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Kim JH, Chung JY, Bong JB. Probable secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis manifesting as central nervous system lesions after COVID-19 vaccination: a case report. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1363072. [PMID: 38529033 PMCID: PMC10962393 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1363072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare systemic inflammatory disease commonly characterized by histiocyte infiltration in multiple organs, such as the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and central nervous system. The clinical features of HLH include fever, splenomegaly, cytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypofibrinogenemia, and elevated blood ferritin levels. HLH is categorized as either primary or secondary. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines may occasionally trigger secondary HLH, which is related to hyperinflammatory syndrome. Case presentation A 58-year-old woman, previously diagnosed with Graves' disease, presented with cognitive decline 2 weeks after receiving the first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. Brain MRI revealed a hyperintense lesion on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images in the bilateral subcortical white matter and right periventricular area. Vaccination-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis was suspected and methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) were administered. From the 5th day of IVIg administration, the patient developed fever and pancytopenia. In the findings of bone marrow biopsy, hemophagocytosis was not observed; however, six of the eight diagnostic criteria for HLH-2004 were met, raising the possibility of HLH. Although there was no definitive method to confirm causality, considering the temporal sequence, suspicion arose regarding vaccine-induced HLH. Splenectomy was considered for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes; however, the patient died on the 28th day of hospitalization owing to multiple organ failure. Conclusion To date, 23 cases of COVID-19 vaccine-related HLH have been reported. Additionally, HLH in COVID-19 patients has been reported in various case reports. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of central nervous system involvement in HLH related to any type of COVID-19 vaccine. This case suggests that even when there are no systemic symptoms after COVID-19 vaccination, HLH should be considered as a differential diagnosis if brain lesions are suggestive of CNS demyelinating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeong Bin Bong
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Chong A, Ha JM, Chung JY, Kim H, Choo ILH. Modified RCTU Score: A Semi-Quantitative, Visual Tool for Predicting Alzheimer's Conversion from aMCI. Brain Sci 2024; 14:132. [PMID: 38391707 PMCID: PMC10886563 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This research evaluated the modified RCTU score, derived from amyloid PET scans, for predicting the progression from amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) to Alzheimer's Disease (AD). aMCI patients underwent baseline evaluations, including amyloid PET. AD conversion was identified through neuropsychological tests after observation. The RCTU was modified by segmenting frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes into left and right, resulting in seven areas. Scores from both modified and conventional RCTU were analyzed and compared. Among 45 patients, 12 progressed to AD (over 17.8 ± 6.8 months). AD converters showed higher scores in modified RCTU scores. Modified RCTU score had strong correlations with amyloid SUVR (r > 0.7). Modified RCTU sum score was the significant covariate of AD conversion. Modified RCTU could determine the asymmetry of amyloid deposits. We demonstrated that symmetric deposits of amyloid showed a higher risk for AD conversion when analyzed using modified RCTU. The modified RCTU score is a promising method for predicting AD conversion, correlating strongly with amyloid SUVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Chong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Ha
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoowon Kim
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - I L Han Choo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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Kan JYK, Rungcharassaeng K, Yin S, Kang P, Celenza F, Spear F, Chung JY, Lozada JL. Orthodontic tooth extrusion to regenerate missing papilla adjacent to maxillary anterior single implants: A 2- to 7-year retrospective study. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:124-134. [PMID: 37830507 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regeneration of the missing papilla adjacent to single implants in the esthetic zone has always been challenging, despite advances in vertical hard and soft tissue regeneration. Orthodontic tooth extrusion has been shown to effectively gain alveolar bone and gingival tissue. This retrospective study evaluated the effectiveness of orthodontic tooth extrusion on regenerating missing papilla between existing maxillary anterior single implant and its adjacent tooth. METHODS Patients who underwent orthodontic tooth extrusion to regenerate missing papilla adjacent to a single implant in the esthetic zone were included in this study. The gingival phenotype, orthodontic extrusion movement, proximal bone level, dento-implant papilla level, facial gingival level, mucogingival junction level, and keratinized tissue width, of the extruded tooth were recorded at pre-orthodontic extrusion (T0 ), post-orthodontic extrusion and retention (T1 ), and latest follow-up (T2 ). RESULTS A total of 17 maxillary single tooth had orthodontic tooth extrusion to regenerate missing papilla adjacent to 14 maxillary anterior single implants in 14 patients. After a mean follow-up time of 48.4 months, implant success rate was 100% (14/14), with none of the orthodontically extruded teeth being extracted. After a mean extrusion and retention period of 14.3 months, a mean orthodontic extrusion movement of 4.62 ± 0.78 mm was noted with a mean proximal bone level gain of 3.54 ± 0.61 mm (77.0% efficacy), dento-implant papilla level gain of 3.98 ± 0.81 mm (86.8% efficacy), and facial gingival tissue gain of 4.27 mm ± 0.55 mm (93.4% efficacy). A mean keratinized tissue width gain of 4.17 ± 0.49 mm with minimal mean mucogingival junction level change of 0.10 ± 0.30 mm were observed. The efficacy of orthodontic eruption movement on dento-implant papilla gain was less in the thin (80.5%) phenotype group when compared with that in the thick (91.5%) phenotype group. CONCLUSIONS Within the confines of this study, orthodontic extrusion is an effective, noninvasive method in regenerating mid-term stable proximal bone and papilla adjacent to maxillary anterior single implants. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This retrospective study presents a mid-term result on orthodontic extrusion as a mean to regenerate dento-implant papilla defect. The extended retention period following orthodontic extrusion showed stable and efficacious proximal bone and papilla gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Y K Kan
- Advanced Education in Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | | | - Shi Yin
- Advanced Education in Periodontics and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Philip Kang
- Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Frank Celenza
- Private practice in Orthodontics and Periodontics, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Advanced Education in Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Jaime L Lozada
- Advanced Education in Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
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Chung JY, Lee CJ, Bong JB, Shin BS, Ryu HU, Kang HG. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with herpes simplex viral infection presenting with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35566. [PMID: 37904479 PMCID: PMC10615398 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a demyelinating disease that causes lesions in areas with abundant aquaporin-4 (AQP4) channels, including the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic lesions can disrupt antidiuretic hormone regulation, resulting in hyponatremia due to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Various factors can trigger NMOSD, including viral infections. We report the case of a young female patient who presented with hyponatremia due to SIADH and was found to have bilateral hypothalamic lesions along with positive serum herpes simplex virus immunoglobulin M. PATIENT CONCERNS An 18-year old female patient presented with fever and nausea that had persisted for 5 days. Three days after hospitalization, the patient complained of blurred vision, hiccups, and excessive daytime sleepiness. DIAGNOSIS The patient hyponatremia was attributed to SIADH. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral lesions in the hypothalamus, and serum laboratory tests were positive for herpes simplex virus immunoglobulin M. On the 15th day of admission, the anti-AQP4 antibody test result was positive, leading to the diagnosis of NMOSD. INTERVENTIONS On the initial suspicion of herpes encephalitis, treatment with acyclovir was initiated. However, upon the confirmation of after anti-AQP4 antibody, the patient was additionally treated with a high-dose intravenous steroid for 5 days. OUTCOMES The patient fever, nausea, visual disturbances, and other complaints improved within 1 week of initiating steroid treatment. LESSONS In young patients presenting with hyponatremia and suspected SIADH accompanied by neurological abnormalities, it is crucial to differentiate central nervous system diseases, including NMOSD, which can involve lesions in AQP4-abundant areas, such as the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Chang Ju Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jeong Bin Bong
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Soo Shin
- Department of Neurology and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Han Uk Ryu
- Department of Neurology and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Kang
- Department of Neurology and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
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Chung JY, Lee W, Nambiar D, Fayn S, Choyke PL, Escorcia FE. The Effects of Glypican-3 Deficiency on Radiosensitivity in Liver Cancer Cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e223-e224. [PMID: 37784908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Glypican-3 (GPC-3), a heparan sulfate proteoglycan involved in cellular proliferation, modulates signaling of FGF/FGFR, IGF/IGFR, HGF/Met, Wnt/Frizzled, among others and correlates with survival. GPC-3 is overexpressed in the majority of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma, but not in normal hepatocytes. Accordingly, it is being investigated as a liver cancer-selective target for radiopharmaceutical imaging and therapy. However, the potential linkage between GPC-3 expression and radiosensitivity has not yet been defined. In this study, we investigated the effects of GPC-3 deficiency on radiosensitivity in liver cancer cell lines. MATERIALS/METHODS CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to engineer GPC-3 knockout variants of liver cancer cell lines, HepG2 & Hep3B, both of which natively express GPC-3. Confirmation of knockout of GPC-3 was evaluated by RT-PCR, western blotting, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, and gDNA sequencing. Cell growth and migration were evaluated by BrdU insertion and wound-healing assays, respectively. In vitro radiosensitivity was examined by radiation-induced apoptosis/necrosis (Annexin V-APC and PI staining), cell cycle modification, γH2AX foci formation, and clonogenic assays (6 Gy). Wildtype and knockout lines were engrafted into athymic mice to assess tumor growth kinetics. RESULTS RT-PCR, western blotting, flow cytometry, and immunocytochemistry all confirmed GPC-3 knockout in both HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines. Nucleotide deletion at exon 3 of the GPC-3 gene was confirmed by gDNA sequencing in HepG2ΔGPC3 and Hep3BΔGPC3. GPC-3 deficiency reduced liver cancer cell proliferation (HepG2ΔGPC3, p = 0.027, and Hep3BΔGPC3, p = 0.031) and migration (HepG2ΔGPC3: 1.5-fold, p<0.001, and Hep3BΔGPC3: 2.3-fold, p<0.001) significantly when compared with wild type. GPC-3 deficiency reduced cell survival and clonogenicity (HepG2ΔGPC3: DEF = 1.23, Hep3BΔGPC3: DEF = 1.23) in liver cancer cells exposed to irradiation (6 Gy). The delayed repair of double-stranded DNA damage was observed in irradiated GPC-3 deficient liver cancer cells. Tumor growth was dramatically delayed by GPC-3 deficiency. Tumor weight measured at 50 (Hep3B) and 60 (HepG2) days after liver cancer cell inoculation corroborated these effects. CONCLUSION Knockout lines of HepG2 and Hep3B exhibited decreased cell proliferation, migration, and in vivo tumor growth compared to wildtype. GPC-3 deficiency was associated with increased sensitivity to radiation therapy. Studies identifying the pathways through which this radiosensitivity is mediated are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Chung
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - W Lee
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - D Nambiar
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - S Fayn
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - P L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - F E Escorcia
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Londono V, Chung JY, Fayn S, Escorcia FE. Identification of Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Specific Targets for Imaging and Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e247-e248. [PMID: 37784965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there are no tumor-selective agents that are clinically approved in the US for this disease. Here, we aimed to identify and validate molecules that are overexpressed on HCC plasma membrane compared to normal tissues, which could be facilitate the design, engineering, and testing of tumor-selective imaging and therapeutic agents. MATERIALS/METHODS We analyzed next-generation sequencing (NGS) public datasets (TCGA and TIGER-LC) and NCI single cell RNA-sequencing datasets to identify overexpressed plasma membrane molecules and aimed to validate these targets using immunohistochemical staining (IHC) of patient tissue microarrays (TMAs), and flow cytometry using liver cancer cell lines (Huh7, HepG2, and Hep3B). RESULTS NGS data identified GPC3, EGFR, MET, MUC13, and ROBO1 molecules overexpressed in HCC relative to non-tumor tissues. In HepG2 cell line, EGFR (p<0.05) and MET (p<0.01) demonstrated statistically significant increased median fluorescence intensity (MFI) relative to controls in flow cytometry. In the Hep3B cell line, MET, GPC3, and EGFR demonstrated an increased MFI relative to the control (p<0.01). No statistically significant difference was observed in Huh7 cell lines. IHC staining of TMAs for GPC3, MET, MUC14, and ROBO1 showed statistically significantly higher staining relative to the normal tumor tissue (p<0.001). CONCLUSION We identified and validated plasma membrane molecules overexpressed in HCC compared to non-tumor tissue. Because GPC3, a well-known HCC-specific marker that is expressed in 75% of HCC, was identified using our approach, we are confident that that additional molecules may also represent promising HCC-selective targets. This work could facilitate the design, engineering, and testing of novel precision oncology imaging and therapeutic agents for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Londono
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - J Y Chung
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - S Fayn
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - F E Escorcia
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Kan JYK, Rungcharassaeng K, Yin S, Fang Q, Urban IA, Monje A, Tavelli L, Barootchi S, Chung JY, Lozada JL. Facial Mucosal Level Change Following Maxillary Anterior Single Immediate Tooth Replacement in Extraction Sockets With Facial Bone Wall Defects: A 4- to 15-Year Retrospective Study. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2023; 44:392-401. [PMID: 37450677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
An intact extraction socket has been considered a prerequisite for an immediate implant placement and provisionalization (IIPP) procedure. Recent studies, however, have shown successful outcomes when IIPP was performed in sockets with a facial bone wall defect. This retrospective study evaluated the facial implant mucosal stability following IIPP in extraction sockets with a facial bone wall defect in the esthetic zone. The study included 16 cases in 16 patients who received maxillary anterior single IIPP with contour bone graft (C-BG) and contour connective tissue graft (C-CTG) in compromised extraction sockets (V- or U-shaped defect). After a mean follow-up of 6 years, the implant success rate was 100% (16/16). Minimal and non-statistically significant changes were noted in the facial implant mucosal and marginal bone level. Statistically significant changes were observed in facial implant mucosal thickness gain (2.5 mm [1.8 mm to 3.5 mm]) and midfacial bone sounding reduction (6 mm). Within the confines of this study, IIPP with simultaneous C-BG and C-CTG in fresh extraction sockets exhibiting a V- or U-shaped facial bone wall defect can lead to long-term successful outcomes in terms of mucosal stability, contour bone gain, and marginal bone level stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Y K Kan
- Professor, Department of Implantology, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, California
| | | | - Shi Yin
- Assistant Professor, Advanced Education in Periodontics and Implant Dentistry, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, California
| | - Qiao Fang
- Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Istvan A Urban
- Director, Urban Regeneration Institute, Budapest, Hungary; Adjunct Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Visiting Faculty, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alberto Monje
- Head, Division of Periodontology, CICOM, Badajoz, Spain;Adjunct Clinical Professor, Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain; Adjunct Clinical Professor, Department of Periodontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Visiting Professor, Department of Periodontics, ZMK Universitat Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Tavelli
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Division of Periodontology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shayan Barootchi
- Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Resident, Advanced Education in Implant Dentistry, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, California
| | - Jaime L Lozada
- Program Director, Advanced Education in Implant Dentistry, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, California
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Jeong B, Song YP, Chung JY, Park KC, Kim JH, So I, Hong C. Low concentrations of tricyclic antidepressants stimulate TRPC4 channel activity by acting as an opioid receptor ligand. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37154492 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00535.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally prescribed for mood disorders, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) have shown promising therapeutic effects on chronic neuralgia and irritable bowel syndrome. However, the mechanism by which these atypical effects manifest is unclear. Among the proposed mechanisms is the well-known pain-related inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor (GiPCR), namely, the opioid receptor (OR). Here, we confirmed that TCA indeed stimulates OR and regulates the gating of TRPC4, a downstream signaling of the Gi-pathway. In an ELISA to quantify the amount of intracellular cAMP, a downstream product of OR/Gi-pathway, treatment with amitriptyline (AMI) showed a decrease in [cAMP]i similar to that of the μOR agonist. Next, we explored the binding site of TCA by modeling the previously revealed ligand-bound structure of μOR. A conserved aspartate residue of ORs was predicted to participate in salt bridge interaction with the amine group of TCAs, and in aspartate-to-arginine mutation, AMI did not decrease the FRET-based binding efficiency between the ORs and Gαi2. As an alternative way to monitor the downstream signaling of Gi-pathway, we evaluated the functional activity of TRPC4 channel, as it is well known to be activated by Gαi. TCAs increased the TRPC4 current through ORs, and TCA-evoked TRPC4 activation was abolished by an inhibitor of Gαi2 or its dominant-negative mutant. As expected, TCA-evoked activation of TRPC4 was not observed in the aspartate mutants of OR. Taken together, OR could be proclaimed as a promising target among numerous binding partners of TCA, and TCA-evoked TRPC4 activation may help to explain the nonopioid analgesic effect of TCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongseok Jeong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Kwangju, South Korea
| | - Young Pyo Song
- Department of Physiology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Kwangju, South Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Kwangju, South Korea
| | - Ki Chul Park
- OZIWORX. R&D Laboratory, 130-2, Donghwagongdan-ro, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Jin Hyeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Dermatological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chansik Hong
- Department of Physiology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Kwangju, South Korea
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Bong JB, Chung JY, Kim SY, Ryu HU, Shin BS, Kang HG. Characteristics and clinical course of patients referred to the NST. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1071541. [PMID: 36776614 PMCID: PMC9910213 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1071541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The nutrition support team (NST) comprises doctors, nutritionists, pharmacists, and nurses who provide intensive nutritional treatment designed for each patient by evaluating their nutritional status of hospitalized patients. This study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of patients referred to the NST among those admitted to a tertiary hospital and to understand the factors affecting their clinical course and changes in pressure sore grades. Methods This study included 1,171 adult patients aged 18 years or older referred to the NST at a tertiary hospital in a metropolitan city between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2020. Patients were divided into five age groups, neuro department and non-neuro department, those treated in the intensive care unit (ICU), and those not treated in the ICU. Patients were also compared based on the presence of pressure sores at the time of NST referral and changes in pressure sore grades at the first time of NST referral and discharge (improved pressure sores, no change in pressure sores, and aggravated pressure sores). In addition, this study examined the factors affecting changes in pressure sore grades. Results As age increased, the proportion of both low albumin levels and pressure sores significantly increased (p < 0.001), and the neuro department showed a significantly lower proportion of low albumin levels and pressure sores (p < 0.001). The proportion of patients with pressure sores was higher (64.9%), and this patient group showed significantly higher rates of low albumin levels (p < 0.001) and treatment in the ICU (p < 0.001). The group with aggravated pressure sore grades had a significantly higher proportion of patients in the surgery department (p = 0.009) and those treated in the ICU (p < 0.001). Admission to the surgery department was a factor that aggravated the grade of pressure sores [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.985, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.168-3.371]. When patients were not treated in the ICU, the grade of the pressure sores was less likely to worsen (aOR = 0.364, 95% CI = 0.217-0.609). Conclusion Pressure sores and low albumin levels are closely related, and the risk of developing and aggravating pressure sores is particularly high in patients in the surgery department and those receiving ICU treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to actively implement NST referral to ensure that overall nutrition, including albumin, is well supplied, especially for patients in the surgery department and treated in the ICU, as they are at high risk of pressure sore development and aggravation. Moreover, since low albumin levels frequently occur in elderly patients, it is necessary to consider including the elderly in the indications for referral to the NST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Bin Bong
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeong Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Uk Ryu
- Department of Neurology and Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Soo Shin
- Department of Neurology and Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Kang
- Department of Neurology and Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Hyun Goo Kang,
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Chung JY, Lee BN, Kim YS, Shin BS, Kang HG. Sex differences and risk factors in recurrent ischemic stroke. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1028431. [PMID: 36779056 PMCID: PMC9909397 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1028431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recurrent ischemic stroke (RIS) is associated with increased mortality and poor outcomes. Therefore, secondary prevention is critical for reducing the risk of recurrent stroke. Previous studies have found sex differences in risk factors in patients with first-ever stroke; however, the results have been inconsistent for recurrent stroke. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether there are significant sex differences in the clinical characteristics and risk factors for recurrent ischemic stroke. Methods We retrospectively studied 787 patients with recurrent ischemic stroke after first-ever stroke confirmation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after visiting a regional tertiary hospital between 2014 and 2020. Demographic characteristics, laboratory findings, and risk factors were compared between the male and female patients. In addition, multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the independent factors associated with stroke recurrence in male patients. Results Among the 787 patients, 466 (59.2%) were males. Males were younger than females (67.6 vs. 71.9 years). Females had higher rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and overweight than those of males. However, the alcohol drinking and smoking rate were significantly higher in males than that in females. There were no statistically significant sex-based differences in the laboratory findings. Among males, hypertension, alcohol drinking, smoking and dyslipidemia was a significant risk factor for ischemic stroke recurrence. Conclusion Hypertension and dyslipidemia were significant risk factors of recurrent ischemic stroke in both genders. Smoking and alcohol drinking were significant risk factors associated with ischemic stroke recurrence in males. Therefore, smoking cessation and alcohol abstinence are recommended after the first stroke to prevent recurrent ischemic stroke especially for males. Diabetes was a significant risk factor of ischemic stroke recurrence in females. More extensive studies are needed to understand the causal relationship of each factors with ischemic stroke recurrence according to sex differences and specification of preventive management is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bit Na Lee
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University–Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Soo Shin
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University–Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Kang
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University–Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Hyun Goo Kang ✉
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11
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Lee J, Kim J, Park A, Hong RK, Ko M, Heo M, Kim H, Chung JY. Efficacy of a Mobile-Based Multidomain Intervention to Improve Cognitive Function and Health-Related Outcomes Among Older Korean Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:1551-1562. [PMID: 37212108 PMCID: PMC10357136 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a self-reported experience of declining cognitive function showing normal performance in cognitive assessments, which is a known risk factor for dementia. Recent studies highlight the importance of nonpharmacological multidomain interventions that can target multiple risk factors of dementia in older adults. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the efficacy of the Silvia program, a mobile-based multidomain intervention, to improve cognitive function and health-related outcomes of older adults with SCD. We compare its effects to a conventional paper-based multidomain program on various health indicators related to risk factors of dementia. METHODS This prospective randomized controlled trial involved 77 older adults with SCD recruited from the Dementia Prevention and Management Center in Gwangju, South Korea during May to October 2022. Participants were randomly assigned to either the mobile- or paper-based group. Interventions were administered for 12 weeks, where pre- and post-assessments were conducted. RESULTS The K-RBANS total score did not show significant differences between groups. The mobile group showed better improvement in K-PRMQ scores and PSS scores than the paper group. Differences within groups showed that mobile-based interventions significantly improved K-PRMQ, STAI-X-1, PSS, and EQ-5D-5 L scores, while paper-based interventions significantly improved PSS, and EQ-5D-5 L scores. Patient adherence rate was 76.6%. CONCLUSION Overall, the Silvia program was effective for improving self-reported memory failures, stress, anxiety, and health-related quality of life in older adults with SCD. However, longer periods of administration for more than 12 weeks may be needed to achieve significant improvements in cognitive function by objective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mina Heo
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hoowon Kim
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
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12
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Kannappan B, te Nijenhuis J, Choi YY, Lee JJ, Choi KY, Balzekas I, Jung HY, Choe Y, Song MK, Chung JY, Ha JM, Choi SM, Kim H, Kim BC, Jo HJ, Lee KH. Can hippocampal subfield measures supply information that could be used to improve the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275233. [PMID: 36327265 PMCID: PMC9632892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) needs to be improved. We investigated if hippocampal subfield volume measured by structural imaging, could supply information, so that the diagnosis of AD could be improved. In this study, subjects were classified based on clinical, neuropsychological, and amyloid positivity or negativity using PET scans. Data from 478 elderly Korean subjects grouped as cognitively unimpaired β-amyloid-negative (NC), cognitively unimpaired β-amyloid-positive (aAD), mild cognitively impaired β-amyloid-positive (pAD), mild cognitively impaired-specific variations not due to dementia β-amyloid-negative (CIND), severe cognitive impairment β-amyloid-positive (ADD+) and severe cognitive impairment β-amyloid-negative (ADD-) were used. NC and aAD groups did not show significant volume differences in any subfields. The CIND did not show significant volume differences when compared with either the NC or the aAD (except L-HATA). However, pAD showed significant volume differences in Sub, PrS, ML, Tail, GCMLDG, CA1, CA4, HATA, and CA3 when compared with the NC and aAD. The pAD group also showed significant differences in the hippocampal tail, CA1, CA4, molecular layer, granule cells/molecular layer/dentate gyrus, and CA3 when compared with the CIND group. The ADD- group had significantly larger volumes than the ADD+ group in the bilateral tail, SUB, PrS, and left ML. The results suggest that early amyloid depositions in cognitive normal stages are not accompanied by significant bilateral subfield volume atrophy. There might be intense and accelerated subfield volume atrophy in the later stages associated with the cognitive impairment in the pAD stage, which subsequently could drive the progression to AD dementia. Early subfield volume atrophy associated with the β-amyloid burden may be characterized by more symmetrical atrophy in CA regions than in other subfields. We conclude that the hippocampal subfield volumetric differences from structural imaging show promise for improving the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Kannappan
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jan te Nijenhuis
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yu Yong Choi
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jang Jae Lee
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kyu Yeong Choi
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Irena Balzekas
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ho Yub Jung
- Department of Computer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | | | - Min Kyung Song
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jung-Min Ha
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seong-Min Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hoowon Kim
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Byeong C. Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hang Joon Jo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kun Ho Lee
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
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13
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Choo IH, Chong A, Chung JY, Ha JM, Choi YY, Kim H. A Single Baseline Amyloid Positron Emission Tomography Could Be Sufficient for Predicting Alzheimer's Disease Conversion in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:394-400. [PMID: 35620825 PMCID: PMC9136525 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Baseline amyloid burden in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been linked to conversion to Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the comparison of baseline and longitudinal changes in amyloid burden for predicting AD remains unresolved. The objectives of this study aimed to compare the prognostic ability of baseline and longitudinal changes in amyloid burden in MCI patients. METHODS Seventy-five individuals with MCI were recruited and examined annually by clinical interviews for a mean follow-up of 24 months (range, 11.6-42.0). [18F]Florbetaben positron emission tomography (PET) scans were performed. T1-weighted 3D volumes were acquired for co-registration, and to define regions of interest. We examined whether baseline and longitudinal amyloid burden changes can improve AD conversion by Cox proportional hazard model analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that baseline amyloid burden was significantly associated with increased risk of conversion to AD (hazard ratio [HR]=10.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-85.39; p=0.04), but longitudinal amyloid burden changes was not (HR=0.2; 95% CI, 0.02-1.18; p=0.07). When predicting AD, longitudinal amyloid burden changes had better ROC accuracy of 65.2% (95% CI, 48.4-82.0) than baseline amyloid burden of 59.6% (95% CI, 40.3-79.0), without statistical significance in pairwise comparison. CONCLUSION A single baseline amyloid PET could be sufficient in the prediction of AD conversion in MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Han Choo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Technology Center, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ari Chong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Technology Center, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Technology Center, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Ha
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Technology Center, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Yong Choi
- Biomedical Technology Center, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Gwangju Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoowon Kim
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Technology Center, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Gwangju Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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14
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Park SY, Rhi SH, Chung JY, Lee CH, Shin BS, Kang HG. Rapid Regression of Carotid Artery Stenosis Shortly after Intensive Medical Therapy. Tomography 2022; 8:543-549. [PMID: 35202209 PMCID: PMC8878850 DOI: 10.3390/tomography8010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is mainly caused by atherosclerosis. Intensive medical therapy is effective in preventing stroke in CAS. To date, there has been no published report of rapid regression of CAS. A woman with untreated hyperlipidemia visited our emergency room with left hemiparesis. She exhibited facial palsy, left hemiparesis, and dysarthria immediately after the visit. Brain magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion-weighted imaging confirmed acute infarction in the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory due to severe stenosis of the right internal carotid artery (ICA), which was revealed by MR angiography and carotid duplex ultrasonography. The patient started intensive statin therapy and dual antiplatelet agent therapy. Carotid artery stenting was not performed until hospitalization day 16 due to pleural effusion. On day 16, digital subtraction angiography was performed, and spontaneous regression of severe stenosis was observed. Only mild stenosis with ulcerative plaque was evident. The rapid CAS regression in this case may be caused by M2 macrophage polarization as a result of intensive statin therapy. This rapid regression may also result from reduced foam cell formation by statin and aspirin and thereby increased endogenous thrombolysis. Our patient demonstrated the efficacy of short-term intensive statin and aspirin therapy on atherosclerosis with untreated hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suh Yeon Park
- Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (S.Y.P.); (S.H.R.)
| | - Sang Hun Rhi
- Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (S.Y.P.); (S.H.R.)
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University Medical School, Gwangju 61453, Korea;
| | - Chan-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (C.-H.L.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Byoung-Soo Shin
- Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (C.-H.L.); (B.-S.S.)
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Kang
- Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (C.-H.L.); (B.-S.S.)
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-250-1590; Fax: +82-63-251-9364
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15
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Chung JY, Kim OY, Song J. Role of ketone bodies in diabetes-induced dementia: sirtuins, insulin resistance, synaptic plasticity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neurotransmitter. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:774-785. [PMID: 34957519 PMCID: PMC8907488 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes can have several neuropathologies, such as memory deficits. Recent studies have focused on the association between metabolic imbalance and neuropathological problems, and the associated molecular pathology. Diabetes triggers neuroinflammation, impaired synaptic plasticity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and insulin resistance in the brain. Glucose is a main energy substrate for neurons, but under certain conditions, such as fasting and starvation, ketone bodies can be used as an energy fuel for these cells. Recent evidence has shed new light on the role of ketone bodies in regulating several anti-inflammation cellular pathways and improving glucose metabolism, insulin action, and synaptic plasticity, thereby being neuroprotective. However, very high amount of ketone bodies can be toxic for the brain, such as in ketoacidosis, a dangerous complication that may occur in type 1 diabetes mellitus or alcoholism. Recent findings regarding the relationship between ketone bodies and neuropathogenesis in dementia are reviewed in this article. They suggest that the adequately low amount of ketone bodies can be a potential energy source for the treatment of diabetes-induced dementia neuropathology, considering the multifaceted effects of the ketone bodies in the central nervous system. This review can provide useful information for establishing the therapeutic guidelines of a ketogenic diet for diabetes-induced dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Yoen Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and the Department of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
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16
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Chong A, Ha J, Chung JY, Kim H, Choo IH. Quantitative analysis of amyloid PET or FDG‐PET showed differences in aMCI to AD convert group. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.052548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ari Chong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital Gwangju Korea
| | - Jung‐Min Ha
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital Gwangju Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital Gwangju Korea
| | - Hoowon Kim
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital Gwangju Korea
| | - Il Han Choo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital Gwangju Korea
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17
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Choo IH, Chong A, Chung JY, Ha J, Choi YY, Kim H. Only baseline amyloid burdens and their incremental change could not predict AD progression in mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.051239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Il Han Choo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital Gwangju Korea
| | - Ari Chong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital Gwangju Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital Gwangju Korea
| | - Jung‐Min Ha
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital Gwangju Korea
| | | | - Hoowon Kim
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital Gwangju Korea
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18
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Choi YY, Hong D, Park J, Heo M, Lim D, Seo EH, Chung JY, Chong A, Ha J, Choo IH, Kim HW, Lee KH, Hospital CU. The normative data of cortical volumes in normal aging from Neuro I, a brain image quantitative analysis system. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.053325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yong Choi
- Biomedical Technology Center, Chosun University Hospital Gwangju Korea
| | | | | | | | - Da‐Hye Lim
- Chosun University Hospital Gwangju Korea
| | - Eun Hyun Seo
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementia (GARD) Cohort Research Center, Chosun University Gwangju Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital Gwangju Korea
| | - Ari Chong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital Gwangju Korea
| | - Jung‐Min Ha
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital Gwangju Korea
| | - Il Han Choo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital Gwangju Korea
| | - Hoo Won Kim
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital Gwangju Korea
| | - Kun Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University Gwangju Korea
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19
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Kang S, Gim J, Lee J, Gunasekaran TI, Choi KY, Lee JJ, Seo EH, Ko PW, Chung JY, Choi SM, Lee YM, Jeong JH, Park KW, Song MK, Lee HW, Kim KW, Choi SH, Lee DY, Kim SY, Kim H, Kim BC, Ikeuchi T, Lee KH. Potential Novel Genes for Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease in East-Asian Descent Identified by APOE-Stratified Genome-Wide Association Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1451-1460. [PMID: 34151794 PMCID: PMC8461686 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports two novel genome-wide significant loci for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) identified from APOE ε4 non-carrier subjects of East Asian origin. A genome-wide association study of Alzheimer’s disease was performed in 2,291 Korean seniors in the discovery phase, from the Gwangju Alzheimer’ and Related Dementias (GARD) cohort study. The study was replicated in a Japanese cohort of 1,956 subjects that suggested two novel susceptible SNPs in two genes: LRIG1 and CACNA1A. This study demonstrates that the discovery of AD-associated variants is feasible in non-European ethnic groups using samples comprising fewer subjects from the more homogeneous genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarang Kang
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Integrative Biological Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsoo Gim
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Integrative Biological Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Neurozen Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tamil Iniyan Gunasekaran
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Yeong Choi
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Jae Lee
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hyun Seo
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Premedical Science, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Pan-Woo Ko
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Min Choi
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyang Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha WomansUniversity School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Park
- Department of Neurology, Donga University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Song
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Chonnam National University Gwangju 2nd Geriatric Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Won Lee
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Woong Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hye Choi
- Department of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoowon Kim
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong C Kim
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kun Ho Lee
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Integrative Biological Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Neurozen Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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20
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Abstract
Amyloid and tau protein abnormalities have been identified as the main causes of Alzheimer's disease but exact mechanisms remain to be revealed. Especially, amyloid beta and tau protein coupling and neuroinflammatory and neurovascular contributions to Alzheimer disease are quite mysterious. Many animal models and basic biological research are trying to solve these puzzles. Known as aging processes, autophagy, mitochondrial degeneration with generation of reactive oxygen species, and age-related epigenetic modifications are also known to be associated with development of Alzheimer's disease. Environmental factors such as bacterial and viral infections, heavy metal ions, diet, sleep, stress, and gut microbiota are also risk factors of Alzheimer's disease. Future development of preventive and therapeutic modalities may be dependent on the pathobiology of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoowon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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21
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Choo ILH, Chung JY, Chong A, Ha J, Choi YY, Kim H. Correlation between depressive symptom and executive function decline in amyloid positive mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.037745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- IL Han Choo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital Gwangju Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital Gwangju Korea
| | - Ari Chong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital Gwangju Korea
| | - Jung‐Min Ha
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital Gwangju Korea
| | | | - Hoowon Kim
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital Gwangju Korea
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22
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Chung JY, Jeong JH, Song J. Resveratrol Modulates the Gut-Brain Axis: Focus on Glucagon-Like Peptide-1, 5-HT, and Gut Microbiota. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:588044. [PMID: 33328965 PMCID: PMC7732484 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.588044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol that has anti-aging and anti-inflammatory properties against stress condition. It is reported that resveratrol has beneficial functions in various metabolic and central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, depression, and dementia. Recently, many researchers have emphasized the connection between the brain and gut, called the gut-brain axis, for treating both CNS neuropathologies and gastrointestinal diseases. Based on previous findings, resveratrol is involved in glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secreted by intestine L cells, the patterns of microbiome in the intestine, the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) level, and CNS inflammation. Here, we review recent evidences concerning the relevance and regulatory function of resveratrol in the gut-brain axis from various perspectives. Here, we highlight the necessity for further study on resveratrol's specific mechanism in the gut-brain axis. We present the potential of resveratrol as a natural therapeutic substance for treating both neuropathology and gastrointestinal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
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23
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Chong A, Ha JM, Chung JY, Kim H, Cho YS. Follow-Up of Brain Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in a Case of Seizure Caused by Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome. Am J Case Rep 2020; 21:e923406. [PMID: 32641680 PMCID: PMC7370574 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.923406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 38-year-old Final Diagnosis: Osmotic demyelination syndrome Symptoms: Seizure Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Nuclear Medicine • Radiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Chong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jung-Min Ha
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hoowon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yong Soo Cho
- Department of Radiology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
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24
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Ryu HU, Chung JY, Shin BS, Kang HG. Lithium induced reversible Splenial lesion in neuroleptic malignant syndrome like symptoms: two case reports. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:164. [PMID: 32354328 PMCID: PMC7193363 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lithium is primarily used to treat bipolar disorder and is known to cause several acute neurological complications. Reversible splenial lesions (RSLs) may be evident in antiepileptic drug toxicity or withdrawal, infections, and other phenomena. We report two cases of RSL presenting as neuroleptic malignant syndrome-like symptoms (NMSLS) with lithium associated neurotoxicity. Case presentation A 28-year-old woman was admitted after taking increased dosages of lithium for schizophrenia. She experienced generalized tremor, rigidity, dysarthria, high fever, and tachycardia. Symptoms and brain lesion recovered 2 weeks after discontinuation of lithium. The second case involved a 59-year-old woman who was receiving treatment for bipolar disorder since 1988. When lithium was administered for impatience and aggressive behavior, her mental state deteriorated and fever developed, along with generalized tremor in the extremities. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in both patients showed a reversible oval-shaped lesion localized to the splenium of the corpus callosum. Both patients were defined as neuroleptic malignant syndrome-like symptoms (NMSLS) based on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The suspected etiology of our cases was lithium associated neurotoxicity according to their clinical course and medical information. Our patients fully recovered in 10–14 days after the discontinuation of lithium. Conclusions The patients experienced similar clinical courses and had similar radiological findings of RSL. Manifestations in both cases were related to lithium associated neurotoxicity and this should be considered in patients with RSL and NMSLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Uk Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Soo Shin
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeonbuk-do, 54907, South Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Kang
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeonbuk-do, 54907, South Korea.
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25
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Hong C, Jeong B, Park HJ, Chung JY, Lee JE, Kim J, Shin YC, So I. TRP Channels as Emerging Therapeutic Targets for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:238. [PMID: 32351395 PMCID: PMC7174697 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of treatment for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is facing medical challenges due to the increasingly aging population. However, some pharmaceutical companies have ceased the development of therapeutics for NDs, and no new treatments for NDs have been established during the last decade. The relationship between ND pathogenesis and risk factors has not been completely elucidated. Herein, we review the potential involvement of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in NDs, where oxidative stress and disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis consequently lead to neuronal apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) -sensitive TRP channels can be key risk factors as polymodal sensors, since progressive late onset with secondary pathological damage after initial toxic insult is one of the typical characteristics of NDs. Recent evidence indicates that the dysregulation of TRP channels is a missing link between disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis and neuronal loss in NDs. In this review, we discuss the latest findings regarding TRP channels to provide insights into the research and quests for alternative therapeutic candidates for NDs. As the structures of TRP channels have recently been revealed by cryo-electron microscopy, it is necessary to develop new TRP channel antagonists and reevaluate existing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chansik Hong
- Department of Physiology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Byeongseok Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Park
- Department of Physiology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Dermatological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinsung Kim
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Dermatological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Cheul Shin
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Dermatological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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26
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Ryu HU, Lee BN, Shin BS, Chung JY, Kang HG. Superficial siderosis with rapid progressive cognitive decline. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:2289-2291. [PMID: 32157586 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Uk Ryu
- Department of Neurology and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Bit Na Lee
- Department of Neurology and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Soo Shin
- Department of Neurology and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonju, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Kang
- Department of Neurology and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonju, South Korea. .,Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonju, South Korea. .,Department of Neurology and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University School of Medicine and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeonbuk-do, 54907, South Korea.
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27
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Choo IH, Chong A, Chung JY, Kim H. Association of Subjective Memory Complaints with the Left Parahippocampal Amyloid Burden in Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 72:1261-1268. [PMID: 31707367 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective memory complaints (SMC) are a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the association between SMC and regional amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS Sixty-eight individuals with MCI were recruited. [18F]Florbetaben PET scans were performed. T1-weighted 3D volumes were also acquired for co-registration with PET and for defining the regions of interest (ROI). Two step exploratory partial correlation analyses between SMC and Aβ deposition were performed with covariates of age, sex, education, and depression. Furthermore, for the priori ROI that had the most significant partial correlation, we investigated the correlation between the SMC and regional Aβ burden using a multiple linear regression model controlling for depression, age, sex, and education. RESULTS Significant positive correlations between the SMC and Aβ burden was found in the medial temporal ROI (first step) and in the left parahippocampus ROI (second step). In the priori left parahippocampus, we found significant correlation between the SMC and Aβ burden (R2 = 0.473, p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that the SMC was associated with amyloid accumulation, especially in the left parahippocampus, in individuals with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Han Choo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Chosun University and Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ari Chong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chosun University and Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University and Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoowon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University and Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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28
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Choi KY, Lee JJ, Gunasekaran TI, Kang S, Lee W, Jeong J, Lim HJ, Zhang X, Zhu C, Won SY, Choi YY, Seo EH, Lee SC, Gim J, Chung JY, Chong A, Byun MS, Seo S, Ko PW, Han JW, McLean C, Farrell J, Lunetta KL, Miyashita A, Hara N, Won S, Choi SM, Ha JM, Jeong JH, Kuwano R, Song MK, An SSA, Lee YM, Park KW, Lee HW, Choi SH, Rhee S, Song WK, Lee JS, Mayeux R, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA, Choo ILH, Nho K, Kim KW, Lee DY, Kim S, Kim BC, Kim H, Jun GR, Schellenberg GD, Ikeuchi T, Farrer LA, Lee KH, Neuroimaging Initative AD. APOE Promoter Polymorphism-219T/G is an Effect Modifier of the Influence of APOE ε4 on Alzheimer's Disease Risk in a Multiracial Sample. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081236. [PMID: 31426376 PMCID: PMC6723529 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants in the APOE gene region may explain ethnic differences in the association of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with ε4. Ethnic differences in allele frequencies for three APOE region SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) were identified and tested for association in 19,398 East Asians (EastA), including Koreans and Japanese, 15,836 European ancestry (EuroA) individuals, and 4985 African Americans, and with brain imaging measures of cortical atrophy in sub-samples of Koreans and EuroAs. Among ε4/ε4 individuals, AD risk increased substantially in a dose-dependent manner with the number of APOE promoter SNP rs405509 T alleles in EastAs (TT: OR (odds ratio) = 27.02, p = 8.80 × 10−94; GT: OR = 15.87, p = 2.62 × 10−9) and EuroAs (TT: OR = 18.13, p = 2.69 × 10−108; GT: OR = 12.63, p = 3.44 × 10−64), and rs405509-T homozygotes had a younger onset and more severe cortical atrophy than those with G-allele. Functional experiments using APOE promoter fragments demonstrated that TT lowered APOE expression in human brain and serum. The modifying effect of rs405509 genotype explained much of the ethnic variability in the AD/ε4 association, and increasing APOE expression might lower AD risk among ε4 homozygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Yeong Choi
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Jang Jae Lee
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Tamil Iniyan Gunasekaran
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Sarang Kang
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Department of Life Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Wooje Lee
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Jangho Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Ho Jae Lim
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Department of Life Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Congcong Zhu
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - So-Yoon Won
- Department of Biochemistry and Signaling Disorder Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Yu Yong Choi
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Eun Hyun Seo
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Department of Premedical Science, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Seok Cheol Lee
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Jungsoo Gim
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Ari Chong
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sujin Seo
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Pan-Woo Ko
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Han
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Korea
| | - Catriona McLean
- Department of Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - John Farrell
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Akinori Miyashita
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Norikazu Hara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Sungho Won
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seong-Min Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Jung-Min Ha
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Jee Hyang Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Korea
| | - Ryozo Kuwano
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Min Kyung Song
- Chonnam national university Gwangju 2nd geriatric hospital, Gwangju 61748, Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea
| | - Young Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 50612, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Park
- Department of Neurology, Donga University College of Medicine, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Ho-Won Lee
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Seong Hye Choi
- Department of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Sangmyung Rhee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Woo Keun Song
- Bio Imaging and Cell Logistics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Jung Sup Lee
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology and Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA
| | - I L Han Choo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Chosun University School of Medicine and Hospital, Gwangju 61453, Korea
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ki-Woong Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Korea
| | - Byeong C Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Hoowon Kim
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Gyungah R Jun
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4238, USA
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Ophthalmology, and Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kun Ho Lee
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
- Department of Life Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea.
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29
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Choi KY, Lee JJ, Gunasekaran TI, Kang S, Lee W, Lim HJ, Choi YY, Seo EH, Lee SC, Gim J, Kim SJ, Chung JY, Choo IH, Kim H, Kim BC, Lee KH. P3-125: THE ASIAN ELDERLY ARE MORE VULNERABLE TO APOE
ε4-DEPENDENT ONSET OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.3153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Yeong Choi
- National Research Center for Dementia; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
| | - Jang Jae Lee
- National Research Center for Dementia; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
| | | | - Sarang Kang
- National Research Center for Dementia; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
- Department of Life Science; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
| | - Wooje Lee
- National Research Center for Dementia; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
| | - Ho Jae Lim
- National Research Center for Dementia; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
- Department of Life Science; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
| | - Yu Yong Choi
- National Research Center for Dementia; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
| | - Eun Hyun Seo
- National Research Center for Dementia; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
- College of Medicine; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
| | - Seok Cheol Lee
- National Research Center for Dementia; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
| | - Jungsoo Gim
- National Research Center for Dementia; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
| | - Seok-Jun Kim
- National Research Center for Dementia; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
- College of Natural Science; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- National Research Center for Dementia; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
- Department of Neurology; Chosun University School of Medicine; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
| | - Il Han Choo
- National Research Center for Dementia; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry; Chosun University School of Medicine; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
| | - Hoowon Kim
- National Research Center for Dementia; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
- Department of Neurology; Chosun University School of Medicine; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
| | - Byeong C. Kim
- National Research Center for Dementia; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
- Department of Neurology; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
| | - Kun Ho Lee
- National Research Center for Dementia; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
- Department of Life Sciences; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
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Chung JY, Yoon HJ, Kim H, Choo IH, Choi KY, Lee JJ, Lee KH, Seo EH. P3-287: NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS PREDICTING REVERSION FROM MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT TO COGNITIVELY NORMAL: 1 YEAR FOLLOW-UP STUDY. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.3318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine; Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Yoon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine; Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
| | - Hoowon Kim
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine; Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
| | - Il Han Choo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine; Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
| | - Kyu Yeong Choi
- National Research Center for Dementia; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
| | - Jang Jae Lee
- National Research Center for Dementia; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
| | - Kun Ho Lee
- National Research Center for Dementia; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
| | - Eun Hyun Seo
- Premedical Science, College of Medicine; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of South Korea
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Hur W, Chung JY, Choi PK, Kang HG. Uremia presented as acute cranial neuropathy. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:1487-1489. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-03741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Background Myasthenia gravis (MG), an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder, occurs owing to autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptors. MG symptoms can be triggered by various vaccines. Many studies have evaluated the safety and adverse events of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. Here, we present a life-threatening case of ocular and bulbar MG symptoms after HPV vaccination and a brief literature review. Case presentation A 23-year-old woman presented with binocular diplopia, ptosis, dysarthria, and dysphagia, which occurred on the 3rd day after the second HPV vaccine administration. She was diagnosed with MG based on history, clinical features, and test results. Her symptoms deteriorated on the 3rd day after admission, and she was transferred to the intensive care unit with mechanical ventilation. On the 7th day after admission, due to discomfort in the right chest, pulmonary embolism was suspected. A tracheostomy was performed on the 14th day of mechanical ventilation. In the 4th week, the tracheostomy tube was removed; all symptoms had completely resolved at discharge. She was followed up for 5 months without recurrence or further treatment. Conclusion HPV vaccination may cause MG owing to unexpected abnormal autoimmune responses. Additional studies are needed to clarify the possible causal relationship between the HPV vaccine and neurological complications and to evaluate the safety of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 61453, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Lee
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics and Department of Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Soo Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chonbuk National University School of Medicine, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology & Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeonbuk-do, 54907, South Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Kang
- Department of Neurology, Chonbuk National University School of Medicine, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Neurology & Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeonbuk-do, 54907, South Korea.
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Chung JY, Kim HS, Song J. Correction to: Iron metabolism in diabetes-induced Alzheimer's disease: a focus on insulin resistance in the brain. Biometals 2018; 31:1115. [PMID: 30225625 PMCID: PMC6245097 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-0138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University School of Medicine and Hospital, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea.
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea.
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Abstract
RATIONALE Cerebral microbleeds are lesions that appear as round low signal intensity areas with a diameter of 2-5 mm on gradient echo T2-weighted sequence magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebral microblees are hemorrhages found in the brain parenchyma and they are caused by the extravasation of the blood. Although more patients with ischemic stroke are found to have cerebral microbleeds, only a few studies have evaluated other neurologic abnormalities outside of cognitive dysfunction due to cerebral microbleeds. PATIENT CONCERNS A 73-year-old female patient had only a lacunar infarction with the development of a new microbleed whenever a new neurologic symptom occurred, without the occurrence of acute ischemic stroke. DIAGNOSES A 73-year-old female patient diagnosed symptomatic cerebral microbleeds. INTERVENTIONS Brain magnetic resonance imaging was taken within a few hours of the occurrence of a new symptom and we confirmed increased cerebral microbleeds in the ventral-posterolateral area of the thalamus, consistent with the symptoms. OUTCOMES This case study is meaningful because it proves that repeated occurrences of cerebral microbleeds in a specific area can induce acute ischemic stroke-like symptoms. LESSONS Cerebral microbleeds have been considered to be asymptomatic lesions thus far. However, recent studies have reported the association of cerebral microbleeds with neurological symptoms including cognitive dysfunction. This study confirmed the presence of newly formed cerebral microbleeds through imaging follow-ups whenever a symptom occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pahn Kyu Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University School of Medicine and Hospital, Gwang-ju
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University School of Medicine and Hospital, Gwang-ju
| | | | - Hyun Goo Kang
- Department of Neurology, Chonbuk National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
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Chung JY, Kim HS, Song J. Iron metabolism in diabetes-induced Alzheimer's disease: a focus on insulin resistance in the brain. Biometals 2018; 31:705-714. [PMID: 30043289 PMCID: PMC6133192 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-0134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an excessive accumulation of toxic amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and memory dysfunction. The onset of AD is influenced by age, genetic background, and impaired glucose metabolism in the brain. Several studies have demonstrated that diabetes involving insulin resistance and glucose tolerance could lead to AD, ultimately resulting in cognitive dysfunction. Even though the relationship between diabetes and AD was indicated by significant evidences, the critical mechanisms and metabolic alterations in diabetes induced AD are not clear until now. Recently, iron metabolism has been shown to play multiple roles in the central nervous system (CNS). Iron deficiency and overload are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Iron binds to Aβ and subsequently regulates Aβ toxicity in the CNS. In addition, previous studies have shown that iron is involved in the aggravation of insulin resistance. Considering these effects of iron metabolism in CNS, we expect that iron metabolism may play crucial roles in diabetic AD brain. Thus, we review the recent evidence regarding the relationship between diabetes-induced AD and iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University School of Medicine and Hospital, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea.
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea.
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Choi KY, Gunasekaran TI, Lee JJ, Kang S, Lee W, Choi YY, Park S, Chung JY, Kim BC, Choo IH, Kim H, Ikeuchi T, Lee JS, Lee KH. [P2–348]: THE ASIAN ELDERLY ARE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO APOE ε4‐DEPENDENT ONSET OF ALZHEIMER's DISEASE. Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Yeong Choi
- National Research Center for DementiaChosun UniversityGwangjuRepublic of South Korea
- Department of PremedicsChosun UniversityGwangjuRepublic of South Korea
| | | | - Jang Jae Lee
- National Research Center for DementiaChosun UniversityGwangjuRepublic of South Korea
| | - Sarang Kang
- National Research Center for DementiaChosun UniversityGwangjuRepublic of South Korea
- Department of Life ScienceChosun UniversityGwangjuRepublic of South Korea
| | - Wooje Lee
- National Research Center for DementiaChosun UniversityGwangjuRepublic of South Korea
| | - Yu Yong Choi
- National Research Center for DementiaChosun UniversityGwangjuRepublic of South Korea
- Department of PremedicsChosun UniversityGwangjuRepublic of South Korea
| | - Sora Park
- National Research Center for DementiaChosun UniversityGwangjuRepublic of South Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- National Research Center for DementiaChosun UniversityGwangjuRepublic of South Korea
- Department of NeurologyChosun University School of MedicineGwangjuRepublic of South Korea
| | - Byeong Chae Kim
- National Research Center for DementiaChosun UniversityGwangjuRepublic of South Korea
- Department of NeurologyChonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangjuRepublic of South Korea
| | - Il Han Choo
- National Research Center for DementiaChosun UniversityGwangjuRepublic of South Korea
- Department of NeuropsychiatryChosun University School of MedicineGwangjuRepublic of South Korea
| | - Hoowon Kim
- National Research Center for DementiaChosun UniversityGwangjuRepublic of South Korea
- Department of NeurologyChosun University School of MedicineGwangjuRepublic of South Korea
| | | | - Jung Sup Lee
- National Research Center for DementiaChosun UniversityGwangjuRepublic of South Korea
- Department of Life ScienceChosun UniversityGwangjuRepublic of South Korea
- Department of Biomedical ScienceChosun UniversityGwangjuRepublic of South Korea
- BK21‐Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control TechnologyChosun UniversityGwangjuRepublic of South Korea
| | - Kun Ho Lee
- National Research Center for DementiaChosun UniversityGwangjuRepublic of South Korea
- Department of Life ScienceChosun UniversityGwangjuRepublic of South Korea
- Department of Biomedical ScienceChosun UniversityGwangjuRepublic of South Korea
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Abstract
Background Vitamin K inhibitors (e.g. warfarin) and indirect thrombin inhibitors (e.g. heparin) are widely used to prevent thromboembolic disorders (e.g. myocardial infarction, venous thromboembolism, and stroke). These agents have been mainstays of anticoagulation for people older than 60 years. However, their administration is associated with a risk of bleeding and requires careful monitoring of patients. Novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs), such as dabigatran, are significantly safer in preventing thromboembolism than warfarin and heparin (sporadically causes thrombocytopenia) and are more specific for their target protein, thrombin. The major advantage of dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, is that it reversibly inhibits both free and clot-bound thrombin by tight binding affinity and the predictable pharmacodynamic effect. A few studies, however, reported that dabigatran can cause thrombocytopenia, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Thus, an antidote for dabigatran was developed to prevent thrombocytopenia. Case presentation In this report, we discuss two cases of thrombocytopenia and purpura after dabigatran treatment. A 73-year-old man showed hemorrhagic necrotic skin lesions on his neck and right hand. He was administered dabigatran (220 mg/day) for cerebral infarction for three days and his platelet count decreased abruptly (6000/μL). This suggested that dabigatran had caused thrombocytopenia and purpura; therefore, dabigatran administration was discontinued. The results of a blood test, performed 14 days after stopping dabigatran treatment, showed that the platelet count had recovered to the normal range of more than 150,000/μL. A 75-year-old woman had taken warfarin continuously for 8 years. However, she had a new cerebral infarction. Therefore, warfarin treatment was replaced with dabigatran (300 mg/day). Her platelet count decreased (41,000/μL) significantly and dabigatran treatment was discontinued. The blood test results show that platelet counts gradually recovered to the normal range. Conclusions Dabigatran application may cause bleeding; therefore, careful monitoring during dabigatran treatment is required to prevent thrombocytopenia. An explanation is that the interaction of dabigatran with thrombin, because of its strong binding affinity, may cause the observed thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Goo Kang
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 61453, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Lee
- Research Center for Bioactive Materials and Department of Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 61453, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sung Cheong
- Department of Neurology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine and Hospital, Iksan, 54538, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
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Park YB, Ha CW, Kim JA, Han WJ, Rhim JH, Lee HJ, Kim KJ, Park YG, Chung JY. Single-stage cell-based cartilage repair in a rabbit model: cell tracking and in vivo chondrogenesis of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells and hyaluronic acid hydrogel composite. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:570-580. [PMID: 27789339 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) have gained popularity as a promising cell source for regenerative medicine, but limited in vivo studies have reported cartilage repair. In addition, the roles of MSCs in cartilage repair are not well-understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of transplanting hUCB-MSCs and hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel composite to repair articular cartilage defects in a rabbit model and determine whether the transplanted cells persisted or disappeared from the defect site. DESIGN Osteochondral defects were created in the trochlear grooves of the knees. The hUCB-MSCs and HA composite was transplanted into the defect of experimental knees. Control knees were transplanted by HA or left untreated. Animals were sacrificed at 8 and 16 weeks post-transplantation and additionally at 2 and 4 weeks to evaluate the fate of transplanted cells. The repair tissues were evaluated by gross, histological and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Transplanting hUCB-MSCs and HA composite resulted in overall superior cartilage repair tissue with better quality than HA alone or no treatment. Cellular architecture and collagen arrangement at 16 weeks were similar to those of surrounding normal articular cartilage tissue. Histological scores also revealed that cartilage repair in experimental knees was better than that in control knees. Immunohistochemical analysis with anti-human nuclear antibody confirmed that the transplanted MSCs disappeared gradually over time. CONCLUSION Transplanting hUCB-MSCs and HA composite promote cartilage repair and interactions between hUCB-MSCs and host cells initiated by paracrine action may play an important role in cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - C W Ha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - J A Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - W J Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - J H Rhim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - H J Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - K J Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea.
| | - Y G Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea.
| | - J Y Chung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
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Lee J, Ji SC, Kim B, Yi S, Shin KH, Cho JY, Lim KS, Lee SH, Yoon SH, Chung JY, Yu KS, Park HS, Kim SH, Jang IJ. Exploration of Biomarkers for Amoxicillin/Clavulanate-Induced Liver Injury: Multi-Omics Approaches. Clin Transl Sci 2016; 10:163-171. [PMID: 27785887 PMCID: PMC5421739 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore potential biomarkers for amoxicillin/clavulanate‐induced liver injury (AC‐DILI), we conducted a clinical trial in 32 healthy subjects based on multi‐omics approaches. Every subject was administered amoxicillin/clavulanate for 14 days. The liver‐specific microRNA‐122 (miR‐122) level increased prior to and correlated well with the observed alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level increase. This result indicates its potential as a sensitive early marker for AC‐DILI. We also identified urinary metabolites, such as azelaic acid and 7‐methylxanthine, with levels that significantly differed among the groups classified by ALT elevation level on day 8 after drug administration (P < 0.05). Lymphocyte proliferation in response to the drug was also observed. These findings demonstrate sequential changes in the process of AC‐DILI, including metabolic changes, increased miR‐122 level, increased liver enzyme activity, and enhanced lymphocyte proliferation after drug administration. In conclusion, this study provides potential biomarkers for AC‐DILI based on currently known mechanisms using comprehensive multi‐omics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S C Ji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - B Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Yi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - K H Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - J Y Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - K S Lim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CHA University School of Medicine and CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Yoon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Y Chung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - K S Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - H S Park
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - I J Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Kim KH, Kang HG, Ahn SH, Chung JY, Choo IS, Kim HW, Kim JH. Acute intracerebral hemorrhage with a spot sign during computed tomographic angiography. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16:976-7. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hoon Kim
- Department of Neurology; Chosun University School of Medicine and Hospital; Gwangju South Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Kang
- Department of Neurology; Chosun University School of Medicine and Hospital; Gwangju South Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Ahn
- Department of Neurology; Chosun University School of Medicine and Hospital; Gwangju South Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology; Chosun University School of Medicine and Hospital; Gwangju South Korea
| | - In Sung Choo
- Department of Neurology; Chosun University School of Medicine and Hospital; Gwangju South Korea
| | - Hoo Won Kim
- Department of Neurology; Chosun University School of Medicine and Hospital; Gwangju South Korea
| | - Jin Ho Kim
- Department of Neurology; Chosun University School of Medicine and Hospital; Gwangju South Korea
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Ahn SH, Chung JY, Choo IS, Lee KY, Kang HG, Han SW. Abstract WP230: No Difference of Cerebral Perfusion Between Transient Global Amnesia With and Without Acute Focal Lesion in Hippocampus. Stroke 2016. [DOI: 10.1161/str.47.suppl_1.wp230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
In transient global amnesia (TGA), the etiology or pathogenesis is still in debate. It has been commonly suggested that TGA might be related to an ischemic event, migraine, or epileptic seizures. With the characteristic findings of diffusion-weighted images (DWI), cerebrovascular disease can be regarded as a cause of TGA.
Hypothesis:
Transient global amnesia may be associated with regional cerebral perfusion, especially in patients with DWI lesions. The aim of the present study is to reveal the clinical or radiological difference between TGA patients with and without acute lesions.
Methods:
We identified retrospectively TGA patients who fulfilled the standard criteria from January 2010 through March 2015. Within 72 hours from symptom onset, all patients were evaluated with brain MR images and an electroencephalography. According to the presence of acute lesion in the hippocampus, clinical features, vascular risk factors, and regional perfusion status with SPECT images were compared.
Results:
Of 61 TGA patients (mean age 60.6, female 18 patients), 20 patients had acute focal lesions in the hippocampus (size: 3.36 ± 0.64mm, 7 in the right, 9 in the left, and 2 in bilateral lesions). All lesions were located in the lateral border (CA1 region) of the hippocampus. In the comparison of clinical features, the duration of amnestic symptom was shorter in the lesion negative group than in the lesion positive group (5 hours, IQR 2.5-8.8 vs. 8 hours, IQR 5-13.5, p=0.07). However, there was no difference between TGA patients with and without DWI lesions in cerebrovascular risk factors or laboratory results. Of 23 patients underwent a cerebral SPECT, 6 patients who had DWI lesions had no abnormal findings. Of 17 patients without lesions, only 3 patients exhibited mild focal perfusion defect in both medial temporal, left frontal, and left fronto-temporal region, respectively.
Conclusions:
Except amnestic symptom duration, we failed to reveal any clinical difference including perfusion defect between TGA patients with and without DWI lesion. It might suggest the low probability of hypoperfusion in the hippocampus regardless of the presence of brain DWI lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hwan Ahn
- Dept of Neurology, Chosun Univ Sch of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Dept of Neurology, Chosun Univ Sch of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of
| | - In Sung Choo
- Dept of Neurology, Chosun Univ Sch of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kyung Yul Lee
- Dept of Neurology, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hyun Goo Kang
- Dept of Neurology, Chosun Univ Sch of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of
| | - Sang Won Han
- Dept of Neurology, Sanggye Paik Hosp, Inje Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
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Chung JY, Kang HG, Shin DS, Han HS. Rapidly Growing Basilar Tip Aneurysm Causing Hydrocephalus and Mental Deterioration. J Neurocrit Care 2015. [DOI: 10.18700/jnc.2015.8.2.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Park SJ, Oh J, Kim YK, Park JH, Park JY, Hong HK, Park KH, Lee JE, Kim HM, Chung JY, Woo SJ. Intraocular pharmacokinetics of intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor-Trap in a rabbit model. Eye (Lond) 2015; 29:561-8. [PMID: 25592118 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2014.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine intraocular pharmacokinetic properties of intravitreally injected vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-Trap in a rabbit model. METHODS VEGF-Trap was intravitreally injected in 18 rabbit eyes. Eyes were enucleated 1 h and 1, 2, 5, 14, and 30 days after injections and immediately frozen at -80 °C. Concentration of VEGF-Trap in vitreous, aqueous humor, and retina/choroid was determined using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and analyzed to obtain pharmacokinetic properties. RESULTS Maximum concentration of VEGF-Trap was achieved at 1 h in all three tissues. A one-compartment model of distribution was selected as the final model for all tissues studied. Estimated half-life of VEGF-Trap in vitreous, aqueous humor, and retinal/choroid was 87.1, 36.8, and 35.0 h, respectively, and estimated mean residence time was 125.7, 53.1, and 50.5 h, respectively. Area under the curve from time 0 to the end point was 10009.8, 3945.1, and 1189.3, respectively. Total exposure of the aqueous humor and retina/choroid to VEGF-Trap was 39.4% and 11.9% of vitreous exposure, respectively. CONCLUSION The vitreous half-life of VEGF-Trap is 3.63 days. This is shorter than that of bevacizumab (6.99 days) and longer than that of ranibizumab (2.51 days), as shown in studies using the same experimental settings. The concentration of VEGF-Trap peaked at 1 h after injections in all eye tissues studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - J Oh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-K Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - H K Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - K H Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - J-E Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - H M Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Chung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - S J Woo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Chung JY, Chen H, Midzak A, Burnett AL, Papadopoulos V, Zirkin BR. Drug ligand-induced activation of translocator protein (TSPO) stimulates steroid production by aged brown Norway rat Leydig cells. Endocrinology 2013; 154:2156-65. [PMID: 23525219 PMCID: PMC3740486 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Translocator protein (TSPO; 18 kDA) is a high-affinity cholesterol-binding protein that is integrally involved in cholesterol transfer from intracellular stores into mitochondria, the rate-determining step in steroid formation. Previous studies have shown that TSPO drug ligands are able to activate steroid production by MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells and by mitochondria isolated from steroidogenic cells. We hypothesized herein that the direct, pharmacological activation of TSPO might induce aged Leydig cells, which are characterized by reduced T production, to produce significantly higher levels of T both in vitro and in vivo. To test this, we first examined the in vitro effects of the TSPO selective and structurally distinct drug ligands N,N-dihexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide (FGIN-1-27) and benzodiazepine 4'-chlorodiazepam (Ro5-4864) on steroidogenesis by Leydig cells isolated from aged (21-24 months old) and young adult (3-6 months old) Brown Norway rats. The ligands stimulated Leydig cell T production significantly, and equivalently, in cells of both ages, an effect that was significantly inhibited by the specific TSPO inhibitor 5-androsten-3,17,19-triol (19-Atriol). Additionally, we examined the in vivo effects of administering FGIN-1-27 to young and aged rats. In both cases, serum T levels increased significantly, consistent with the in vitro results. Indeed, serum T levels in aged rats administered FGIN-1-27 were equivalent to T levels in the serum of control young rats. Taken together, these results indicate that although there are reduced amounts of TSPO in aged Leydig cells, its direct activation is able to increase T production. We suggest that this approach might serve as a therapeutic means to increase steroid levels in vivo in cases of primary hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Hobbie EK, Simien DO, Fagan JA, Huh JY, Chung JY, Hudson SD, Obrzut J, Douglas JF, Stafford CM. Wrinkling and strain softening in single-wall carbon nanotube membranes. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:125505. [PMID: 20366547 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.125505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The nonlinear elasticity of thin supported membranes assembled from length purified single-wall carbon nanotubes is analyzed through the wrinkling instability that develops under uniaxial compression. In contrast with thin polymer films, pristine nanotube membranes exhibit strong softening under finite strain associated with bond slip and network fracture. We model the response as a shift in percolation threshold generated by strain-induced nanotube alignment in accordance with theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Hobbie
- Department of Physics, Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA.
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Yun YH, Chung JY, Kang MJ, Huh JT, Park KW, Cha JK. A Retrospective Study on Intracerebral Haemorrhage Reduction by Mri versus Ct in Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischaemic Stroke. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/102490791001700102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multimodal MRI may be an effective tool for selecting suitable acute ischaemic stroke patients for thrombolysis, reducing the risk of haemorrhage. In this study, we demonstrated the usefulness of our central alerting system to reduce door-to-needle time for thrombolysis following MRI. This system allowed timely intervention and reduced the rate of symptomatic haemorrhage. Methods We reviewed the records of 73 patients with hyperacute ischaemic stroke who received intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) between January 2006 and December 2007 following the adoption of a central stroke alerting system in our hospital. Results Of the 73 patients who received IV t-PA, 44 were based on CT and 29 on MRI findings. The door-to-needle time was 10 minutes longer for the MRI group (49.9±23.2 min) compared to the CT group (39.6±19.7 min) but it was still within the recommended 60 minutes time frame. On the other hand, the rate of symptomatic haemorrhage was lower, though insignificantly, in the MRI group (0%) compared to the CT group (13.6%) (p=0.08). Conclusions In this study, we demonstrated that the combination of diagnostic MRI and a central alerting system might reduce the rate of symptomatic haemorrhage without compromising the door-to-needle time.
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Affiliation(s)
- YH Yun
- Dong-A University College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - JY Chung
- Dong-A University College of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Hobbs DJ, Barletta GM, Chung JY, Bunchman TE. Isolated sarcoid granulomatous interstitial nephritis in pediatrics: a case report and review of literature. Clin Nephrol 2009; 72:410-413. [PMID: 19863887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease of unknown etiology primarily affecting the lungs, skin, and lymph nodes. The disease usually manifests in young adults and is uncommon in childhood. Renal involvement, including granulomatous interstitial nephritis (GIN), is rare, and few cases of isolated sarcoid GIN have been reported in pediatrics. We report a case and review the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Hobbs
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital and Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
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Chung JY, Kim KH, Chaudhury MK, Sarkar J, Sharma A. Confinement-induced instability and adhesive failure between dissimilar thin elastic films. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2006; 20:47-53. [PMID: 16733638 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2005-10080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2005] [Accepted: 03/21/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
When two thin soft elastomeric films are separated from each other, an elastic instability develops at the interface. Although similar instability develops for the case of a soft film separating from a rigid adherent, there are important differences in the two cases. For the single-film case, the wavelength of instability is independent of any material properties of the system, and it scales only with thickness of the film. For the two-film case, a co-operative instability mode develops, which is a non-linear function of the thicknesses and the elastic moduli of both films. We investigate the development of such instability by energy minimization procedures. Understanding the nature of this instability is important, as it affects the adhesive compliance of the system and thus the energy release rate in the debonding of soft interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
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Chung JY, Choo JH, Lee MH, Hwang JK. Anticariogenic activity of macelignan isolated from Myristica fragrans (nutmeg) against Streptococcus mutans. Phytomedicine 2006; 13:261-6. [PMID: 16492529 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2004.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2003] [Accepted: 04/07/2004] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of dental caries is mainly associated with oral pathogens, especially cariogenic Streptococcus mutans. Preliminary antibacterial screening revealed that the extract of Myristica fragrans, widely cultivated for the spice and flavor of foods, possessed strong inhibitory activity against S. mutans. The anticariogenic compound was successfully isolated from the methanol extract of M. fragrans by repeated silica gel chromatography, and its structure was identified as macelignan by instrumental analysis using 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR and EI-MS. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of macelignan against S. mutans was 3.9 microg/ml, which was much lower than those of other natural anticariogenic agents such as 15.6 microg/ml of sanguinarine, 250 microg/ml of eucalyptol, 500 microg/ml of menthol and thymol, and 1000 microg/ml of methyl salicylate. Macelignan also possessed preferential activity against other oral microorganisms such as Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei in the MIC range of 2-31.3 microg/ml. In particular, the bactericidal test showed that macelignan, at a concentration of 20 microg/ml, completely inactivated S. mutans in 1 min. The specific activity and fast-effectiveness of macelignan against oral bacteria strongly suggest that it could be employed as a natural antibacterial agent in functional foods or oral care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Chung
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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