9-11.iii] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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Abstract
The sorption of tetravalent plutonium onto kaolinite, a clay mineral, has been studied as a function of pH. The sorption studies have been performed by batch experiments under aerobic and anaerobic conditions (glove box). A pH range of 0–11 has been investigated with plutonium concentrations of 3.5 × 10-7−6.9 × 10-9M and a solid phase concentration of 4 g/L. A sorption edge at about pH=1 and maximum sorption around pH=8.5 has been found under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In the presence of CO2at pH > 8.5, the sorption of plutonium is decreased due to the formation of soluble carbonate complexes. This is supported by speciation calculations for Pu(IV)-hydroxo-carbonate species in aqueous solution. Depending on the pH, 1%−10% of the sorbed plutonium is desorbed from the kaolinite and released into the fresh solution. For comparison with the behavior of Pu(IV), the sorption of the redox-stable Th(IV) onto kaolinite has also been investigated. Furthermore, the sorption of humic substances (HS) onto kaolinite has been studied as a function of pH and for varying concentrations of HS as a prerequisite to understand the more complex ternary system: plutonium, humic substances, and clay. It has been found that the sorption of Aldrich humic acid onto kaolinite is generally higher than that for Gorleben fulvic acid.
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40
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Abstract
Summary
Gas-phase ion chemistry in a Penning trap has been explored for future experiments on the chemical properties of the heaviest elements. The Mainz Cluster Trap, a Penning trap experiment devoted to metal cluster research, has served as a model apparatus for SHIPTRAP which is being installed behind the velocity filter SHIP (Separator for Heavy Ion reaction Products) at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) at Darmstadt. The reactions of stored Ru+ and Os+ with oxygen have been studied and the reaction products MO+ and MO2
+ (M = Ru, Os) have been observed. The corresponding rate constants have been measured and the results are discussed with respect to future studies of similar ion-molecule reactions of the element 108 (hassium) in SHIPTRAP.
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41
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Altarev I, Atchison F, Daum M, Frei A, Gutsmiedl E, Hampel G, Hartmann FJ, Heil W, Knecht A, Kratz JV, Lauer T, Meier M, Paul S, Sobolev Y, Wiehl N. Direct experimental verification of neutron acceleration by the material optical potential of solid 2H2. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:014801. [PMID: 18232776 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.014801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the acceleration of neutrons by the material optical potential of solid 2H2. Using a gravitational spectrometer, we find a minimal kinetic energy Ec = (99+/-7) neV of neutrons from a superthermal ultracold neutron (UCN) source with solid 2H2 as an UCN converter. The result is in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions, Ec = 106 neV.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Altarev
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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42
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Hummrich H, Banik NL, Breckheimer M, Brüchle W, Buda R, Feist F, Jäger E, Kratz JV, Kuczewski B, Liebe D, Niewisch L, Schädel M, Schausten B, Schimpf E, Wiehl N. Electrodeposition methods in superheavy element chemistry. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2008. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2008.1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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43
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Reich T, Reich TY, Amayri S, Drebert J, Banik NL, Buda RA, Kratz JV, Trautmann N. Application of XAFS Spectroscopy to Actinide Environmental Science. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2644467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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44
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Kratz JV. Nuclear Chemistry, Theory and Applications. Von G. R. Choppin und J. Rydberg. Pergamon Press, New York 1980. VIII, 667 S., Paperback $ 29.50, geb. $ 87.00. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19820940239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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Adrich P, Klimkiewicz A, Fallot M, Boretzky K, Aumann T, Cortina-Gil D, Pramanik UD, Elze TW, Emling H, Geissel H, Hellström M, Jones KL, Kratz JV, Kulessa R, Leifels Y, Nociforo C, Palit R, Simon H, Surówka G, Sümmerer K, Waluś W. Evidence for pygmy and giant dipole resonances in 130Sn and 132Sn. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:132501. [PMID: 16197134 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.132501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The dipole strength distribution above the one-neutron separation energy was measured in the unstable 130Sn and the double-magic 132Sn isotopes. The results were deduced from Coulomb dissociation of secondary Sn beams with energies around 500 MeV/nucleon, produced by in-flight fission of a primary 238U beam. In addition to the giant dipole resonance, a resonancelike structure ("pygmy resonance") is observed at a lower excitation energy around 10 MeV exhausting a few percent of the isovector E1 energy-weighted sum rule. The results are discussed in the context of a predicted new dipole mode of excess neutrons oscillating out of phase with the core nucleons.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Adrich
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI), D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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46
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Ilievski S, Aumann T, Boretzky K, Elze TW, Emling H, Grünschloss A, Holeczek J, Holzmann R, Kozhuharov C, Kratz JV, Kulessa R, Leistenschneider A, Lubkiewicz E, Ohtsuki T, Reiter P, Simon H, Stelzer K, Stroth J, Sümmerer K, Wajda E, Waluś W. Evidence for multiphonon giant resonances in electromagnetic fission of 238U. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:112502. [PMID: 15089127 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.112502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Differential cross sections for electromagnetic fission of 238U projectiles (500 MeV/u) in C, Sn, and Pb targets are measured and analyzed in terms of single- and multiphonon giant resonance excitations as doorway states to fission. A novel experimental method exploits the linear relationship between neutron multiplicity and the primary 238U excitation energy. Multiphonon states contribute up to 20% of the cross section; a component at high excitation energies is indicated that may arise from three-phonon dipole and two-phonon GDR x GQRiv giant resonance excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ilievski
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany
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47
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Kuczewski B, Marquardt CM, Seibert A, Geckeis H, Kratz JV, Trautmann N. Separation of Plutonium and Neptunium Species by Capillary Electrophoresis−Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry and Application to Natural Groundwater Samples. Anal Chem 2003; 75:6769-74. [PMID: 14670034 DOI: 10.1021/ac0347213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was coupled to ICPMS in order to combine the good performance of this separation technique with the high sensitivity of the ICPMS for the analysis of plutonium and neptunium oxidation states. The combination of a fused-silica capillary with a MicroMist AR 30-I-FM02 nebulizer and a Cinnabar small-volume cyclonic spray chamber yielded the best separation results. With this setup, it was possible to separate a model element mixture containing neptunium (NpO2(+)), uranium (UO2(2+)), lanthanum (La3+), and thorium (Th4+) in 1 M acetic acid. The same conditions were also suitable for the separation of various oxidation states of plutonium and neptunium in different aqueous samples. All separations were obtained within less than 15 min. A detection limit of 50 ppb identical with 2 x 10(-7) M (3-fold standard deviation of a blank) was achieved. To prove the negligible disturbance of the plutonium and neptunium redox equilibria during the CE separations, plutonium and neptunium speciation by CE-ICPMS in acidic solutions was compared with the results of UV/visible absorption spectroscopy and was found to be in good agreement. The CE-ICPMS system was also applied to study the reduction of Pu(VI) in a humic acid-containing groundwater at different pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kuczewski
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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48
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Meister M, Chulkov LV, Simon H, Aumann T, Borge MJG, Elze TW, Emling H, Geissel H, Hellström M, Jonson B, Kratz JV, Kulessa R, Leifels Y, Markenroth K, Münzenberg G, Nickel F, Nilsson T, Nyman G, Pribora V, Richter A, Riisager K, Scheidenberger C, Schrieder G, Tengblad O, Zhukov MV. The t+n+n system and 5H. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:162504. [PMID: 14611398 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.162504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The one-proton knockout channel from 6He (240 MeV/u) impinging on a carbon target has been investigated. The triton fragments originating from this channel were detected in coincidence with the two neutrons. A broad structure, peaked at 3 MeV above the t+2n threshold, is observed in the t+n+n-relative energy spectrum. It is shown that this structure is mainly due to a I(pi)=1/2(+) resonance as expected for the 5H ground state, and from the observed angular and energy correlations, being used for the first time in 5H studies, that the neutrons to a large extent occupy the p shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meister
- Fysiska Institutionen, Chalmers Tekniska Högskolaoch Göteborgs Universitet, S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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49
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Meister M, Markenroth K, Aleksandrov D, Aumann T, Axelsson L, Baumann T, Borge MJG, Chulkov LV, Dostal W, Eberlein B, Elze TW, Emling H, Forssén C, Geissel H, Hellström M, Holzmann R, Jonson B, Kratz JV, Kulessa R, Leifels Y, Leistenschneider A, Mukha I, Münzenberg G, Nickel F, Nilsson T, Nyman G, Richter A, Riisager K, Scheidenberger C, Schrieder G, Simon H, Tengblad O, Zhukov MV. Evidence for a new low-lying resonance state in 7He. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:102501. [PMID: 11909350 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.102501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2001] [Revised: 12/26/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Low-lying resonance states in 7He(6He+n), formed after fragmentation reactions of a 227 MeV/nucleon 8He beam on a carbon target, have been studied. Coincidences between 6He nuclei and neutrons, corresponding to the one-neutron knockout channel in 8He, were selected. The relative energy spectrum in the 6He+n system shows a structure, which is interpreted as the 7He ( Ipi = 3/2(-)) ground state, unbound with 0.43(2) MeV relative to the 6He+n system and a width of Gamma = 0.15(8) MeV overlapping with an excited ( Ipi = 1/2(-)) state observed at 1.0(1) MeV with a width of Gamma = 0.75(8) MeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meister
- Experimentell Fysik, Chalmers Tekniska Högskola och Göteborgs Universitet, S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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50
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Leistenschneider A, Aumann T, Boretzky K, Cortina D, Cub J, Datta Pramanik U, Dostal W, Elze TW, Emling H, Geissel H, Grünschloss A, Hellstr M, Holzmann R, Ilievski S, Iwasa N, Kaspar M, Kleinböhl A, Kratz JV, Kulessa R, Leifels Y, Lubkiewicz E, Münzenberg G, Reiter P, Rejmund M, Scheidenberger C, Schlegel C, Simon H, Stroth J, Sümmerer K, Wajda E, Walús W, Wan S. Photoneutron cross sections for unstable neutron-rich oxygen isotopes. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:5442-5445. [PMID: 11415271 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.5442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The dipole response of stable and unstable neutron-rich oxygen nuclei of masses A = 17 to A = 22 has been investigated experimentally utilizing electromagnetic excitation in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies about 600 MeV/nucleon. A kinematically complete measurement of the neutron decay channel in inelastic scattering of the secondary beam projectiles from a Pb target was performed. Differential electromagnetic excitation cross sections d sigma/dE were derived up to 30 MeV excitation energy. In contrast to stable nuclei, the deduced dipole strength distribution appears to be strongly fragmented and systematically exhibits a considerable fraction of low-lying strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leistenschneider
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany
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