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Alcocer LA, Bryce A, De Padua Brasil D, Lara J, Cortes JM, Quesada D, Rodriguez P. The Pivotal Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers in Hypertension Management and Cardiovascular and Renal Protection: A Critical Appraisal and Comparison of International Guidelines. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2023; 23:663-682. [PMID: 37668854 PMCID: PMC10625506 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-023-00605-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is the main preventable cause of premature mortality worldwide. Across Latin America, hypertension has an estimated prevalence of 25.5-52.5%, although many hypertensive patients remain untreated. Appropriate treatment, started early and continued for the remaining lifespan, significantly reduces the risk of complications and mortality. All international and most regional guidelines emphasize a central role for renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASis) in antihypertensive treatment. The two main RAASi options are angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). Although equivalent in terms of blood pressure reduction, ACEis are preferably recommended by some guidelines to manage other cardiovascular comorbidities, with ARBs considered as an alternative when ACEis are not tolerated. This review summarizes the differences between ACEis and ARBs and their place in the international guidelines. It provides a critical appraisal of the guidelines based on available evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses, especially considering that hypertensive patients in daily practice often have other comorbidities. The observed differences in cardiovascular and renal outcomes in RCTs may be attributed to the different mechanisms of action of ACEis and ARBs, including increased bradykinin levels, potentiated bradykinin response, and stimulated nitric oxide production with ACEis. It may therefore be appropriate to consider ACEis and ARBs as different antihypertensive drugs classes within the same RAASi group. Although guideline recommendations only differentiate between ACEis and ARBs in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities, clinical evidence suggests that ACEis provide benefits in many hypertensive patients, as well as those with other cardiovascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David De Padua Brasil
- Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde (FCS), Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Joffre Lara
- Hospital Juan Tanca Marengo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Pablo Rodriguez
- Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires, Sanatorio Dr. Julio Méndez, Av del Libertador 6302, C1428ART, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Haroon J, Aboody K, Flores L, McDonald M, Mahdavi K, Zielinski M, Jordan K, Rindner E, Surya J, Venkatraman V, Go-Stevens V, Ngai G, Lara J, Hyde C, Schafer S, Schafer M, Bystritsky A, Nardi I, Kuhn T, Ross D, Jordan S. Use of transcranial low-intensity focused ultrasound for targeted delivery of stem cell-derived exosomes to the brain. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17707. [PMID: 37853206 PMCID: PMC10584845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a significant challenge for targeted drug delivery. A proposed method to improve drug delivery across the BBB is focused ultrasound (fUS), which delivers ultrasound waves to a targeted location in the brain and is hypothesized to open the BBB. Furthermore, stem cell-derived exosomes have been suggested as a possible anti-inflammatory molecule that may have neural benefits, if able to pass the BBB. In the present study, transcranial low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU), without the use of intravenous microbubbles, was assessed for both (1) its ability to influence the BBB, as well as (2) its ability to increase the localization of intravenously administered small molecules to a specific region in the brain. In vivo rat studies were conducted with a rodent-customized 2 MHz LIFU probe (peak pressure = 1.5 MPa), and injection of labeled stem cell-derived exosomes. The results suggested that LIFU (without microbubbles) did not appear to open the BBB after exposure times of 20, 40, or 60 min; instead, there appeared to be an increase in transcytosis of the dextran tracer. Furthermore, the imaging results of the exosome study showed an increase in exosome localization in the right hippocampus following 60 min of targeted LIFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Haroon
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
| | - K Aboody
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - L Flores
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - M McDonald
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - K Mahdavi
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - M Zielinski
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - K Jordan
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - E Rindner
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - J Surya
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | | | - V Go-Stevens
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - G Ngai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - J Lara
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - C Hyde
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - S Schafer
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - M Schafer
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - A Bystritsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - I Nardi
- Kimera Labs Inc., Miramar, USA
| | - T Kuhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - D Ross
- Kimera Labs Inc., Miramar, USA
| | - S Jordan
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
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Ramos-Corona A, Rangel R, Espino J, Lara J, Nuñez R, Bartolo-Pérez P, Alvarado-Gil J. High-yield of Lignin degradation under N-ZnO/Graphene oxide compounds. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Ramos-Corona A, Rangel R, Lara J, Trejo-Tzab R, Bartolo P, Alvarado-Gil JJ. Novel nitrogen plasma doping on CdS/GO compounds and their photocatalytic assessment. Nanotechnology 2021; 33:055705. [PMID: 34678792 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac328c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doping of cadmium sulfide nanostructured compounds was carried out under a nitrogen plasma source to produce CdS-N compounds. Once prepared, it was supported on graphene oxide sheets for producing CdS-N/GO photocatalysts, which were tested in the degradation of lignin and methylene blue (MB) molecules. Photocatalytic reactions were carried out under UV and visible (vis) energy irradiation. To provide insight on the catalytic behavior the CdS, CdS-N, GO, and CdS-N/GO compounds were characterized using different techniques including x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman, and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy allowed determining the chemical composition in samples. It was observed an outstanding performance in photocatalytic activity tests, attributed to the extended response towards the visible light regime, and the synergistic effect between CdS-N and GO particles. The catalytic activity tests, reveal that the CdS-N/GO compound achieved over 90% lignin degradation and 100% of MB degradation. In addition, a remarkable performance is observed in the CdS-N/GO compound which exhibited stability after performing several reaction cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ramos-Corona
- División de Estudios de Posgrado de la Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Gral. Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Z.P. 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - R Rangel
- División de Estudios de Posgrado de la Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Gral. Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Z.P. 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - J Lara
- División de Estudios de Posgrado de la Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Gral. Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Z.P. 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - R Trejo-Tzab
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, UADY. Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - P Bartolo
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Mérida, Z.P. 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - J J Alvarado-Gil
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Mérida, Z.P. 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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Garín A, Abara S, Herrera C, Acuña I, Cancino J, Bettancourt S, Alvarez J, Vigueras C, Lara J, Del Río J. Delayed lower extremity paresis following iliosacral screws: Atypical complication and treatment. Trauma Case Rep 2020; 31:100380. [PMID: 33385056 PMCID: PMC7770970 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcr.2020.100380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous iliosacral screw placement has become the technique of choice for treating injuries to the posterior pelvis. However, the technique requires an understanding of the anatomy surrounding the bone corridors to avoid complications and detect them early if they occur. We present the clinical case of a patient with a U-shaped fracture of the sacrum that evolves with gluteal pain and left foot equine paresis after percutaneous fixation with iliosacral screws. Angio-CT of the pelvis shows active arterial bleeding from the superior gluteal artery associated to extensive hematoma in the thickness of the gluteus medius muscle. Emergency embolization is performed by installing coil and gelatin. Successful control of bleeding is achieved. To avoid this complication, a complete imaging study is recommended in planning the surgery and to avoid multiple repositioning of the guide or screw. Arterial injury should be suspected in case of increasing pain despite analgesia, functional impairment or neurological deficit and the angiographic study and resolution by selective embolization of the bleeding vessels must be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Garín
- Hospital Clínico Félix Bulnes, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Abara
- Hip Center Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.,Hospital DIPRECA, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Herrera
- Hip Center Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - I Acuña
- Hospital Clínico Mutual de Seguridad, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Cancino
- Hospital Clínico Mutual de Seguridad, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - C Vigueras
- Hospital Clínico Mutual de Seguridad, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Lara
- Hip Center Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Del Río
- Hip Center Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.,Hospital Clínico Mutual de Seguridad, Santiago, Chile
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Lara J, Paskaranandavadivel N, Cheng LK. HD-EMG Electrode Count and Feature Selection Influence on Pattern-based Movement Classification Accuracy. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2020:4787-4790. [PMID: 33019061 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Control schemes that rely on electromyography (EMG) pattern classification have shown to improve their accuracy when coupled with an increasing number of electrodes. In this study, HD-EMG signals from the hand and forearm of volunteers performing a series of movements were recorded. Different amounts of input EMG channels were selected and time-domain features were extracted to train several SVM classifiers. Detailed comparisons were made to evaluate the impact of electrode count and feature selection over the overall classification accuracy of 17 different movements. The increased resolution achieved from higher electrode counts yielded significant improvements in classification accuracy; however, these improvements were marginal when the number of channels utilized surpassed 100 electrodes.Clinical relevance- Pattern-based EMG classification is a widely used control method for a range of prosthetic devices and robotic interfaces. This work studies the optimal number of simultaneous HD-EMG channels and features that must be considered for accurate myoelectric control using this method.
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del Río J, Garín A, Acuña I, Villalón I, Lara J. Morphological abnormalities of the hip in acetabular fractures. Trauma Case Rep 2020; 25:100271. [PMID: 31879700 PMCID: PMC6920112 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcr.2019.100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor prognosis factors in surgical treatment of acetabular fracture-dislocations have been well established but there is little information about how morphological abnormalities of the hip may affect the surgical outcome. Hip anatomy has a wide range of variations. Morphological abnormalities of the hip can also be observed in patients with acetabular fractures. We present a case of a complication in a patient with a complex acetabular fracture, acetabular retroversion and femoroacetabular impingement. A 31-year old male patient was transferred to our trauma center following a high speed road traffic accident. Trauma series CT revealed cerebral contusion, subdural hematoma, aortic dissection and a left transverse plus posterior wall acetabular fracture. The left hip was reduced and the acetabular fracture was treated with a Kocher Langenbeck approach in prone position. The pelvic X- ray evidenced an anatomic reduction and signs of acetabular retroversion with positive posterior wall sign and crossover sign. CT scan evidenced increased alpha angle in the femoral head neck junction. During the follow up, 2 months after the acetabular fixation, patient suffered a posterior left hip dislocation and a total cementless hip arthroplasty was performed. Patients with acetabular retroversion and femoroacetabular impingement (CAM lesion) may be at risk of posterior dislocation. The influence of acetabular version and impingement may be also closely involved in how challenging the determination of hip stability can be in patients with posterior wall acetabular fractures. Acetabular retroversion and FAI may be related to the dislocation of unstable patterns with small fragments (wall sizes less than 20%). In this case postoperative precautions were not enough. We believe capsular reattachment with anchors and bracing may be useful in these selected cases. As these patients are not candidates for retroPAO (the recommended treatment for acetabular retroversion) maybe arthroscopic anterior wall riming and CAM resection should be performed at an early stage to decrease or avoid fulcrum.
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Lara J, Paskaranandavadivel N, Cheng LK. Effect of Segmentation Parameters on Classification Accuracy of High-Density EMG recordings. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2019:6229-6232. [PMID: 31947266 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8856809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Electromyography (EMG) based control systems rely on the accurate identification of patterns extracted from signal features to predict the corresponding movement. The selection of segmentation window parameters and their impact on overall accuracy of classifiers has been previously studied for systems with a low number of EMG channels (<; 16). In this study a High-density EMG electrode array was used to evaluate the impact of the parameters when a high number of channels (128) was recorded. Findings show that in combination with high channel counts the impact of window length and overlap were marginal (<; 2% and <; 1% respectively). The number of channels was found to have direct correlation with achieved accuracy, with an improvement of up to 19.5 ± 4.5% in classification accuracy when increasing from 4 to 128 channels.
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Nhabomba C, Chicumbe S, Muquingue H, Sacarlal J, Lara J, Couto A, Buck WC. Clinical and operational factors associated with low pediatric inpatient HIV testing coverage in Mozambique. Public Health Action 2019; 9:113-119. [PMID: 31803583 DOI: 10.5588/pha.19.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Setting Eleven pediatric wards in Maputo Province, Mozambique. Objective 1) To determine provider-initiated testing and counseling (PITC) coverage, the rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positivity, and the clinical and facility-level variables associated with PITC; and 2) to assess the care cascade for HIV-exposed and -infected children. Design This was a cross-sectional, retrospective review of inpatient charts, selected via systematic randomization, of patients aged 0-4 years, admitted between July and December 2015. Results Among the 800 patients included, the median age was 23 months and median duration of hospitalization was 3 days. HIV testing was ordered in 46.0% of eligible patients (known HIV-infected at admission excluded), with results documented for 35.7%, of whom 8.3% were positive. The patient hospitalization diagnoses with the highest PITC rates were malnutrition (73.8%), sepsis (71.4%) and tuberculosis (58.3%), with positivity rates of respectively 16.1%, 20.0%, and 28.6%. Longer hospitalization, weekday admission, and PITC training for staff were significantly associated with better PITC performance. Antiretroviral treatment was initiated during hospitalization for 29.6% of eligible patients. Conclusion PITC coverage was low, with high HIV positivity rates, highlighting missed opportunities for diagnosis and linkage to treatment. Strengthened routine testing on wards with consideration of inpatient ART initiation are needed to help achieve pediatric 90-90-90 goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nhabomba
- Centro de Investigação Operacional da Beira, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Beira, Mozambique.,Field Epidemiology Laboratory Training Program, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - S Chicumbe
- Health System and Policy Program, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - H Muquingue
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - J Sacarlal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - J Lara
- Programa Nacional de Controle de ITS/SIDA, Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - A Couto
- Programa Nacional de Controle de ITS/SIDA, Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - W C Buck
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Morales R, Subiabre I, Lara J, Larraín R, Sales F. PSIX-35 Finishing feeding strategies for dairy steers based on summer turnip and their effects on beef quality produced in south Chile. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Morales
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias,Osorno, Chile
| | - I Subiabre
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias,Osorno, Chile
| | - J Lara
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.,Santiago, Chile
| | - R Larraín
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.,Santiago, Chile
| | - F Sales
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Punta Arenas, Chile, Punta Arena, Chile
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Ares J, Lara J, Lizcano D, Martínez MA. Who Discovered the Binary System and Arithmetic? Did Leibniz Plagiarize Caramuel? Sci Eng Ethics 2018; 24:173-188. [PMID: 28281152 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-017-9890-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) is the self-proclaimed inventor of the binary system and is considered as such by most historians of mathematics and/or mathematicians. Really though, we owe the groundwork of today's computing not to Leibniz but to the Englishman Thomas Harriot and the Spaniard Juan Caramuel de Lobkowitz (1606-1682), whom Leibniz plagiarized. This plagiarism has been identified on the basis of several facts: Caramuel's work on the binary system is earlier than Leibniz's, Leibniz was acquainted-both directly and indirectly-with Caramuel's work and Leibniz had a natural tendency to plagiarize scientific works.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ares
- University of A Coruña, Campus de Elviña, s/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - J Lara
- UDIMA-Madrid Open University, Carretera de La Coruña, K. 38.500, Vía de Servicio, Nº 15, 28400, Collado Villalba, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Lizcano
- UDIMA-Madrid Open University, Carretera de La Coruña, K. 38.500, Vía de Servicio, Nº 15, 28400, Collado Villalba, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Martínez
- UDIMA-Madrid Open University, Carretera de La Coruña, K. 38.500, Vía de Servicio, Nº 15, 28400, Collado Villalba, Madrid, Spain.
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Powell M, Lara J, Mocciaro G, Prado CM, Battezzati A, Leone A, Tagliabue A, de Amicis R, Vignati L, Bertoli S, Siervo M. Association between ratio indexes of body composition phenotypes and metabolic risk in Italian adults. Clin Obes 2016; 6:365-375. [PMID: 27869360 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ratio between fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) has been used to discriminate individual differences in body composition and improve prediction of metabolic risk. Here, we evaluated whether the use of a visceral adipose tissue-to-fat-free mass index (VAT:FFMI) ratio was a better predictor of metabolic risk than a fat mass index to fat-free mass index (FMI:FFMI) ratio. This is a cross-sectional study including 3441 adult participants (age range 18-81; men/women: 977/2464). FM and FFM were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and VAT by ultrasonography. A continuous metabolic risk Z score and harmonised international criteria were used to define cumulative metabolic risk and metabolic syndrome (MetS), respectively. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were used to test associations between body composition indexes and metabolic risk. In unadjusted models, VAT:FFMI was a better predictor of MetS (OR 8.03, 95%CI 6.69-9.65) compared to FMI:FFMI (OR 2.91, 95%CI 2.45-3.46). However, the strength of association of VAT:FFMI and FMI:FFMI became comparable when models were adjusted for age, gender, clinical and sociodemographic factors (OR 4.06, 95%CI 3.31-4.97; OR 4.25, 95%CI 3.42-5.27, respectively). A similar pattern was observed for the association of the two indexes with the metabolic risk Z score (VAT:FFMI: unadjusted b = 0.69 ± 0.03, adjusted b = 0.36 ± 0.03; FMI:FFMI: unadjusted b = 0.28 ± 0.028, adjusted b = 0.38 ± 0.02). Our results suggest that there is no real advantage in using either VAT:FFMI or FMI:FFMI ratios as a predictor of metabolic risk in adults. However, these results warrant confirmation in longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Powell
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - J Lara
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - G Mocciaro
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - C M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - A Battezzati
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status, (ICANS Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - A Leone
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status, (ICANS Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - A Tagliabue
- Human Nutrition and Eating Disorders Research Centre, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - R de Amicis
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status, (ICANS Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - L Vignati
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status, (ICANS Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - S Bertoli
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status, (ICANS Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - M Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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Caini S, Andrade W, Badur S, Balmaseda A, Barakat A, Bella A, Bimohuen A, Brammer L, Bresee J, Bruno A, Castillo L, Ciblak MA, Clara AW, Cohen C, Daouda C, de Lozano C, De Mora D, Dorji K, Emukule GO, Fasce RA, Feng L, Ferreira de Almeida WA, Guiomar R, Heraud JM, Holubka O, Huang QS, Kadjo HA, Kiyanbekova L, Kosasih H, Kusznierz G, Lee V, Lara J, Li M, Lopez L, Mai HP, Pessanha HC, Matute ML, Mironenko A, Moreno B, Mott JA, Njouom R, Ospanova A, Owen R, Pebody R, Pennington K, Puzelli S, Quynh Le MT, Razanajatovo NH, Rodrigues A, Rudi JM, Venter M, Vernet MA, Wei AL, Wangchuk S, Yang J, Yu H, Zambon M, Schellevis F, Paget J. Correction: Temporal Patterns of Influenza A and B in Tropical and Temperate Countries: What Are the Lessons for Influenza Vaccination? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155089. [PMID: 27135748 PMCID: PMC4852893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152310.].
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Livingstone KM, Celis-Morales C, Lara J, Ashor AW, Lovegrove JA, Martinez JA, Saris WH, Gibney M, Manios Y, Traczyk I, Drevon CA, Daniel H, Gibney ER, Brennan L, Bouwman J, Grimaldi KA, Mathers JC. Associations between FTO genotype and total energy and macronutrient intake in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2015; 16:666-78. [PMID: 26016642 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Risk variants of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene have been associated with increased obesity. However, the evidence for associations between FTO genotype and macronutrient intake has not been reviewed systematically. Our aim was to evaluate the potential associations between FTO genotype and intakes of total energy, fat, carbohydrate and protein. We undertook a systematic literature search in OVID MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE and Cochrane of associations between macronutrient intake and FTO genotype in adults. Beta coefficients and confidence intervals (CIs) were used for per allele comparisons. Random-effect models assessed the pooled effect sizes. We identified 56 eligible studies reporting on 213,173 adults. For each copy of the FTO risk allele, individuals reported 6.46 kcal day(-1) (95% CI: 10.76, 2.16) lower total energy intake (P = 0.003). Total fat (P = 0.028) and protein (P = 0.006), but not carbohydrate intakes, were higher in those carrying the FTO risk allele. After adjustment for body weight, total energy intakes remained significantly lower in individuals with the FTO risk genotype (P = 0.028). The FTO risk allele is associated with a lower reported total energy intake and with altered patterns of macronutrient intake. Although significant, these differences are small and further research is needed to determine whether the associations are independent of dietary misreporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Livingstone
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - C Celis-Morales
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Lara
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - A W Ashor
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - J A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - J A Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - W H Saris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Y Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - I Traczyk
- ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - C A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Daniel
- National Food and Nutrition Institute (IZZ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - E R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - L Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - J Bouwman
- Microbiology and Systems Biology Group, TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | | | - J C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Livingstone K, Celis-Morales C, Lara J, Ashor A, Lovegrove J, Martinez J, Saris W, Gibney M, Manios Y, Traczyk I, Drevon C, Daniel H, Gibney E, Brennan L, Bouwman J, Grimaldi K, Mathers J. Associations between FTO genotype and total energy and macronutrients intake. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Appetite 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Godfrey A, Lara J, Munro CA, Wiuff C, Chowdhury SA, Del Din S, Hickey A, Mathers JC, Rochester L. Instrumented assessment of test battery for physical capability using an accelerometer: a feasibility study. Physiol Meas 2015; 36:N71-83. [PMID: 25903399 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/36/5/n71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent work has identified subdomains (tests) of physical capability that are recommended for assessment of the healthy ageing phenotype (HAP). These include: postural control, locomotion, endurance, repeated sit-to-stand-to-sit and TUG. Current assessment methods lack sensitivity and are error prone due to their lack of consistency and heterogeneity of reported outcomes; instrumentation with body worn monitors provides a method to address these potential weaknesses. This work proposes the use of a single tri-axial accelerometer-based device with appropriate algorithms (referred to here as a body worn monitor, BWM) for the purposes of instrumented testing during physicality capability assessment. In this pilot study we present 14 BWM-based outcomes across the subdomains which include magnitude, frequency and spatio-temporal characteristics. Where possible, we compared BWM outcomes with manually recorded values and found no significant differences between locomotion and TUG tasks (p ≥ 0.319). Significant differences were found for the total distance walked during endurance (p = 0.037) and times for repeated sit-to-stand-to-sit transitions (p < 0.000). We identified reasons for differences and make recommendations for future testing. We were also able to quantify additional characteristics of postural control and gait which could be sensitive outcomes for future HAP assessment. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of this method to enhance measurement of physical capacity. The methodology can also be applied to a wide variety of accelerometer-based monitors and is applicable to a range of intervention-based studies or pathological assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Godfrey
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. Clinical Ageing Research Unit, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Godfrey A, Lara J, Del Din S, Hickey A, Munro CA, Wiuff C, Chowdhury SA, Mathers JC, Rochester L. iCap: Instrumented assessment of physical capability. Maturitas 2015; 82:116-22. [PMID: 25912425 PMCID: PMC4551273 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Instrumented testing of five physical capability tasks with a single accelerometer. Evaluated on a large cohort of older adults. iCap provides robust quantitative data about physical capability. iCap captures gait and postural control data known as sensitive to ageing/pathology. Methodology may have practical utility in a wide range of surveys and studies.
Objectives The aims of this study were to (i) investigate instrumented physical capability (iCap) as a valid method during a large study and (ii) determine whether iCap can provide important additional features of postural control and gait to categorise cohorts not previously possible with manual recordings. Study design Cross-sectional analysis involving instrumented testing on 74 adults who were recruited as part of a pilot intervention study; LiveWell. Participants wore a single accelerometer-based monitor (lower back) during standardised physical capability tests so that outcomes could be compared directly with manual recordings (stopwatch and measurement tape) made concurrently. Main outcome measures Time, distance, postural control and gait characteristics. Results Agreement between manual and iCap ranged from moderate to excellent (0.649–0.983) with mean differences between methods low and deemed acceptable. Additionally, iCap successfully quantified (i) postural control characteristics which showed sensitivity to distinguish between 5 variations of the standing balance test and (ii) 14 gait characteristics known to be sensitive to age/pathology. Conclusions Our findings show that iCap can provide robust quantitative data about physical capability during standardised tests while also providing sensitive (age/pathology) postural control and gait characteristics not previously quantifiable with manual recordings. The methodology which we propose may have practical utility in a wide range of clinical and public health surveys and studies, including intervention studies, where assessment could be undertaken within diverse settings. This will need to be tested in further validation studies in a wider range of settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Godfrey
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Clinical Ageing Research Unit, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Lara
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S Del Din
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Clinical Ageing Research Unit, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A Hickey
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Clinical Ageing Research Unit, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - C A Munro
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - C Wiuff
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S A Chowdhury
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J C Mathers
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - L Rochester
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Clinical Ageing Research Unit, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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López-Jaramillo P, Sánchez RA, Diaz M, Cobos L, Bryce A, Parra-Carrillo JZ, Lizcano F, Lanas F, Sinay I, Sierra ID, Peñaherrera E, Bendersky M, Schmid H, Botero R, Urina M, Lara J, Foss MC, Márquez G, Harrap S, Ramírez AJ, Zanchetti A. [Latin American consensus on hypertension in patients with diabetes type 2 and metabolic syndrome]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 58:205-25. [PMID: 24863082 DOI: 10.1590/0004-2730000003019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present document has been prepared by a group of experts, members of cardiology, endocrinology, internal medicine, nephrology and diabetes societies of Latin American countries, to serve as a guide to physicians taking care of patients with diabetes, hypertension and comorbidities or complications of both conditions. Although the concept of metabolic syndrome is currently disputed, the higher prevalence in Latin America of that cluster of metabolic alterations has suggested that metabolic syndrome is a useful nosography entity in the context of Latin American medicine. Therefore, in the present document, particular attention is paid to this syndrome in order to alert physicians on a particular high-risk population, usually underestimated and undertreated. These recommendations result from presentations and debates by discussion panels during a 2-day conference held in Bucaramanga, in October 2012, and all the participants have approved the final conclusions. The authors acknowledge that the publication and diffusion of guidelines do not suffice to achieve the recommended changes in diagnostic or therapeutic strategies, and plan suitable interventions overcoming knowledge, attitude and behavioural barriers, preventing both physicians and patients from effectively adhering to guideline recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio López-Jaramillo
- Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander FOSCAL, Universidad de Santander UDES, Bucaramanga, Colômbia
| | - Ramiro A Sánchez
- Unidad de Metabolismo e Hipertensión Arterial, Hospital Universitario, Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Lizcano
- Asociación Colombiana de Endocrinología, Universidad de la Sabana, Bogotá, Colômbia
| | | | - Isaac Sinay
- Instituto Cardiológico de Buenos Aires, Buenos aires, Argentina
| | - Iván D Sierra
- Asociación Latinoamericana de Diabetes, Bogotá, Colômbia
| | | | | | - Helena Schmid
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | | | - Manuel Urina
- Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colômbia
| | - Joffre Lara
- Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Aterosclerosis, Guayaquil, Equador
| | | | | | | | - Agustín J Ramírez
- Unidad de Metabolismo e Hipertensión Arterial, Hospital Universitario, Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Oggioni C, Cena H, Wells JCK, Lara J, Celis-Morales C, Siervo M. Association between worldwide dietary and lifestyle patterns with total cholesterol concentrations and DALYs for infectious and cardiovascular diseases: an ecological analysis. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2015; 5:315-25. [PMID: 25747186 PMCID: PMC7320501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Global dietary and lifestyle trends are primary risk factors for communicable and non-communicable diseases. An ecological analysis was conducted to examine the association of global dietary and lifestyle patterns with total cholesterol concentrations. This study also investigated whether total cholesterol modified the association between dietary and lifestyle habits with disability-adjusted-life-years-lost (DALYs) for infectious and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Country-specific mean total cholesterol concentrations and DALYs for infectious and CVDs were obtained. Data were then matched to country-specific food and energy availability for consumption and information on obesity, physical inactivity, urbanization, gross domestic product (GDP), life expectancy and smoking. Stepwise multiple regression models were developed to identify significant predictors of total cholesterol concentrations and DALYs for infectious and CVDs. Life expectancy and egg and meat consumption were significantly associated with cholesterol concentrations. DALYs for infectious diseases were associated with smoking, life expectancy and per capita GDP. Smoking was the only predictor of DALYs for CVDs. The improvement of socio-demographic conditions and economic growth is likely to reduce the burden of communicable diseases in developing countries. A concurring increase in non-communicable diseases is expected, and these results have, yet again, identified smoking as a primary risk factor for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Oggioni
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne NE4 5PL, UK; Department of Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, University of Pavia, via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - H Cena
- Department of Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, University of Pavia, via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - J C K Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - J Lara
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - C Celis-Morales
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - M Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.
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Ashor AW, Jajja A, Sutyarjoko A, Brandt K, Qadir O, Lara J, Siervo M. Effects of beetroot juice supplementation on microvascular blood flow in older overweight and obese subjects: a pilot randomised controlled study. J Hum Hypertens 2014; 29:511-3. [PMID: 25471613 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2014.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A W Ashor
- 1] Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne, UK [2] Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Al-Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - A Jajja
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne, UK
| | - A Sutyarjoko
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne, UK
| | - K Brandt
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food & Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - O Qadir
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food & Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Lara
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne, UK
| | - M Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne, UK
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Oggioni C, Lara J, Wells JCK, Soroka K, Siervo M. Shifts in population dietary patterns and physical inactivity as determinants of global trends in the prevalence of diabetes: an ecological analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:1105-1111. [PMID: 24954422 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The worldwide epidemiology of diabetes is rapidly changing as a result of the spreading of westernised nutritional and lifestyle habits. We conducted an ecological analysis to identify dietary, lifestyle and socio-economic factors associated with global diabetes prevalence. METHODS AND RESULTS Country-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence were obtained. Data were then matched to year- and country-specific food and energy availability for consumption, and to year-specific information on obesity, physical inactivity, urbanisation, gross domestic product (GDP), and smoking. Data were obtained from publicly available databases compiled by the Food Agricultural Organisation (FAO), World Health Organisation (WHO) and World Bank. Cluster analysis was used to derive dietary patterns of global food consumption. The association with diabetes prevalence was evaluated. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors associated with worldwide diabetes prevalence. 96 countries were eligible for inclusion in the analysis. The average diabetes prevalence was 7.0% and the highest rate was observed in the Middle-Eastern region (13.1%). The worldwide prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity was 15.1% and 36.1%, respectively. Diabetes prevalence was associated with age and physical inactivity prevalence in a fully adjusted multiple regression model. Three dietary patterns (agricultural, transitional and westernised) were identified by the cluster analysis. Diabetes prevalence showed a direct dose-response association with the degree of exposure to a westernised dietary pattern. CONCLUSIONS The adoption of sedentary lifestyle and westernised dietary patterns appears to be closely linked to the global rise in diabetes prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Oggioni
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - J Lara
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - J C K Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - K Soroka
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - M Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.
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Jajja A, Sutyarjoko A, Lara J, Rennie K, Brandt K, Qadir O, Siervo M. Beetroot supplementation lowers daily systolic blood pressure in older, overweight subjects. Nutr Res 2014; 34:868-75. [PMID: 25294299 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although inorganic nitrate and beetroot juice supplementation are associated with decreased systolic blood pressure (BP), these results have primarily been obtained from short-term trials that focused on healthy young adults. Therefore, we hypothesized that oral supplementation of beetroot juice concentrate would decrease systolic BP in overweight older participants but that the decline in BP would not be sustained after a 1-week interruption of the beetroot juice supplementation. For 3 weeks, 24 participants were randomized to either the beetroot juice concentrate or blackcurrant juice group, with a 1-week postsupplementation phase (week 4). Changes in systolic and diastolic BP were assessed during the supplementation and postsupplementation phases. Blood pressure was measured using 3 different methods: (1) resting clinic BP, (2) 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring, and (3) home monitoring of daily resting BP. The first 2 methods were applied at baseline and after weeks 3 and 4. Daily measurements were conducted throughout the study, with 21 subjects completing the study (beetroot/blackcurrant = 10/11; male/female = 12/9; age = 62.0 ± 1.4 years; body mass index = 30.1 ± 1.2 kg/m(2)). After 3 weeks, beetroot juice supplementation was not associated with significant changes in resting clinic BP or 24-hour ABPM. Conversely, beetroot juice concentrate reduced daily systolic BP after 3 weeks (-7.3 ± 5.9 mm Hg, P = .02); however, the effect was not maintained after the interruption of the supplementation (week 4, 2.8 ± 6.1 mm Hg, P = .09). In overweight older subjects, beetroot juice concentrate supplementation was associated with beneficial effects on daily systolic BP, although the effects were not significant when measured by 24-hour ABPM or resting clinic BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jajja
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - A Sutyarjoko
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - J Lara
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - K Rennie
- Centre for Lifespan and Chronic Illness Research, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB
| | - K Brandt
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food & Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - O Qadir
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food & Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - M Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK.
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Siervo M, Bertoli S, Battezzati A, Wells J, Lara J, Ferraris C, Tagliabue A. Accuracy of predictive equations for the measurement of resting energy expenditure in older subjects. Clin Nutr 2014; 33:613-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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López-Jaramillo P, Sánchez RA, Díaz M, Cobos L, Bryce A, Parra-Carrillo JZ, Lizcano F, Lanas F, Sinay I, Sierra ID, Peñaherrera E, Benderky M, Schmid H, Botero R, Urina M, Lara J, Foos MC, Márquez G, Harrap S, Ramírez AJ, Zanchetti A. Consenso latinoamericano de hipertensión en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 y síndrome metabólico. Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis 2014; 26:85-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Siervo M, Prado CM, Stephan BC, Lara J, Muscariello E, Nasti G, Colantuoni A. Association of the body adiposity index (BAI) with metabolic risk factors in young and older overweight and obese women. Eat Weight Disord 2014; 19:397-402. [PMID: 24142817 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-013-0077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Body adiposity index (BAI) is a novel index for the assessment of percentage fat mass (FM%). We tested the association between BAI and metabolic outcomes in overweight and obese women of different ages. METHODS 260 young women (24.7 ± 5.3 years, 31.0 ± 5.0 kg/m(2)) and 328 older women (66.9 ± 4.6 years, 34.8 ± 4.7 kg/m(2)) were recruited. BAI was calculated using hip circumference and height. Bioimpedance analysis was used to measure FM%. Metabolic risk was assessed using a composite z score integrating standardised measurements of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, liver enzymes and triglycerides. RESULTS The association between BAI and FM% was modest in both young (r = 0.56, p < 0.001) and older (r = 0.49, p < 0.001) groups. BAI was directly associated with metabolic risk in young women (r = 0.29, p < 0.001), whereas it showed a weak, inverse association in the older group (r = -0.14, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS BAI validity needs to be re-assessed in older individuals for better definition of its predictive accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus of Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle, NE4 5PL, UK,
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Campo DS, Dimitrova Z, Lara J, Purdy M, Thai H, Ramachandran S, Ganova-Raeva L, Zhai X, Forbi JC, Teo CG, Khudyakov Y. Coordinated evolution of the hepatitis B virus polymerase. In Silico Biol 2013. [PMID: 23202419 DOI: 10.3233/isb-2012-0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The detection of compensatory mutations that abrogate negative fitness effects of drug-resistance and vaccine-escape mutations indicates the important role of epistatic connectivity in evolution of viruses, especially under the strong selection pressures. Mapping of epistatic connectivity in the form of coordinated substitutions should help to characterize molecular mechanisms shaping viral evolution and provides a tool for the development of novel anti-viral drugs and vaccines. We analyzed coordinated variation among amino acid sites in 370 the hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase sequences using Bayesian networks. Among the HBV polymerase domains the spacer domain separating terminal protein from the reverse-transcriptase domain, showed the highest network centrality. Coordinated substitutions preserve the hydrophobicity and charge of Spacer. Maximum likelihood estimates of codon selection showed that Spacer contains the highest number of positively selected sites. Identification of 67% of the domain lacking an ordered structure suggests that Spacer belongs to the class of intrinsically disordered domains and proteins whose crucial functional role in the regulation of transcription, translation and cellular signal transduction has only recently been recognized. Spacer plays a central role in the epistatic network associating substitutions across the HBV genome, including those conferring viral virulence, drug resistance and vaccine escape. The data suggest that Spacer is extensively involved in coordination of HBV evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Campo
- Laboratory Branch, Division of Viral Hepatitis, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30300, USA.
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Tsuchiya K, Shiohira S, Sugiura H, Suzuki M, Okano K, Nitta K, Kaesler N, Immendorf S, Ouyang C, Carmeliet P, Floege J, Kruger T, Schlieper G, Georgescu A, Kalucka J, Olbrich S, Baumgartl J, Hackenbeck T, Eckardt KU, Weidemann A, Chmielewski S, Olejnik A, Sikorski K, Heemann U, Wesoly J, Bluyssen H, Baumann M, Mekahli D, Decuypere JP, Missiaen L, Levtchenko E, De Smedt H, Stasi A, Castellano G, Gigante M, Intini A, Pontrelli P, Divella C, Curci C, Grandaliano G, Gesualdo L, Vizza D, Perri A, Lofaro D, Toteda P, Lupinacci S, Leone F, Gigliotti P, Papalia T, Bonofiglio R, Vatazin AV, Astakhov PV, Zulkarnaev AB, Parodi E, Verzola D, D'Amato E, Viazzi F, Gonnella A, Garneri D, Pontremoli R, Garibotto G, Chen TH, Chen CH, Chen YC, Sue YM, Cheng CY, Guiying L, Ying L, Pozzoli S, Lino M, Delli Carpini S, Ferrandi M, Zerbini G, Simonini M, Zagato L, Molinari I, Citterio L, Manunta P, Feng X, Pan X, Wang W, Chen N, Chen YX, Wang WM, Chen N, Tanaka S, Yano S, Sugimoto T, Noh H, Yu MR, Kim HJ, Woo SA, Cho YJ, Kwon SH, Jeon JS, Han DC, Shimizu H, Yisireyili M, Nishijima F, Niwa T, Koh ES, Chung S, Kim SJ, Kim SJ, Yoon HE, Park CW, Chang YS, Shin SJ, Seong EY, Rhee H, Shin MJ, Yang BY, Jung YS, Lee DW, Lee SB, Kwak IS, Kim IY, Sancho-Martinez SM, Prieto-Garcia L, Lopez-Hernandez FJ, Lopez-Novoa JM, Bae EH, Choi HS, Joo SY, Kim IJ, Kim CS, Choi JS, Ma SK, Lee J, Kim SW, Humanes B, Sonia C, Jado J, Mojena M, Lara J, Alvarez-Sala L, Tejedor A, Lazaro A, Wada Y, Iyoda M, Matsumoto K, Shindo-Hirai Y, Kuno Y, Yamamoto Y, Suzuki T, Shibata T, Akizawa T, Lee DW, Kwak IS, Lee SB, Seong EY, Faubel S, Edelstein CL, Cano Penalver JL, de Frutos Garcia S, Griera Merino M, Luengo Rodriguez A, Garcia Jerez A, Bohorquez Magro L, Medrano D, Calleros Basilio L, Rodriguez Puyol M, Prieto-Garcia L, Sancho-Martinez SM, Lopez-Hernandez FJ, Lopez-Novoa JM, Thilo F, Liu Y, Tepel M, Hsu HH, Chen KH, Hung CC, Yang CW, Endlich N, Lin JL, Pavenstadt H, Rodrigues Diez RR, Mezzano S, Ruiz-Ortega M, Rodrigues Diez R, Lavoz C, Nakayama Y, Fukami K, Yamagishi SI, Obara N, Yokoro M, Ando R, Kaida Y, Toyonaga M, Kaifu K, Takeuchi M, Ueda S, Okuda S, Daenen K, Hoylaerts MF, Bammens B, Liu J, Zhong F, Dai Q, Xu L, Wang W, Chen N, Zaravinos A, Deltas CC. Cell signalling. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Marti S, Pajares V, Morante F, Ramon MA, Lara J, Ferrer J, Guell MR. Are Oxygen-Conserving Devices Effective for Correcting Exercise Hypoxemia? Respir Care 2013; 58:1606-13. [DOI: 10.4187/respcare.02260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Sperinde J, Lara J, Michaelson R, Sun X, Conte P, Guarneri V, Barbieri E, Ali S, Leitzel K, Weidler J, Lie Y, Cook J, Haddad M, Paquet A, Winslow J, Howitt J, Hurley L, Eisenberg M, Petropoulos C, Huang W, Lipton A. Abstract P2-10-16: Quantitative HER3 protein expression and PIK3CA mutation status in matched samples from primary and metastatic breast cancer tissues and correlation with time to recurrence. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p2-10-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: HER3 is thought to play a prominent role in resistance to HER2-directed breast cancer therapies. Recent data suggest that HER3 levels also influence HER2-normal breast tumor biology. HER3 and PI3K signaling are linked in that in HER3 signaling activates PI3K and inhibition of PI3K activity can upregulate HER3 expression. Here, we measured quantitative HER3 protein expression levels and PIK3CA mutation status in matched tissues from the primary tumor and site of metastasis to assess correlations with time to recurrence.
Methods: 44 pairs (8 HER2+ by HERmark®) of matched tissues from the primary tumor and the site of metastasis were evaluated for HER3 protein expression using a sensitive, quantitative assay for HER3 protein expression in FFPE tissue sections (VeraTag®). Matched samples were also evaluated for quantitative HER2 expression (HERmark) and for PIK3CA mutations at exon 9 (E542K and E545K) and exon 20 (H1047R).
Results: HER3 protein expression at the metastatic site was largely independent of HER3 levels at the primary site (Spearman p = 0.50) in contrast to HER2 expression (Spearman p = 0.0004). HER3 expression in the primary tumor correlated with time to recurrence (TTR) (HR = 2.0 per 2-fold increase in HER3; p < 0.0001). Conversely, HER3 expression measured at the site of metastasis was not correlated with TTR (p = 0.55). Estrogen receptor negative tumors were less likely to have PIK3CA mutations (p = 0.023). In cases of primary tumors with PIK3CA mutations, no reversions to wild-type PIK3CA were observed in the metastatic sites. In metastatic tumors, mutations detected in the primary tumor as well as new mutations were observed. A gain of an exon 9 mutation at the metastatic site correlated with shorter TTR (HR = 2.5; p = 0.043). Excluding the 8 samples that were HER2+ by HERmark, longer TTR was observed for patients with PIK3CA mutations in the primary tumor (HR = 0.47; p = 0.042), which is consistent with previous reports. Interestingly, the longer TTR for those with PIK3CA mutations appeared to be dependent on quantitative HER3 protein level (interaction p = 0.065).
Conclusions: HER3 protein expression in matched primary and metastatic breast cancer tissues were unrelated. This may indicate that HER3 protein is influenced by the different tumor microenvironments of the primary and metastatic sites. PIK3CA mutations were either maintained or acquired at metastatic sites. Both low HER3 protein expression and the presence of PIK3CA mutations in the primary tumor but not the metastatic tumor were associated with longer TTR. These observations suggest that HER3 protein expression may be an important prognostic factor for breast cancer progression.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-10-16.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sperinde
- Monogram Biosciences/Integrated Oncology/LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ; University of Modena, Modena, Italy; Penn State/Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Laboratory Corporation of America, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - J Lara
- Monogram Biosciences/Integrated Oncology/LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ; University of Modena, Modena, Italy; Penn State/Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Laboratory Corporation of America, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - R Michaelson
- Monogram Biosciences/Integrated Oncology/LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ; University of Modena, Modena, Italy; Penn State/Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Laboratory Corporation of America, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - X Sun
- Monogram Biosciences/Integrated Oncology/LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ; University of Modena, Modena, Italy; Penn State/Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Laboratory Corporation of America, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - P Conte
- Monogram Biosciences/Integrated Oncology/LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ; University of Modena, Modena, Italy; Penn State/Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Laboratory Corporation of America, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - V Guarneri
- Monogram Biosciences/Integrated Oncology/LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ; University of Modena, Modena, Italy; Penn State/Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Laboratory Corporation of America, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - E Barbieri
- Monogram Biosciences/Integrated Oncology/LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ; University of Modena, Modena, Italy; Penn State/Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Laboratory Corporation of America, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - S Ali
- Monogram Biosciences/Integrated Oncology/LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ; University of Modena, Modena, Italy; Penn State/Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Laboratory Corporation of America, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - K Leitzel
- Monogram Biosciences/Integrated Oncology/LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ; University of Modena, Modena, Italy; Penn State/Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Laboratory Corporation of America, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - J Weidler
- Monogram Biosciences/Integrated Oncology/LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ; University of Modena, Modena, Italy; Penn State/Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Laboratory Corporation of America, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Y Lie
- Monogram Biosciences/Integrated Oncology/LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ; University of Modena, Modena, Italy; Penn State/Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Laboratory Corporation of America, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - J Cook
- Monogram Biosciences/Integrated Oncology/LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ; University of Modena, Modena, Italy; Penn State/Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Laboratory Corporation of America, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - M Haddad
- Monogram Biosciences/Integrated Oncology/LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ; University of Modena, Modena, Italy; Penn State/Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Laboratory Corporation of America, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - A Paquet
- Monogram Biosciences/Integrated Oncology/LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ; University of Modena, Modena, Italy; Penn State/Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Laboratory Corporation of America, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - J Winslow
- Monogram Biosciences/Integrated Oncology/LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ; University of Modena, Modena, Italy; Penn State/Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Laboratory Corporation of America, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - J Howitt
- Monogram Biosciences/Integrated Oncology/LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ; University of Modena, Modena, Italy; Penn State/Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Laboratory Corporation of America, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - L Hurley
- Monogram Biosciences/Integrated Oncology/LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ; University of Modena, Modena, Italy; Penn State/Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Laboratory Corporation of America, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - M Eisenberg
- Monogram Biosciences/Integrated Oncology/LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ; University of Modena, Modena, Italy; Penn State/Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Laboratory Corporation of America, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - C Petropoulos
- Monogram Biosciences/Integrated Oncology/LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ; University of Modena, Modena, Italy; Penn State/Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Laboratory Corporation of America, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - W Huang
- Monogram Biosciences/Integrated Oncology/LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ; University of Modena, Modena, Italy; Penn State/Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Laboratory Corporation of America, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - A Lipton
- Monogram Biosciences/Integrated Oncology/LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ; University of Modena, Modena, Italy; Penn State/Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Lebanon VA Medical Center, Lebanon, PA; Laboratory Corporation of America, Research Triangle Park, NC
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Abstract
Over the past 250 years, human life expectancy has increased dramatically and continues to do so in most countries worldwide. Genetic factors account for about one third of variation in life expectancy so that most inter-individual variation in lifespan is explained by stochastic and environmental factors. The ageing process is plastic and is driven by the accumulation of molecular damage causing the changes in cell and tissue function which characterise the ageing phenotype. Early life exposures mark the developing embryo, foetus and child with potentially profound implications for the individual's ageing trajectory. Maternal factors including age, smoking, socioeconomic status, infections, nutritional status and season of birth influence offspring life expectancy and the development of age-related diseases. Although the mechanistic processes responsible are poorly understood, many of these factors appear to affect foetal growth directly or via effects on placental development. Those born relatively small i.e. which did not achieve their genetic potential in utero, appear to be at greatest disadvantage especially if they become overweight or obese in childhood. Early life events and exposures which enhance ageing are likely to contribute to molecular damage and/or reduce the repair of such damage. Such molecular damage may produce immediate defects in cellular or tissue function that are retained into later life. In addition, there is growing evidence that early life exposures produce aberrant patterns of epigenetic marks that are sustained across the life-course and result in down-regulation of cell defence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A S Langie
- Centre for Brain Ageing and Vitality, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne, UK.
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Gomera F, Aguilar J, Nuila L, Fabián Y, Candela G, Abdallah A, Esteban M, Calleja M, Lara J, López-Checa S. 233. Explante emergente de una corevalve por leak grave objetivo. Cirugía Cardiovascular 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1134-0096(12)70493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Parodi D, Besomi J, Tobar C, Valderrama J, Moya L, Mella C, Lara J, López J. Osteotomía cervical cuneiforme femoral para el tratamiento de la secuela de epifisiolisis. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Lara J, Taylor MA, Macdonald IA. Is ad libitum energy intake in overweight subjects reproducible in laboratory studies using the preload paradigm? Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64:1028-31. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dawood S, Ueno NT, Valero V, Andreopoulou E, Hsu L, Lara J, Woodward W, Buchholz TA, Hortobagyi GN, Cristofanilli M. Incidence of and survival following brain metastases among women with inflammatory breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2010; 21:2348-2355. [PMID: 20439340 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of and survival following brain metastases among women with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred and three women with newly diagnosed stage III/IV IBC diagnosed from 2003 to 2008, with known Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and hormone receptor status, were identified. Cumulative incidence of brain metastases was computed. Survival estimates were computed using the Kaplan-Meier product limit method. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to explore the relationship between breast tumor subtype and time to brain metastases. RESULTS Median follow-up was 20 months. Thirty-two (15.8%) patients developed brain metastases with a cumulative incidence at 1 and 2 years of 2.7% and 18.7%, respectively. Eleven (5.3%) patients developed brain metastases as the first site of recurrence with cumulative incidence at 1 and 2 years of 1.6% and 5.7%, respectively. Compared with women with triple receptor-negative IBC, those with hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative disease [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.19-1.51, P = 0.24] had a decreased risk of developing brain metastases, and those with HER2-positive disease (HR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.43-2.40, P = 0.97) had an increased risk of developing brain metastases, although these associations were not statistically significant. Median survival following a diagnosis of brain metastases was 6 months. CONCLUSION Women with newly diagnosed IBC have a high early incidence of brain metastases associated with poor survival and may be an ideal cohort to target for site-specific screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dawood
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - N T Ueno
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - V Valero
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Andreopoulou
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Hsu
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Lara
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W Woodward
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T A Buchholz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G N Hortobagyi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Cristofanilli
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Chavez-Mac Gregor M, Vranas P, Lara J, Jackson S, Willey J, Hsu L, Ueno N, Andreopoulou E, Valero V, Lucci A, Buzdar A, Buchholz D, Hortobagyi G, Cristofanilli M. Clinical Outcomes in Two Different Cohorts of Patients with Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) Treated at the MD Anderson Cancer Center: The Experience of the Morgan Welch IBC Research Program and Clinic. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-5119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) is a rare but aggressive manifestation of primary breast cancer. Survival in patients with IBC is significantly lower than for non-IBC breast cancer patients. Appropriate diagnostic and treatment strategies provided by a specialized multidisciplinary team could impact the overall prognosis of the disease. We recently established an IBC research program and clinic including investigators from various disciplines solely dedicated to this disease. We sought to compare the characteristics and clinical outcomes of newly diagnosed IBC patients evaluated and treated using novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches with an historical cohort of IBC patients treated at our institution.METHODS: We included 240 IBC patients treated at MD Anderson Cancer Center between January 1970 and August 2000. In this analysis we compared characteristics, 1 year progression free survival (PFS) and 1 year survival between the historic cohort and 47 patients diagnosed with IBC and seen at our IBC clinic between August 2007 and September 2008. The new patients are part of a prospective IBC registry. All of them had staging and monitoring with breast MRI and FDG-PET/CT. When indicated, they were treated with targeted therapies (e.g. trastuzumab and tipifarnib), that were not available for the patients in the old cohort. Descriptive statistics were used. Kaplan Meier product-limit method was used to calculate survival outcomes, groups were compare by log-rank test.RESULTS: Median age was similar in both cohorts (53 vs 51). In the new cohort 40% of the patients had evidence of distant metastasis at presentation. The most common sites were contralateral lymph nodes (26%), pleura (16%), bone (16%) and liver (11%). In the old cohort only 17% presented with stage IV. 38.7% of the new patients had Her2-neu amplified and 34%, triple receptor negative IBC. There was no difference in 1-year survival between the two groups (92.4% vs. 93.8%, p=0.637). For patients with stage III disease, the 1-year survival was 95% for both groups. The 1 year-PFS was 86.4% in the new cohort compared to 77.9% (p=0.43) in the old cohort. With a median follow up of 13 months, 51%of the patients in the new cohort are disease free and 87% are still alive.CONCLUSIONS: IBC is an aggressive but rare disease with poor prognosis. We have established a specialized IBC research program and clinic that introduces novel concepts and strategies in laboratory, imaging diagnostics and targeted therapies. This approach may accelerate our understanding of the biology, develop new therapeutic strategies and finally improve the outcome of IBC. Early results of this multidisciplinary approach show a modest, but not significant difference in outcome. We hope that with additional patients and longer follow-up a significant improvement in outcomes will become apparent.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5119.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P. Vranas
- 2Universtity of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX,
| | - J. Lara
- 2Universtity of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX,
| | - S. Jackson
- 2Universtity of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX,
| | - J. Willey
- 2Universtity of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX,
| | - L. Hsu
- 2Universtity of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX,
| | - N. Ueno
- 2Universtity of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX,
| | | | - V. Valero
- 2Universtity of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX,
| | - A. Lucci
- 3University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX,
| | - A. Buzdar
- 2Universtity of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX,
| | - D. Buchholz
- 4University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX,
| | - G. Hortobagyi
- 2Universtity of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX,
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Dawood S, Ueno N, Valero V, Andreopoulou E, Hsu L, Lara J, Woodward W, Buchholz T, Hortobagyi G, Cristofanilli M. Brain Metastases in Women with Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC): Incidence, Treatment and Outcome. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-2102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Brain metastases are an uncommon metastatic recurrence site in breast cancer with a median incidence of approximately 6% in unselected populations. Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive disease associated with dismal outcome. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of and survival following brain metastases among women with IBC.Material and Methods: Two hundred and six women with newly diagnosed stage III or IV IBC diagnosed between the period of between 2003 and 2008 were identified in a prospectively maintained IBC database at the MD Anderson Cancer Center. Cumulative incidence of brain metastases was computed. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to explore factors that predict for the development of brain metastases. Survival was computed using the Kaplan-Meier product limit method.Results: Median follow-up was 20 months. Eighty three (40.3%) women had de-novo stage IV disease and 123 (59.7%) had stage III disease at diagnosis. Thirty-three (16%) patients developed brain metastases with a cumulative incidence at 1 and 3 years of 2.7% and 22% respectively. Eleven (5.3%) patients developed brain metastases as the first site of recurrence with cumulative incidence at 1 and 3 years of 1.6% and 6.7% respectively. In the multivariable model, no specific factor was observed to be significantly associated with time to brain metastases, including HER-2 status. Median overall survival for the whole cohort was not reached. 3-year overall survival for the whole cohort was 78% (95% CI 69%-86%). Median survival following a diagnosis of brain metastases for all women who developed brain metastases or those who developed brain metastases as the first site of recurrence was 6 months.Conclusion: In this single-institutional study, women with IBC demonstrated a high early incidence of brain metastases associated with poor survival. As such IBC may be an ideal cohort to target screening procedures for brain metastases and/or enrollment of these women in clinical trials evaluating additional adjuvant preventive strategies.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2102.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Dawood
- 1Dubai Hospital, United Arab Emirates
| | - N. Ueno
- 2UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, TX,
| | - V. Valero
- 2UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, TX,
| | | | - L. Hsu
- 2UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, TX,
| | - J. Lara
- 2UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, TX,
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Lara J, Mark R, Anderson P, Akins R, Nair M. Interstitial High Dose Rate (HDR) Brachytherapy under Local Anesthesia for Early Stage Prostate Cancer: A Report of 467 Cases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cristofanilli M, Guarneri V, Valero V, Fritsche HA, Broglio KR, Reuben JM, Lara J, Krishnamurthy S, Hortobagyi GN. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in metastatic breast cancer: Biological value beyond tumor burden. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
615 Background: The detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can predict progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We evaluated the prognostic significance of baseline CTCs in relation to standard measures of tumor burden. Furthermore, we assessed if the prognostic value of CTCs was related to any particular molecular phenotype. Patients and Methods: One hundred twenty-three consecutive MBC patients (pts) evaluated prospectively between 12/2000 and 5/2005 were included in this analysis. CTCs from 7.5 mL of whole blood were isolated and enumerated using CellSearch system. Prognostic value was determined by analyzing the following factors, baseline level of CTCs (negative: <5 CTCs/7.5 mL; positive: ≥ 5 CTCs/7.5 mL), age (50 yrs<vs. >/=50 yrs), hormonal receptor (HR), Her-2/neu status, metastatic site (visceral vs. non-visceral), Swenerton score, CA27.29 levels, and previous chemotherapy for MBC (none vs. pre-treated), Results: Median age was 52 years (range 24–88) and the median follow-up was 7.7 months (range 0–53.4 months). The median OS for the alive pts was 17.5 months. Fifty-two pts (42%) had positive CTCs and abnormal CA27.29 was detected in 80 pts (66%). The median OS for patients with negative vs. positive CTCs were 28.3 months (range 1.28 - 31.24) and 12.8 months (range 1.71 to 36.83) respectively (p=0.0001). In the multivariable model, HR status, CTCs, and CA27.29 level were the only factors significantly related to OS. CTCs demonstrated the strongest predictor for OS and were associated with 2.53 times the risk of death (p = 0.003). The prognostic value of CTCs was independent of line of treatment, site of recurrence and phenotype of the disease. Conclusions: CTCs demonstrated prognostic value independent of standard measures of tumor burden and phenotypic characteristics of the disease. CTCs are an important marker of tumor biology in metastatic breast cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Cristofanilli
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - V. Guarneri
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - V. Valero
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - H. A. Fritsche
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - K. R. Broglio
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - J. M. Reuben
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - J. Lara
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - S. Krishnamurthy
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - G. N. Hortobagyi
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Modena, Modena, Italy
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Yokosawa J, Perez N, Lara J, Dimitrova Z, Ioshimoto L, Granovski N, Khudyakov Y. P.162 Cross-immunoreactivity between hepatitis C virus hypervariable region 1 variants as modeled with synthetic peptides. J Clin Virol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(06)80342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lin NU, Broadwater G, Dressler LG, Schnitt S, Lara J, Bleiweiss I, Ngo T, Miron A, Winer E, Harris LN. The predictive value of HER2 and p53 on outcomes after paclitaxel chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer: Results from CALGB 9342. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.9562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N. U. Lin
- Cancer and Leukemia Group B, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - S. Schnitt
- Cancer and Leukemia Group B, Chicago, IL
| | - J. Lara
- Cancer and Leukemia Group B, Chicago, IL
| | | | - T. Ngo
- Cancer and Leukemia Group B, Chicago, IL
| | - A. Miron
- Cancer and Leukemia Group B, Chicago, IL
| | - E. Winer
- Cancer and Leukemia Group B, Chicago, IL
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Abstract
Despite consistent epidemiological evidence that weight gain is linked to higher fat and lower carbohydrate consumption, supported by animal evidence and the inescapable truth that fat supplies 9 kcal/g compared to 3.75 kcal/g from carbohydrates, low-carbohydrate "Atkins" style diets are heavily promoted for obesity control. The randomised controlled trial evidence is very small. The totality of the evidence continues to show that low-carbohydrate diets are marginally disadvantageous for long-term health and for weight maintenance. People can lose weight equally well on low-carbohydrate ("Atkins-style") diets, and some groups of obese patients tend to lose a little more than on high-carbohydrate groups. This small difference (1-2 kg) may be explained by rapid loss of (glycogen-associated) body water, or by the influence of extraordinary media coverage leading to elevation of expectation and compliance with low-carbohydrate diets in the short term.
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Sánchez-Castillo CP, Lara J, Romero-Keith J, Castorena G, Villa AR, López N, Pedraza J, Medina O, Rodríguez C, Chávez-Peón Medina F, James WP. Nutrition and cataract in low-income Mexicans: experience in an Eye camp. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2001; 51:113-21. [PMID: 11678042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Surgical Eye-camps for cataract treatment of low-income adult Mexicans have been undertaken over the last 10 years. Despite the high prevalence of cataracts among these subjects, no assessment of their nutritional or health status has ever been made. We compare the results obtained for 81 adults (44 men and 37 women) who received treatment in May 1997 with those for a "control" group of age and sex-matched but affluent individuals in Mexico City. alpha-Tocopherol and beta-carotene were assessed and analysed by HPLC and colorimetric procedures, respectively. The plasma tocopherol to cholesterol ratio did not reveal deficiencies of this vitamin, and only 5 patients (2 men and 3 women) had low beta-carotene plasma levels. The patients had high BMI values, with 32% of men and 30% of women overweight, and 2% and 14%, respectively, obese, with higher glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride values reflecting enhanced insulin resistance and lipid abnormalities. The alkaline phosphatase values were elevated suggesting that many of these blind patients are osteomalacic because they now remain indoors. Although it has been suggested that an adequate intake of carotenes and tocopherol are associated with absence of cataract, this appears not to be the case in our study population. Surveys in Mexico have revealed, however, a highly prevalent deficiency of other vitamins such as niacin and riboflavin, both of which have been proved to be protective against cataract. It appears that nutritional deficiencies, obesity, incipient diabetes and lipid disorders co-exist in modern Mexico. We have identified a need for research to aid the design of preventive nutritional approaches at the population level that could be applied in parallel with ongoing surgical treatment.
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Abstract
A 61-year-old diabetic woman presented with a mycotic aneurysm of the aortic arch, also involving the left subclavian and vertebral arteries, caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Two months before, she had suffered from staphylococcal septic arthritis in her left knee. The patient was treated with antibiotics and an emergency operation was performed involving aneurysm excision and in situ synthetic graft replacement. She died on the fourth postoperative day from hemorrhagic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Aliaga
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Grandada, Spain.
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Cobo F, Lara J, Díaz F, Aliaga L. [Mediastinal mass and hemoptysis]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2000; 18:137-8. [PMID: 10905016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Cobo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada
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Abstract
Large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BK) are believed to underlie interburst intervals and contribute to the control of hormone release in several secretory cells. In crustacean neurosecretory cells, Ca2+ entry associated with electrical activity could act as a modulator of membrane K+ conductance. Therefore we studied the contribution of BK channels to the macroscopic outward current in the X-organ of crayfish, and their participation in electrophysiological activity, as well as their sensitivity toward intracellular Ca2+, ATP, and voltage, by using the patch-clamp technique. The BK channels had a conductance of 223 pS and rectified inwardly in symmetrical K+. These channels were highly selective to K+ ions; potassium permeability (PK) value was 2.3 x 10(-13) cm(3) s(-1). The BK channels were sensitive to internal Ca2+ concentration, voltage dependent, and activated by intracellular MgATP. Voltage sensitivity (k) was approximately 13 mV, and the half-activation membrane potentials depended on the internal Ca2+ concentration. Calcium ions (0.3-3 microM) applied to the internal membrane surface caused an enhancement of the channel activity. This activation of BK channels by internal calcium had a KD(0) of 0.22 microM and was probably due to the binding of only one or two Ca2+ ions to the channel. Addition of MgATP (0.01-3 mM) to the internal solution increased steady state-open probability. The dissociation constant for MgATP (KD) was 119 microM, and the Hill coefficient (h) was 0.6, according to the Hill analysis. Ca2+-activated K+ currents recorded from whole cells were suppressed by either adding Cd2+ (0.4 mM) or removing Ca2+ ions from the external solution. TEA (1 mM) or charybdotoxin (100 nM) blocked these currents. Our results showed that both BK and K(ATP) channels are present in the same cell. Even when BK and K(ATP) channels were voltage dependent and modulated by internal Ca2+ and ATP, the profile of sensitivity was quite different for each kind of channel. It is tempting to suggest that BK and KATP channels contribute independently to the regulation of spontaneous discharge patterns in crayfish neurosecretory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lara
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28000, Mexico
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Riobo P, Turbi C, Banet R, Badia A, Lara J, Miranda R, Herrera-Pombo J. Colonic Volvulus and Ulcerative Jejunoileitis Due to Occult Celiac Sprue. Am J Med Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(15)40339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Caminos E, Velasco A, Vecino E, Lara J, Aijón J. Diencephalic and mesencephalic structures related to the optic nerve organization in tench (Tinca tinca L., 1758). A study using fluoro-gold. Arch Ital Biol 1998; 136:1-16. [PMID: 9492942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The location of several diencephalic and mesencephalic structures in the teleost fish, Tinca tinca, which have not been described previously, was made possible by injecting Fluoro-Gold, as an anterograde and retrograde tracer, into the optic nerve. In the pretectal area, we found the tractus opticus accessorius and the nucleus opticus dorsolateralis. We have made some specifications about the location and nomenclature of the branches belonging to the optic tracts and two nuclei also related to the visual system (the nucleus commissura posterior and the nucleus pretectalis periventricularis pars dorsalis). This study also presents the retinal projections to the optic tectum and the glial cells in the injected optic nerve of the tench. The laminar nucleus and Edinger-Westphal nucleus are also identified and described in relation to the ciliary pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Caminos
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Patología, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
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49
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Abstract
Expressions associated with a previously developed procedure to assess respirator cartridge service-life were modified to address the cartridge breakthrough properties of each of individual compounds comprising systems with more than two components. These were applied to specific ternary and quaternary test mixtures. Experimental breakthrough data were collected for (1) acetone/cyclohexane/toluene, (2) ethyl acetate/cyclohexane/toluene, (3) cyclohexane/toluene/ m-xylene, (4) ethyl acetate/cyclohexane/toluene/m-xylene, and (5) acetone/ cyclohexane/toluene/ m-xylene. Data indicate that as an exposure experiment proceeds, a compound that is adsorbed relatively weakly by the carbon bed may be displaced by a more strongly adsorbed component, which may result in a breakthrough concentration for displaced compounds that exceeds the challenge concentration in the mixture. The approach described accounts for the displacement phenomenon and can predict the ratio of the number of displaced molecules to the corresponding number of displacing molecules. Experimental data for each multicomponent system were used to determine values of three parameters (k', tau, and A(m)) for each compound in each challenge system. The value of k' characterizes the rate of adsorption of a compound under applicable experimental conditions, tau indicates the capacity of the charcoal, and A(m) describes the effectiveness of a compound in displacing a previously adsorbed compound. Parameter values were applied to calculate complete breakthrough curves for each compound of each mixture. Calculated curves were compared with corresponding experimental data; reasonable agreement justifies simplifying assumptions incorporated into the application of the approach to mixtures of more than two compounds. The time-dependence of the weight of each compound adsorbed by the carbon was calculated. The service-life of respirator cartridges exposed to multicomponent mixtures depends on the challenge concentration of each component of the system and is significantly influenced by the displacement effect. The adsorption capacity of the carbon and the breakthrough time for weakly adsorbed compounds are decreased significantly by exposure to mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Yoon
- DataChem Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT 84123, USA
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Onetti CG, Lara J, García E. Adenine nucleotides and intracellular Ca2+ regulate a voltage-dependent and glucose-sensitive potassium channel in neurosecretory cells. Pflugers Arch 1996; 432:144-54. [PMID: 8662279 DOI: 10.1007/s004240050116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Effects of membrane potential, intracellular Ca2+ and adenine nucleotides on glucose-sensitive channels from X organ (XO) neurons of the crayfish were studied in excised inside-out patches. Glucose- sensitive channels were selective to K+ ions; the unitary conductance was 112 pS in symmetrical K+, and the K+ permeability (PK) was 1.3 x 10(-13) cm x s(-1). An inward rectification was observed when intracellular K+ was reduced. Using a quasi-physiological K+ gradient, a non-linear K+ current/voltage relationship was found showing an outward rectification and a slope conductance of 51 pS. The open-state probability (Po) increased with membrane depolarization as a result of an enhancement of the mean open time and a shortening of the longer period of closures. In quasi-physio- logical K+ concentrations, the channel was activated from a threshold of about -60 mV, and the activation midpoint was -2 mV. Po decreased noticeably at 50 microM internal adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), and single-channel activity was totally abolished at 1 mM ATP. Hill analysis shows that this inhibition was the result of simultaneous binding of two ATP molecules to the channel, and the half-blocking concentration of ATP was 174 microM. Internal application of 5'-adenylylimidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) as well as glibenclamide also decreased Po. By contrast, the application of internal ADP (0.1 to 2 mM) activated this channel. An optimal range of internal free Ca2+ ions (0.1 to 10 microM) was required for the activation of this channel. The glucose--sensitive K+ channel of XO neurons could be considered as a subtype of ATP-sensitive K+ channel, contributing substantially to macroscopic outward current.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Onetti
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Apdo. Postal 199, C.P. 28000, Colima, Col. Mexico
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