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Kamath D, Teferi B, Charow R, Mattson J, Jardine J, Jeyakumar T, Omar M, Zhang M, Scandiffio J, Salhia M, Dhalla A, Wiljer D. Accelerating AI Innovation in Healthcare Through Mentorship. Stud Health Technol Inform 2024; 312:87-91. [PMID: 38372317 DOI: 10.3233/shti231318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Canadian healthcare system falls behind that of other countries. Socio-technological considerations such as organizational readiness and a limited understanding of the technology are a few barriers impeding its adoption. To address this need, this study implemented a five-month AI mentorship program with the primary objective of developing participants' AI toolset. The analysis of our program's effectiveness resulted in recommendations for a successful mentorship and AI development and implementation program. 12 innovators and 11 experts from diverse backgrounds were formally matched and two symposiums were integrated into the program design. 8 interviewed participants revealed positive perceptions of the program underscoring its contribution to their professional development. Recommendations for future programs include: (1) obtaining organizational commitment for each participant; (2) incorporating structural supports throughout the program; and (3) adopting a team-based mentorship approach. The findings of this study offer a foundation rooted in evidence for the formulation of policies necessary to promote the integration of AI in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Kamath
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bemnet Teferi
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Michener Institute of Education at University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca Charow
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Tharshini Jeyakumar
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maram Omar
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - David Wiljer
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Michener Institute of Education at University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Aughey H, Jardine J, Knight H, Gurol-Urganci I, Walker K, Harris T, van de Meulen J, Hawdon J, Pasupathy D, The Nmpa Project Team. Iatrogenic and spontaneous preterm birth in England: a population-based cohort study. BJOG 2022; 130:33-41. [PMID: 36073305 PMCID: PMC10092353 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the rates of and risk factors associated with iatrogenic and spontaneous preterm birth and the variation in rates between hospitals. DESIGN Cohort study using electronic health records. SETTING English National Health Service. POPULATION Singleton births between 1st April 2015 and 31st March 2017. METHODS Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate adjusted risk ratios (adjRR) to measure association with maternal demographic and clinical risk factors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Preterm births (<37 weeks gestation) were defined as iatrogenic or spontaneous according to mode of onset of labour. RESULTS 6.1% of births were preterm and of these, 52.8% were iatrogenic. The proportion of preterm births that were iatrogenic increased after 32 weeks. Both sub-groups are associated with previous preterm birth, extremes of maternal age, socioeconomic deprivation and smoking. Iatrogenic preterm birth was associated with higher BMI (adjRR BMI >40 1.59 (1.50, 1.69)), and previous caesarean (adjRR 1.88 (1.83, 1.95)). Spontaneous preterm birth was less common in women with a higher BMI (adjRR BMI>40 0.77 (0.70, 0.84)) and in women with a previous caesarean (adjRR 0.87 (0.83, 0.90)). More variation between NHS hospital trusts was observed in rates of iatrogenic, compared to spontaneous, preterm births. CONCLUSIONS Just over half of all preterm births resulted from iatrogenic intervention. Iatrogenic births have overlapping but different patterns of maternal demographic and clinical risk factors to spontaneous preterm births. Iatrogenic and spontaneous sub-groups should therefore be measured and monitored separately, as well as in aggregate, to facilitate different prevention strategies. This is feasible using routinely acquired hospital data.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Aughey
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK.,University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - J Jardine
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK.,Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - H Knight
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK.,Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - I Gurol-Urganci
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - K Walker
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - T Harris
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK.,Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - J van de Meulen
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK.,Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - J Hawdon
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK.,Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D Pasupathy
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK.,Reproduction and Perinatal Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Jardine J, Gurol-Urganci I, Harris T, Hawdon J, Pasupathy D, van der Meulen J, Walker K. Associations between ethnicity and admission to intensive care among women giving birth: a cohort study. BJOG 2021; 129:733-742. [PMID: 34545995 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between ethnic group and likelihood of admission to intensive care in pregnancy and the postnatal period. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Maternity and intensive care units in England and Wales. POPULATION OR SAMPLE A total of 631 851 women who had a record of a registerable birth between 1 April 2015 and 31 March 2016 in a database used for national audit. METHODS Logistic regression analyses of linked maternity and intensive care records, with multiple imputation to account for missing data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Admission to intensive care in pregnancy or postnatal period to 6 weeks after birth. RESULTS In all, 2.24 per 1000 maternities were associated with intensive care admission. Black women were more than twice as likely as women from other ethnic groups to be admitted (odds ratio [OR] 2.21, 95% CI 1.82-2.68). This association was only partially explained by demographic, lifestyle, pregnancy and birth factors (adjusted OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.37-2.09). A higher proportion of intensive care admissions in Black women were for obstetric haemorrhage than in women from other ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS Black women have an increased risk of intensive care admission that cannot be explained by demographic, health, lifestyle, pregnancy and birth factors. Clinical and policy intervention should focus on the early identification and management of severe illness, particularly obstetric haemorrhage, in Black women, in order to reduce inequalities in intensive care admission. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Black women are almost twice as likely as White women to be admitted to intensive care during pregnancy and the postpartum period; this risk remains after accounting for demographic, health, lifestyle, pregnancy and birth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jardine
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Centre for Quality Improvement and Clinical Audit, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK
| | - I Gurol-Urganci
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Centre for Quality Improvement and Clinical Audit, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK
| | - T Harris
- Centre for Reproduction Research, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - J Hawdon
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D Pasupathy
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, St Thomas's Hospital, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J van der Meulen
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - K Walker
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Clinical Effectiveness Unit, Royal College of Surgeons, London, UK
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Aughey H, Jardine J, Moitt N, Fearon K, Hawdon J, Pasupathy D, Urganci I, Harris T. Waterbirth: a national retrospective cohort study of factors associated with its use among women in England. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:256. [PMID: 33771115 PMCID: PMC8004456 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Waterbirth is widely available in English maternity settings for women who are not at increased risk of complications during labour. Immersion in water during labour is associated with a number of maternal benefits. However for birth in water the situation is less clear, with conclusive evidence on safety lacking and little known about the characteristics of women who give birth in water. This retrospective cohort study uses electronic data routinely collected in the course of maternity care in England in 2015–16 to describe the proportion of births recorded as having occurred in water, the characteristics of women who experienced waterbirth and the odds of key maternal and neonatal complications associated with giving birth in water. Methods Data were obtained from three population level electronic datasets linked together for the purposes of a national audit of maternity care. The study cohort included women who had no risk factors requiring them to give birth in an obstetric unit according to national guidelines. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine maternal (postpartum haemorrhage of 1500mls or more, obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI)) and neonatal (Apgar score less than 7, neonatal unit admission) outcomes associated with waterbirth. Results 46,088 low and intermediate risk singleton term spontaneous vaginal births in 35 NHS Trusts in England were included in the analysis cohort. Of these 6264 (13.6%) were recorded as having occurred in water. Waterbirth was more likely in older women up to the age of 40 (adjusted odds ratio (adjOR) for age group 35–39 1.27, 95% confidence interval (1.15,1.41)) and less common in women under 25 (adjOR 18–24 0.76 (0.70, 0.82)), those of higher parity (parity ≥3 adjOR 0.56 (0.47,0.66)) or who were obese (BMI 30–34.9 adjOR 0.77 (0.70,0.85)). Waterbirth was also less likely in black (adjOR 0.42 (0.36, 0.51)) and Asian (adjOR 0.26 (0.23,0.30)) women and in those from areas of increased socioeconomic deprivation (most affluent versus least affluent areas adjOR 0.47 (0.43, 0.52)). There was no association between delivery in water and low Apgar score (adjOR 0.95 (0.66,1.36)) or incidence of OASI (adjOR 1.00 (0.86,1.16)). There was an association between waterbirth and reduced incidence of postpartum haemorrhage (adjOR 0.68 (0.51,0.90)) and neonatal unit admission (adjOR 0.65 (0.53,0.78)). Conclusions In this large observational cohort study, there was no association between waterbirth and specific adverse outcomes for either the mother or the baby. There was evidence that white women from higher socioeconomic backgrounds were more likely to be recorded as giving birth in water. Maternity services should focus on ensuring equitable access to waterbirth. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-021-03724-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Aughey
- National Maternity and Perinatal Audit (NMPA), RCOG Centre for Quality Improvement and Clinical Audit, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 10 -18 Union Street, London, SE1 1SZ, UK. .,University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.
| | - J Jardine
- National Maternity and Perinatal Audit (NMPA), RCOG Centre for Quality Improvement and Clinical Audit, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 10 -18 Union Street, London, SE1 1SZ, UK.,Department of Health Service Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - N Moitt
- Population Health Analytics, Cerner, London, UK
| | - K Fearon
- Centre for Reproduction Research, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - J Hawdon
- National Maternity and Perinatal Audit (NMPA), RCOG Centre for Quality Improvement and Clinical Audit, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 10 -18 Union Street, London, SE1 1SZ, UK.,Royal Free London NHS foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D Pasupathy
- National Maternity and Perinatal Audit (NMPA), RCOG Centre for Quality Improvement and Clinical Audit, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 10 -18 Union Street, London, SE1 1SZ, UK.,Specialty of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology, Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - I Urganci
- National Maternity and Perinatal Audit (NMPA), RCOG Centre for Quality Improvement and Clinical Audit, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 10 -18 Union Street, London, SE1 1SZ, UK.,Department of Health Service Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - T Harris
- National Maternity and Perinatal Audit (NMPA), RCOG Centre for Quality Improvement and Clinical Audit, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 10 -18 Union Street, London, SE1 1SZ, UK.,Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
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5
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Relph S, Jardine J, Magee LA, von Dadelszen P, Morris E, Ross-Davie M, Draycott T, Khalil A. Authors' reply re: Maternity services in the UK during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a national survey of modifications to standard care. BJOG 2021; 128:937-938. [PMID: 33550708 PMCID: PMC8013874 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Relph
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK
| | - J Jardine
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | - E Morris
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | | | - T Draycott
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK
| | - A Khalil
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
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6
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Jardine J, Relph S, Magee LA, von Dadelszen P, Morris E, Ross-Davie M, Draycott T, Khalil A. Maternity services in the UK during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a national survey of modifications to standard care. BJOG 2020; 128:880-889. [PMID: 32992408 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the modifications to maternity services across the UK, in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, in the context of the pandemic guidance issued by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG), Royal College of Midwives (RCM) and NHS England. DESIGN National survey. SETTING UK maternity services during the COVID-19 pandemic. POPULATION OR SAMPLE Healthcare professionals working within maternity services. METHODS A national electronic survey was developed to investigate local modifications to general and specialist maternity care during the COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of the contemporaneous national pandemic guidance. After a pilot phase, the survey was distributed through professional networks by the RCOG and co-authors. The survey results were presented descriptively in tabular and graphic formats, with proportions compared using chi-square tests. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Service modifications made during the pandemic. RESULTS A total of 81 respondent sites, 42% of the 194 obstetric units in the UK, were included. They reported substantial and heterogeneous maternity service modifications. Seventy percent of units reported a reduction in antenatal appointments and 56% reported a reduction in postnatal appointments; 89% reported using remote consultation methods. A change to screening pathways for gestational diabetes mellitus was reported by 70%, and 59% had temporarily removed the offer of births at home or in a midwife-led unit. A reduction in emergency antenatal presentations was experienced by 86% of units. CONCLUSIONS This national survey documents the extensive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternity services in the UK. More research is needed to understand the impact on maternity outcomes and experience. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT A national survey showed that UK maternity services were modified extensively and heterogeneously in response to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jardine
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK.,Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - S Relph
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK.,Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - L A Magee
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P von Dadelszen
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - E Morris
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK.,Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | | | - T Draycott
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK
| | - A Khalil
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
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Rankin J, Glinianaia SV, Jardine J, McConachie H, Embleton ND. PP34 Self-reported quality of life in children aged less than 12 years with perinatal conditions: a systematic review. Br J Soc Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204726.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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8
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Rankin J, Jardine J, Glinianaia SV, McConachie H, Embleton ND. OP64 Self-reported quality of life in 8–12 year old children born with gastroschisis: a pilot study using the KIDSCREEN questionnaire. Br J Soc Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204726.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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9
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Reppas G, Fyfe J, Foster S, Smits B, Martin P, Jardine J, Lam A, O'Brien C, Malik R. Detection and identification of mycobacteria in fixed stained smears and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues using PCR. J Small Anim Pract 2013; 54:638-46. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Reppas
- Vetnostics; North Ryde New South Wales 2113 Australia
| | - J. Fyfe
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory; North Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - S. Foster
- Vetnostics; North Ryde New South Wales 2113 Australia
| | - B. Smits
- Gribbles Veterinary; Hamilton New Zealand
| | - P. Martin
- Faculty of Veterinary Science; The University of Sydney; B14 New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - J. Jardine
- Vetpath; Ascot Western Australia 6104 Australia
| | - A. Lam
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital; Richardson Place North Ryde New South Wales Australia
| | - C. O'Brien
- Faculty of Veterinary Science; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - R. Malik
- Centre for Veterinary Education, Conference Centre B22; The University of Sydney; New South Wales Australia
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Nemazee D, Doyle-Cooper C, Ota T, Cooper AB, Huber M, Falkowska E, Doores K, Hangartner L, Le K, Sok D, Jardine J, Lifson J, Wu X, Mascola JR, Poignard P, Binley JM, Chakrabarti BK, Schief WR, Wyatt RT, Burton DR. Engineered mice and B cell lines expressing broadly neutralizing antibodies and their unmutated precursors: tools for HIV vaccinology. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441466 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-o41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Jardine J, Kalyuzhniy O, Ota T, McGuire A, Menis S, Julien J, Falkowska E, MacPherson S, Jones M, Burton DR, Wilson IA, Stamatatos L, Nemazee D, Schief WR. Rational immunogen design to target specific germline B cell receptors. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441540 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-o71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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12
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Whitton C, Williams C, Wright B, Jardine J, Hunt A. The role of evaluation in the development of a service for children with life-limiting conditions in the community. Child Care Health Dev 2008; 34:576-83. [PMID: 18796050 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2008.00860.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much of the care for children and young people with life-limiting conditions is now delivered in the home and new services have developed to support families in this setting. It is essential to monitor and evaluate whether these services are meeting the needs of families. AIMS To evaluate a new rural community palliative care service for children according to the perceptions of families and service providers, to make changes suggested by families and to re-evaluate 1 year later. METHOD In 2005, 2 years after the onset of the service, 24 families were sent postal questionnaires, including the Measure of Process of Care (MPOC-UK). Changes suggested by families were then implemented. In 2006, all of the families receiving care from the service (n=27) were given the option of completing the questionnaire independently or with the support of an impartial researcher. Two families also completed qualitative interviews about their experience of the service with an impartial researcher. In both years, the service providers, (n=12 and n=15, respectively) were asked to complete the Measure of Process of Care for Service Providers (MPOC-SP). The service providers were the clinicians providing direct care (paediatrician, community nurses, dietician, psychologist, occupational therapist, physiotherapist, and speech and language therapist). RESULTS Seven (29%) of families completed the survey in 2005. Families rated 'respectful and supportive care' as the highest domain in the MPOC-UK and 'providing general information' as the lowest. Particular emphasis was placed on improving provision of information during the following year. Fourteen (52%) families completed the survey in 2006. Scores increased across all domains in the second survey. The largest increase was 'providing general information'. CONCLUSION The results from both of the MPOC tools were extremely useful in helping providers to identify aspects of the service in need of improvement and hence implement valued changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Whitton
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Teesside, Middlesbrough, UK
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13
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Jefferies R, Ryan UM, Jardine J, Broughton DK, Robertson ID, Irwin PJ. Blood, Bull Terriers and Babesiosis: further evidence for direct transmission of Babesia gibsoni in dogs. Aust Vet J 2007; 85:459-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2007.00220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Jefferies R, Ryan UM, Jardine J, Robertson ID, Irwin PJ. Babesia gibsoni: detection during experimental infections and after combined atovaquone and azithromycin therapy. Exp Parasitol 2007; 117:115-23. [PMID: 17543304 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2007.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2006] [Revised: 03/20/2007] [Accepted: 03/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Babesia gibsoni is a protozoan parasite of dogs worldwide yet both an effective treatment and a reliable method for detecting subclinical cases of this emerging infection remain elusive. Experimental B. gibsoni infections were established in vivo to investigate the efficacy of combined atovaquone and azithromycin drug therapy and to determine the detection limits of a nested-PCR, IFAT and microscopy during various stages of infection. While atovaquone and azithromycin produced a reduction in parasitaemia, it did not eliminate the parasite and drug resistance appeared to develop in one dog. Polymerase chain reaction was found to be most useful in detecting infection in the pre-acute and acute stages, while IFAT was most reliable during chronic infections. Microscopy is suggested to be only effective for detecting acute stage infections. This study also describes the detection of B. gibsoni in tissue samples during chronic infections for the first time, suggesting possible sequestration of this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jefferies
- Australasian Centre for Companion Animal Research, Division of Health Sciences, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Australia
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15
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Swanepoel R, Leman PA, Burt FJ, Jardine J, Verwoerd DJ, Capua I, Brückner GK, Burger WP. Experimental infection of ostriches with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus. Epidemiol Infect 1998; 121:427-32. [PMID: 9825796 PMCID: PMC2809542 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268898001344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the occurrence of an outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) among workers at an ostrich abattoir in South Africa in 1996, 9 susceptible young ostriches were infected subcutaneously with the virus in order to study the nature of the infection which they undergo. The ostriches developed viraemia which was demonstrable on days 1-4 following infection, with a maximum intensity of 4.0 log10 mouse intracerebral LD50/ml being recorded on day 2 in 1 of the birds. Virus was detectable in visceral organs such as spleen, liver and kidney up to day 5 post-inoculation, 1 day after it could no longer be found in blood. No infective virus was detected in samples of muscle, but viral nucleic acid was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in muscle from a bird sacrificed on day 3 following infection. It was concluded that the occurrence of infection in ostriches at abattoirs could be prevented by keeping the birds free of ticks for 14 days before slaughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Swanepoel
- National Institute for Virology and Department of Virology, University of the Witwatersrand, Sandringham, South Africa
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Grobler DG, Raath JP, Braack LE, Keet DF, Gerdes GH, Barnard BJ, Kriek NP, Jardine J, Swanepoel R. An outbreak of encephalomyocarditis-virus infection in free-ranging African elephants in the Kruger National Park. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 1995; 62:97-108. [PMID: 8600443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A cluster of four deaths in late December 1993, marked the onset of an outbreak of disease of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in the Kruger National Park (KNP) in South Africa, which has an estimated population of 7,500 elephants. Mortalities peaked in January 1994, with 32 deaths, and then declined steadily to reach pre-outbreak levels by September, but sporadic losses continued until November. During the outbreak altogether 64 elephants died, of which 53 (83%) were adult bulls. Archival records revealed that, in addition to the usual losses from known causes such as poaching and intraspecific fighting, sporadic deaths from unexplained causes had, in fact, occurred in widely scattered locations from at least 1987 onwards, and from that time until the perceived outbreak of disease there had been 48 such deaths involving 33 (69%) adult bulls. Carcases had frequently become decomposed or had been scavenged by the time they were found, but seven of eight elephants examined early in 1994 had lesions of cardiac failure suggestive of encephalomyocarditis (EMC)-virus infection, and the virus was isolated from the heart muscles of three fresh carcases. The results of tests for neutralizing antibody on 362 elephant sera collected for unrelated purposes from 1984 onwards and kept frozen, indicated that the virus had been present in the KNP since at least 1987. Antibody prevalences of 62 of 116 (53%) 18 of 139 (13%) and seven of 33 (21%) were found in elephants in three different regions of the KNP in 1993 and 1994. Studies had been conducted on myomorph rodents in the KNP for unrelated purposes since 1984, and trapping attempts were increased during the perceived outbreak of disease in elephants. There was a striking temporal correlation between the occurrence of a population explosion (as evidenced by markedly increased catch rates per trap-night) and a surge in prevalence of antibody to EM virus in rodents, and the occurrence of the outbreak of disease in elephants.
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Abstract
The response to heat shock in Haemophilus ducreyi has been investigated by labelling newly synthesized proteins with a pulse of 35S-methionine at a range of temperatures between 30-40 degrees C. Proteins were then separated by SDS-PAGE and analysed by autoradiography of the resultant profiles. Four heat shock proteins (HSP) were identified of apparent molecular weight < 14, 58.5, 74 and 78 kDa. The three larger proteins appeared to be independently controlled and inducible in a range of H. ducreyi strains. The protein profiles were also probed by Western blot with serum from an immunized rabbit, serum from a rabbit infected intradermally with H. ducreyi, mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAb) and a pool of human sera from patients with chancroid. The rabbit sera, the human serum pool and MAb (BB11) reacted with epitopes on the HSP of 58.5 kDa, whereas only the immunized rabbit serum and another MAb (CC11) reacted with epitopes on the HSP of 78 kDa. The HSP of 58.5 kDa appears to be immunogenic and may play a part in the host response to H. ducreyi and the pathogenesis of chancroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Brown
- Department of Medical Microbiology, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, Paddington, London, U.K
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Fewson CA, Allison N, Hamilton ID, Jardine J, Scott AJ. Comparison of mandelate dehydrogenases from various strains of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus: similarity of natural and 'evolved' forms. J Gen Microbiol 1988; 134:967-74. [PMID: 3053984 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-134-4-967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In previous work it had been shown that Acinetobacter calcoaceticus wild-type strain NCIB 8250 had only an L-mandelate deydrogenase but it could give rise to mutants that contained an evolved D-mandelate dehydrogenase; conversely, wild-type strain EBF 65/65 had only a D-mandelate dehydrogenase but gave rise to mutants that possessed an evolved L-mandelate dehydrogenase. Several other wild-type strains of A. calcoaceticus have now been shown to grow on both enantiomers of mandelate. In every case the L-mandelate dehydrogenases were found to be much more heat-stable and insensitive to inhibition by p-chloromercuribenzoate than were the D-mandelate dehydrogenases when measured in bacterial extracts. All the D-mandelate dehydrogenases in the wild-type strains were inactivated to about the same extent by an antiserum that had been raised in a rabbit against an evolved D-mandelate dehydrogenase. An evolved D-mandelate deydrogenase (from a mutant strain derived from strain NCIB 8250) and an original D-mandelate dehydrogenase (from a mutant strain derived from strain EBF 65/65) were purified to homogeneity by the same procedure and were indistinguishable as judged by immunological cross-reactivity of the native and the sodium-dodecyl-sulphate-denatured enzymes, solubility in cholate, net charge at pH 7.5, pI value, salting-out properties, Mr value, apparent K(m) value for D-mandelate, heat-stability and sensitivity to p-chloromercuribenzoate. The most likely explanation for the appearance of evolved mandelate dehydrogenases in strains of A. calcoaceticus is that cryptic genes become expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Fewson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Glasgow, UK
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Letayf V, Jardine J, Hickey RC, Jesse R. [Intra-arterial venous transplantation]. Rev Invest Clin 1969; 21:21-4. [PMID: 5386521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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