1
|
Tiago M, Purwin TJ, Fane ME, Chhabra Y, Teh JLF, Kadamb R, Cai W, Chervoneva I, Rosenbaum S, Chua V, Hacohen N, Davies MA, Villanieva J, Weeraratna AT, Capparelli C, Aguirre-Ghiso JA, Aplin AE. Abstract A005: The aged tumor microenvironment influences tolerance to targeted therapy via NR2F1 overexpression in BRAF-mutant melanoma. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.agca22-a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Despite the clinical success of targeted inhibitors, tumor responses to these agents are transient, and drug-tolerant residual cells seed resistance. Understanding the role of tumor-intrinsic mechanisms and effects of the tumor microenvironment in mediating drug tolerance will guide and optimize targeted therapies. Given similarities between drug tolerance and cellular dormancy, we studied the role of nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1 (NR2F1) in response to targeted therapy. We used BRAF-mutant cutaneous melanoma models treated with BRAF and MEK inhibitors (BRAFi + MEKi) since patients treated with this combination typically develop resistance. The aged tumor microenvironment has been shown to increase therapy resistance, and we find that melanoma cells in aged mice express higher levels of NR2F1 than when the same cells are injected into young animals. Transcriptomic analysis of melanoma patient samples treated with BRAFi + MEKi showed increased expression of NR2F1 post-treatment. Similarly, NR2F1 was highly expressed in minimal residual disease collected on BRAFi + MEKi treatment in patient- and xenograft-derived tumors. High expression of NR2F1 promotes tumor survival and invasion in the presence of BRAFi + MEKi in vitro leading to tolerance to BRAFi + MEKi efficacy in vivo. Depletion of NR2F1 in YUMM1.7 allografts grown in aged mice improved response to the combination therapy. Altogether, our findings suggest that NR2F1 promotes drug tolerance leading to minimal residual disease in melanoma and that NR2F1-high cells may be targeted with CDK4/6 inhibitors to improve targeted therapy outcomes in melanoma patients.
Citation Format: Manoela Tiago, Timothy J. Purwin, Mitchell E. Fane, Yash Chhabra, Jessica L. F. Teh, Rama Kadamb, Weijia Cai, Inna Chervoneva, Sheera Rosenbaum, Vivian Chua, Nir Hacohen, Michael A. Davies, Jessie Villanieva, Ashani T. Weeraratna, Claudia Capparelli, Julio A. Aguirre-Ghiso, Andrew E. Aplin. The aged tumor microenvironment influences tolerance to targeted therapy via NR2F1 overexpression in BRAF-mutant melanoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Aging and Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-20; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;83(2 Suppl_1):Abstract nr A005.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mitchell E. Fane
- 2Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,
| | - Yash Chhabra
- 2Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,
| | | | - Rama Kadamb
- 3Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Bronx, NY,
| | - Weijia Cai
- 1Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA,
| | | | | | - Vivian Chua
- 1Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Teh JLF, Erkes DA, Cheng PF, Tiago M, Wilski NA, Field CO, Chervoneva I, Levesque MP, Xu X, Dummer R, Aplin AE. Activation of CD8 + T Cells Contributes to Antitumor Effects of CDK4/6 Inhibitors plus MEK Inhibitors. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:1114-1121. [PMID: 32661093 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Concurrent MEK and CDK4/6 inhibition shows promise in clinical trials for patients with advanced-stage mutant BRAF/NRAS solid tumors. The effects of CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) in combination with BRAF/MEK-targeting agents on the tumor immune microenvironment are unclear, especially in melanoma, for which immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective in approximately 50% of patients. Here, we show that patients progressing on CDK4/6i/MEK pathway inhibitor combinations exhibit T-cell exclusion. We found that MEK and CDK4/6 targeting was more effective at delaying regrowth of mutant BRAF melanoma in immunocompetent versus immune-deficient mice. Although MEK inhibitor (MEKi) treatment increased tumor immunogenicity and intratumoral recruitment of CD8+ T cells, the main effect of CDK4/6i alone and in combination with MEKi was increased expression of CD137L, a T-cell costimulatory molecule on immune cells. Depletion of CD8+ T cells or blockade of the CD137 ligand-receptor interaction reduced time to regrowth of melanomas in the context of treatment with CDK4/6i plus MEKi treatment in vivo Together, our data outline an antitumor immune-based mechanism and show the efficacy of targeting both the MEK pathway and CDK4/6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L F Teh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dan A Erkes
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Phil F Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manoela Tiago
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicole A Wilski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Conroy O Field
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Inna Chervoneva
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mitch P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Teh JLF, Purwin TJ, Han A, Chua V, Patel P, Baqai U, Liao C, Bechtel N, Sato T, Davies MA, Aguirre-Ghiso J, Aplin AE. Metabolic Adaptations to MEK and CDK4/6 Cotargeting in Uveal Melanoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1719-1726. [PMID: 32430489 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Frequent GNAQ and GNA11 mutations in uveal melanoma hyperactivate the MEK-ERK signaling pathway, leading to aberrant regulation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) and cell-cycle progression. MEK inhibitors (MEKi) alone show poor efficacy in uveal melanoma, raising the question of whether downstream targets can be vertically inhibited to provide long-term benefit. CDK4/6 selective inhibitors are FDA-approved in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer in combination with ER antagonists/aromatase inhibitors. We determined the effects of MEKi plus CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) in uveal melanoma. In vitro, palbociclib, a CDK4/6i, enhanced the effects of MEKi via downregulation of cell-cycle proteins. In contrast, in vivo CDK4/6 inhibition alone led to cytostasis and was as effective as MEKi plus CDK4/6i treatment at delaying tumor growth. RNA sequencing revealed upregulation of the oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) pathway in both MEKi-resistant tumors and CDK4/6i-tolerant tumors. Furthermore, oxygen consumption rate was increased following MEKi + CDK4/6i treatment. IACS-010759, an OxPhos inhibitor, decreased uveal melanoma cell survival in combination with MEKi + CDK4/6i. These data highlight adaptive upregulation of OxPhos in response to MEKi + CDK4/6i treatment in uveal melanoma and suggest that suppression of this metabolic state may improve the efficacy of MEKi plus CDK4/6i combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Han
- Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vivian Chua
- Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Prem Patel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Usman Baqai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Connie Liao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nelisa Bechtel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Takami Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Julio Aguirre-Ghiso
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nguyen MQ, Teh JLF, Purwin TJ, Chervoneva I, Davies MA, Nathanson KL, Cheng PF, Levesque MP, Dummer R, Aplin AE. Targeting PHGDH Upregulation Reduces Glutathione Levels and Resensitizes Resistant NRAS-Mutant Melanoma to MAPK Kinase Inhibition. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2242-2252.e7. [PMID: 32389536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Melanomas frequently harbor activating NRAS mutations leading to activation of MAPK kinase (MEK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling; however, the clinical efficacy of inhibitors to this pathway is limited by resistance. Tumors rewire metabolic pathways in response to stress signals such as targeted inhibitors and drug resistance, but most therapy-resistant preclinical models are generated in conditions that lack physiological metabolism. We generated human NRAS-mutant melanoma xenografts that were resistant to the MEK inhibitor (MEKi) PD0325901 in vivo. MEKi-resistant cells showed cross-resistance to the structurally distinct MEKi trametinib and elevated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation and downstream signaling. Additionally, we observed upregulation of the serine synthesis pathway and PHGDH, a key enzyme in this pathway. Suppressing PHGDH in MEKi-resistant cells together with MEKi treatment decreased oxidative stress tolerance and cell proliferation. Together, our data suggest targeting PHGDH as a potential strategy in overcoming MEKi resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Q Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jessica L F Teh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy J Purwin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Inna Chervoneva
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Phil F Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Teh JLF, Cheng PF, Purwin TJ, Nikbakht N, Patel P, Chervoneva I, Ertel A, Fortina PM, Kleiber I, HooKim K, Davies MA, Kwong LN, Levesque MP, Dummer R, Aplin AE. Correction: In Vivo E2F Reporting Reveals Efficacious Schedules of MEK1/2-CDK4/6 Targeting and mTOR-S6 Resistance Mechanisms. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:1654. [PMID: 30510016 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
Teh JLF, Aplin AE. Arrested Developments: CDK4/6 Inhibitor Resistance and Alterations in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:921-927. [PMID: 30287548 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells has led to the development of small-molecule inhibitors to target cell-cycle progression. Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are ATP-competitive inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6), which function early within the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Recently, CDK4/6 inhibitors have gained FDA approval in postmenopausal estrogen receptor (ER)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer and testing in other cancer types is underway. However, resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors frequently develops. In addition, targeting CDK4/6 may augment the action of immune checkpoint blockade agents. Here, we review recent studies that provide the preclinical rationale for treatment combinations and schedules that include CDK4/6 inhibitors. Furthermore, we discuss inhibitor effects on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as a preclinical rationale for targeting CDK4/6 in combination with anti-PD-1 or anti-CTLA-4 antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L F Teh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Treatments for melanoma are of two main types: targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, both are effective in only a subset of patients and are limited by acquired resistance. Here, the authors present the preclinical basis to broadly target different forms of therapy-resistant melanoma. Clin Cancer Res; 24(19); 4629-30. ©2018 AACR See related article by Zhang et al., p. 4771.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L F Teh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Romano G, Chen PL, Song P, McQuade JL, Liang RJ, Liu M, Roh W, Duose DY, Carapeto FCL, Li J, Teh JLF, Aplin AE, Chen M, Zhang J, Lazar AJ, Davies MA, Futreal PA, Amaria RN, Zhang DY, Wargo JA, Kwong LN. A Preexisting Rare PIK3CAE545K Subpopulation Confers Clinical Resistance to MEK plus CDK4/6 Inhibition in NRAS Melanoma and Is Dependent on S6K1 Signaling. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:556-567. [PMID: 29496665 PMCID: PMC5932238 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Combined MEK and CDK4/6 inhibition (MEKi + CDK4i) has shown promising clinical outcomes in patients with NRAS-mutant melanoma. Here, we interrogated longitudinal biopsies from a patient who initially responded to MEKi + CDK4i therapy but subsequently developed resistance. Whole-exome sequencing and functional validation identified an acquired PIK3CAE545K mutation as conferring drug resistance. We demonstrate that PIK3CAE545K preexisted in a rare subpopulation that was missed by both clinical and research testing, but was revealed upon multiregion sampling due to PIK3CAE545K being nonuniformly distributed. This resistant population rapidly expanded after the initiation of MEKi + CDK4i therapy and persisted in all successive samples even after immune checkpoint therapy and distant metastasis. Functional studies identified activated S6K1 as both a key marker and specific therapeutic vulnerability downstream of PIK3CAE545K-induced resistance. These results demonstrate that difficult-to-detect preexisting resistance mutations may exist more often than previously appreciated and also posit S6K1 as a common downstream therapeutic nexus for the MAPK, CDK4/6, and PI3K pathways.Significance: We report the first characterization of clinical acquired resistance to MEKi + CDK4i, identifying a rare preexisting PIK3CAE545K subpopulation that expands upon therapy and exhibits drug resistance. We suggest that single-region pretreatment biopsy is insufficient to detect rare, spatially segregated drug-resistant subclones. Inhibition of S6K1 is able to resensitize PIK3CAE545K-expressing NRAS-mutant melanoma cells to MEKi + CDK4i. Cancer Discov; 8(5); 556-67. ©2018 AACR.See related commentary by Sullivan, p. 532See related article by Teh et al., p. 568This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 517.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Romano
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pei-Ling Chen
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ping Song
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer L McQuade
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Roger J Liang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mingguang Liu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Whijae Roh
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dzifa Y Duose
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Fernando C L Carapeto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jessica L F Teh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cutaneous Biology and Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Merry Chen
- Department of Neurooncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - P Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rodabe N Amaria
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David Y Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Neurooncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lawrence N Kwong
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Teh JLF, Cheng PF, Purwin TJ, Nikbakht N, Patel P, Chervoneva I, Ertel A, Fortina PM, Kleiber I, HooKim K, Davies MA, Kwong LN, Levesque MP, Dummer R, Aplin AE. In Vivo E2F Reporting Reveals Efficacious Schedules of MEK1/2-CDK4/6 Targeting and mTOR-S6 Resistance Mechanisms. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:568-581. [PMID: 29496664 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Targeting cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6) represents a therapeutic option in combination with BRAF inhibitor and/or MEK inhibitor (MEKi) in melanoma; however, continuous dosing elicits toxicities in patients. Using quantitative and temporal in vivo reporting, we show that continuous MEKi with intermittent CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) led to more complete tumor responses versus other combination schedules. Nevertheless, some tumors acquired resistance that was associated with enhanced phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 protein. These data were supported by phospho-S6 staining of melanoma biopsies from patients treated with CDK4/6i plus targeted inhibitors. Enhanced phospho-S6 in resistant tumors provided a therapeutic window for the mTORC1/2 inhibitor AZD2014. Mechanistically, upregulation or mutation of NRAS was associated with resistance in in vivo models and patient samples, respectively, and mutant NRAS was sufficient to enhance resistance. This study utilizes an in vivo reporter model to optimize schedules and supports targeting mTORC1/2 to overcome MEKi plus CDK4/6i resistance.Significance: Mutant BRAF and NRAS melanomas acquire resistance to combined MEK and CDK4/6 inhibition via upregulation of mTOR pathway signaling. This resistance mechanism provides the preclinical basis to utilize mTORC1/2 inhibitors to improve MEKi plus CDK4/6i drug regimens. Cancer Discov; 8(5); 568-81. ©2018 AACR.See related commentary by Sullivan, p. 532See related article by Romano et al., p. 556This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 517.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L F Teh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Phil F Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timothy J Purwin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Neda Nikbakht
- Department of Cutaneous Biology and Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Prem Patel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Inna Chervoneva
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam Ertel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paolo M Fortina
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ines Kleiber
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kim HooKim
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lawrence N Kwong
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mitch P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Department of Cutaneous Biology and Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Teh JLF, Purwin TJ, Greenawalt EJ, Chervoneva I, Goldberg A, Davies MA, Aplin AE. An In Vivo Reporter to Quantitatively and Temporally Analyze the Effects of CDK4/6 Inhibitor-Based Therapies in Melanoma. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5455-66. [PMID: 27488531 PMCID: PMC5026598 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant cell-cycle progression is a hallmark feature of cancer cells. Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) drive progression through the G1 stage of the cell cycle, at least in part, by inactivating the tumor suppressor, retinoblastoma. CDK4/6 are targetable and the selective CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib, was recently FDA approved for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. In cutaneous melanoma, driver mutations in NRAS and BRAF promote CDK4/6 activation, suggesting that inhibitors such as palbociclib are likely to provide therapeutic benefit in combination with BRAF inhibitors and/or MEK inhibitors that are FDA-approved. However, the determinants of the response to CDK4/6 inhibitors alone and in combination with other targeted inhibitors are poorly defined. Furthermore, in vivo systems to quantitatively and temporally measure the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors and determine the extent that CDK activity is reactivated during acquired resistance are lacking. Here, we describe the heterogeneous effects of CDK4/6 inhibitors, the expression of antiapoptotic proteins that associate with response to CDK4/6 and MEK inhibitors, and the development of a luciferase-based reporter system to determine the effects of CDK4/6 inhibitors alone and in combination with MEK inhibitors in melanoma xenografts. These findings are likely to inform on-going and future clinical trials utilizing CDK4/6 inhibitors in cutaneous melanoma. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5455-66. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L F Teh
- Department of Cancer Biology and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy J Purwin
- Department of Cancer Biology and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Evan J Greenawalt
- Department of Cancer Biology and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Inna Chervoneva
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Allison Goldberg
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Cutaneous Biology and Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Teh JLF. Frizzled with age: an opportunity for 'gerontological medicine'. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 29:488-9. [PMID: 27223582 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Teh JLF, Shah R, La Cava S, Dolfi SC, Mehta MS, Kongara S, Price S, Ganesan S, Reuhl KR, Hirshfield KM, Karantza V, Chen S. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 disrupts mammary acinar architecture and initiates malignant transformation of mammary epithelial cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 151:57-73. [PMID: 25859923 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1/Grm1) is a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily, which was once thought to only participate in synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability, but has more recently been implicated in non-neuronal tissue functions. We previously described the oncogenic properties of Grm1 in cultured melanocytes in vitro and in spontaneous melanoma development with 100 % penetrance in vivo. Aberrant mGluR1 expression was detected in 60-80 % of human melanoma cell lines and biopsy samples. As most human cancers are of epithelial origin, we utilized immortalized mouse mammary epithelial cells (iMMECs) as a model system to study the transformative properties of Grm1. We introduced Grm1 into iMMECs and isolated several stable mGluR1-expressing clones. Phenotypic alterations in mammary acinar architecture were assessed using three-dimensional morphogenesis assays. We found that mGluR1-expressing iMMECs exhibited delayed lumen formation in association with decreased central acinar cell death, disrupted cell polarity, and a dramatic increase in the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Orthotopic implantation of mGluR1-expressing iMMEC clones into mammary fat pads of immunodeficient nude mice resulted in mammary tumor formation in vivo. Persistent mGluR1 expression was required for the maintenance of the tumorigenic phenotypes in vitro and in vivo, as demonstrated by an inducible Grm1-silencing RNA system. Furthermore, mGluR1 was found be expressed in human breast cancer cell lines and breast tumor biopsies. Elevated levels of extracellular glutamate were observed in mGluR1-expressing breast cancer cell lines and concurrent treatment of MCF7 xenografts with glutamate release inhibitor, riluzole, and an AKT inhibitor led to suppression of tumor progression. Our results are likely relevant to human breast cancer, highlighting a putative role of mGluR1 in the pathophysiology of breast cancer and the potential of mGluR1 as a novel therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L F Teh
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Teh JLF, Shah R, Shin SS, Wen Y, Mehnert JM, Goydos J, Chen S. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 mediates melanocyte transformation via transactivation of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 27:621-9. [PMID: 24628914 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Our laboratory previously described the oncogenic properties of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) in melanocytes. mGluR1 transformed immortalized mouse melanocytes in vitro and induced vigorous tumor formation in vivo. Subsequently, we observed the activation of PI3K/AKT in mGluR1-mediated melanocytic tumorigenesis in vivo. In particular, we identified AKT2 being the predominant isoform contributing to the activation of AKT. Suppression of Grm1 or AKT2 using an inducible Tet-R siRNA system resulted in a 60 or 30% reduction, respectively, in in vivo tumorigenesis. We show that simultaneous downregulation of Grm1 plus AKT2 results in a reduction of approximately 80% in tumor volumes, suggesting that both mGluR1 and AKT2 contribute to the tumorigenic phenotype in vivo. The discrepancy between the mild in vitro transformation characteristics and the aggressive in vivo tumorigenic phenotypes of these stable mGluR1-melanocytic clones led us to investigate the possible involvement of other growth factors. Here, we highlight a potential crosstalk network between mGluR1 and tyrosine kinase, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L F Teh
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
|