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van Os BW, Vos WG, Bosmans LA, van Tiel CM, Lith SC, den Toom M, Beckers L, Levels JHM, van Wouw SAE, Zelcer N, Zaal EA, Berkers CR, van de Lest CHA, Helms JB, Weber C, Atzler D, de Winther MPJ, Baardman J, Lutgens E. Hyperlipidemia elicits an atypical, Th1 like CD4+ T cell response: a key role for VLDL. European Heart Journal Open 2023; 3:oead013. [PMID: 36969380 PMCID: PMC10032356 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oead013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Aims Hyperlipidemia and T cell driven inflammation are important drivers of atherosclerosis, the main underlying cause of cardiovascular disease. Here, we detailed the effects of hyperlipidemia on T cells. Methods and results In vitro, exposure of human and murine CD4+ T cells to very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), but not to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) resulted in upregulation of Th1 associated pathways. VLDL was taken up via a CD36-dependent pathway and resulted in membrane stiffening and a reduction in lipid rafts. To further detail this response in vivo, T cells of mice lacking the LDL receptor (LDLr), which develop a strong increase in VLDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels upon high cholesterol feeding were investigated. CD4+ T cells of hyperlipidemic Ldlr-/- mice exhibited an increased expression of the C-X-C-chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) and produced more interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Gene set enrichment analysis identified IFN-γ-mediated signaling as the most upregulated pathway in hyperlipidemic T cells. However, the classical Th1 associated transcription factor profile with strong upregulation of Tbet and Il12rb2 was not observed. Hyperlipidemia did not affect levels of the CD4+ T cell's metabolites involved in glycolysis or other canonical metabolic pathways but enhanced amino acids levels. However, CD4+ T cells of hyperlipidemic mice showed increased cholesterol accumulation and an increased arachidonic acid (AA) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ratio, which was associated with inflammatory T cell activation. Conclusions Hyperlipidemia, and especially its VLDL component induces an atypical Th1 response in CD4+ T cells. Underlying mechanisms include CD36 mediated uptake of VLDL, and an altered AA/DHA ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram W van Os
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Winnie G Vos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Laura A Bosmans
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Claudia M van Tiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Sanne C Lith
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Myrthe den Toom
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Linda Beckers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Johannes H M Levels
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Suzanne A E van Wouw
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Noam Zelcer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Esther A Zaal
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Celia R Berkers
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University and Netherlands Proteomics Centre , Utrecht , Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Chris H A van de Lest
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - J Bernd Helms
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, 80336, Munich , Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance , Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, 80336, Munich , Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht University , Maastricht , the Netherlands
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) , Munich , Germany
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, 80336, Munich , Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance , Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, 80336, Munich , Germany
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Goethestraße 33D, 80336, Munich , Germany
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Baardman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, 80336, Munich , Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance , Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, 80336, Munich , Germany
- Dept of Cardiovascular Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Immunology Laboratory , Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, 55905, MN , USA
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Bosmans LA, van Tiel CM, Aarts SABM, Willemsen L, Baardman J, van Os BW, den Toom M, Beckers L, Ahern DJ, Levels JHM, Jongejan A, Moerland PD, Verberk SGS, van den Bossche J, de Winther MMPJ, Weber C, Atzler D, Monaco C, Gerdes N, Shami A, Lutgens E. Myeloid CD40 deficiency reduces atherosclerosis by impairing macrophages' transition into a pro-inflammatory state. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 119:1146-1160. [PMID: 35587037 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS CD40 and its ligand, CD40L, play a critical role in driving atherosclerotic plaque development. Disrupted CD40-signaling reduces experimental atherosclerosis and induces a favourable stable plaque phenotype. We recently showed that small molecule-based inhibition of CD40-TNF Receptor Associated Factor-6 interactions attenuates atherosclerosis in hyperlipidaemic mice via macrophage-driven mechanisms. The present study aims to detail the function of myeloid CD40 in atherosclerosis using myeloid-specific CD40-deficient mice. METHOD AND RESULTS Cd40flox/flox and LysM-cre Cd40flox/flox mice on an Apoe-/- background were generated (CD40wt and CD40mac-/-, respectively). Atherosclerotic lesion size, as well as plaque macrophage content, were reduced in CD40mac-/- compared to CD40wt mice and their plaques displayed a reduction in necrotic core size. Transcriptomics analysis of the CD40mac-/- atherosclerotic aorta revealed downregulated pathways of immune pathways and inflammatory responses.Loss of CD40 in macrophages changed the representation of aortic macrophage subsets. Mass cytometry analysis revealed a higher content of a subset of alternative or resident-like CD206 + CD209b- macrophages in the atherosclerotic aorta of CD40mac-/- compared to CD40wt mice. RNA-sequencing of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) of CD40mac-/- mice demonstrated upregulation of genes associated with alternatively activated macrophages (including Folr2, Thbs1, Sdc1 and Tns1). CONCLUSIONS We here show that absence of CD40 signalling in myeloid cells reduces atherosclerosis and limits systemic inflammation by preventing a shift in macrophage polarization towards pro-inflammatory states. Our study confirms the merit of macrophage-targeted inhibition of CD40 as a valuable therapeutic strategy to combat atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Bosmans
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) & Amsterdam Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia M van Tiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) & Amsterdam Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne A B M Aarts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) & Amsterdam Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Willemsen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) & Amsterdam Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Baardman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) & Amsterdam Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram W van Os
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) & Amsterdam Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myrthe den Toom
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) & Amsterdam Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Beckers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) & Amsterdam Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David J Ahern
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Johannes H M Levels
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Perry D Moerland
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne G S Verberk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan van den Bossche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) & Amsterdam Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Menno M P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) & Amsterdam Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Walter-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany
| | - Claudia Monaco
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annelie Shami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) & Amsterdam Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Dept. of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) & Amsterdam Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Experimental Cardiovascular Immunology Laboratory, Dept of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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3
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de Goede KE, Verberk SGS, Baardman J, Harber KJ, van Kooyk Y, de Winther MPJ, Schetters STT, Van den Bossche J. Myeloid-Specific Acly Deletion Alters Macrophage Phenotype In Vitro and In Vivo without Affecting Tumor Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123054. [PMID: 34205266 PMCID: PMC8235155 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells rely on ATP-citrate lyase (Acly)-derived acetyl-CoA for lipid biogenesis and proliferation, marking Acly as a promising therapeutic target. However, inhibitors may have side effects on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs are innate immune cells abundant in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and play central roles in tumorigenesis, progression and therapy response. Since macrophage Acly deletion was previously shown to elicit macrophages with increased pro- and decreased anti-inflammatory responses in vitro, we hypothesized that Acly targeting may elicit anti-tumor responses in macrophages, whilst inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. Here, we used a myeloid-specific knockout model to validate that absence of Acly decreases IL-4-induced macrophage activation. Using two distinct tumor models, we demonstrate that Acly deletion slightly alters tumor immune composition and TAM phenotype in a tumor type-dependent manner without affecting tumor growth. Together, our results indicate that targeting Acly in macrophages does not have detrimental effects on myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra E. de Goede
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.E.d.G.); (S.G.S.V.); (K.J.H.); (Y.v.K.); (S.T.T.S.)
| | - Sanne G. S. Verberk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.E.d.G.); (S.G.S.V.); (K.J.H.); (Y.v.K.); (S.T.T.S.)
| | - Jeroen Baardman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.B.); (M.P.J.d.W.)
| | - Karl J. Harber
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.E.d.G.); (S.G.S.V.); (K.J.H.); (Y.v.K.); (S.T.T.S.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.B.); (M.P.J.d.W.)
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.E.d.G.); (S.G.S.V.); (K.J.H.); (Y.v.K.); (S.T.T.S.)
| | - Menno P. J. de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.B.); (M.P.J.d.W.)
| | - Sjoerd T. T. Schetters
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.E.d.G.); (S.G.S.V.); (K.J.H.); (Y.v.K.); (S.T.T.S.)
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.E.d.G.); (S.G.S.V.); (K.J.H.); (Y.v.K.); (S.T.T.S.)
- Correspondence:
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4
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Shami A, Atzler D, Bosmans LA, Winkels H, Meiler S, Lacy M, van Tiel C, Ta Megens R, Nitz K, Baardman J, Kusters P, Seijkens T, Buerger C, Janjic A, Riccardi C, Edsfeldt A, Monaco C, Daemen M, de Winther MPJ, Nilsson J, Weber C, Gerdes N, Gonçalves I, Lutgens E. Glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor family-related protein (GITR) drives atherosclerosis in mice and is associated with an unstable plaque phenotype and cerebrovascular events in humans. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:2938-2948. [PMID: 32728688 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS GITR-a co-stimulatory immune checkpoint protein-is known for both its activating and regulating effects on T-cells. As atherosclerosis bears features of chronic inflammation and autoimmunity, we investigated the relevance of GITR in cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS AND RESULTS GITR expression was elevated in carotid endarterectomy specimens obtained from patients with cerebrovascular events (n = 100) compared to asymptomatic patients (n = 93) and correlated with parameters of plaque vulnerability, including plaque macrophage, lipid and glycophorin A content, and levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, and C-C-chemokine ligand 2. Soluble GITR levels were elevated in plasma from subjects with CVD compared to healthy controls. Plaque area in 28-week-old Gitr-/-Apoe-/- mice was reduced, and plaques had a favourable phenotype with less macrophages, a smaller necrotic core and a thicker fibrous cap. GITR deficiency did not affect the lymphoid population. RNA sequencing of Gitr-/-Apoe-/- and Apoe-/- monocytes and macrophages revealed altered pathways of cell migration, activation, and mitochondrial function. Indeed, Gitr-/-Apoe-/- monocytes displayed decreased integrin levels, reduced recruitment to endothelium, and produced less reactive oxygen species. Likewise, GITR-deficient macrophages produced less cytokines and had a reduced migratory capacity. CONCLUSION Our data reveal a novel role for the immune checkpoint GITR in driving myeloid cell recruitment and activation in atherosclerosis, thereby inducing plaque growth and vulnerability. In humans, elevated GITR expression in carotid plaques is associated with a vulnerable plaque phenotype and adverse cerebrovascular events. GITR has the potential to become a novel therapeutic target in atherosclerosis as it reduces myeloid cell recruitment to the arterial wall and impedes atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Shami
- Experimental Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura A Bosmans
- Experimental Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Holger Winkels
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany.,Department of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Svenja Meiler
- Experimental Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany
| | - Michael Lacy
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia van Tiel
- Experimental Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Ta Megens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Katrin Nitz
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany
| | - Jeroen Baardman
- Experimental Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Kusters
- Experimental Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Seijkens
- Experimental Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christina Buerger
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Janjic
- Anthropology & Human Genomics, Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andreas Edsfeldt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Claudia Monaco
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Mat Daemen
- Department of Pathology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Experimental Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Experimental Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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5
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Verberk SGS, van der Zande HJP, Baardman J, de Goede KE, Harber KJ, Keuning ED, Lambooij JM, Otto F, Zawistowska-Deniziak A, de Vries HE, de Winther MPJ, Guigas B, Van den Bossche J. Myeloid ATP Citrate Lyase Regulates Macrophage Inflammatory Responses In Vitro Without Altering Inflammatory Disease Outcomes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:669920. [PMID: 33981315 PMCID: PMC8107722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are highly plastic, key regulators of inflammation. Deregulation of macrophage activation can lead to excessive inflammation as seen in inflammatory disorders like atherosclerosis, obesity, multiple sclerosis and sepsis. Targeting intracellular metabolism is considered as an approach to reshape deranged macrophage activation and to dampen the progression of inflammatory disorders. ATP citrate lyase (Acly) is a key metabolic enzyme and an important regulator of macrophage activation. Using a macrophage-specific Acly-deficient mouse model, we investigated the role of Acly in macrophages during acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. First, we performed RNA sequencing to demonstrate that Acly-deficient macrophages showed hyperinflammatory gene signatures in response to acute LPS stimulation in vitro. Next, we assessed endotoxin-induced peritonitis in myeloid-specific Acly-deficient mice and show that, apart from increased splenic Il6 expression, systemic and local inflammation were not affected by Acly deficiency. Also during obesity, both chronic low-grade inflammation and whole-body metabolic homeostasis remained largely unaltered in mice with Acly-deficient myeloid cells. Lastly, we show that macrophage-specific Acly deletion did not affect the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an experimental model of multiple sclerosis. These results indicate that, despite increasing inflammatory responses in vitro, macrophage Acly deficiency does not worsen acute and chronic inflammatory responses in vivo. Collectively, our results indicate that caution is warranted in prospective long-term treatments of inflammatory disorders with macrophage-specific Acly inhibitors. Together with our earlier observation that myeloid Acly deletion stabilizes atherosclerotic lesions, our findings highlight that therapeutic targeting of macrophage Acly can be beneficial in some, but not all, inflammatory disorders.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase/genetics
- ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase/metabolism
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/enzymology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Inflammation/enzymology
- Inflammation/etiology
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharides
- Macrophages/enzymology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
- Obesity/complications
- Peptide Fragments
- Peritonitis/chemically induced
- Peritonitis/enzymology
- Peritonitis/genetics
- Peritonitis/immunology
- Phenotype
- Signal Transduction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne G. S. Verberk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen Baardman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kyra E. de Goede
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karl J. Harber
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eelco D. Keuning
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost M. Lambooij
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frank Otto
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anna Zawistowska-Deniziak
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Helga E. de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Menno P. J. de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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6
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Baardman J, Verberk SGS, van der Velden S, Gijbels MJJ, van Roomen CPPA, Sluimer JC, Broos JY, Griffith GR, Prange KHM, van Weeghel M, Lakbir S, Molenaar D, Meinster E, Neele AE, Kooij G, de Vries HE, Lutgens E, Wellen KE, de Winther MPJ, Van den Bossche J. Macrophage ATP citrate lyase deficiency stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6296. [PMID: 33293558 PMCID: PMC7722882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages represent a major immune cell population in atherosclerotic plaques and play central role in the progression of this lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease. Targeting immunometabolism is proposed as a strategy to revert aberrant macrophage activation to improve disease outcome. Here, we show ATP citrate lyase (Acly) to be activated in inflammatory macrophages and human atherosclerotic plaques. We demonstrate that myeloid Acly deficiency induces a stable plaque phenotype characterized by increased collagen deposition and fibrous cap thickness, along with a smaller necrotic core. In-depth functional, lipidomic, and transcriptional characterization indicate deregulated fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis and reduced liver X receptor activation within the macrophages in vitro. This results in macrophages that are more prone to undergo apoptosis, whilst maintaining their capacity to phagocytose apoptotic cells. Together, our results indicate that targeting macrophage metabolism improves atherosclerosis outcome and we reveal Acly as a promising therapeutic target to stabilize atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Baardman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sanne G S Verberk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Saskia van der Velden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marion J J Gijbels
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Cindy P P A van Roomen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Judith C Sluimer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (CVS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jelle Y Broos
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics & Metabolomics, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Guillermo R Griffith
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Koen H M Prange
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Cardiovascular sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Soufyan Lakbir
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Systems Bioinformatics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Douwe Molenaar
- Systems Bioinformatics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisa Meinster
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annette E Neele
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. .,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. .,Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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7
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Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are capable of suppressing excessive immune responses to prevent autoimmunity and chronic inflammation. Decreased numbers of Tregs and impaired suppressive function are associated with the progression of atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall and the leading cause of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, therapeutic strategies to improve Treg number or function could be beneficial to preventing atherosclerotic disease development. A growing body of evidence shows that intracellular metabolism of Tregs is a key regulator of their proliferation, suppressive function, and stability. Here we evaluate the role of Tregs in atherosclerosis, their metabolic regulation, and the links between their metabolism and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Baardman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, 80336 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
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8
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Wenstedt EF, Verberk SG, Kroon J, Neele AE, Baardman J, Claessen N, Pasaoglu ÖT, Rademaker E, Schrooten EM, Wouda RD, de Winther MP, Aten J, Vogt L, Van den Bossche J. Salt increases monocyte CCR2 expression and inflammatory responses in humans. JCI Insight 2019; 4:130508. [PMID: 31672939 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation may play a role in the link between high salt intake and its deleterious consequences. However, it is unknown whether salt can induce proinflammatory priming of monocytes and macrophages in humans. We investigated the effects of salt on monocytes and macrophages in vitro and in vivo by performing a randomized crossover trial in which 11 healthy human subjects adhered to a 2-week low-salt and high-salt diet. We demonstrate that salt increases monocyte expression of CCR2, a chemokine receptor that mediates monocyte infiltration in inflammatory diseases. In line with this, we show a salt-induced increase of plasma MCP-1, transendothelial migration of monocytes, and skin macrophage density after high-salt diet. Macrophages demonstrate signs of an increased proinflammatory phenotype after salt exposure, as represented by boosted LPS-induced cytokine secretion of IL-6, TNF, and IL-10 in vitro, and by increased HLA-DR expression and decreased CD206 expression on skin macrophages after high-salt diet. Taken together, our data open up the possibility for inflammatory monocyte and macrophage responses as potential contributors to the deleterious effects of high salt intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Fe Wenstedt
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sanne Gs Verberk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Kroon
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annette E Neele
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Section of Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Baardman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Section of Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nike Claessen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Özge T Pasaoglu
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Emma Rademaker
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esmee M Schrooten
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rosa D Wouda
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Menno Pj de Winther
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Section of Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Aten
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Liffert Vogt
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Section of Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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9
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Baardman J, Verberk SGS, Prange KHM, van Weeghel M, van der Velden S, Ryan DG, Wüst RCI, Neele AE, Speijer D, Denis SW, Witte ME, Houtkooper RH, O'neill LA, Knatko EV, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Lutgens E, de Winther MPJ, Van den Bossche J. A Defective Pentose Phosphate Pathway Reduces Inflammatory Macrophage Responses during Hypercholesterolemia. Cell Rep 2018; 25:2044-2052.e5. [PMID: 30463003 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a crucial regulator of immune cell activation, but how systemic metabolism influences immune cell metabolism and function remains to be investigated. To investigate the effect of dyslipidemia on immune cell metabolism, we performed in-depth transcriptional, metabolic, and functional characterization of macrophages isolated from hypercholesterolemic mice. Systemic metabolic changes in such mice alter cellular macrophage metabolism and attenuate inflammatory macrophage responses. In addition to diminished maximal mitochondrial respiration, hypercholesterolemia reduces the LPS-mediated induction of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and the Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response. Our observation that suppression of the PPP diminishes LPS-induced cytokine secretion supports the notion that this pathway contributes to inflammatory macrophage responses. Overall, this study reveals that systemic and cellular metabolism are strongly interconnected, together dictating macrophage phenotype and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Baardman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne G S Verberk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Koen H M Prange
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia van der Velden
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dylan G Ryan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Rob C I Wüst
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annette E Neele
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dave Speijer
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simone W Denis
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten E Witte
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luke A O'neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Elena V Knatko
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Pettenkoferstrasse 9, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Pettenkoferstrasse 9, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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10
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Van den Bossche J, Baardman J, Otto NA, van der Velden S, Neele AE, van den Berg SM, Luque-Martin R, Chen HJ, Boshuizen MCS, Ahmed M, Hoeksema MA, de Vos AF, de Winther MPJ. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Prevents Repolarization of Inflammatory Macrophages. Cell Rep 2017; 17:684-696. [PMID: 27732846 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells that adopt diverse activation states in response to their microenvironment. Editing macrophage activation to dampen inflammatory diseases by promoting the repolarization of inflammatory (M1) macrophages to anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages is of high interest. Here, we find that mouse and human M1 macrophages fail to convert into M2 cells upon IL-4 exposure in vitro and in vivo. In sharp contrast, M2 macrophages are more plastic and readily repolarized into an inflammatory M1 state. We identify M1-associated inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation as the factor responsible for preventing M1→M2 repolarization. Inhibiting nitric oxide production, a key effector molecule in M1 cells, dampens the decline in mitochondrial function to improve metabolic and phenotypic reprogramming to M2 macrophages. Thus, inflammatory macrophage activation blunts oxidative phosphorylation, thereby preventing repolarization. Therapeutically restoring mitochondrial function might be useful to improve the reprogramming of inflammatory macrophages into anti-inflammatory cells to control disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Van den Bossche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen Baardman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands
| | - Natasja A Otto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands; Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands; Center for Infection and Immunity, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia van der Velden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands
| | - Annette E Neele
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands
| | - Susan M van den Berg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands
| | - Rosario Luque-Martin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands
| | - Hung-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke C S Boshuizen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands
| | - Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands
| | - Marten A Hoeksema
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands
| | - Alex F de Vos
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands; Center for Infection and Immunity, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximillian's University, Pettenkoferstrasse 9, Munich 80336, Germany
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11
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Van den Bossche J, Baardman J, de Winther MPJ. Metabolic Characterization of Polarized M1 and M2 Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages Using Real-time Extracellular Flux Analysis. J Vis Exp 2015. [PMID: 26649578 DOI: 10.3791/53424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific metabolic pathways are increasingly being recognized as critical hallmarks of macrophage subsets. While LPS-induced classically activated M1 or M(LPS) macrophages are pro-inflammatory, IL-4 induces alternative macrophage activation and these so-called M2 or M(IL-4) support resolution of inflammation and wound healing. Recent evidence shows the crucial role of metabolic reprogramming in the regulation of M1 and M2 macrophage polarization. In this manuscript, an extracellular flux analyzer is applied to assess the metabolic characteristics of naive, M1 and M2 polarized mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. This instrument uses pH and oxygen sensors to measure the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR), which can be related to glycolytic and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. As such, both glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism can be measured in real-time in one single assay. Using this technique, we demonstrate here that inflammatory M1 macrophages display enhanced glycolytic metabolism and reduced mitochondrial activity. Conversely, anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages show high mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and are characterized by an enhanced spare respiratory capacity (SRC). The presented functional assay serves as a framework to investigate how particular cytokines, pharmacological compounds, gene knock outs or other interventions affect the macrophage's metabolic phenotype and inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Van den Bossche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam;
| | - Jeroen Baardman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam
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12
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Abstract
Epigenetic enzymes are emerging as crucial controllers of macrophages, innate immune cells that determine the outcome of many inflammatory diseases. Recent studies demonstrate that the activity of particular chromatin-modifying enzymes is regulated by the availability of specific metabolites like acetyl-coenzyme A, S-adenosylmethionine, α-ketoglutarate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and polyamines. In this way chromatin-modifying enzymes could sense the macrophage's metabolic status and translate this into gene expression and phenotypic changes. Importantly, distinct macrophage activation subsets display particular metabolic pathways. IFNγ/lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages (MIFNγ/LPS or M1) display high glycolysis, which directly drives their inflammatory phenotype. In contrast, oxidative mitochondrial metabolism and enhanced polyamine production are hallmarks and requirements for IL-4-induced macrophage activation (MIL-4 or M2). Here we report how epigenetics could serve as a bridge between altered macrophage metabolism, macrophage activation and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Baardman
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Licht
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Abstract
The average corneal thickness in a group of patients with KCS did not differ significantly from that in a control group. Within the patient group the corneal thickness decreased with decreasing lysozyme concentrations and also with decreasing Schirmer values, but the correlation was weak in both cases. The average central corneal thickness with severe and very severe KCS was greater than that of patients with mild KCS and the control groups. The average corneal thickness in patients with mild KCS was less than that of the control group, but not significantly so. Because of the comparatively small number of patients with severe KCS, an all over increase in corneal thickness in patients with KCS could not be demonstrated.
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