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Wesselowski S, Gordon SG, Fries R, Saunders AB, Sykes KT, Vitt J, Boutet B, Häggström J, Kadotani S, Stack J, Barnett BG. Use of physical examination, electrocardiography, radiography, and biomarkers to predict echocardiographic stage B2 myxomatous mitral valve disease in preclinical Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 50:1-16. [PMID: 37913604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) are predisposed to developing myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Dogs with stage B2 MMVD benefit from medication. OBJECTIVES To develop (1) breed-specific cut-offs for individual screening tests and (2) predictive models utilizing physical examination (PE), ECG, radiograph, and blood-based biomarker variables in combination for identification of echocardiographic stage B2 MMVD in preclinical CKCS. ANIMALS Adult, preclinical CKCS not receiving cardiac medications (N = 226). MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective, cross-sectional study. Enrolled CKCS underwent PE, ECG, radiography, Doppler blood pressure measurement, echocardiography, and biomarker testing. Dogs were grouped by MMVD stage using echocardiography only. The discriminatory ability of individual tests to identify stage B2 was assessed, and prediction models were developed using variables derived from four 'tests' (PE, ECG, radiography, and biomarkers). RESULTS N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and radiographic vertebral heart size (VHS) had the best discriminatory ability of individual diagnostic tests to differentiate stage A/B1 CKCS from stage B2, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.855 and 0.843, respectively. An NT-proBNP ≥1138 pmol/L or a VHS ≥11.5 had high specificity for predicting stage B2 (90.1% and 90.6%, respectively). Prediction models incorporating variables from multiple tests had better discriminatory ability than single tests. The four-test prediction model had an AUC of 0.971. Three and two-test models had AUCs ranging between 0.925-0.959 and 0.895-0.949, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Both NT-proBNP and VHS have good utility for predicting echocardiographic stage B2 MMVD in CKCS as individual tests. Prediction models incorporating multiple test variables have superior discriminatory ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wesselowski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - S G Gordon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - R Fries
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1008 Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - A B Saunders
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - K T Sykes
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J Vitt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1008 Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - B Boutet
- VETMED emergency and specialty veterinary hospital, 20610 N Cave Creek Rd, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - J Häggström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7045, 7507 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Kadotani
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1008 Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - J Stack
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1008 Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - B G Barnett
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Rehman A, Tariq S, Kumar J, Martin L, Bannon C, Duffy T, Murphy E, Stack J, Barry M, Murphy CL. POS0661 MAJOR COST SAVINGS ASSOCIATED WITH BIOLOGIC DOSE REDUCTION IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIS. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.5086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundAnti-TNF drugs have dramatically improved the management of inflammatory arthritis (IA).Although the introduction of biosimilars have reduced the cost, chronic use of biologic agentshas a high impact on healthcare expenditure. This study evaluated the cost effectiveness of adose reduction strategy for the most commonly used anti- TNF drugs over a period of 10 yearsin patients with IA in remission.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore whether patients with Inflammatory Arthritis (IA) (Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) or Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) would remain in remission after 10 year period, following a reduction in biologic dosing frequency and to calculate the cost savings associated with dose reduction.MethodsThis prospective, non-blinded, non-randomised study was commenced in 2010. Patientswith IA, Rheumatoid arthritis (RA),ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and Psoriatic arthritis (PsA)who were in remission as defined by disease activity indices (DAS28<2.6, BASDAI<4), andwere offered Anti TNF dose reduction. Patients on etanercept were reduced from 50mgweekly to fortnightly, adalimumab 40mg once monthly instead of fortnightly. Patients wereassessed for disease activity at 1, 4 and 10 years following reduction in dosingfrequency.Cost saving was calculated by deducting the total annual cost of the biologicagent used over 10 years compared with the cost if the dosing interval had not changed.ResultsSeventy nine patients with inflammatory arthritis in remission were recruited. 57% had rheumatoid arthritis (n=45), 13% psoriatic arthritis (n=10) and 30% ankylosing spondylitis (n=24). 57% (n=45) were taking etanercept and 43% (n=34) adalimumab. The percentage of patients who maintained dose reduction at 10 years was 9% (n=7). Of the total 48 patients who were successfully dose reduced at year 1 (n=42), (69%, n=29) were able to maintain the dose reduction up to 4 years and 9% (n=7) maintained this dose reduction up to year 10. The estimated cost saving was €4,928 per patient per year. Estimated cost savings for 7 patients on reduced dose was €344,952.88 over 10 years.ConclusionAnti TNF dose reduction strategy in patients with IA results in substantial cost savings. Implementation of a dose reduction strategy while monitoring of disease activity reduces the financial impact of the use of biologic therapies. Further studies should be done to identify which patients are more likely to remain in remission while on dose reduction.References[1]Bonafede MM, Gandra SR, Watson C, Princic N, Fox KM. Cost per treated patient for etanercept, adalimumab, and infliximab across adult indications: a claims analysis. Adv Ther. 2012 Mar;29(3):234-48. doi: 10.1007/s12325-012-0007-y. Epub 2012 Mar 9. PMID: 22411424.[2]Joaquín Borrás-Blasco, Antonio Gracia-Pérez, J Dolores Rosique-Robles, MD Elvira Casterá & F Javier Abad (2014) Clinical and economic impact of the use of etanercept 25 mg once weekly in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthropathy and ankylosing spondylitis patients, Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 14:2, 145-150, DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.868433[3]Carter CT, Changolkar AK, Scott McKenzie R. Adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab utilization patterns and drug costs among rheumatoid arthritis patients. J Med Econ. 2012;15(2):332-9. doi: 10.3111/13696998.2011.649325. Epub 2012 Jan 6. PMID: 22168788.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Deeb M, Moloney PB, McCarthy G, Stack J, Lynch T, Llamas Osorio Y. Inflammatory Arthritis Post Covid-19 Infection. Ir Med J 2022; 115:525. [PMID: 35279059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Presentation A 63-year-old man developed polyarthritis two months post recovery from COVID-19 infection. Diagnosis We concluded that the diagnosis was rheumatoid arthritis based upon raised inflammatory markers, positive rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies. Treatment His symptoms improved with naproxen, corticosteroids, and methotrexate. Discussion We describe a patient with late onset rheumatoid arthritis possibly triggered or unmasked by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Deeb
- Department of Neurology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
- Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, 57 Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - P B Moloney
- Department of Neurology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
- Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, 57 Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - G McCarthy
- Department of Rheumatology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - J Stack
- Department of Rheumatology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - T Lynch
- Department of Neurology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
- Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, 57 Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
- Office of Health Affairs, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Y Llamas Osorio
- Department of Neurology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
- Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, 57 Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The interest in vertical crown preparation is growing and several variations are presented in the dental literature but limited clinical outcome data exists for teeth prepared for a vertical finish line. AIM To audit clinical outcomes for 73 teeth after vertical preparation for knife-edge zirconia crowns. METHOD Seventy-three teeth had knife-edge zirconia crowns placed after vertical finish line preparation. The outcomes for these teeth were analysed from a retrospective audit of clinical records. RESULTS The mean follow-up time was 21 months (SD: 10 months; range: 6-40). One tooth had to be extracted due to fracture at cervical level. One crown had to be re-made after margin fracture during try-in. No subsequent endodontic treatment was needed for any of the prepared teeth. No change in alveolar bone height was noted on radiographic follow-up. The mean bleeding score for the crowned teeth was higher than the mean bleeding score for a control tooth, but this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION This retrospective evaluation has shown favourable outcomes for 72 teeth after vertical preparation for knife-edge crowns. Longer follow-up is needed but the present results show that the technique is a viable procedure with potential advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stack
- Kings College London, Restorative Dentistry, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RW
| | - B J Millar
- Kings College London, Restorative Dentistry, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RW
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stack
- Department of Rheumatology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - G M McCarthy
- Department of Rheumatology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland.
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Green-Gomez M, Prado-Cabrero A, Moran R, Power T, Gómez-Mascaraque LG, Stack J, Nolan JM. The Impact of Formulation on Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and meso-Zeaxanthin Bioavailability: A Randomised Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E767. [PMID: 32824736 PMCID: PMC7463514 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z), and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ) have been the focus of research and commercial interest for their applications in human health. Research into formulations to enhance their bioavailability is merited. This 6 month randomised placebo-controlled trial involving 81 healthy volunteers compared the bioavailability of different formulations of free L, Z, and MZ in sunflower or omega-3 oil versus L, Z, and MZ diacetates (Ld, Zd, and MZd) in a micromicellar formulation. Fasting serum carotenoids, macular pigment, and skin carotenoid score were analysed at baseline and 6 months. Serum L, Z, and MZ concentrations increased in all active interventions compared to placebo (p < 0.001 to p = 0.008). The diacetate micromicelle formulation exhibited a significantly higher mean response in serum concentrations of Z and MZ compared to the other active interventions (p = 0.002 to 0.019). A micromicellar formulation with solubilised Z and MZ diacetates is a promising technology advancement that enhances the bioavailability of these carotenoids when compared to traditional carotenoid formulations (ISRCTN clinical trial registration number: ISRCTN18206561).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Green-Gomez
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology West Campus, X91 X236 Waterford, Ireland; (M.G.-G.); (A.P.-C.); (R.M.); (T.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Alfonso Prado-Cabrero
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology West Campus, X91 X236 Waterford, Ireland; (M.G.-G.); (A.P.-C.); (R.M.); (T.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Rachel Moran
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology West Campus, X91 X236 Waterford, Ireland; (M.G.-G.); (A.P.-C.); (R.M.); (T.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Tommy Power
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology West Campus, X91 X236 Waterford, Ireland; (M.G.-G.); (A.P.-C.); (R.M.); (T.P.); (J.S.)
| | | | - Jim Stack
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology West Campus, X91 X236 Waterford, Ireland; (M.G.-G.); (A.P.-C.); (R.M.); (T.P.); (J.S.)
| | - John M. Nolan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology West Campus, X91 X236 Waterford, Ireland; (M.G.-G.); (A.P.-C.); (R.M.); (T.P.); (J.S.)
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Harrington SC, Stack J, O'Dwyer V. Risk factors associated with myopia in schoolchildren in Ireland. Br J Ophthalmol 2019; 103:1803-1809. [PMID: 30745305 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the demographic and social factors associated with myopia in schoolchildren in Ireland. METHODS Thirty-seven schools participated, representing a mix of urban and rural schools and schools in socioeconomically disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged areas in Ireland. Examination included cyclopleged autorefraction (1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride). Height and weight of participants were measured. Parents filled in a participant's lifestyle questionnaire, including questions on daily screen time use and daylight exposure. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent ≤-0.50 D. RESULTS Data from 1626 participants (881 boys, 745 girls) in two age groups, 6-7 years (728) and 12-13 years (898), were examined. Myopia prevalence was significantly higher in children aged 12-13 years old (OR=7.7, 95%CI 5.1 to 11.6, p<0.001) and significantly associated with non-white ethnicity (OR=3.7, 95% CI 2.5 to 5.3, p<0.001). Controlling for age group and ethnicity, myopia prevalence was also significantly linked with height (p<0.001) and higher in participants in the following groups: using screens >3 hours per day (OR=3.7, 95% CI 2.1 to 6.3, p<0.001), obesity (OR=2.7, 95% CI 1.9 to 3.9, p<0.001), sedentary lifestyle (OR=2.9, 95% CI 1.9 to 4.4, p<0.001), frequently reading/writing (OR=2.2, 95% CI 1.4 to 3.5, p=0.001), less daylight exposure during summer time (OR=5.00, 95% CI 2.4 to 10.3, p<0.001), spring season births (OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.3, p=0.02), paternal history of myopia (OR=2.4, 95% CI 1.8 to 3.3, p<0.001) and bottle fed for the first three months of life (OR=1.7, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.5, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS The associations found between myopia prevalence in schoolchildren in Ireland and demographic and lifestyle factors suggest that longitudinal research investigating the associations between myopia prevalence and these factors may be beneficial in advising preventative public health programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jim Stack
- Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Veronica O'Dwyer
- School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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O'Gorman C, Stack J, O'Ceilleachair A, Denieffe S, Gooney M, McKnight M, Sharp L. Colorectal cancer survivors: an investigation of symptom burden and influencing factors. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1022. [PMID: 30348115 PMCID: PMC6198486 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4923-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer is a significant issue internationally, with over 1.3 million people diagnosed annually. Survival rates are increasing as treatments improve, although physical symptoms can persist despite eradication of the tumour. In order to optimize survivorship care, further research is warranted in relation to symptom burden. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to (i) investigate frequency of physical symptoms in colorectal cancer survivors (ii) identify which symptoms occur together (iii) examine the associations between demographic and clinical variables, and symptoms. Methods Participants nine months to three years post diagnosis were identified from the population-based National Cancer Registry Ireland. Respondents completed the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-CR29. Reported physical symptom frequencies were transformed into continuous scale variables, which were then analysed using one way analysis of variance, general linear modelling and Spearman rank correlations. Results There were 496 participants. Fatigue, insomnia and flatulence were the most frequent symptoms, with ≥20% of respondents reporting these to be often present in the previous week. Eight other symptoms were experienced often by 10–20% of respondents. At least one of these eleven most common symptoms was experienced frequently by almost every respondent (99%). 66% of respondents experienced at least two of these symptoms together, and 16% experienced five or more together. Current stoma was the single most common variable associated with increased symptom scores, although statistically significant relationships (p ≤ 0.05) between symptom frequency scores and clinical/demographic variables were generally weak (R-sq value ≤0.08). Conclusion Findings may inform targeted interventions during the nine month to three year post diagnosis timeframe, which would enable supported self-management of symptoms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4923-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire O'Gorman
- Waterford Institute of Technology, Cork Road, Co. Waterford, Ireland.
| | - Jim Stack
- Waterford Institute of Technology, Cork Road, Co. Waterford, Ireland
| | | | - Suzanne Denieffe
- Waterford Institute of Technology, Cork Road, Co. Waterford, Ireland
| | - Martina Gooney
- Waterford Institute of Technology, Cork Road, Co. Waterford, Ireland
| | - Martina McKnight
- Waterford Institute of Technology, Cork Road, Co. Waterford, Ireland
| | - Linda Sharp
- Newcastle University, Newcastle, Upon Tyne, UK
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Harrington SC, Stack J, Saunders K, O'Dwyer V. Refractive error and visual impairment in Ireland schoolchildren. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 103:1112-1118. [PMID: 30315130 PMCID: PMC6678142 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Aim To report refractive error prevalence and visual impairment in Republic of Ireland (henceforth 'Ireland') schoolchildren. Methods The Ireland Eye Study examined 1626 participants (881 boys, 745 girls) in two age groups, 6–7 years (728) and 12–13 years (898), in Ireland between June 2016 and January 2018. Participating schools were selected by stratified random sampling, representing a mix of school type (primary/postprimary), location (urban/rural) and socioeconomic status (disadvantaged/advantaged). Examination included monocular logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) presenting visual acuity (with spectacles if worn) and cycloplegic autorefraction (1% Cyclopentolate Hydrochloride). Parents completed a questionnaire to ascertain participants’ lifestyle. Results The prevalence of myopia (spherical equivalent refraction (SER): ≤−0.50 D), hyperopia (SER: ≥+2.00 D) and astigmatism (≤−1.00 DC) among participants aged 6–7 years old was 3.3%, 25% and 19.2%, respectively, and among participants aged 12–13 years old was 19.9%, 8.9% and 15.9%, respectively. Astigmatic axes were predominately with-the-rule. The prevalence of ‘better eye’ presenting visual impairment (≥0.3 logMAR, with spectacles, if worn) was 3.7% among younger and 3.4% among older participants. Participants in minority groups (Traveller and non-white) were significantly more likely to present with presenting visual impairment in the ‘better eye’. Conclusions The Ireland Eye Study is the first population-based study to report on refractive error prevalence and visual impairment in Ireland. Myopia prevalence is similar to comparable studies of white European children, but the levels of presenting visual impairment are markedly higher than those reported for children living in Northern Ireland, suggesting barriers exist in accessing eye care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siofra Christine Harrington
- School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, College of Science and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jim Stack
- Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Kathryn Saunders
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Veronica O'Dwyer
- School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
A case report of a patient with unilateral visual loss, due to infarction in an ectopic pituitary tumour, is presented. Good return of vision followed surgical removal of the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- G O'Connor
- Department of Neuro-Opthalmology and Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Ireland
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Power R, Coen RF, Beatty S, Mulcahy R, Moran R, Stack J, Howard AN, Nolan JM. Supplemental Retinal Carotenoids Enhance Memory in Healthy Individuals with Low Levels of Macular Pigment in A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 61:947-961. [PMID: 29332050 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Power
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Robert F. Coen
- Mercer’s Institute for Research on Ageing, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Beatty
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Riona Mulcahy
- Age-related Care Unit, University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Rachel Moran
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Jim Stack
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Waterford, Ireland
| | | | - John M. Nolan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Waterford, Ireland
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Nolan JM, Power R, Stringham J, Dennison J, Stack J, Kelly D, Moran R, Akuffo KO, Corcoran L, Beatty S. Author Response: Comments on Enrichment of Macular Pigment Enhances Contrast Sensitivity in Subjects Free of Retinal Disease: CREST - Report 1. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:5416. [PMID: 27737465 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John M Nolan
- Macular Pigment Research Group Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Carriganore, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Rebecca Power
- Macular Pigment Research Group Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Carriganore, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Jim Stringham
- Macular Pigment Research Group Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Carriganore, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Jessica Dennison
- Macular Pigment Research Group Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Carriganore, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Jim Stack
- Macular Pigment Research Group Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Carriganore, Waterford, Ireland
| | - David Kelly
- Macular Pigment Research Group Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Carriganore, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Rachel Moran
- Macular Pigment Research Group Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Carriganore, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Kwadwo O Akuffo
- Macular Pigment Research Group Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Carriganore, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Laura Corcoran
- Macular Pigment Research Group Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Carriganore, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Stephen Beatty
- Macular Pigment Research Group Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Carriganore, Waterford, Ireland
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Moran R, Beatty S, Stack J, O’Halloran AM, Feeney J, Akuffo KO, Peto T, Kenny RA, Nolan JM. The Relationship Between Plasma Concentrations of Lutein and Zeaxanthin with Self-Reported and Actual Prevalence of AMD in an Irish Population-Based Sample. Curr Eye Res 2017; 43:383-390. [DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2017.1403633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Moran
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Stephen Beatty
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Jim Stack
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Aisling M. O’Halloran
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Department of Medical Gerontology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanne Feeney
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Department of Medical Gerontology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Kwadwo O. Akuffo
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Tunde Peto
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Department of Medical Gerontology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John M. Nolan
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
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Akuffo KO, Beatty S, Peto T, Stack J, Stringham J, Kelly D, Leung I, Corcoran L, Nolan JM. The Impact of Supplemental Antioxidants on Visual Function in Nonadvanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Head-to-Head Randomized Clinical Trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 58:5347-5360. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-21192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwadwo Owusu Akuffo
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Stephen Beatty
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Tunde Peto
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jim Stack
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Jim Stringham
- Nutritional Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - David Kelly
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Irene Leung
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Corcoran
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - John M. Nolan
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
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Power R, Coen R, Beatty S, Mulcahy R, Moran R, Stack J, Howard A, Nolan J. [P4–560]: SUPPLEMENTAL RETINAL CAROTENOIDS ENHANCE MEMORY IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS WITH LOW LEVELS OF MACULAR PIGMENT IN A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE BLIND, PLACEBO‐CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL. Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.07.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Coen
- Mercer's Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James's HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Stephen Beatty
- Age‐Related Care UnitUniversity Hospital WaterfordWaterfordIreland
| | | | - Rachel Moran
- Nutrition Research Centre IrelandWaterfordIreland
| | - Jim Stack
- Nutrition Research Centre IrelandWaterfordIreland
| | - Alan Howard
- Nutrition Research Centre IrelandWaterfordIreland
| | - John Nolan
- Nutrition Research Centre IrelandWaterfordIreland
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Akuffo KO, Nolan JM, Stack J, Power R, Kirwan C, Moran R, Corcoran L, Owens N, Beatty S. The Impact of Cataract, and Its Surgical Removal, on Measures of Macular Pigment Using the Heidelberg Spectralis HRA+OCT MultiColor Device. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:2552-63. [PMID: 27163768 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of cataract (and cataract surgery) on macular pigment (MP) measurements using the Heidelberg Spectralis HRA+OCT MultiColor device. METHODS Thirty-six patients (age, 54-87 years) scheduled for cataract surgery at the Institute of Eye Surgery, Ireland, were enrolled in this study. Cataracts were graded using the Lens Opacities Classification System (LOCS) III, and surgery was performed using standard phacoemulsification technique with implantation of a Tecnis ZCB00 or Tecnis ZCT intraocular lens. Macular pigment was measured before and after cataract surgery in the operated (study) eye and in the fellow (control) eye. RESULTS In the study eye, there was statistically significant disagreement in measures of MP taken before and after surgery. At all eccentricities, and also for MP volume, the postsurgery measurements were significantly (P < 0.05) greater, ranging from an average 16% greater at 1.72° to an average 35% greater at 0.23° eccentricity. Eyes exhibiting large disagreement between pre- and postsurgery measurements at a given eccentricity also generally exhibited substantial disagreement at other eccentricities. Overall severity of cataract contributed to greater disagreement between pre- and postoperative measures of MP, as did grade of nuclear opalescence, nuclear color, and posterior subcapsular cataract. In control eyes, there was no statistically significant disagreement in terms of measures of MP taken before and after cataract surgery (P > 0.05 for all; 1-sample t-test). CONCLUSIONS Macular pigment measurements using the Spectralis are affected by cataract. Accordingly, we recommend that cataract be graded when measuring MP with a device that utilizes dual-wavelength fundus autofluorescence and propose the employment of a correction factor to compensate for cataract when measuring MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwadwo Owusu Akuffo
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - John M Nolan
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Jim Stack
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Rebecca Power
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Clare Kirwan
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland 2Institute of Eye Surgery and Institute of Vision Research, Whitfield Clinic, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Rachel Moran
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Laura Corcoran
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Niamh Owens
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Stephen Beatty
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland 2Institute of Eye Surgery and Institute of Vision Research, Whitfield Clinic, Waterford, Ireland
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Moran R, Nolan JM, Stack J, O'Halloran AM, Feeney J, Akuffo KO, Kenny RA, Beatty S. Non-Dietary Correlates and Determinants of Plasma Lutein and Zeaxanthin Concentrations in the Irish Population. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:254-261. [PMID: 28244563 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-016-0729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate non-dietary correlates and determinants of plasma lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) concentrations in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) sample. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Community dwelling adults in the Republic of Ireland (ROI). PARTICIPANTS 3,681 participants aged 50 years and older. MEASUREMENTS TILDA is a nationally representative prospective cohort study of community dwelling adults aged 50 years and over in the ROI. Demographic and health variables were collected during a face-to-face interview carried out in the home (n=8175), and a substantial proportion of these (n=5035; 62%) also attended a study visit in a health assessment centre. Blood samples collected at baseline (wave 1, the subject of the current study), were analysed for plasma concentrations of L and Z by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, and macular pigment (MP) optical density was also measured (using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry). RESULTS After excluding participants with eye disease, data from 3,681 participants were available for analysis. For this group of participants, plasma L and Z were inversely and significantly associated with body mass index (BMI), and were positively and significantly associated with MP, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (p<0.001, for all). Plasma L and Z were significantly lower in males, current smokers, participants reporting less physical exercise, and participants reporting lower levels of education (p<0.05, for all). Plasma L was significantly higher in participants reporting a family history of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (p=0.001), and in the group of ≥75 years old (p<0.05). For each of these variables, the significant associations remained after controlling for other potential confounding variables. CONCLUSION The findings of this large study indicate that plasma concentrations of L and Z were lower in association with indicators of a poor lifestyle (high BMI, tobacco use, and less physical exercise) and in association with lower education, indicating that modifying lifestyle in a positive way is likely to be reflected in higher concentrations of plasma carotenoids, with consequential and putative health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Moran
- Rachel Moran, Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, Waterford Institute of Technology West Campus, Carriganore, Waterford, Ireland, Tel: +353 (0)51 306261;
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Moran R, Nolan J, Stack J, O'Halloran AM, Feeney J, Akuffo KO, Kenny RA, Beatty S. 200RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREVALENCE (AND AWARENESS) OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION AND PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF LUTEIN AND ZEAXANTHIN IN AN OLDER POPULATION. Age Ageing 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afw159.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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McGiven J, Hendry L, Brown D, Gillard K, Katiyar A, Stack J, Perrett L, Rollins M, Hughes S, Ready R, Kemp P, Morris P, Mawhinney I. The Development of an Efficient Test Automation and Sample Tracking System in a High-Throughput Veterinary Laboratory to Improve the Emergency Response to Outbreaks of Highly Infectious Disease in Great Britain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jala.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Serological surveillance testing for bovine brucellosis, Enzootic Bovine Leukosis, and Warble fly reaches approximately 1.7 million tests every year in the UK. An automated system was developed to improve the quality of data handling for all three surveys. The objectives were to make improvements in efficiency, sample tracking, and test reporting and to develop an epidemiological database. The developed system of bar-coded samples and test plates processed on automated equipment capable of scanning barcodes and transferring information across a computer network met the data objectives. Consolidating and automating the highly repetitive liquid-handling steps met the cost objectives. To reduce the impact of temporary bottlenecks in the system, a philosophy of ‘islands of automation’ was adopted to maximize the throughput. The creation of this system was driven largely by the need to have in place an effective emergency response capability to handle the serological needs of an outbreak of an acute and highly infectious veterinary disease such as Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. McGiven
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, UK
| | - L. Hendry
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, UK
| | - D. Brown
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, UK
| | - K. Gillard
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, UK
| | - A. Katiyar
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, UK
| | - J. Stack
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, UK
| | - L. Perrett
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, UK
| | - M. Rollins
- Hamilton Robotics, Hamilton Great Britain Ltd., UK
| | - S. Hughes
- Hamilton Robotics, Hamilton Great Britain Ltd., UK
| | - R. Ready
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, UK
| | - P. Kemp
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, UK
| | - P. Morris
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, UK
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20
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Kelly D, Coen RF, Akuffo KO, Beatty S, Dennison J, Moran R, Stack J, Howard AN, Mulcahy R, Nolan JM. Cognitive Function and Its Relationship with Macular Pigment Optical Density and Serum Concentrations of its Constituent Carotenoids. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48:261-77. [PMID: 26401946 PMCID: PMC4923753 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Macular pigment (MP) levels correlate with brain concentrations of lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z), and have also been shown to correlate with cognitive performance in the young and elderly. Objective: To investigate the relationship between MP, serum concentrations of L and Z, and cognitive function in subjects free of retinal disease with low MP (Group 1, n = 105) and in subjects with AMD (Group 2, n = 121). Methods: MP was measured using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry and dual-wavelength autofluorescence; cognitive function was assessed using a battery of validated cognition tests; serum L and Z concentrations were determined by HPLC. Results: Significant correlations were evident between MP and various measures of cognitive function in both groups (r = –0.273 to 0.261, p≤0.05, for all). Both serum L and Z concentrations correlated significantly (r = 0.187, p≤0.05 and r = 0.197, p≤0.05, respectively) with semantic (animal) fluency cognitive scores in Group 2 (the AMD study group), while serum L concentrations also correlated significantly with Verbal Recognition Memory learning slope scores in the AMD study group (r = 0.200, p = 0.031). Most of the correlations with MP, but not serum L or Z, remained significant after controlling for age, gender, diet, and education level. Conclusion: MP offers potential as a non-invasive clinical biomarker of cognitive health, and appears more successful in this role than serum concentrations of L or Z.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kelly
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Robert F Coen
- Memory Clinic, Mercers Institute for Research on Ageing, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kwadwo Owusu Akuffo
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Stephen Beatty
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland.,Institute of Vision Research, Whitfield Clinic, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Jessica Dennison
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Rachel Moran
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Jim Stack
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | | | - Riona Mulcahy
- University Hospital Waterford, Age-Related Care Unit, Waterford, Ireland
| | - John M Nolan
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
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21
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Prado-Cabrero A, Beatty S, Stack J, Howard A, Nolan JM. Quantification of zeaxanthin stereoisomers and lutein in trout flesh using chiral high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. J Food Compost Anal 2016; 50:19-22. [PMID: 27721557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In our previous work we identified the presence of meso-zeaxanthin [(3R,3'S)-zeaxanthin] in trout flesh and skin (Nolan et al., 2014), but were not able to quantify this carotenoid with the method used at that time. In the present study, we developed a protocol that allows for the quantification of lutein and the three stereoisomers of zeaxanthin [(3R,3'R)-zeaxanthin, meso-zeaxanthin and (3S,3'S)-zeaxanthin] in fish flesh. We tested this protocol in two species of farmed trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo Trutta), and we detected and quantified these carotenoids. The concentrations of each carotenoid detected (ranging from 1.18 ± 0.68 ng g-1 flesh for meso-zeaxanthin to 38.72 ± 15.87 ng g-1 flesh for lutein) were highly comparable for the two fish species tested. In conclusion, we report, for the first time, the concentrations of zeaxanthin stereoisomers (including meso-zeaxanthin) and lutein in trout flesh. This work adds further to the knowledge on the presence of these carotenoids in the human food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Prado-Cabrero
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Stephen Beatty
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Jim Stack
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Alan Howard
- Downing College, University of Cambridge and The Howard Foundation, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John M Nolan
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
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22
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Nolan JM, Power R, Stringham J, Dennison J, Stack J, Kelly D, Moran R, Akuffo KO, Corcoran L, Beatty S. Enrichment of Macular Pigment Enhances Contrast Sensitivity in Subjects Free of Retinal Disease: Central Retinal Enrichment Supplementation Trials – Report 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 57:3429-39. [PMID: 27367585 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Nolan
- Macular Pigment Research Group Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Carriganore, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Rebecca Power
- Macular Pigment Research Group Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Carriganore, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Jim Stringham
- Nutritional Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - Jessica Dennison
- Macular Pigment Research Group Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Carriganore, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Jim Stack
- Macular Pigment Research Group Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Carriganore, Waterford, Ireland
| | - David Kelly
- Macular Pigment Research Group Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Carriganore, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Rachel Moran
- Macular Pigment Research Group Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Carriganore, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Kwadwo O. Akuffo
- Macular Pigment Research Group Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Carriganore, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Laura Corcoran
- Macular Pigment Research Group Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Carriganore, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Stephen Beatty
- Macular Pigment Research Group Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Carriganore, Waterford, Ireland
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Kirwan C, Nolan JM, Stack J, Dooley I, Moore J, Moore TC, Beatty S. Introduction of a Toric Intraocular Lens to a Non-Refractive Cataract Practice: Challenges and Outcomes. Int J Ophthalmol Clin Res 2016; 3. [PMID: 27830188 DOI: 10.23937/2378-346x/1410056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify challenges inherent in introducing a toric intraocular lens (IOL) to a non-refractive cataract practice, and evaluate residual astigmatism achieved and its impact on patient satisfaction. METHODS Following introduction of a toric IOL to a cataract practice with all procedures undertaken by a single, non-refractive, surgeon (SB), pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative data was analysed. Attenuation of anticipated post-operative astigmatism was examined, and subjectively perceived visual functioning was assessed using validated questionnaires. RESULTS Median difference vector (DV, the induced astigmatic change [by magnitude and axis] that would enable the initial surgery to achieve intended target) was 0.93D; median anticipated DV with a non-toric IOL was 2.38D. One eye exhibited 0.75D residual astigmatism, compared to 3.8D anticipated residual astigmatism with a non-toric IOL. 100% of respondents reported satisfaction of ≥ 6/10, with 37.84% of respondents entirely satisfied (10/10). 17 patients (38.63%) reported no symptoms of dysphotopsia (dysphoptosia score 0/10), only 3 respondents (6.8%) reported a clinically meaningful level of dysphotopsia (≥ 4/10). Mean post-operative NEI VF-11 score was 0.54 (+/-0.83; scale 0 - 4). CONCLUSION Use of a toric IOL to manage astigmatism during cataract surgery results in less post-operative astigmatism than a non-toric IOL, resulting in avoidance of unacceptable post-operative astigmatism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Kirwan
- Biomedical Science Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland; Institute of Eye Surgery, and Institute of Vision Research, Whitfield Clinic, Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland; Macular Pigment Research Group, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - John M Nolan
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Jim Stack
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Ian Dooley
- University College Hospital Limerick, Ireland
| | - Johnny Moore
- Biomedical Science Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Tara Cb Moore
- Biomedical Science Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Stephen Beatty
- Institute of Eye Surgery, and Institute of Vision Research, Whitfield Clinic, Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland; Macular Pigment Research Group, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
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24
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Akuffo KO, Beatty S, Stack J, Peto T, Leung I, Corcoran L, Power R, Nolan JM. Concordance of Macular Pigment Measurement Using Customized Heterochromatic Flicker Photometry and Fundus Autofluorescence in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 56:8207-14. [PMID: 26720473 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We compared macular pigment (MP) measurements using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry (Macular Metrics Densitometer) and dual-wavelength fundus autofluorescence (Heidelberg Spectralis HRA + OCT MultiColor) in subjects with early age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS Macular pigment was measured in 117 subjects with early AMD (age, 44-88 years) using the Densitometer and Spectralis, as part of the Central Retinal Enrichment Supplementation Trial (CREST; ISRCTN13894787). Baseline and 6-month study visits data were used for the analyses. Agreement was investigated at four different retinal eccentricities, graphically and using indices of agreement, including Pearson correlation coefficient (precision), accuracy coefficient, and concordance correlation coefficient (ccc). RESULTS Agreement was poor between the Densitometer and Spectralis at all eccentricities, at baseline (e.g., at 0.25° eccentricity, accuracy = 0.63, precision = 0.35, ccc = 0.22) and at 6 months (e.g., at 0.25° eccentricity, accuracy = 0.52, precision = 0.43, ccc = 0.22). Agreement between the two devices was significantly greater for males at 0.5° and 1.0° of eccentricity. At all eccentricities, agreement was unaffected by cataract grade. CONCLUSIONS In subjects with early AMD, MP measurements obtained using the Densitometer and Spectralis are not statistically comparable and should not be used interchangeably in either the clinical or research setting. Despite this lack of agreement, statistically significant increases in MP, following 6 months of supplementation with macular carotenoids, were detected with each device, confirming that these devices are capable of measuring change in MP within subjects over time. (http://www.controlled-trials.com number, ISRCTN13894787.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwadwo Owusu Akuffo
- Macular Pigment Research Group School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Stephen Beatty
- Macular Pigment Research Group School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Jim Stack
- Macular Pigment Research Group School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Tunde Peto
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Leung
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Corcoran
- Macular Pigment Research Group School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Rebecca Power
- Macular Pigment Research Group School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - John M Nolan
- Macular Pigment Research Group School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
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25
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Akuffo KO, Nolan JM, Peto T, Stack J, Leung I, Corcoran L, Beatty S. Relationship between macular pigment and visual function in subjects with early age-related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol 2016; 101:190-197. [PMID: 27091854 PMCID: PMC5293853 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-308418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the relationship between macular pigment (MP) and visual function in subjects with early age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods 121 subjects with early AMD enrolled as part of the Central Retinal Enrichment Supplementation Trial (CREST; ISRCTN13894787) were assessed using a range of psychophysical measures of visual function, including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), letter contrast sensitivity (CS), mesopic and photopic CS, mesopic and photopic glare disability (GD), photostress recovery time (PRT), reading performance and subjective visual function, using the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25). MP was measured using customised heterochromatic flicker photometry. Results Letter CS, mesopic and photopic CS, photopic GD and mean reading speed were each significantly (p<0.05) associated with MP across a range of retinal eccentricities, and these statistically significant relationships persisted after controlling for age, sex and cataract grade. BCVA, NEI VFQ-25 score, PRT and mesopic GD were unrelated to MP after controlling for age, sex and cataract grade (p>0.05, for all). Conclusions MP relates positively to many measures of visual function in unsupplemented subjects with early AMD. The CREST trial will investigate whether enrichment of MP influences visual function among those afflicted with this condition. Trial registration number ISRCTN13894787.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwadwo Owusu Akuffo
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, Macular Pigment Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - John M Nolan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, Macular Pigment Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Tunde Peto
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Jim Stack
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, Macular Pigment Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Irene Leung
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Laura Corcoran
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, Macular Pigment Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Stephen Beatty
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, Macular Pigment Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
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Moncrief I, Garzon C, Marek S, Stack J, Gamliel A, Garrido P, Proaño F, Gard M, Dehne H, Fletcher J. Development of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for discrimination among isolates of Fusarium proliferatum. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 126:12-7. [PMID: 27021663 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The plant pathogen Fusarium proliferatum has a wide host range and occurs worldwide. Many isolates of the fungus produce mycotoxins in plant tissues, which, if ingested, can cause harm to animals and humans. In 2008, an outbreak of salmon blotch of onions, caused by F. proliferatum, was detected in southern Israel. The source and distribution of the fungus in Israel were unknown. Inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) were used to identify repetitive motifs present in seven isolates of F. proliferatum from Israel, Germany and Austria. ISSR repeat motifs were, used to develop 17 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Six of these SSR markers were polymorphic in and consistently amplified from ten isolates collected in Israel, Germany, Austria and North America, from cucumber, onion, garlic, maize, and asparagus. These six polymorphic SSR alleles included 5 to 12 copies of di-, tri, and pentanucleotide motifs and yielded six to 9 alleles each. Sixteen of the SSR loci were amplified at least one of the seven Fusarium species, F. verticillioides, F. thapsinum, F. subglutinans, F. andiyazi, F. globosum, F. fujikoroi and F. oxysporum. The data demonstrate that these SSRs can be used for characterization of F. proliferatum isolates from diverse hosts and geographic locations and that they are transferable to other species of Fusarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Moncrief
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - C Garzon
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - S Marek
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - J Stack
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - A Gamliel
- Laboratory for Pest management Research, Institute of Agricultural Engineering ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - P Garrido
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - F Proaño
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - M Gard
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | | | - J Fletcher
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
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Nolan JM, Loskutova E, Howard AN, Moran R, Mulcahy R, Stack J, Bolger M, Dennison J, Akuffo KO, Owens N, Thurnham DI, Beatty S. Macular pigment, visual function, and macular disease among subjects with Alzheimer's disease: an exploratory study. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 42:1191-202. [PMID: 25024317 DOI: 10.3233/jad-140507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The macula (central retina) contains a yellow pigment, comprising the dietary carotenoids lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z), and meso-zeaxanthin, known as macular pigment (MP). The concentrations of MP's constituent carotenoids in retina and brain tissue correlate, and there is a biologically-plausible rationale, supported by emerging evidence, that MP's constituent carotenoids are also important for cognitive function. OBJECTIVE To investigate if patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are comparable to controls in terms of MP and visual function. METHODS 36 patients with moderate AD and 33 controls with the same age range participated. MP was measured using dual-wavelength autofluorescence (Heidelberg Spectralis®); cognitive function was assessed using a battery of cognition tests (including Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery). Visual function was recorded by measuring best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and contrast sensitivity (CS). Serum L and Z concentrations (by HPLC) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD, by retinal examination) status were also assessed. RESULTS In the AD group, central MP (i.e., at 0.23°) and MP volume were significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.001 for both), as were measures of BCVA, CS, and serum L and Z concentrations (p < 0.05, for all). CONCLUSION AD patients were observed to exhibit significantly less MP, lower serum concentrations of L and Z, poorer vision, and a higher occurrence of AMD when compared to control subjects. A clinical trial in AD patients designed to investigate the impact of macular carotenoid supplementation with respect to MP, visual function, and cognitive function is merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Nolan
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Ekaterina Loskutova
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Alan N Howard
- Howard Foundation, Cambridge, UK Downing College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel Moran
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Riona Mulcahy
- Waterford Regional Hospital, Age-Related Care Unit, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Jim Stack
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Maggie Bolger
- Waterford Regional Hospital, Age-Related Care Unit, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Jessica Dennison
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Kwadwo Owusu Akuffo
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Niamh Owens
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - David I Thurnham
- Northern Ireland, Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Stephen Beatty
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
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Akuffo KO, Nolan J, Stack J, Moran R, Feeney J, Kenny RA, Peto T, Dooley C, O'Halloran AM, Cronin H, Beatty S. Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the Republic of Ireland. Br J Ophthalmol 2015; 99:1037-44. [PMID: 25712825 PMCID: PMC4518752 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains the most common cause of visual loss among subjects over 50 years of age in the developed world. The Irish Longitudinal study on Ageing (TILDA) is a population-based study of subjects aged 50 years or older, designed to investigate factors that influence ageing, and has enabled this investigation of the prevalence of AMD in the Republic of Ireland (ROI). Methods Data collected from a nationally representative sample of community-living older adults aged 50 years and over in ROI over the period November 2009 to July 2011. 5035 participants attended the TILDA health centre for assessment. Retinal photographs were obtained in 4859 of these participants. Retinal grading was performed in a masked fashion using a modified version of the International Classification and Grading System for AMD. Results Adjusting for lower response rates among older subjects, the estimated overall prevalence of any AMD was 7.2% (95% CI 6.5% to 7.9%) in the population aged 50 years or older. The estimated prevalence of early AMD was 6.6% (95% CI 5.9% to 7.3%), and the estimated prevalence of late AMD was 0.6% (95% CI 0.4% to 0.8%). Statistically significant associations with AMD included increasing age and family history of the condition. Conclusions This is the first study to provide prevalence estimates of AMD in ROI and will inform eye care professionals and policymakers involved in the delivery and planning of care for those afflicted with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwadwo Owusu Akuffo
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - John Nolan
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Jim Stack
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Rachel Moran
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Joanne Feeney
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Department of Medical Gerontology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Department of Medical Gerontology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tunde Peto
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Cara Dooley
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Department of Medical Gerontology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling M O'Halloran
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Department of Medical Gerontology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hilary Cronin
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Department of Medical Gerontology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Beatty
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
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Nolan JM, Loskutova E, Howard A, Mulcahy R, Moran R, Stack J, Bolger M, Coen RF, Dennison J, Akuffo KO, Owens N, Power R, Thurnham D, Beatty S. The Impact of Supplemental Macular Carotenoids in Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 44:1157-69. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-142265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Nolan
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Ekaterina Loskutova
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Alan Howard
- Howard Foundation, Cambridge, UK
- Downing College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Riona Mulcahy
- University Hospital Waterford, Age-Related Care Unit, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Rachel Moran
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Jim Stack
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Maggie Bolger
- University Hospital Waterford, Age-Related Care Unit, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Robert F. Coen
- Mercer's Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jessica Dennison
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Kwadwo Owusu Akuffo
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Niamh Owens
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Rebecca Power
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - David Thurnham
- Northern Ireland, Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Stephen Beatty
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
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Akuffo KO, Beatty S, Stack J, Dennison J, O'Regan S, Meagher KA, Peto T, Nolan J. Central Retinal Enrichment Supplementation Trials (CREST): design and methodology of the CREST randomized controlled trials. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2014; 21:111-23. [PMID: 24621122 PMCID: PMC4002658 DOI: 10.3109/09286586.2014.888085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The Central Retinal Enrichment Supplementation Trials (CREST) aim to investigate the potential impact of macular pigment (MP) enrichment, following supplementation with a formulation containing 10 mg lutein (L), 2 mg zeaxanthin (Z) and 10 mg meso-zeaxanthin (MZ), on visual function in normal subjects (Trial 1) and in subjects with early age-related macular degeneration (AMD; Trial 2). Methods CREST is a single center, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Trial 1 (12-month follow-up) subjects are randomly assigned to a formulation containing 10 mg L, 10 mg MZ and 2 mg Z (n = 60) or placebo (n = 60). Trial 2 (24-month follow-up) subjects are randomly assigned to a formulation containing 10 mg L, 10 mg MZ, 2 mg Z plus 500 mg vitamin C, 400 IU vitamin E, 25 mg zinc and 2 mg copper (Intervention A; n = 75) or 10 mg L and 2 mg Z plus 500 mg vitamin C, 400 IU vitamin E, 25 mg zinc and 2 mg copper (Intervention B; n = 75). Contrast sensitivity (CS) at 6 cycles per degree represents the primary outcome measure in each trial. Secondary outcomes include: CS at other spatial frequencies, MP, best-corrected visual acuity, glare disability, photostress recovery, light scatter, cognitive function, foveal architecture, serum carotenoid concentrations, and subjective visual function. For Trial 2, AMD morphology, reading speed and reading acuity are also being recorded. Conclusions CREST is the first study to investigate the impact of supplementation with all three macular carotenoids in the context of a large, double-blind, randomized clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwadwo Owusu Akuffo
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology , Waterford , Ireland and
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Stack J, Hegarty K, Murphy G, O’Sullivan M, Fanning L, Healy L, Daly M, Harney S, Shanahan F, Molloy M. THU0014 Association between a polymorphism in the fractalkine receptor, CX3CR1, and rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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McGiven J, Taylor A, Duncombe L, Sayers R, Albert D, Banai M, Blasco JM, Elena S, Fretin D, Garin-Bastuji B, Melzer F, Muñoz PM, Nielsen K, Nicola A, Scacchia M, Tittarelli M, Dias IT, Walravens K, Stack J. The first International Standard anti-Brucella melitensis Serum. REV SCI TECH OIE 2011; 30:809-819. [PMID: 22435193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) requested an International Standard anti-Brucella melitensis Serum (ISaBmS) to standardise diagnostic tests and reagents for sheep and goats. The agreed criteria were the highest dilution (in negative serum) of the standard which must give a positive result and the lowest dilution (in negative serum) which must simultaneously give a negative result. The two dilutions for each assay were, respectively: indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) 1/64 and 1/750, competitive ELISA (cELISA) 1/8 and 1/300, fluorescent polarisation assay (FPA) 1/16 and 1/200, Rose Bengal test (RBT) 1/16 and 1/200. The OIE International Standard Serum (OIEISS) will remain the primary standard for the RBT; the ISaBmS is an additional standard. It was impossible to set criteria for the complement fixation test, therefore the OIEISS will remain the primary standard. The ISaBmS can be used to standardise iELISA, cELISA and FPA to diagnose sheep and goat brucellosis. This standard should facilitate harmonisation of tests used for brucellosis surveillance and international trade in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J McGiven
- Animal Health Veterinary Laboratories Agency (OIE/FAO Reference Laboratory), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
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Ward D, Jackson R, Karomatullo H, Khakimov T, Kurbonov K, Amirbekov M, Stack J, El-Idrissi A, Heuer C. Brucellosis control in Tajikistan using Rev 1 vaccine: change in seroprevalence in small ruminants from 2004 to 2009. Vet Rec 2011; 170:100. [PMID: 22121155 DOI: 10.1136/vr.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cross-sectional serological surveys of 13,006 small ruminants were conducted in 2003 to establish baseline levels of seropositivity to brucellosis and of 12,102 again in 2009 to evaluate the efficacy of controls based on biannual conjunctival vaccination with Rev 1. Seroprevalence dropped by 80 per cent in five years in eight pilot programme districts where vaccination was generally well implemented, and the prevalence of households with evidence of infection in their animals dropped from 25.1 to 7.5 per cent. Seroprevalence was reduced by 40 per cent in 10 districts where vaccination was intermittent with low coverage during some seasons. There were no changes in 19 districts where no vaccinations were carried out. Sheep vaccinated one or more times were found to be 2.5 times more likely to be serotest positive than were non-vaccinated sheep, whereas vaccinated goats were 6.4 times more likely to be serotest positive than non-vaccinated goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ward
- Food & Agriculture Organization of the U. N, Animal Production and Health, Rome, Italy.
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Charalampidou S, Nolan J, Loughman J, Stack J, Higgins G, Cassidy L, Beatty S. Psychophysical impact and optical and morphological characteristics of symptomatic non-advanced cataract. Eye (Lond) 2011; 25:1147-54. [PMID: 21660066 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2011.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether psychophysical, morphological, and/or optical characteristics of symptomatic non-advanced cataract are complementary to, or more appropriate than, visual acuity (VA) for the purposes of recording visual data that reflect subjective visual difficulty in patients with cataract that exhibit relative sparing of high contrast acuity (0.4 logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) scale or better). METHODS Eighty-two patients with symptomatic non-advanced cataract and no other ocular pathology were asked to complete a validated questionnaire, and to perform a series of visual function assessments including: corrected distance VA (CDVA); photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity; photopic and mesopic glare disability (GD); reading acuity and reading speed; stereoacuity; and retinal sensitivity. Optical and morphological characteristics of the cataract were evaluated by lens optical density and by the Lens Opacities Classification System III, respectively. Correlations between questionnaire score and each of these measures were calculated. RESULTS Statistically significant negative correlations were observed between the Rasch-scaled questionnaire score and mesopic GD (at 3 and 6 cycles per degree (cpd); r=-0.396 (P<0.01) and -0.451 (P<0.05), respectively) and between the Rasch-scaled questionnaire score and photopic GD (at 3 and 6 cpd; r=-0.328 (P<0.01) and -0.440 (P<0.01), respectively). CONCLUSION Symptomatic non-advanced cataract, in the presence of good CDVA, is associated with measurable subjective visual difficulty, best reflected in a decrease in mesopic and photopic GD (at medium spatial frequencies). CDVA does not reflect the patient's visual dissatisfaction in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Charalampidou
- Institute of Eye Surgery, Whitfield Clinic, Waterford, Ireland.
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Charalampidou S, Loughman J, Nolan J, Stack J, Cassidy L, Pesudovs K, Beatty S. Prognostic indicators and outcome measures for surgical removal of symptomatic nonadvanced cataract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 129:1155-61. [PMID: 21555598 DOI: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report changes in perceived visual functioning after surgery for symptomatic cataract with preoperative corrected distance visual acuity [CDVA] of 0.4 logMAR or better (Snellen equivalent, 20/50) and to investigate the relationship between any observed changes and preoperative physical characteristics and psychophysical consequences of the lens opacity and any changes in psychophysical findings after the procedure. METHODS Eighty-five patients with cataract completed a validated questionnaire concerning functional vision satisfaction and a series of visual performance assessments before and 2 months after cataract surgery. The lens optical density and Lens Opacities Classification System III score of the cataract were recorded. Correlations between changes in the Rasch-analyzed questionnaire score and changes in visual performance after cataract surgery, as well as preoperative psychophysical measures, lens optical density, and Lens Opacities Classification System III score, were determined. RESULTS The mean (SD) questionnaire score improved from 2.15 (0.36) to 1.54 (0.41) (P < .001). The preoperative questionnaire score (r = -0.44), preoperative mesopic glare disability [GD] (at 1.5 cycles per degree [cpd] [r = 0.34] and 3.0 cpd [r = 0.27]), and preoperative photopic GD (at 1.5 cpd [r = 0.24] and 3.0 cpd [r = 0.30]) showed statistically significant correlations with perceived improvements in visual functioning after surgery (P < .05). Changes in perceived visual functioning correlated significantly with changes in mesopic GD (at 1.5 cpd [r = -0.43] and 3.0 cpd [r = -0.28]; P < .05) and photopic GD (at 1.5 cpd [r = -0.24] and 3.0 cpd [r = -0.39]; P < .05). Neither preoperative CDVA nor change in CDVA after surgery correlated significantly with perceived improvement in visual functioning after the procedure (P > .05 for both). CONCLUSION Psychophysical tests alternative to CDVA better represent improvements in self-reported visual functioning following removal of symptomatic nonadvanced cataract.
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Nolan JM, Loughman J, Akkali MC, Stack J, Scanlon G, Davison P, Beatty S. The impact of macular pigment augmentation on visual performance in normal subjects: COMPASS. Vision Res 2011; 51:459-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2010.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Molloy A, Kinsella K, Turbridy N, Hutchinson M, Duggan M, De Gascun CF, Lonergan R, Stack J, Hall W. POI09 Trends in BK and JC polyomavirus and relationship to CD4+/CD8+ ratio in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis on natalizumab therapy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.226340.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Murphy G, Daly M, O'Sullivan M, Stack J, Rowczenio D, Lachmann H, Shanahan F, Harney S, Hawkins P, Molloy M. An unusual phenotype in Muckle-Wells syndrome associated with NLRP3 E311K. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010; 50:419-20. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Charalampidou S, Cassidy L, Ng E, Loughman J, Nolan J, Stack J, Beatty S. Effect on refractive outcomes after cataract surgery of intraocular lens constant personalization using the Haigis formula. J Cataract Refract Surg 2010; 36:1081-9. [PMID: 20610083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2009.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify the effect on refractive outcomes after cataract surgery of personalization of Haigis intraocular lens (IOL) constants for a given surgeon-IOL combination. SETTING Institute of Eye Surgery and Institute of Vision Research, Whitfield Clinic, Butlerstown North, Waterford, Ireland. METHODS Personalization of Haigis IOL constants was performed using a series of 248 suitable eyes after biometry by partial coherence interferometry (IOLMaster) and IOL prediction based on optimized IOL constants derived from pooled data from the User Group for Laser Interference Biometry web site. A mean error of prediction and a mean absolute error were then calculated using the personalized IOL constants and compared with those derived using optimized IOL constants, allowing evaluation and quantification of the maximum realizable refractive benefits (if any) of personalization. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between personalized and optimized Haigis IOL constants in absolute error or the proportion of eyes within +/-1.00 diopters (D), +/-0.50 D, or +/-0.25 D of the target postoperative refraction in all eyes, short eyes (axial length [AL] <22 mm; n = 19), average eyes (AL > or =22 mm and <24.5 mm; n = 149), or long eyes (AL >24.5 mm; n = 46) (all P>.05, McNemar test). Ten eyes with a short AL had a smaller absolute error (by > or =0.30 D) in association with personalized IOL constants. CONCLUSION Personalized Haigis IOL constants showed marginal, but statistically nonsignificant, refractive advantages over optimized Haigis IOL constants, but only in eyes with a short AL. FINANCIAL DISCLAIMER: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Charalampidou
- Institute of Eye Surgery and Institute of Vision Research, Whitfield Clinic, Waterford, Ireland.
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Kirby ML, Beatty S, Loane E, Akkali MC, Connolly EE, Stack J, Nolan JM. A central dip in the macular pigment spatial profile is associated with age and smoking. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51:6722-8. [PMID: 20592234 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-5344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between specific macular pigment (MP) spatial profiles and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS The MP spatial profile of 484 healthy subjects was measured with customized heterochromatic flicker photometry (cHFP) and categorized into one of two profile types: typical exponential or atypical "central dip." Data on risk factors for AMD were obtained with a general health and lifestyle questionnaire. Dietary and serum concentrations of lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) were also assessed. RESULTS The presence of the central dip MP spatial profile was significantly more common in older subjects (the mean ± SD age of subjects with a central dip MP spatial profile was 46.9 ± 12 years, whereas the mean age of subjects with a typical MP spatial profile was 41.8 ± 12 years; P = 0.004) and in current cigarette smokers (P = 0.031). Also, there was a significant age-related decline in central MP optical density (MPOD; 0.25° retinal eccentricity), but in the men only (r = -0.146, P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS A central dip in the MP spatial profile, seen in older subjects and in cigarette smokers, may represent an undesirable feature of macular pigmentation. Further research is needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Kirby
- Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
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Connolly EE, Beatty S, Thurnham DI, Loughman J, Howard AN, Stack J, Nolan JM. Augmentation of macular pigment following supplementation with all three macular carotenoids: an exploratory study. Curr Eye Res 2010; 35:335-51. [PMID: 20373901 DOI: 10.3109/02713680903521951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE At the macula, the carotenoids meso-zeaxanthin (MZ), lutein (L), and zeaxanthin (Z) are collectively referred to as macular pigment (MP). This study was designed to measure serum and macular responses to a macular carotenoid formulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten subjects were recruited into this study (five normal and five with early age-related macular degeneration [AMD]). Subjects were instructed to consume a formulation containing 7.3 mg of MZ, 3.7 mg of L, and 0.8 mg of Z everyday over an eight-week period. The spatial profile of MP optical density (i.e., MPOD at 0.25 degrees , 0.5 degrees , 1 degrees , and 1.75 degrees ) was measured using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry, and a blood sample was collected at each study visit in order to analyze serum concentrations of MZ, L, and Z. RESULTS There was a significant increase in serum concentrations of MZ and L after two weeks of supplementation (p < 0.05). Baseline serum carotenoid analysis detected a small peak eluting at the same time as MZ in all subjects, with a mean +/- SD of 0.02 +/- 0.01 micromol/L. We report significant increases in MPOD at 0.25 degrees , 0.5 degrees , 1 degree , and average MPOD across its spatial profile after just two weeks of supplementation (p < 0.05, for all). Four subjects (one normal and three AMD) who had an atypical MPOD spatial profile (i.e., central dip) at baseline had the more typical MPOD spatial profile (i.e., highest MPOD at the center) after eight weeks of supplementation. CONCLUSION We report significant increases in serum concentrations of MZ and L following supplementation with MZ, L, and Z and a significant increase in MPOD, including its spatial profile, after two weeks of supplementation. Also, this study has detected the possible presence of MZ in human serum pre-supplementation and the ability of the study carotenoid formulation to rebuild central MPOD in subjects who have atypical profiles at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eithne E Connolly
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland.
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Neff K, Stack J, Harney S, Henry M. The use of abatacept in debilitating cavitating lung disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis, bronchocentric granulomatosis and aspergillosis. Thorax 2010; 65:545-6. [DOI: 10.1136/thx.2009.128710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Stack J, McLaughlin P, Sinnot C, Henry M, MacEneaney P, Eltahir A, Harney S. Successful control of scleroderma myocarditis using a combination of cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone. Scand J Rheumatol 2010; 39:349-50. [DOI: 10.3109/03009740903493741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Nolan JM, O'Reilly P, Loughman J, Stack J, Loane E, Connolly E, Beatty S. Augmentation of macular pigment following implantation of blue light-filtering intraocular lenses at the time of cataract surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50:4777-85. [PMID: 19628740 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-3277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE (Photo)-oxidative stress is believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), with the threshold for retinal damage being lowest for short-wavelength (blue) light. Macular pigment (MP), consisting of the carotenoids lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z) and meso-Z, has a maximum absorption at 460 nm and protects the retina from (photo)-oxidative injury. This study was designed to investigate whether the blue light-filtering properties of the Alcon AcrySof Natural intraocular lens (ANIOL) implanted during cataract surgery affects MP optical density (MPOD). METHODS Forty-two patients scheduled for cataract surgery were recruited for the study. These patients all had a preoperative best corrected visual acuity rating (BCVAR) of at least 0.5 (logMAR) in the study eye. The patients were randomized to have either the standard Alcon AcrySof three-piece acrylic intraocular lens (AIOL) (controls) or the ANIOL implanted at the time of cataract surgery. The spatial profile of MPOD (i.e., at 0.25 degrees, 0.5 degrees, 1.0 degrees, and 1.75 degrees eccentricity) was measured with customized heterochromatic flicker photometry (cHFP) 1 week before and 1 week after surgery, and at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Serum concentrations of L and Z were also measured at each study visit. RESULTS There was a highly significant and positive correlation between all MPODs (e.g., at 0.25 degrees) recorded 1 week before and after surgery in eyes with an AIOL implant (r = 0.915, P < 0.01; paired samples t-test, P = 0.631) and in those ANIOL implants (r = 0.868, P < 0.01; paired samples t-test, P = 0.719). Average MPOD across the retina increased significantly with time (after 3 months) in the ANIOL group (repeated-measures, general linear model, P < 0.05), but remained stable in the AIOL group (repeated-measures, general linear model, P > 0.05). There were no significant time or lens effects observed for serum L over the study period (P > 0.05). There was a significant time effect for serum Z over the study period (P < 0.05), but not a significant time/lens interaction (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Customized HFP can reliably measure the MPOD spatial profile in the presence of lens opacity, and cataract surgery does not artifactually alter MPOD readings. This study also provides evidence that implanting an IOL that filters blue light is associated with augmentation of MPOD in the absence of raised serum concentrations of L and Z. However, further and longitudinal study is needed to assess whether the observed increase in MPOD after implantation of blue-filtering IOLs is associated with reduced risk of AMD development and/or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Nolan
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To compare macular pigment optical density using two different heterochromatic flicker photometers. METHODS We measured macular pigment optical density in 121 healthy subjects using heterochromatic flicker photometry. RESULTS The mean (+/-SD) macular pigment optical density measured using the Maculometer was 0.394 (+/-0.170), and that using the Densitometer was 0.395 (+/-0.189). The difference in measurements on each instrument was influenced by age and macular pigment levels. CONCLUSIONS On average, there is no difference in measurements provided by these two instruments. The Maculometer tends to underestimate macular pigment in older subjects and/or those with higher macular pigment compared with the Densitometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Loane
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical & Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland.
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Nolan JM, Stack J, Mellerio J, Godhinio M, O'Donovan O, Neelam K, Beatty S. Monthly Consistency of Macular Pigment Optical Density and Serum Concentrations of Lutein and Zeaxanthin. Curr Eye Res 2009; 31:199-213. [PMID: 16500771 DOI: 10.1080/02713680500514677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was undertaken to assess serial month-to-month consistency of macular pigment (MP) optical density and serum concentrations of lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z). Four healthy subjects aged between 23 and 51 years volunteered to participate in this study. METHODS MP optical density (measured psychophysically using heterochromatic flicker photometry [HFP]), and serum concentrations of L and Z (quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC]), were recorded every month for 24 consecutive months. RESULTS Mean MP optical density (+/-SD) was 0.361 (0.086) and 0.369 (0.074) for right and left eyes, respectively. There was no statistically significant seasonal variation in MP optical density for the group (two-way ANOVA: p>0.05). Serum concentrations of L and Z demonstrated a statistically significant subject-season interaction effect (two-way ANOVA: p<0.01). Serial serum concentrations of L and Z were positively correlated within all four subjects (r=0.370 to 0.786), and significantly so for three subjects (p<0.05). There was no obvious relationship, synchronous or lagged, between serum concentrations of L (or Z) and MP optical density (r=-0.036 to 0.368). CONCLUSIONS MP optical density was relatively stable for all subjects over the 24-month period. Fluctuations in serum concentrations of L and Z, in the absence of dietary modification or supplementation, are associated with stable MP optical density.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Nolan
- Macular Pigment Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, and Department of Ophthalmology, Waterford Regional Hospital, Ireland.
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Cadmus SIB, Adesokan HK, Stack J. The use of the milk ring test and rose bengal test in brucellosis control and eradication in Nigeria. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2009; 79:113-5. [PMID: 19244818 DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v79i3.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, milk and blood samples collected simultaneously from 532 trade cows to be slaughtered at Bodija abattoir, Ibadan (southwestern, Nigeria) were examined for antibodies to Brucella using the milk ring test (MRT) and the rose bengal test (RBT). Overall, 18.61% of the milk samples were positive according to the MRT, while 9.77% of the serum samples were positive according to the RBT. The difference was highly significant (Chi-square value 16.33; P < 0.05); only 32 (6.02%) of the samples were positive for both tests. The Red Bororo breed of cattle and the White Fulani had the highest positive rates, namely 20.93% and 11.69% for the MRT and RBT respectively. No conclusion can be drawn about sensitivity because we do not know the true status of the animals tested. It is, however, obvious that although the MRT and RBT are 1st-line screening tests for brucellosis in cows in some countries, their lack of specificity is of concern. Therefore, the requirement for other confirmatory tests that are more specific should be considered for control and eradication of the disease, especially in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I B Cadmus
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Groarke JD, Gallagher J, Stack J, Aftab A, Dwyer C, McGovern R, Courtney G. Use of an admission early warning score to predict patient morbidity and mortality and treatment success. Emerg Med J 2008; 25:803-6. [DOI: 10.1136/emj.2007.051425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kirby ML, Galea M, Loane E, Stack J, Beatty S, Nolan JM. Foveal anatomic associations with the secondary peak and the slope of the macular pigment spatial profile. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 50:1383-91. [PMID: 18936143 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-2494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the reproducibility of the macular pigment (MP) spatial profile by using heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP) and to relate the MP spatial profile to foveal architecture. METHODS Sixteen healthy subjects (nine had the typical exponential MP spatial profile [group 1]; seven had a secondary peak MP spatial profile [group 2]) were recruited. The MP spatial profile was measured on three separate occasions. Six radiance measurements were obtained at each locus (0.25 degrees , 0.5 degrees , 1 degrees , and 1.75 degrees eccentricity; reference point, 7 degrees ). Foveal architecture was assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT). RESULTS Subjects who had the typical decline profile, had this profile after averaging repeated measures (group 1). Subjects who had a secondary peak, displayed the secondary peak after repeated measures were averaged (group 2). Mean SD foveal width in group 1 was significantly narrower than mean SD foveal width in group 2 (1306 +/- 240 microm and 1915 +/- 161 microm, respectively; P < 0.01). This difference remained after adjustment for sex (P < 0.001). Foveal width was significantly related to mean foveal MP, with adjustment for sex (r = 0.588, P = 0.021). Foveal profile slope was significantly related to MP spatial profile slope, after removal of an outlier (r = 0.591, P = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS HFP reproducibly measures MP spatial profile. Secondary peaks seen in the MP spatial profile cannot be attributed to measurement error and are associated with wider foveas. The slope of an individual's MP spatial profile is related to foveal slope, with a steeper MP distribution associated with a steeper foveal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Kirby
- Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland.
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Gallagher J, Waldron Lynch F, Stack J, Barragry J. Dress and address: patient preferences regarding doctor's style of dress and patient interaction. Ir Med J 2008; 101:211-213. [PMID: 18807811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We sought to determine patient preferences regarding doctor's dress styles and mode of doctors introducing themselves to patients and addressing patients. A survey of patients attending a general medical/endocrinology outpatient clinic in a tertiary referral hospital over a 6 week period was performed. 124 people completed the survey (62 male, 62 female). Mean age was 52.3 years (Range 19-84). Patients preferred to be addressed by their first name while they prefer doctors to introduce themselves by their first and last name. However the majority of patients found all forms of doctors introducing themselves acceptable. Patients preferred formal attire for both male and female doctors, with a white coat being the most preferred option. 84.5% of patients felt that doctors should wear name badges in a clearly visible place although only 26% of patients saw name badges always or almost always during a consultation. This study raises important points regarding the doctor patient interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gallagher
- Department of Endocrinology, AMNCH, Tallaght, Dublin.
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