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Salazar-Bermeo J, Moreno-Chamba B, Martínez-Madrid MC, Valero M, Rodrigo-García J, Hosseinian F, Martín-Bermudo F, Aguado M, de la Torre R, Martí N, Saura D. Preventing Mislabeling: A Comparative Chromatographic Analysis for Classifying Medical and Industrial Cannabis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083552. [PMID: 37110787 PMCID: PMC10143857 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gas chromatography (GC) techniques for analyzing and determining the cannabinoid profile in cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) are widely used in standard laboratories; however, these methods may mislabel the profile when used under rapid conditions. Our study aimed to highlight this problem and optimize GC column conditions and mass spectrometry (MS) parameters to accurately identify cannabinoids in both standards and forensic samples. The method was validated for linearity, selectivity, and precision. It was observed that when tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiolic acid (CBD-A) were examined using rapid GC conditions, the resulting derivatives generated identical retention times. Wider chromatographic conditions were applied. The linear range for each compound ranged from 0.02 μg/mL to 37.50 μg/mL. The R2 values ranged from 0.996 to 0.999. The LOQ values ranged from 0.33 μg/mL to 5.83 μg/mL, and the LOD values ranged from 0.11 μg/mL to 1.92 μg/mL. The precision values ranged from 0.20% to 8.10% RSD. In addition, forensic samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) in an interlaboratory comparison test, with higher CBD and THC content than GC-MS determination (p < 0.05) in samples. Overall, this study highlights the importance of optimizing GC techniques to avoid mislabeling cannabinoids in cannabis samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Salazar-Bermeo
- IDiBE, Institute for R&D in Health Biotechnology of Elche, University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Avda. de la Universidad, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Mitra Sol Technologies S.L. Parque Científico y Empresarial UMH, Edificio Quorum III, Avda. de la Universidad, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Instituto de Ingeniería de Alimentos para el Desarrollo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Avenida Fausto Elio s/n, Edificio 8E, Acceso F Planta 0, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Bryan Moreno-Chamba
- IDiBE, Institute for R&D in Health Biotechnology of Elche, University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Avda. de la Universidad, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Mitra Sol Technologies S.L. Parque Científico y Empresarial UMH, Edificio Quorum III, Avda. de la Universidad, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Instituto de Ingeniería de Alimentos para el Desarrollo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Avenida Fausto Elio s/n, Edificio 8E, Acceso F Planta 0, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Concepción Martínez-Madrid
- IDiBE, Institute for R&D in Health Biotechnology of Elche, University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Avda. de la Universidad, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Manuel Valero
- IDiBE, Institute for R&D in Health Biotechnology of Elche, University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Avda. de la Universidad, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Joaquín Rodrigo-García
- Departament of Health Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico
| | - Farah Hosseinian
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Francisco Martín-Bermudo
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Aguado
- Mitra Sol Technologies S.L. Parque Científico y Empresarial UMH, Edificio Quorum III, Avda. de la Universidad, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Rosa de la Torre
- CTAEX, National AgriFood Technological Center "Extremadura", Carretera Villafranco-Balboa, Km 1.2, 06195 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Nuria Martí
- IDiBE, Institute for R&D in Health Biotechnology of Elche, University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Avda. de la Universidad, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Domingo Saura
- IDiBE, Institute for R&D in Health Biotechnology of Elche, University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Avda. de la Universidad, 03202 Elche, Spain
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Muñoz-Bernal ÓA, Vazquez-Flores AA, de la Rosa LA, Rodrigo-García J, Martínez-Ruiz NR, Alvarez-Parrilla E. Enriched Red Wine: Phenolic Profile, Sensory Evaluation and In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061194. [PMID: 36981121 PMCID: PMC10048746 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial health effect of red wine depends on its phenolic content and the phenolic content in red wines is affected by ecological, agricultural, and enological practices. Enriched wines have been proposed as an alternative to increase the phenolic content in wines. Nevertheless, phenolic compounds are related to the sensory characteristics of red wines, so enrichment of red wines requires a balance between phenolic content and sensory characteristics. In the present study, a Merlot red wine was enriched with a phenolic extract obtained from Cabernet Sauvignon grape pomace. Two levels of enrichment were evaluated: 4 and 8 g/L of total phenolic content (gallic acid equivalents, GAE). Wines were evaluated by a trained panel to determine their sensory profile (olfactive, visual, taste, and mouthfeel phases). The bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds from enriched red wines was evaluated using an in vitro digestive model and phenolic compounds were quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Enrichment increased mainly flavonols and procyanidins. Such an increase impacted astringency and sweetness perceived by judges. This study proposes an alternative to increase the phenolic content in wines without modifying other main sensory characteristics and offers a potential beneficial effect on the health of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar A. Muñoz-Bernal
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf s/n, Fovisste Chamizal, Ciudad Juárez C.P. 32300, Mexico
| | - Alma A. Vazquez-Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf s/n, Fovisste Chamizal, Ciudad Juárez C.P. 32300, Mexico
| | - Laura A. de la Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf s/n, Fovisste Chamizal, Ciudad Juárez C.P. 32300, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Rodrigo-García
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf s/n, Fovisste Chamizal, Ciudad Juárez C.P. 32300, Mexico
| | - Nina R. Martínez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf s/n, Fovisste Chamizal, Ciudad Juárez C.P. 32300, Mexico
| | - Emilio Alvarez-Parrilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf s/n, Fovisste Chamizal, Ciudad Juárez C.P. 32300, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(656)-688-21-00 (ext. 1562)
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3
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Valero-Galván J, González-Fernández R, Sigala-Hernández A, Núñez-Gastélum JA, Ruiz-May E, Rodrigo-García J, Larqué-Saavedra A, Martínez-Ruiz NDR. Sensory attributes, physicochemical and antioxidant characteristics, and protein profile of wild prickly pear fruits (O. macrocentra Engelm., O. phaeacantha Engelm., and O. engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelmann.) and commercial prickly pear fruits (O. ficus-indica (L.) Mill.). Food Res Int 2021; 140:109909. [PMID: 33648207 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mexico presents the highest richness of Opuntia Mill. species. These species are an important economic factor for the country, and source of nutrients, bioactive compounds, pigments, and nutraceuticals which can be of interest for the food and pharmaceutical industry. However, there are some wild Opuntia species in the Chihuahua desert, that have not been analyzed to establish their properties and potential use. The aim of study was to evaluate the sensory, physicochemical and protein profile in wild prickly pear fruits (O. macrocentra Engelm. (OM), O. phaeacantha Engelm. (OP), and O. engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelmann. (OE)) from Samalayuca, Chihuahua and compare them with two commercial prickly pear fruits (O. ficus-indica (L.) Mill. (green-OFG, red-OFR). The sensory profile of wild species was characterized by highest color, odor, and sour taste compared to the commercial fruits. Pulp, peel, and seeds from wild prickly pear fruits showed lower pH, and higher titratable total acidity, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, protein, lipids, ash, carbohydrates (only peel), and crude fiber content than commercial Opuntia species. Furthermore, O. engelmannii showed a tendency to present the highest betacyanins, betaxanthins, and betalains contents. A total of 181, 122, 113, 183 and 140 different proteins were identified in OM, OP, OE, OFG, OFR species, respectively. All species showed the highest enrichment in three main pathways such as amino acids biosynthesis, glycolysis (dark)/gluconeogenesis (light), and the citric acid cycle. The wild prickly pear fruits of this study showed important nutritional, protein, and antioxidant properties with biological interest, and can be a potential source of functional ingredients and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Valero-Galván
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, C.P. 32310 Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Raquel González-Fernández
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, C.P. 32310 Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Alejandro Sigala-Hernández
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, C.P. 32310 Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - José Alberto Núñez-Gastélum
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, C.P. 32310 Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Eliel Ruiz-May
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Congregación el Haya, C.P. 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - Joaquín Rodrigo-García
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, C.P. 32310 Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Alfonso Larqué-Saavedra
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. (CICY), Calle 43, No. 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Nina Del Rocío Martínez-Ruiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, C.P. 32310 Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
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4
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Muñoz-Bernal ÓA, Coria-Oliveros AJ, de la Rosa LA, Rodrigo-García J, Del Rocío Martínez-Ruiz N, Sayago-Ayerdi SG, Alvarez-Parrilla E. Cardioprotective effect of red wine and grape pomace. Food Res Int 2020; 140:110069. [PMID: 33648292 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have related moderate consumption of red wine with prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). According to epidemiological studies, those regions with high consumption of red wine and a Mediterranean diet show a low prevalence of CVD. Such an effect has been attributed to phenolic compounds present in red wines. On the other hand, by-products obtained during winemaking are also a significant source of phenolic compounds but have been otherwise overlooked. The cardioprotective effect of red wine and its byproducts is related to their ability to prevent platelet aggregation, modify the lipid profile, and promote vasorelaxation. Phenolic content and profile seem to play an important role in these beneficial effects. Inhibition of platelet aggregation is dose-dependent and more efficient against ADP. The antioxidant capacity of phenolic compounds from red wine and its by-products, is involved in preventing the generation of ROS and the modification of the lipid profile, to prevent LDL oxidation. Phenolic compounds can also, modulate the activity of specific enzymes to promote NO production and vasorelaxation. Specific phenolic compounds like resveratrol are related to promote NO, and quercetin to inhibit platelet aggregation. Nevertheless, concentration that causes those effects is far from that in red wines. Synergic and additive effects of a mix of phenolic compounds could explain the cardioprotective effects of red wine and its byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar A Muñoz-Bernal
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, C.P. 32310, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Alma J Coria-Oliveros
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, C.P. 32310, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Laura A de la Rosa
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, C.P. 32310, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Rodrigo-García
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, C.P. 32310, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Nina Del Rocío Martínez-Ruiz
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, C.P. 32310, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Sonia G Sayago-Ayerdi
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico No 2595, Col. Lagos del Country, CP 63175, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Emilio Alvarez-Parrilla
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, C.P. 32310, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
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Plenge-Tellechea LF, Acosta-Lara S, Rodrigo-García J, Álvarez-Parrilla E, Meléndez-Martínez D, Gatica-Colima A, Sierra-Fonseca JA. Cytoprotective effects of creosote bush ( Larrea tridentata) and Southern live oak ( Quercus virginiana) extracts against toxicity induced by venom of the black-tailed rattlesnake ( Crotalus ornatus). Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:1698-1706. [PMID: 33297789 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1856864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The venom of Crotalus ornatus (vCo) poses a threat to human health, as it contains a mixture of toxins that can cause cytotoxic, necrotic, and hemolytic effects. The present study assessed methanolic and acetone extracts from leaves and flowers of Larrea tridentata, as well as the bark of Quercus virginiana as potential suppressors of the toxic effects of vCo in vitro. The content of total phenols, flavonoids, and tannins of the plant extracts were quantified for the suppression of vCo cytotoxicity in two cell culture models, human lymphocytes and porcine aortic endothelial (PAE) cells. Extracts from Q. virginiana displayed a greater concentration of total phenols, flavonoids, and tannins. Co-incubation of lymphocytes and PAE cells with fixed concentrations of vCo and plant extracts resulted in decreased vCo-induced cytotoxicity. A 24-hour co-incubation of lymphocytes with vCo (2.36 ± 0.17 µg/mL) and 0.5 µg/mL of methanolic leaf extract from L. tridentata (LLM) significantly suppressed the venom-induced cytotoxicity by 37.33 ± 8.33%. Similarly, the LLM extract (4 µg/mL) caused a significant decrease in vCo cytotoxicity after 24 hours in PAE cells. In contrast, while the acetone extract of Q. virginiana bark (QA) suppressed cytotoxicity by 29.20 ± 3.51% (p < 0.001) in lymphocytes, it failed to protect PAE cells against vCo after 24 hours. In PAE cells, a shorter 4-hour co-incubation showed significant suppression of cytotoxicity with both extracts. Our results collectively suggest that LLM and QA possess cytoprotective properties against the in vitro toxic effects of vCo, and thus establish extracts from these plants as potential therapeutic interventions against Crotalus envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Acosta-Lara
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México
| | - Joaquín Rodrigo-García
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México
| | - Emilio Álvarez-Parrilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México
| | - David Meléndez-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México
| | - Ana Gatica-Colima
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México
| | - Jorge A Sierra-Fonseca
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México
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Elvira-Torales LI, Navarro-González I, Rodrigo-García J, Seva J, García-Alonso J, Periago-Castón MJ. Consumption of Spinach and Tomato Modifies Lipid Metabolism, Reducing Hepatic Steatosis in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111041. [PMID: 33114278 PMCID: PMC7690917 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently a serious and growing clinical problem in developed and developing countries and is considered one of the most frequent chronic liver diseases in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functionality of dietary carotenoids provided by tomato and spinach in the dietary treatment of steatosis. Twenty-two Sprague-Dawley rats with induced steatosis were grouped into three groups and fed standard diet (CD group) and two experimental diets supplemented with 12.75% (LC12.75 group) and 25.5% (HC25.5 group) of a mixture of spinach and tomato powder. Rats fed carotenoid-rich feeds showed an improvement in the plasma biomarkers of steatosis, with lower levels of glucose, total cholesterol, VLDL, TG, proteins, ALT and AST. Likewise, a decrease in oxidative stress was observed, with a significant reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma (up to 54%), liver (up to 51.42%) and urine (up to 78.89%) (p < 0.05) and an increase in plasma antioxidant capacity (ORAC) (up to 73.41%) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, carotenoid-rich diets led to an accumulation of carotenoids in the liver and were inversely correlated with the content of total cholesterol and hepatic triglycerides, increasing the concentrations of MUFA and PUFA (up to 32.6% and 48%, respectively) (p < 0.05). The accumulation of carotenoids in the liver caused the modulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism, and we particularly observed an overexpression of ACOX1, APOA1 and NRIH2 (LXR) and the synthesis of the proteins. This study suggests that dietary carotenoids from spinach and tomato aid in the dietary management of steatosis by reversing steatosis biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Inés Elvira-Torales
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital “Virgen de la Arrixaca”, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain; (I.N.-G.); (J.G.-A.)
- Department of Food Engineering, National Technological of Mexico, Tierra Blanca Campus, 95180 Tierra Blanca, Veracruz, Mexico
- Correspondence: (L.I.E.-T.); (M.J.P.-C.); Tel.: +34-8-6888-4793 (M.J.P.-C.)
| | - Inmaculada Navarro-González
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital “Virgen de la Arrixaca”, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain; (I.N.-G.); (J.G.-A.)
| | - Joaquín Rodrigo-García
- Department of Health Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, 32310 Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico;
| | - Juan Seva
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Javier García-Alonso
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital “Virgen de la Arrixaca”, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain; (I.N.-G.); (J.G.-A.)
| | - María Jesús Periago-Castón
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital “Virgen de la Arrixaca”, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain; (I.N.-G.); (J.G.-A.)
- Correspondence: (L.I.E.-T.); (M.J.P.-C.); Tel.: +34-8-6888-4793 (M.J.P.-C.)
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7
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Moreno-Escamilla J, Jimeńez-Hernández FE, Alvarez-Parrilla E, de la Rosa LA, Martínez-Ruiz NDR, González-Fernández R, Orozco-Lucero E, González-Aguilar GA, García-Fajardo JA, Rodrigo-García J. Effect of Elicitation on Polyphenol and Carotenoid Metabolism in Butterhead Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa var. capitata). ACS Omega 2020; 5:11535-11546. [PMID: 32478243 PMCID: PMC7254786 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of elicitation in butterhead lettuce on carotenoid and polyphenol metabolism was evaluated. Different concentrations of arachidonic acid (AA), salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MJ) (15, 45, and 90 μM) and Harpin protein (HP) (30, 60, and 120 mg/L) were applied on red and green butterhead lettuces. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were incremented by MJ (90 μM) in green and red lettuce. Carotenoids were increased in red lettuce (AA; 45 μM). Green lettuce modifies their phenolic acid profile after elicitation with AA and MJ; meanwhile, red lettuce incremented mainly in hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols, MJ being the elicitor with the highest effect. There was an impact on secondary metabolite enzyme gene transcript concentration. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and lycopene beta cyclase (LBC) increased in both varieties after elicitation. A relationship between phytochemical increase and the activation of the metabolic pathways after elicitation in butterhead lettuce was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus
Omar Moreno-Escamilla
- Departamento
de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo
s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México
| | - Fátima Estefanía Jimeńez-Hernández
- Departamento
de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo
s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México
| | - Emilio Alvarez-Parrilla
- Departamento
de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo
s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México
| | - Laura A. de la Rosa
- Departamento
de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo
s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México
| | - Nina del Rocío Martínez-Ruiz
- Departamento
de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo
s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México
| | - Raquel González-Fernández
- Departamento
de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo
s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México
| | - Ernesto Orozco-Lucero
- Departamento
de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto
de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad
Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México
| | - Gustavo A. González-Aguilar
- Coordinación
de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación
y Desarrollo, Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora 8300, México
| | - Jorge A. García-Fajardo
- Centro
de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y
Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. Vía de la Innovación 404, Autopista
Mty-Aeropuerto Km 10, Parque PIIT, Apodaca, Nuevo León 66629, México
| | - Joaquín Rodrigo-García
- Departamento
de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias
Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo
s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, 32310, México
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Muñoz-Bernal Ó, Coria-Oliveros A, Vazquez-Flores A, de la Rosa L, Núñez-Gastélum J, Rodrigo-García J, Ayala-Zavala J, Alvarez-Parrilla E. Evolution of Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Profile during Cold Pre-fermentative Maceration and Subsequent Fermentation of Cabernet Sauvignon Red Wine. S AFR J ENOL VITIC 2020. [DOI: 10.21548/41-1-3778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Subiria-Cueto R, Larqué-Saavedra A, Reyes-Vega ML, de la Rosa LA, Santana-Contreras LE, Gaytán-Martínez M, Vázquez-Flores AA, Rodrigo-García J, Corral-Avitia AY, Núñez-Gastélum JA, Martínez-Ruiz NR. Brosimum alicastrum Sw. (Ramón): An Alternative to Improve the Nutritional Properties and Functional Potential of the Wheat Flour Tortilla. Foods 2019; 8:foods8120613. [PMID: 31771301 PMCID: PMC6963599 DOI: 10.3390/foods8120613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The wheat flour tortilla (WFT) is a Mexican food product widely consumed in the world, despite lacking fiber and micronutrients. Ramón seed flour (RSF) is an underutilized natural resource rich in fiber, minerals and bioactive compounds that can be used to improve properties of starchy foods, such as WFT. The study evaluated the impact of partial replacement of wheat flour with RSF on the physicochemical, sensory, rheological and nutritional properties and antioxidant capacity (AC) of RSF-containing flour tortilla (RFT). Results indicated that RFT (25% RSF) had higher dietary fiber (4.5 times) and mineral (8.8%; potassium 42.8%, copper 33%) content than WFT. Two sensory attributes were significantly different between RTF and WFT, color intensity and rollability. RFT was soft and it was accepted by the consumer. Phenolic compounds (PC) and AC were higher in RFT (11.7 times, 33%–50%, respectively) than WFT. PC identification by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) showed that phenolic acids esterified with quinic acid, such as chlorogenic and other caffeoyl and coumaroyl derivatives were the major PC identified in RSF, resveratrol was also detected. These results show that RSF can be used as an ingredient to improve nutritional and antioxidant properties of traditional foods, such as the WFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Subiria-Cueto
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, C.P. Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico; (R.S.-C.); (L.A.d.l.R.); (L.E.S.-C.); (A.A.V.-F.); (J.R.-G.); (A.Y.C.-A.); (J.A.N.-G.)
| | - Alfonso Larqué-Saavedra
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. (CICY), Calle 43, No. 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. Mérida, Yucatán 97205, Mexico;
| | - María L. Reyes-Vega
- Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Col. Las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76100, Mexico; (M.L.R.-V.); (M.G.-M.)
| | - Laura A. de la Rosa
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, C.P. Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico; (R.S.-C.); (L.A.d.l.R.); (L.E.S.-C.); (A.A.V.-F.); (J.R.-G.); (A.Y.C.-A.); (J.A.N.-G.)
| | - Laura E. Santana-Contreras
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, C.P. Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico; (R.S.-C.); (L.A.d.l.R.); (L.E.S.-C.); (A.A.V.-F.); (J.R.-G.); (A.Y.C.-A.); (J.A.N.-G.)
| | - Marcela Gaytán-Martínez
- Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Col. Las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76100, Mexico; (M.L.R.-V.); (M.G.-M.)
| | - Alma A. Vázquez-Flores
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, C.P. Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico; (R.S.-C.); (L.A.d.l.R.); (L.E.S.-C.); (A.A.V.-F.); (J.R.-G.); (A.Y.C.-A.); (J.A.N.-G.)
| | - Joaquín Rodrigo-García
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, C.P. Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico; (R.S.-C.); (L.A.d.l.R.); (L.E.S.-C.); (A.A.V.-F.); (J.R.-G.); (A.Y.C.-A.); (J.A.N.-G.)
| | - Alba Y. Corral-Avitia
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, C.P. Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico; (R.S.-C.); (L.A.d.l.R.); (L.E.S.-C.); (A.A.V.-F.); (J.R.-G.); (A.Y.C.-A.); (J.A.N.-G.)
| | - José A. Núñez-Gastélum
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, C.P. Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico; (R.S.-C.); (L.A.d.l.R.); (L.E.S.-C.); (A.A.V.-F.); (J.R.-G.); (A.Y.C.-A.); (J.A.N.-G.)
| | - Nina R. Martínez-Ruiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, C.P. Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico; (R.S.-C.); (L.A.d.l.R.); (L.E.S.-C.); (A.A.V.-F.); (J.R.-G.); (A.Y.C.-A.); (J.A.N.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-656-688-1800 (ext. 1979)
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Alvarez-Parrilla E, Contreras-Muñiz F, Rodrigo-García J, De la Rosa LA, García-Fajardo JA, Núñez-Gastélum JA. CINÉTICA DE SECADO Y EFECTO DE LA TEMPERATURA SOBRE LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICAS Y COMPUESTOS FENÓLICOS DE CHILE JALAPEÑO ROJO (Capsicum annuum L.). BIOTECNIA 2019. [DOI: 10.18633/biotecnia.v21i1.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
En este trabajo se evaluó el impacto de cuatro diferentes temperaturas de secado sobre las características físicas y contenido de compuestos fenólicos de chile jalapeño rojo. Para ello se determinaron cinéticas de secado para cada temperatura ensayada (55, 65, 75 y 85°C), monitoreando la humedad residual. Así mismo, se evaluó el contenido de compuestos fenólicos, flavonoides, capacidad antioxidante y perfil de compuestos fenólicos en las muestras por HPLC/MS-ESI-QTOF al inicio y al final de cada proceso de secado. A todas las temperaturas, las cinéticas de secado se ajustaron a los modelos de “Midilli”, “Wang” y “logarítmico”. El coeficiente efectivo de difusividad fue dependiente de la temperatura, obteniendo una energía de activación de 34.66 KJ/mol. Los parámetros colorimétricos se vieron modificados, reflejando la aparición de un color marrón en las muestras secas. El contenido de compuestos fenólicos, flavonoides y la capacidad antioxidante no varió durante el proceso de secado. Por HPLC-MS se identificaron 24 compuestos fenólicos: 13 ácidos fenólicos, 2 antocianinas y 9 flavonoides, mismos que se mantuvieron durante el secado.
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Núñez-Gastélum JA, Hernández-Rivas R, Rodrigo-García J, De la Rosa LA, Alvarez-Parrilla E, Díaz-Sánchez ÁG, Muñoz-Bernal OA, Cota-Ruíz K, Martínez- Martínez A. CONTENIDO DE POLIFENÓLICOS, ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE Y ANTIMICROBIANA DE LA RAÍZ DE Ibervillea sonorae. BIOTECNIA 2018. [DOI: 10.18633/biotecnia.v20i3.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el contenido de polifenólicos, capacidad antioxidante y antimicrobiana de la raíz de Ibervillea sonorae proveniente del estado de Sonora. Se utilizaron cuatro muestras representativas a las cuales se les realizó una extracción con metanol acuoso al 80 %. A los extractos se les determinó el contenido de polifenoles y flavonoides totales, además de la capacidad antioxidante por los métodos de DPPH, ABTS y FRAP. También se analizó la actividad antimicrobiana mediante la técnica de difusión en disco en Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae. Para polifenoles totales, se encontraron concentraciones mayores a 10 mg EAG/g y en flavonoides totales cantidades mayores a 1 mg EC/g. En cuanto a la actividad antioxidante los extractos presentaron concentraciones promedio de 20, 46.15 y 16.49 μmol ET/g para DPPH, ABTS y FRAP, respectivamente. Mientras que la raíz de I. sonorae mostró inhibición en Staphylococcus aureus (200 mg/mL) y Clostridium perfringens (100 mg/mL), ambos Gram (+).
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Moreno-Escamilla JO, Alvarez-Parrilla E, de la Rosa LA, Núñez-Gastélum JA, González-Aguilar GA, Rodrigo-García J. Effect of Different Elicitors and Preharvest Day Application on the Content of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activity of Butterhead Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata) Produced under Hydroponic Conditions. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:5244-5254. [PMID: 28613869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The effect of four elicitors on phytochemical content in two varieties of lettuce was evaluated. The best preharvest day for application of each elicitor was chosen. Solutions of arachidonic acid (AA), salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MJ), and Harpin protein (HP) were applied by foliar aspersion on lettuce leaves while cultivating under hydroponic conditions. Application of elicitors was done at 15, 7, 5, 3, or 1 day before harvest. Green lettuce showed the highest increase in phytochemical content when elicitors (AA, SA, and HP) were applied on day 7 before harvest. Similarly, antioxidant activity rose in all treatments on day 7. In red lettuce, the highest content of bioactive molecules occurred in samples treated on day 15. AA, SA, and HP were the elicitors with the highest effect on phytochemical content for both varieties, mainly on polyphenol content. Antioxidant activity also increased in response to elicitation. HPLC-MS showed an increase in the content of phenolic acids in green and red lettuce, especially after elicitation with SA, suggesting activation of the caffeic acid pathway due to elicitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Omar Moreno-Escamilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez , Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México
| | - Emilio Alvarez-Parrilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez , Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México
| | - Laura A de la Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez , Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México
| | - José Alberto Núñez-Gastélum
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez , Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México
| | - Gustavo A González-Aguilar
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo , Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora CP 8300, México
| | - Joaquín Rodrigo-García
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez , Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México
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Olivas-Aguirre FJ, Gaytán-Martínez M, Mendoza-Díaz SO, González-Aguilar GA, Rodrigo-García J, Martínez-Ruiz NDR, Wall-Medrano A. In vitrodigestibility of phenolic compounds from edible fruits: could it be explained by chemometrics? Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Olivas-Aguirre
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas; Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas/Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n; Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua 32310 Mexico
| | - Marcela Gaytán-Martínez
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos (PROPAC); Facultad de Química; Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro; Cerro de las Campanas s/n Santiago de Querétaro 76010 Querétaro Mexico
| | - Sandra O. Mendoza-Díaz
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos (PROPAC); Facultad de Química; Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro; Cerro de las Campanas s/n Santiago de Querétaro 76010 Querétaro Mexico
| | - Gustavo A. González-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD); Carretera a Ejido La Victoria, Km. 0.6 Hermosillo Sonora 83304 Mexico
| | - Joaquín Rodrigo-García
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas; Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas/Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n; Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua 32310 Mexico
| | - Nina del Rocío Martínez-Ruiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas; Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas/Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n; Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua 32310 Mexico
| | - Abraham Wall-Medrano
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas; Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas/Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n; Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua 32310 Mexico
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Olivas-Aguirre FJ, Rodrigo-García J, Martínez-Ruiz NDR, Cárdenas-Robles AI, Mendoza-Díaz SO, Álvarez-Parrilla E, González-Aguilar GA, de la Rosa LA, Ramos-Jiménez A, Wall-Medrano A. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside: Physical-Chemistry, Foodomics and Health Effects. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091264. [PMID: 27657039 PMCID: PMC6273591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACNs) are plant secondary metabolites from the flavonoid family. Red to blue fruits are major dietary sources of ACNs (up to 1 g/100 g FW), being cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (Cy3G) one of the most widely distributed. Cy3G confers a red hue to fruits, but its content in raspberries and strawberries is low. It has a good radical scavenging capacity (RSC) against superoxide but not hydroxyl radicals, and its oxidative potential is pH-dependent (58 mV/pH unit). After intake, Cy3G can be metabolized (phases I, II) by oral epithelial cells, absorbed by the gastric epithelium (1%-10%) and it is gut-transformed (phase II & microbial metabolism), reaching the bloodstream (<1%) and urine (about 0.02%) in low amounts. In humans and Caco-2 cells, Cy3G's major metabolites are protocatechuic acid and phloroglucinaldehyde which are also subjected to entero-hepatic recycling, although caffeic acid and peonidin-3-glucoside seem to be strictly produced in the large bowel and renal tissues. Solid evidence supports Cy3G's bioactivity as DNA-RSC, gastro protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic chemo-preventive and as an epigenetic factor, exerting protection against Helicobacter pylori infection, age-related diseases, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and oral cancer. Most relevant mechanisms include RSC, epigenetic action, competitive protein-binding and enzyme inhibition. These and other novel aspects on Cy3G's physical-chemistry, foodomics, and health effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Olivas-Aguirre
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Joaquín Rodrigo-García
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Nina Del R Martínez-Ruiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Arely I Cárdenas-Robles
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Querétaro 76010, Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Sandra O Mendoza-Díaz
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Querétaro 76010, Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Emilio Álvarez-Parrilla
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo A González-Aguilar
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, AP 1735, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Laura A de la Rosa
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Arnulfo Ramos-Jiménez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Abraham Wall-Medrano
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico.
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Moreno-Escamilla JO, de la Rosa LA, López-Díaz JA, Rodrigo-García J, Núñez-Gastélum JA, Alvarez-Parrilla E. Effect of the smoking process and firewood type in the phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity of red Jalapeño pepper during its transformation to chipotle pepper. Food Res Int 2015; 76:654-660. [PMID: 28455049 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chipotle pepper is a dry smoked red Jalapeño pepper well appreciated in the Mexican and American cuisines. Phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of red Jalapeño pepper has been previously reported, however, the effect of the smoking process in the content of phytochemicals, antioxidant capacity and capsaicinoids has not been previously reported. In the present study we found that the smoking process had a significant effect on the content of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of red Jalapeño pepper. It induced a nearly 50% increase in total phenols and 15% increase in antioxidant capacity in chipotle pepper compared to fresh samples (in dry weight basis). Capsaicinoids and ascorbic acid content decreased in smoked samples, while carotenoids remained practically unchanged. The strongest effect of smoking was observed in the content of total flavonoids and catechin determined by HPLC. Therefore we can conclude that smoking process has a positive effect in the fruit because it raises its phytochemical properties. The type of wood used in the smoking process also had an effect on the phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity with traditional pecan wood being the best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Omar Moreno-Escamilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, 32310 México
| | - Laura A de la Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, 32310 México
| | - José Alberto López-Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, 32310 México
| | - Joaquín Rodrigo-García
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, 32310 México
| | - José Alberto Núñez-Gastélum
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, 32310 México
| | - Emilio Alvarez-Parrilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, 32310 México.
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16
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de la Rosa LA, Vazquez-Flores AA, Alvarez-Parrilla E, Rodrigo-García J, Medina-Campos ON, Ávila-Nava A, González-Reyes S, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Content of major classes of polyphenolic compounds, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and cell protective activity of pecan crude extracts and their fractions. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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17
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López-Mata MA, Ruiz-Cruz S, Navarro-Preciado C, Ornelas-Paz JDJ, Estrada-Alvarado MI, Gassos-Ortega LE, Rodrigo-García J. EFECTO DE RECUBRIMIENTOS COMESTIBLES DE QUITOSANO EN LA REDUCCIÓN MICROBIANA Y CONSERVACIÓN DE LA CALIDAD DE FRESAS. BT 2012. [DOI: 10.18633/bt.v14i1.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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de la Rosa LA, Mercado-Mercado G, Rodrigo-García J, González-Aguilar GA, Alvarez-Parrilla E. Peach polyphenol oxidase inhibition by 𝛃-cyclodextrin and 4-hexylresorcinol is substrate dependent La inhibición de la polifenoloxidasa de durazno por 𝛃-ciclodextrina y 4-hexilresorcinol es dependiente del sustrato. CyTA - Journal of Food 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/19476330903146013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Alvarez-Parrilla E, De La Rosa LA, Legarreta P, Saenz L, Rodrigo-García J, González-Aguilar GA. Daily consumption of apple, pear and orange juice differently affects plasma lipids and antioxidant capacity of smoking and non-smoking adults. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2010; 61:369-80. [DOI: 10.3109/09637480903514041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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