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Duthie MS, Pereira L, Favila M, Hofmeyer KA, Reed SJ, Metangmo S, Townsend S, Laurance JD, Picone A, Misquith A, Hossain F, Ghosh P, Khan MAA, Guderian J, Bailor HR, Liang H, Vergara J, Oliveira F, Howard RF, Kamhawi S, Mondal D, Coler RN, Valenzuela JG, Reed SG. A defined subunit vaccine that protects against vector-borne visceral leishmaniasis. NPJ Vaccines 2017; 2:23. [PMID: 29263878 PMCID: PMC5627294 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-017-0025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine development for vector-borne pathogens may be accelerated through the use of relevant challenge models, as has been the case for malaria. Because of the demonstrated biological importance of vector-derived molecules in establishing natural infections, incorporating natural challenge models into vaccine development strategies may increase the accuracy of predicting efficacy under field conditions. Until recently, however, there was no natural challenge model available for the evaluation of vaccine candidates against visceral leishmaniasis. We previously demonstrated that a candidate vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis containing the antigen LEISH-F3 could provide protection in preclinical models and induce potent T-cell responses in human volunteers. In the present study, we describe a next generation candidate, LEISH-F3+, generated by adding a third antigen to the LEISH-F3 di-fusion protein. The rationale for adding a third component, derived from cysteine protease (CPB), was based on previously demonstrated protection achieved with this antigen, as well as on recognition by human T cells from individuals with latent infection. Prophylactic immunization with LEISH-F3+formulated with glucopyranosyl lipid A adjuvant in stable emulsion significantly reduced both Leishmania infantum and L. donovani burdens in needle challenge mouse models of infection. Importantly, the data obtained in these infection models were validated by the ability of LEISH-F3+/glucopyranosyl lipid A adjuvant in stable emulsion to induce significant protection in hamsters, a model of both infection and disease, following challenge by L. donovani-infected Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies, a natural vector. This is an important demonstration of vaccine protection against visceral leishmaniasis using a natural challenge model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm S. Duthie
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
| | - Lais Pereira
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852 USA
| | - Michelle Favila
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
| | - Kimberly A. Hofmeyer
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
| | - S. Jim Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
| | - Sonia Metangmo
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852 USA
| | - Shannon Townsend
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852 USA
| | - John D. Laurance
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
| | - Alessandro Picone
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
| | - Ayesha Misquith
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
| | - Faria Hossain
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Laboratory Sciences Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Prakash Ghosh
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Laboratory Sciences Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Anik Ashfaq Khan
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Laboratory Sciences Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jeffery Guderian
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
| | - H. Remy Bailor
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
| | - Hong Liang
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
| | - Julie Vergara
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
| | - Fabiano Oliveira
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852 USA
| | - Randall F. Howard
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
| | - Shaden Kamhawi
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852 USA
| | - Dinesh Mondal
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Laboratory Sciences Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rhea N. Coler
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
| | - Jesus G. Valenzuela
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852 USA
| | - Steven G. Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
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Duthie MS, Favila M, Hofmeyer KA, Tutterrow YL, Reed SJ, Laurance JD, Picone A, Guderian J, Bailor HR, Vallur AC, Liang H, Mohamath R, Vergara J, Howard RF, Coler RN, Reed SG. Strategic evaluation of vaccine candidate antigens for the prevention of Visceral Leishmaniasis. Vaccine 2016; 34:2779-86. [PMID: 27142329 PMCID: PMC4889780 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Leishmania parasites results in a range of clinical manifestations and outcomes, the most severe of which is visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Vaccination will likely provide the most effective long-term control strategy, as the large number of vectors and potential infectious reservoirs renders sustained interruption of Leishmania parasite transmission extremely difficult. Selection of the best vaccine is complicated because, although several vaccine antigen candidates have been proposed, they have emerged following production in different platforms. To consolidate the information that has been generated into a single vaccine platform, we expressed seven candidates as recombinant proteins in E. coli. After verifying that each recombinant protein could be recognized by VL patients, we evaluated their protective efficacy against experimental L. donovani infection of mice. Administration in formulation with the Th1-potentiating adjuvant GLA-SE indicated that each antigen could elicit antigen-specific Th1 responses that were protective. Considering the ability to reduce parasite burden along with additional factors such as sequence identity across Leishmania species, we then generated a chimeric fusion protein comprising a combination of the 8E, p21 and SMT proteins. This E. coli –expressed fusion protein was also demonstrated to protect against L. donovani infection. These data indicate a novel recombinant vaccine antigen with the potential for use in VL control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm S Duthie
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
| | - Michelle Favila
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Kimberley A Hofmeyer
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Yeung L Tutterrow
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Steven J Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - John D Laurance
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Alessandro Picone
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Jeffrey Guderian
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - H Remy Bailor
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Aarthy C Vallur
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Hong Liang
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Raodoh Mohamath
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Julie Vergara
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Randall F Howard
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Rhea N Coler
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Steven G Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
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Coler RN, Duthie MS, Hofmeyer KA, Guderian J, Jayashankar L, Vergara J, Rolf T, Misquith A, Laurance JD, Raman VS, Bailor HR, Cauwelaert ND, Reed SJ, Vallur A, Favila M, Orr MT, Ashman J, Ghosh P, Mondal D, Reed SG. From mouse to man: safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of a candidate leishmaniasis vaccine LEISH-F3+GLA-SE. Clin Transl Immunology 2015; 4:e35. [PMID: 26175894 PMCID: PMC4488838 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2015.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Key antigens of Leishmania species identified in the context of host responses in Leishmania-exposed individuals from disease-endemic areas were prioritized for the development of a subunit vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis (VL), the most deadly form of leishmaniasis. Two Leishmania proteins—nucleoside hydrolase and a sterol 24-c-methyltransferase, each of which are protective in animal models of VL when properly adjuvanted— were produced as a single recombinant fusion protein NS (LEISH-F3) for ease of antigen production and broad coverage of a heterogeneous major histocompatibility complex population. When formulated with glucopyranosyl lipid A-stable oil-in-water nanoemulsion (GLA-SE), a Toll-like receptor 4 TH1 (T helper 1) promoting nanoemulsion adjuvant, the LEISH-F3 polyprotein induced potent protection against both L. donovani and L. infantum in mice, measured as significant reductions in liver parasite burdens. A robust immune response to each component of the vaccine with polyfunctional CD4 TH1 cell responses characterized by production of antigen-specific interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-2 (IL-2), and low levels of IL-5 and IL-10 was induced in immunized mice. We also demonstrate that CD4 T cells, but not CD8 T cells, are sufficient for protection against L. donovani infection in immunized mice. Based on the sum of preclinical data, we prepared GMP materials and performed a phase 1 clinical study with LEISH-F3+GLA-SE in healthy, uninfected adults in the United States. The vaccine candidate was shown to be safe and induced a strong antigen-specific immune response, as evidenced by cytokine and immunoglobulin subclass data. These data provide a strong rationale for additional trials in Leishmania-endemic countries in populations vulnerable to VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea N Coler
- Infectious Disease Research Institute , Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Julie Vergara
- Infectious Disease Research Institute , Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tom Rolf
- Infectious Disease Research Institute , Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - H Remy Bailor
- Infectious Disease Research Institute , Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Steven J Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute , Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aarthy Vallur
- Infectious Disease Research Institute , Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Mark T Orr
- Infectious Disease Research Institute , Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jill Ashman
- Infectious Disease Research Institute , Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Prakash Ghosh
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, Parasitology Laboratory , Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Dinesh Mondal
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Centre for Nutrition and Food Security, Parasitology Laboratory , Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Steven G Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute , Seattle, WA, USA
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Desbien AL, Reed SJ, Bailor HR, Dubois Cauwelaert N, Laurance JD, Orr MT, Fox CB, Carter D, Reed SG, Duthie MS. Squalene emulsion potentiates the adjuvant activity of the TLR4 agonist, GLA, via inflammatory caspases, IL-18, and IFN-γ. Eur J Immunol 2014; 45:407-17. [PMID: 25367751 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic TLR4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) is a potent Th1-response-inducing adjuvant when formulated in a squalene oil-in-water emulsion (SE). While the innate signals triggered by TLR4 engagement are well studied, the contribution of SE remains unclear. To better understand the effect of SE on the adjuvant properties of GLA-SE, we compared the innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by immunization with different formulations: GLA without oil, SE alone or the combination, GLA-SE, in mice. Within the innate response to adjuvants, only GLA-SE displayed features of inflammasome activation, evidenced by early IL-18 secretion and IFN-γ production in memory CD8(+) T cells and neutrophils. Such early IFN-γ production was ablated in caspase-1/11(-/-) mice and in IL-18R1(-/-) mice. Furthermore, caspase-1/11 and IL-18 were also required for full Th1 CD4(+) T-cell induction via GLA-SE. Thus, we demonstrate that IL-18 and caspase-1/11 are components of the response to immunization with the TLR4 agonist/squalene oil-in-water based adjuvant, GLA-SE, providing implications for other adjuvants that combine oils with TLR agonists.
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Orr MT, Kramer RM, Barnes L, Dowling QM, Desbien AL, Beebe EA, Laurance JD, Fox CB, Reed SG, Coler RN, Vedvick TS. Elimination of the cold-chain dependence of a nanoemulsion adjuvanted vaccine against tuberculosis by lyophilization. J Control Release 2013; 177:20-6. [PMID: 24382398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation rationally-designed vaccine adjuvants represent a significant breakthrough to enable development of vaccines against challenging diseases including tuberculosis, HIV, and malaria. New vaccine candidates often require maintenance of a cold-chain process to ensure long-term stability and separate vials to enable bedside mixing of antigen and adjuvant. This presents a significant financial and technological barrier to worldwide implementation of such vaccines. Herein we describe the development and characterization of a tuberculosis vaccine comprised of both antigen and adjuvant components that are stable in a single vial at sustained elevated temperatures. Further this vaccine retains the ability to elicit both antibody and TH1 responses against the vaccine antigen and protect against experimental challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These results represent a significant breakthrough in the development of vaccine candidates that can be implemented throughout the world without being hampered by the necessity of a continuous cold chain or separate adjuvant and antigen vials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Orr
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
| | - Ryan M Kramer
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Lucien Barnes
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | | | | | - Elyse A Beebe
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - John D Laurance
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | | | - Steven G Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Rhea N Coler
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
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Windish HP, Duthie MS, Misquith A, Ireton G, Lucas E, Laurance JD, Bailor RH, Coler RN, Reed SG. Corrigendum to “Protection of mice from Mycobacterium tuberculosis by ID87/GLA-SE, a novel tuberculosis subunit vaccine candidate” [Vaccine 29 (2011) 7842–7848]. Vaccine 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Windish HP, Duthie MS, Misquith A, Ireton G, Lucas E, Laurance JD, Bailor RH, Coler RN, Reed SG. Protection of mice from Mycobacterium tuberculosis by ID87/GLA-SE, a novel tuberculosis subunit vaccine candidate. Vaccine 2011; 29:7842-8. [PMID: 21816196 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a major health concern. Non-living tuberculosis (TB) vaccine candidates may not only be safer than the current vaccine (BCG) but could also be used to boost BCG to enhance or elongate protection. No subunit vaccines, however, are currently available for TB. To address this gap and to improve the global TB situation, we have generated a defined subunit vaccine by genetically fusing the genes of 3 potent protein Mtb antigens, Rv2875, Rv3478 and Rv1886, into a single product: ID87. When delivered with a TLR4 agonist-based adjuvant, GLA-SE, ID87 immunization reduced Mtb burden in the lungs of experimentally infected mice. The reduction in bacterial burden of ID87/GLA-SE immunized mice was accompanied by an early and significant leukocyte infiltration into the lungs during the infectious process. ID87/GLA-SE appears to be a promising new vaccine candidate that warrants further development.
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