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Calses P, Clark S, Corpuz J, Fong S, Gerkin P, Hekmatnejad M, McMahon E, Murray M, Nguyen T, Phan T, Roberts A, Schwartz P, Shanafelt M, Tanaka H, Tomczyk J, Widen J, Williams M, Eksterowicz J, Erlanson D, Evangelista M, Hermann J, Neve RM, Patel S, Webster KR. Abstract 3601: Discovery of novel dual-acting KRASG12C inhibitors that target both the active and inactive forms of the protein. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated genes in cancer with alterations occurring in > 14% of all tumors. Recent advances have led to the discovery and development of inhibitors that bind the inactive (GDP-bound) form of KRASG12C. The most advanced of these first-generation molecules demonstrated clinical response rates of 30-45% and approximately 6-month progression-free survival in lung cancer patients. While significant, a majority of patients failed to achieve a clinical response and acquired resistance can be rapid. One hypothesis to explain tumor resistance is the failure of existing inhibitors to recognize the activated (GTP-bound) form of KRASG12C that can be upregulated in response to these first-generation inhibitors. Here we report the discovery of a series of novel inhibitors that effectively inhibit both the GTP- and GDP-bound forms of KRASG12C. These “dual-acting” inhibitors bind in the switch II pocket of both GTP-bound and GDP-bound KRASG12C and rapidly form a covalent bond with cysteine 12. This results in significantly increased inhibition of RAF1 and PI3Kα effector interactions (IC50 < 5 nM at 2 hrs.) in comparison to inactive state inhibitors. Dual targeting of both GTP- and GDP-bound KRASG12C results in potent cellular activity in models that are both sensitive (NCI-H358 and MIA PaCa-2) and resistant (NCI-H2122) to adagrasib and sotorasib. In contrast to adagrasib and sotorasib which are less effective in the NCI-H2122 cell line model, dual-acting inhibitors of GTP- and GDP-bound KRASG12C elicit rapid inhibition of pERK in < 1 hour with sustained inhibition of MAPK signaling through 48 hours. To model resistance to first generation inhibitors, an A59G mutation was introduced into KRASG12C, abrogating GTPase activity. This decreases the activity of both adagrasib and sotorasib in tumor cell viability assays by more than an order of magnitude whereas dual-acting inhibitors of GTP- and GDP-bound KRASG12C are equally effective in the G12C/A59G and parental G12C cell lines. Evaluation of dual-acting inhibitors of KRASG12C in vivo demonstrated rapid and > 90% KRASG12C target occupancy, resulting in regression of MIA PaCa-2 tumors. Dual-acting inhibitors of both the active and inactive states of KRASG12C may provide the potential for broader and more durable responses in the clinic.
Citation Format: Philamer Calses, Sam Clark, Jacob Corpuz, Susan Fong, Phil Gerkin, Mohammad Hekmatnejad, Evan McMahon, Megan Murray, Truc Nguyen, Tony Phan, Allison Roberts, Phillip Schwartz, Mikayla Shanafelt, Hiroko Tanaka, Jennifer Tomczyk, John Widen, Monika Williams, John Eksterowicz, Daniel Erlanson, Marie Evangelista, Johannes Hermann, Richard M. Neve, Snahel Patel, Kevin R. Webster. Discovery of novel dual-acting KRASG12C inhibitors that target both the active and inactive forms of the protein [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3601.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sam Clark
- 1Frontier Medicines Corp, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Jacob Corpuz
- 1Frontier Medicines Corp, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Susan Fong
- 1Frontier Medicines Corp, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Phil Gerkin
- 1Frontier Medicines Corp, South San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Evan McMahon
- 1Frontier Medicines Corp, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Megan Murray
- 1Frontier Medicines Corp, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Truc Nguyen
- 1Frontier Medicines Corp, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Tony Phan
- 1Frontier Medicines Corp, South San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John Widen
- 1Frontier Medicines Corp, South San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Snahel Patel
- 1Frontier Medicines Corp, South San Francisco, CA
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Du X, Moore J, Blank BR, Eksterowicz J, Sutimantanapi D, Yuen N, Metzger T, Chan B, Huang T, Chen X, Chen Y, Duong F, Kong W, Chang JH, Sun J, Zavorotinskaya T, Ye Q, Junttila MR, Ndubaku C, Friedman LS, Fantin VR, Sun D. Orally Bioavailable Small-Molecule CD73 Inhibitor (OP-5244) Reverses Immunosuppression through Blockade of Adenosine Production. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10433-10459. [PMID: 32865411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The adenosinergic pathway represents an attractive new therapeutic approach in cancer immunotherapy. In this pathway, ecto-5-nucleotidase CD73 has the unique function of regulating production of immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO) through the hydrolysis of AMP. CD73 is overexpressed in many cancers, resulting in elevated levels of ADO that correspond to poor patient prognosis. Therefore, reducing the level of ADO via inhibition of CD73 is a potential strategy for treating cancers. Based on the binding mode of adenosine 5'-(α,β-methylene)diphosphate (AOPCP) with human CD73, we designed a series of novel monophosphonate small-molecule CD73 inhibitors. Among them, OP-5244 (35) proved to be a highly potent and orally bioavailable CD73 inhibitor. In preclinical studies, 35 completely inhibited ADO production in both human cancer cells and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, 35 lowered the ratio of ADO/AMP significantly and reversed immunosuppression in mouse models, indicating its potential as an in vivo tool compound for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Du
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, 240 E. Grand Avenue, Floor 2, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jared Moore
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, 240 E. Grand Avenue, Floor 2, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Brian R Blank
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, 240 E. Grand Avenue, Floor 2, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John Eksterowicz
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, 240 E. Grand Avenue, Floor 2, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dena Sutimantanapi
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, 240 E. Grand Avenue, Floor 2, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Natalie Yuen
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, 240 E. Grand Avenue, Floor 2, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Todd Metzger
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, 240 E. Grand Avenue, Floor 2, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Brenda Chan
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, 240 E. Grand Avenue, Floor 2, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Tom Huang
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, 240 E. Grand Avenue, Floor 2, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, 240 E. Grand Avenue, Floor 2, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yuping Chen
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, 240 E. Grand Avenue, Floor 2, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Frank Duong
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, 240 E. Grand Avenue, Floor 2, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wayne Kong
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, 240 E. Grand Avenue, Floor 2, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jae H Chang
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, 240 E. Grand Avenue, Floor 2, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jessica Sun
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, 240 E. Grand Avenue, Floor 2, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Tatiana Zavorotinskaya
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, 240 E. Grand Avenue, Floor 2, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Qiuping Ye
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, 240 E. Grand Avenue, Floor 2, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Melissa R Junttila
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, 240 E. Grand Avenue, Floor 2, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Chudi Ndubaku
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, 240 E. Grand Avenue, Floor 2, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lori S Friedman
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, 240 E. Grand Avenue, Floor 2, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Valeria R Fantin
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, 240 E. Grand Avenue, Floor 2, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Daqing Sun
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, 240 E. Grand Avenue, Floor 2, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Du X, Eksterowicz J, Zhou H, Rew Y, Zhu L, Yan X, Medina JC, Huang T, Chen X, Sutimantanapi D, Jahchan N, Kong W, Sun J, Zavorotinskaya T, Ye Q, Fantin VR, Sun D. Discovery of a Potent Steroidal Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonist with Enhanced Selectivity against the Progesterone and Androgen Receptors (OP-3633). J Med Chem 2019; 62:6751-6764. [PMID: 31274313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Structure-based modification of mifepristone (1) led to the discovery of novel mifepristone derivatives with improved selectivity profile. Addition of a methyl group at the C10 position of the steroid has a significant impact on progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR) activity. Within this series, OP-3633 (15) emerged as a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist with increased selectivity against PR and AR, improved cytochrome P450 inhibition profile, and significantly improved pharmacokinetic properties compared to 1. Furthermore, 15 demonstrated substantial inhibition of GR transcriptional activity in the GR positive HCC1806 triple negative breast cancer xenograft model. Overall, compound 15 is a promising GR antagonist candidate to clinically evaluate the impact of GR inhibition in reversal or prevention of therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Du
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - John Eksterowicz
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Haiying Zhou
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Yosup Rew
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Liusheng Zhu
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Xuelei Yan
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Julio C Medina
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Tom Huang
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Xi Chen
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Dena Sutimantanapi
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Nadine Jahchan
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Wayne Kong
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Jessica Sun
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Tatiana Zavorotinskaya
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Qiuping Ye
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Valeria R Fantin
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Daqing Sun
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 E. Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
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Zhou H, Sun J, Kong W, Rew Y, Du X, Eksterowicz J, Sun D, Ye Q, Kabbarah O, Fantin VR. Abstract 3822: ORIC-101 reverses a GR-driven EMT-like phenotype and sensitizes TNBC cells to chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-3822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) is a member of the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors that is activated by human cortisol and synthetic glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone (Dex). Upon ligand binding, GR translocates to the nucleus and regulates the expression of a wide spectrum of genes involved in diverse biological processes, including inflammation, immunity, metabolism, cell cycle, and differentiation. Dysregulated cortisol levels are associated with poor prognosis, drug resistance, and increased cancer recurrence. Multiple studies have shown that GR inhibition reverses resistance to chemotherapy in cancers of epithelial origin including prostate, bladder, renal, ovarian, pancreatic, and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).
We have recently reported the discovery of ORIC-101, a potent GR antagonist with a unique cytochrome P450 inhibition profile that makes this compound particularly suitable for combination with taxanes such as paclitaxel (Rew Y et al, 2018). Consistent with previous reports, our data showed that activation of GR promoted growth of TNBC cells in 3D culture conditions and protected TNBC cells from paclitaxel. Treatment with ORIC-101 fully reversed these effects. To understand the molecular basis of the observed GR-mediated chemotherapy resistance, we set out to isolate the pool of TNBC cells that escaped from paclitaxel treatment in the presence of Dex. Molecular profiling of these “chemotherapy escapees” pointed to a number of glucocorticoid-regulated biological pathways, including basal stem cell lineage genes and mesenchymal markers, suggesting the acquisition of an EMT-like phenotype in chemo-resistant cells. In support of this finding, we found using ChIP-seq analysis that GR directly bound within the promoter/enhancer regions of well-established EMT genes such as SNAI2 and FN1, and regulated their expression in response to Dex treatment. Functionally, RNAi-mediated knockdown of SNAI2 partially restored sensitivity to paclitaxel, suggesting that the GR-driven EMT phenotype contributes to paclitaxel resistance in TNBC cells. Consistent with the in vitro observations, immunohistochemical analysis showed that GR activation upregulated the levels of both basal stem cell and mesenchymal markers in “chemotherapy escapees” from paclitaxel-treated TNBC xenografts. Importantly oral administration of ORIC-101 fully blocked these effects.
Altogether, we found that activation of GR drove an EMT-like phenotype in TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo. ORIC-101 reversed these effects and sensitized TNBC cells to chemotherapy. Our findings thus provide mechanistic insights into the role of GR as a mediator of therapy resistance in TNBC. Clinical evaluation is being planned to assess the therapeutic potential of ORIC-101 in combination with standard-of-care chemotherapeutic agents.
Citation Format: Haiying Zhou, Jessica Sun, Wayne Kong, Yosup Rew, Xiaohui Du, John Eksterowicz, Daqing Sun, Qiuping Ye, Omar Kabbarah, Valeria R. Fantin. ORIC-101 reverses a GR-driven EMT-like phenotype and sensitizes TNBC cells to chemotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3822.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Sun
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Wayne Kong
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Yosup Rew
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Xiaohui Du
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Daqing Sun
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Qiuping Ye
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA
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5
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Rew Y, Du X, Eksterowicz J, Zhou H, Jahchan N, Zhu L, Yan X, Kawai H, McGee LR, Medina JC, Huang T, Chen C, Zavorotinskaya T, Sutimantanapi D, Waszczuk J, Jackson E, Huang E, Ye Q, Fantin VR, Sun D. Discovery of a Potent and Selective Steroidal Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonist (ORIC-101). J Med Chem 2018; 61:7767-7784. [PMID: 30091920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has been linked to therapy resistance across a wide range of cancer types. Preclinical data suggest that antagonists of this nuclear receptor may enhance the activity of anticancer therapy. The first-generation GR antagonist mifepristone is currently undergoing clinical evaluation in various oncology settings. Structure-based modification of mifepristone led to the discovery of ORIC-101 (28), a highly potent steroidal GR antagonist with reduced androgen receptor (AR) agonistic activity amenable for dosing in androgen receptor positive tumors and with improved CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 inhibition profile to minimize drug-drug interaction potential. Unlike mifepristone, 28 could be codosed with chemotherapeutic agents readily metabolized by CYP2C8 such as paclitaxel. Furthermore, 28 demonstrated in vivo antitumor activity by enhancing response to chemotherapy in the GR+ OVCAR5 ovarian cancer xenograft model. Clinical evaluation of safety and therapeutic potential of 28 is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosup Rew
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Xiaohui Du
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - John Eksterowicz
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Haiying Zhou
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Nadine Jahchan
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Liusheng Zhu
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Xuelei Yan
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Hiroyuki Kawai
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Lawrence R McGee
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Julio C Medina
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Tom Huang
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Chelsea Chen
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Tatiana Zavorotinskaya
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Dena Sutimantanapi
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Joanna Waszczuk
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Erica Jackson
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Elizabeth Huang
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Qiuping Ye
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Valeria R Fantin
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Daqing Sun
- ORIC Pharmaceuticals , 240 East Grand Avenue, Fl2 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
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Min X, Ungureanu D, Maxwell S, Hammarén H, Thibault S, Hillert EK, Ayres M, Greenfield B, Eksterowicz J, Gabel C, Walker N, Silvennoinen O, Wang Z. Structural and Functional Characterization of the JH2 Pseudokinase Domain of JAK Family Tyrosine Kinase 2 (TYK2). J Biol Chem 2015; 290:27261-27270. [PMID: 26359499 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.672048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK (Janus family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases) family tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) participates in signaling through cytokine receptors involved in immune responses and inflammation. JAKs are characterized by dual kinase domain: a tyrosine kinase domain (JH1) that is preceded by a pseudokinase domain (JH2). The majority of disease-associated mutations in JAKs map to JH2, demonstrating its central regulatory function. JH2s were considered catalytically inactive, but JAK2 JH2 was found to have low autoregulatory catalytic activity. Whether the other JAK JH2s share ATP binding and enzymatic activity has been unclear. Here we report the crystal structure of TYK2 JH2 in complex with adenosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate) (ATP-γS) and characterize its nucleotide binding by biochemical and biophysical methods. TYK2 JH2 did not show phosphotransfer activity, but it binds ATP and the nucleotide binding stabilizes the protein without inducing major conformational changes. Mutation of the JH2 ATP-binding pocket increased basal TYK2 phosphorylation and downstream signaling. The overall structural characteristics of TYK2 JH2 resemble JAK2 JH2, but distinct stabilizing molecular interactions around helix αAL in the activation loop provide a structural basis for differences in substrate access and catalytic activities among JAK family JH2s. The structural and biochemical data suggest that ATP binding is functionally important for both TYK2 and JAK2 JH2s, whereas the regulatory phosphorylation appears to be a unique property of JAK2. Finally, the co-crystal structure of TYK2 JH2 complexed with a small molecule inhibitor demonstrates that JH2 is accessible to ATP-competitive compounds, which offers novel approaches for targeting cytokine signaling as well as potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Min
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Daniela Ungureanu
- the Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sarah Maxwell
- Departments of Inflammation, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Henrik Hammarén
- the School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Steve Thibault
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | | | - Merrill Ayres
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Brad Greenfield
- Departments of Inflammation, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - John Eksterowicz
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Chris Gabel
- Departments of Inflammation, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Nigel Walker
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Olli Silvennoinen
- the School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Hematology, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Zhulun Wang
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080.
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Li Z, Fu J, Rew Y, Gribble MW, Canon J, Chen A, Eksterowicz J, Huang X, Jin L, Lo MC, McGee LR, Osgood T, Saiki AY, Shaffer P, Sun D, Wortman S, Ye Q, Yu D, Zhao X, Zhou J, Oliner JD, Olson SH, Medina JC. Abstract 3663: Discovery of sulfonamide-piperidinones as potent inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 protein-protein interaction. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-3663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor is controlled by MDM2, which binds p53 and negatively regulates its transcriptional activity and stability. Many tumors overproduce MDM2 to impair p53 function. Therefore, restoration of p53 activity by inhibiting p53-MDM2 binding represents an attractive, novel approach to cancer therapy. We previously reported the discovery of AM-8553, a potent and selective piperidinone inhibitor of the MDM2-p53 interaction (Rew et al. J. Med. Chem. 2012, 55, 4936). We report here continued optimization of the N-alkyl substituent of this series, focused in particular on a previously underutilized interaction in a shallow cleft on the MDM2 surface that led to the discovery of a variety of extremely potent sulfonamides such as 14 with an IC50 of 5.3 nM in the cell proliferation assay. The compound 14 interacts specifically with the p53-binding pocket of MDM2 and releases the p53 protein from negative control. Treatment of cancer cells expressing wild-type p53 with sulfonamide 14 stabilizes p53 and activates the p53 pathway, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The compound 14 showed excellent efficacy and caused tumor regression in the SJSA-1 tumor xenograft model.
Citation Format: Zhihong Li, Jiasheng Fu, Yosup Rew, Michael W. Gribble, Jude Canon, Ada Chen, John Eksterowicz, Xin Huang, Lixia Jin, Mei-Chu Lo, Lawrence R. McGee, Tao Osgood, Anne Y. Saiki, Paul Shaffer, Daqing Sun, Sarah Wortman, Qiuping Ye, Dongyin Yu, Xiaoning Zhao, Jing Zhou, Jonathan D. Oliner, Steve H. Olson, Julio C. Medina. Discovery of sulfonamide-piperidinones as potent inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 protein-protein interaction. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3663. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3663
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yosup Rew
- 1Amgen, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - Ada Chen
- 1Amgen, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - Lixia Jin
- 1Amgen, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Zhou
- 1Amgen, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
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8
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Canon J, Osgood T, Olson SH, Saiki AY, Robertson R, Yu D, Eksterowicz J, Ye Q, Jin L, Chen A, Zhou J, Cordover D, Kaufman S, Kendall R, Oliner JD, Coxon A, Radinsky R. The MDM2 Inhibitor AMG 232 Demonstrates Robust Antitumor Efficacy and Potentiates the Activity of p53-Inducing Cytotoxic Agents. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:649-58. [PMID: 25567130 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
p53 is a critical tumor suppressor and is the most frequently inactivated gene in human cancer. Inhibition of the interaction of p53 with its negative regulator MDM2 represents a promising clinical strategy to treat p53 wild-type tumors. AMG 232 is a potential best-in-class inhibitor of the MDM2-p53 interaction and is currently in clinical trials. We characterized the activity of AMG 232 and its effect on p53 signaling in several preclinical tumor models. AMG 232 binds the MDM2 protein with picomolar affinity and robustly induces p53 activity, leading to cell-cycle arrest and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. AMG 232 treatment inhibited the in vivo growth of several tumor xenografts and led to complete and durable regression of MDM2-amplified SJSA-1 tumors via growth arrest and induction of apoptosis. Therapeutic combination studies of AMG 232 with chemotherapies that induce DNA damage and p53 activity resulted in significantly superior antitumor efficacy and regression, and markedly increased activation of p53 signaling in tumors. These preclinical data support the further evaluation of AMG 232 in clinical trials as both a monotherapy and in combination with standard-of-care cytotoxics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Canon
- Department of Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California.
| | - Tao Osgood
- Department of Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Steven H Olson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Inc., San Francisco, California
| | - Anne Y Saiki
- Department of Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Rebecca Robertson
- Department of Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Dongyin Yu
- Department of Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - John Eksterowicz
- Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., San Francisco, California
| | - Qiuping Ye
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., San Francisco, California
| | - Lixia Jin
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., San Francisco, California
| | - Ada Chen
- Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., San Francisco, California
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., San Francisco, California
| | - David Cordover
- Department of Pathology, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Stephen Kaufman
- Department of Pathology, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Richard Kendall
- Department of Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Jonathan D Oliner
- Department of Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Angela Coxon
- Department of Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Robert Radinsky
- Department of Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
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9
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Rew Y, Sun D, Yan X, Beck HP, Canon J, Chen A, Duquette J, Eksterowicz J, Fox BM, Fu J, Gonzalez AZ, Houze J, Huang X, Jiang M, Jin L, Li Y, Li Z, Ling Y, Lo MC, Long AM, McGee LR, McIntosh J, Oliner JD, Osgood T, Saiki AY, Shaffer P, Wang YC, Wortman S, Yakowec P, Ye Q, Yu D, Zhao X, Zhou J, Medina JC, Olson SH. Discovery of AM-7209, a potent and selective 4-amidobenzoic acid inhibitor of the MDM2-p53 interaction. J Med Chem 2014; 57:10499-511. [PMID: 25384157 DOI: 10.1021/jm501550p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Structure-based rational design and extensive structure-activity relationship studies led to the discovery of AMG 232 (1), a potent piperidinone inhibitor of the MDM2-p53 association, which is currently being evaluated in human clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. Further modifications of 1, including replacing the carboxylic acid with a 4-amidobenzoic acid, afforded AM-7209 (25), featuring improved potency (KD from ITC competition was 38 pM, SJSA-1 EdU IC50 = 1.6 nM), remarkable pharmacokinetic properties, and in vivo antitumor activity in both the SJSA-1 osteosarcoma xenograft model (ED50 = 2.6 mg/kg QD) and the HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma xenograft model (ED50 = 10 mg/kg QD). In addition, 25 possesses distinct mechanisms of elimination compared to 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosup Rew
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, and §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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10
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Yu M, Wang Y, Zhu J, Bartberger MD, Canon J, Chen A, Chow D, Eksterowicz J, Fox B, Fu J, Gribble M, Huang X, Li Z, Liu J(J, Lo MC, McMinn D, Oliner JD, Osgood T, Rew Y, Saiki AY, Shaffer P, Yan X, Ye Q, Yu D, Zhao X, Zhou J, Olson SH, Medina JC, Sun D. Discovery of Potent and Simplified Piperidinone-Based Inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 Interaction. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:894-9. [PMID: 25147610 DOI: 10.1021/ml500142b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Continued optimization of the N-substituent in the piperidinone series provided potent piperidinone-pyridine inhibitors 6, 7, 14, and 15 with improved pharmacokinetic properties in rats. Reducing structure complexity of the N-alkyl substituent led to the discovery of 23, a potent and simplified inhibitor of MDM2. Compound 23 exhibits excellent pharmacokinetic properties and substantial in vivo antitumor activity in the SJSA-1 osteosarcoma xenograft mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin Huang
- Department
of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Shaffer
- Department
of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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11
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Abstract
Cytochrome P450 4F12 is a drug-metabolizing enzyme that is primarily expressed in the liver, kidney, colon, small intestine, and heart. The properties of CYP4F12 that may impart an increased catalytic selectivity (decreased promiscuity) were explored through in vitro metabolite elucidation, kinetic isotope effect experiments, and computational modeling of the CYP4F12 active site. By using astemizole as a probe substrate for CYP4F12 and CYP3A4, it was observed that although CYP4F12 favored astemizole O-demethylation as the primary route of metabolism, CYP3A4 was capable of metabolizing astemizole at multiple sites on the molecule. Deuteration of astemizole at the site of O-demethylation resulted in an isotope effect of 7.1 as well as an 8.3-fold decrease in the rate of clearance for astemizole by CYP4F12. Conversely, although an isotope effect of 3.8 was observed for the formation of the O-desmethyl metabolite when deuterated astemizole was metabolized by CYP3A4, there was no decrease in the clearance of astemizole. Development of a homology model of CYP4F12 based on the crystal structure of cytochrome P450 BM3 predicted an active site volume for CYP4F12 that was approximately 76% of the active site volume of CYP3A4. As predicted, multiple favorable binding orientations were available for astemizole docked into the active site of CYP3A4, but only a single binding orientation with the site of O-demethylation oriented toward the heme was identified for CYP4F12. Overall, it appears that although CYP4F12 may be capable of binding similar ligands to other cytochrome P450 enzymes such as CYP3A4, the ability to achieve catalytically favorable orientations may be inherently more difficult because of the increased steric constraints of the CYP4F12 active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Eksterowicz
- Amgen Molecular Structure and Characterization, South San Francisco, California (J.E.); and Amgen Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Seattle, Washington (D.A.R., B.M.R., L.C.W., R.S.F.)
| | - Dan A Rock
- Amgen Molecular Structure and Characterization, South San Francisco, California (J.E.); and Amgen Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Seattle, Washington (D.A.R., B.M.R., L.C.W., R.S.F.)
| | - Brooke M Rock
- Amgen Molecular Structure and Characterization, South San Francisco, California (J.E.); and Amgen Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Seattle, Washington (D.A.R., B.M.R., L.C.W., R.S.F.)
| | - Larry C Wienkers
- Amgen Molecular Structure and Characterization, South San Francisco, California (J.E.); and Amgen Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Seattle, Washington (D.A.R., B.M.R., L.C.W., R.S.F.)
| | - Robert S Foti
- Amgen Molecular Structure and Characterization, South San Francisco, California (J.E.); and Amgen Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Seattle, Washington (D.A.R., B.M.R., L.C.W., R.S.F.)
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12
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Li Z, Wang X, Eksterowicz J, Gribble MW, Alba GQ, Ayres M, Carlson TJ, Chen A, Chen X, Cho R, Connors RV, DeGraffenreid M, Deignan JT, Duquette J, Fan P, Fisher B, Fu J, Huard JN, Kaizerman J, Keegan KS, Li C, Li K, Li Y, Liang L, Liu W, Lively SE, Lo MC, Ma J, McMinn DL, Mihalic JT, Modi K, Ngo R, Pattabiraman K, Piper DE, Queva C, Ragains ML, Suchomel J, Thibault S, Walker N, Wang X, Wang Z, Wanska M, Wehn PM, Weidner MF, Zhang AJ, Zhao X, Kamb A, Wickramasinghe D, Dai K, McGee LR, Medina JC. Discovery of AMG 925, a FLT3 and CDK4 Dual Kinase Inhibitor with Preferential Affinity for the Activated State of FLT3. J Med Chem 2014; 57:3430-49. [PMID: 24641103 DOI: 10.1021/jm500118j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Justin N. Huard
- Therapeutic
Innovation Unit, Amgen Inc., 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, Washington 98119, United States
| | | | - Kathleen S. Keegan
- Therapeutic
Innovation Unit, Amgen Inc., 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, Washington 98119, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christophe Queva
- Therapeutic
Innovation Unit, Amgen Inc., 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, Washington 98119, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Margaret F. Weidner
- Therapeutic
Innovation Unit, Amgen Inc., 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, Washington 98119, United States
| | | | | | - Alexander Kamb
- Discovery
Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, Callifornia 91320, United States
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13
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Gonzalez AZ, Li Z, Beck HP, Canon J, Chen A, Chow D, Duquette J, Eksterowicz J, Fox BM, Fu J, Huang X, Houze J, Jin L, Li Y, Ling Y, Lo MC, Long AM, McGee LR, McIntosh J, Oliner JD, Osgood T, Rew Y, Saiki AY, Shaffer P, Wortman S, Yakowec P, Yan X, Ye Q, Yu D, Zhao X, Zhou J, Olson SH, Sun D, Medina JC. Novel Inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 Interaction Featuring Hydrogen Bond Acceptors as Carboxylic Acid Isosteres. J Med Chem 2014; 57:2963-88. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401911v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin Huang
- Department
of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexander M. Long
- Department
of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Shaffer
- Department
of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | - Peter Yakowec
- Department
of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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14
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Gonzalez AZ, Eksterowicz J, Bartberger MD, Beck HP, Canon J, Chen A, Chow D, Duquette J, Fox BM, Fu J, Huang X, Houze JB, Jin L, Li Y, Li Z, Ling Y, Lo MC, Long AM, McGee LR, McIntosh J, McMinn DL, Oliner JD, Osgood T, Rew Y, Saiki AY, Shaffer P, Wortman S, Yakowec P, Yan X, Ye Q, Yu D, Zhao X, Zhou J, Olson SH, Medina JC, Sun D. Selective and potent morpholinone inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 protein-protein interaction. J Med Chem 2014; 57:2472-88. [PMID: 24548297 DOI: 10.1021/jm401767k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the discovery of AMG 232, a highly potent and selective piperidinone inhibitor of the MDM2-p53 interaction. Our continued search for potent and diverse analogues led to the discovery of novel morpholinone MDM2 inhibitors. This change to a morpholinone core has a significant impact on both potency and metabolic stability compared to the piperidinone series. Within this morpholinone series, AM-8735 emerged as an inhibitor with remarkable biochemical potency (HTRF IC50 = 0.4 nM) and cellular potency (SJSA-1 EdU IC50 = 25 nM), as well as pharmacokinetic properties. Compound 4 also shows excellent antitumor activity in the SJSA-1 osteosarcoma xenograft model with an ED50 of 41 mg/kg. Lead optimization toward the discovery of this inhibitor as well as key differences between the morpholinone and the piperidinone series will be described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Z Gonzalez
- Departments of †Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Pharmaceutics, and §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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15
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Keegan K, Li C, Li Z, Ma J, Ragains M, Coberly S, Hollenback D, Eksterowicz J, Liang L, Weidner M, Huard J, Wang X, Alba G, Orf J, Lo MC, Zhao S, Ngo R, Chen A, Liu L, Carlson T, Quéva C, McGee LR, Medina J, Kamb A, Wickramasinghe D, Dai K. Preclinical evaluation of AMG 925, a FLT3/CDK4 dual kinase inhibitor for treating acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:880-9. [PMID: 24526162 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a serious unmet medical need. Despite high remission rates with chemotherapy standard-of-care treatment, the disease eventually relapses in a major proportion of patients. Activating Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations are found in approximately 30% of patients with AML. Targeting FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase has shown encouraging results in treating FLT3-mutated AML. Responses, however, are not sustained and acquired resistance has been a clinical challenge. Treatment options to overcome resistance are currently the focus of research. We report here the preclinical evaluation of AMG 925, a potent, selective, and bioavailable FLT3/cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) dual kinase inhibitor. AMG 925 inhibited AML xenograft tumor growth by 96% to 99% without significant body weight loss. The antitumor activity of AMG 925 correlated with the inhibition of STAT5 and RB phosphorylation, the pharmacodynamic markers for inhibition of FLT3 and CDK4, respectively. In addition, AMG 925 was also found to inhibit FLT3 mutants (e.g., D835Y) that are resistant to the current FLT3 inhibitors (e.g., AC220 and sorafenib). CDK4 is a cyclin D-dependent kinase that plays an essential central role in regulating cell proliferation in response to external growth signals. A critical role of the CDK4-RB pathway in cancer development has been well established. CDK4-specific inhibitors are being developed for treating RB-positive cancer. AMG 925, which combines inhibition of two kinases essential for proliferation and survival of FLT3-mutated AML cells, may improve and prolong clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Keegan
- Authors' Affiliation: Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California
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16
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Sun D, Li Z, Rew Y, Gribble M, Bartberger MD, Beck HP, Canon J, Chen A, Chen X, Chow D, Deignan J, Duquette J, Eksterowicz J, Fisher B, Fox BM, Fu J, Gonzalez AZ, Gonzalez-Lopez De Turiso F, Houze JB, Huang X, Jiang M, Jin L, Kayser F, Liu JJ, Lo MC, Long AM, Lucas B, McGee LR, McIntosh J, Mihalic J, Oliner JD, Osgood T, Peterson ML, Roveto P, Saiki AY, Shaffer P, Toteva M, Wang Y, Wang YC, Wortman S, Yakowec P, Yan X, Ye Q, Yu D, Yu M, Zhao X, Zhou J, Zhu J, Olson SH, Medina JC. Discovery of AMG 232, a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable MDM2-p53 inhibitor in clinical development. J Med Chem 2014; 57:1454-72. [PMID: 24456472 DOI: 10.1021/jm401753e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported the discovery of AM-8553 (1), a potent and selective piperidinone inhibitor of the MDM2-p53 interaction. Continued research investigation of the N-alkyl substituent of this series, focused in particular on a previously underutilized interaction in a shallow cleft on the MDM2 surface, led to the discovery of a one-carbon tethered sulfone which gave rise to substantial improvements in biochemical and cellular potency. Further investigation produced AMG 232 (2), which is currently being evaluated in human clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. Compound 2 is an extremely potent MDM2 inhibitor (SPR KD = 0.045 nM, SJSA-1 EdU IC50 = 9.1 nM), with remarkable pharmacokinetic properties and in vivo antitumor activity in the SJSA-1 osteosarcoma xenograft model (ED50 = 9.1 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqing Sun
- Departments of Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Pharmaceutics, and §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California, 94080, United States
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17
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Dai K, Keegan K, Li Z, Ji M, Li C, Eksterowicz J, Suzanne C, Hollenback D, Weidner M, Huard J, Liang L, Alba G, Orf J, Lo MC, Zhao S, Ngo R, Chen A, Liu L, Carlson T, McGee LR, Medina J, Kamb A, Wickramasinghe D. Abstract A279: Preclinical evaluation of AMG 925, a FLT3/CDK4 dual kinase inhibitor. Mol Cancer Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-13-a279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a serious unmet medical need. Despite high remission rates with chemotherapy standard care treatment, the disease eventually relapses. Activating FLT3 mutations are found in approximately 30% of AML patients. Targeting FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase has shown encouraging results in treating FLT3-mutated AML. Responses, however, are not sustained and acquired resistance has been a clinical challenge. Treatment options to overcome resistance are currently the focus of research. We report here preclinical evaluation of AMG 925, a potent, selective and bioavailable FLT3/CDK4 dual kinase inhibitor. The compound inhibited AML xenograft tumor growth by >99% without detectable body weight loss. AMG 925 was also found to inhibit FLT3 mutants (e.g, D835Y) that are resistant to the current FLT3 inhibitors (e.g., quizartinib/AC220, sorafenib). CDK4 is a cyclinD-dependent kinase that plays an essential central role in regulating cell proliferation in response to external growth signals. A critical role of the CDK4-Rb pathway in cancer development has been well established. CDK4 specific inhibitors are being developed for treating Rb positive cancer. AMG 925, which combines inhibition of two kinases essential for proliferation and survival of FLT3-mutated AML cells, may improve clinical response rates.
Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):A279.
Citation Format: Kang Dai, Kathleen Keegan, Zhihong Li, Ma Ji, Cong Li, John Eksterowicz, Coberly Suzanne, David Hollenback, Margret Weidner, Justin Huard, Lingming Liang, Grace Alba, Jessica Orf, Mei-Chu Lo, Sharon Zhao, Rachel Ngo, Ada Chen, Lily Liu, Timothy Carlson, Lawrence R. McGee, Julio Medina, Alexander Kamb, Dineli Wickramasinghe. Preclinical evaluation of AMG 925, a FLT3/CDK4 dual kinase inhibitor. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A279.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Dai
- Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - Ma Ji
- Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Cong Li
- Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ada Chen
- Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Lily Liu
- Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, CA
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18
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Li K, McGee LR, Fisher B, Sudom A, Liu J, Rubenstein SM, Anwer MK, Cushing TD, Shin Y, Ayres M, Lee F, Eksterowicz J, Faulder P, Waszkowycz B, Plotnikova O, Farrelly E, Xiao SH, Chen G, Wang Z. Inhibiting NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK): discovery, structure-based design, synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and co-crystal structures. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1238-44. [PMID: 23374866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The discovery, structure-based design, synthesis, and optimization of NIK inhibitors are described. Our work began with an HTS hit, imidazopyridinyl pyrimidinamine 1. We utilized homology modeling and conformational analysis to optimize the indole scaffold leading to the discovery of novel and potent conformationally constrained inhibitors such as compounds 25 and 28. Compounds 25 and 31 were co-crystallized with NIK kinase domain to provide structural insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexue Li
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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19
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Cheng AC, Eksterowicz J, Geuns-Meyer S, Sun Y. Analysis of kinase inhibitor selectivity using a thermodynamics-based partition index. J Med Chem 2010; 53:4502-10. [PMID: 20459125 DOI: 10.1021/jm100301x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the quest for safe, efficacious kinase inhibitors as drugs, selectivity is often assessed early using kinase profiling panels. Here we present a selectivity index based on thermodynamics principles that can help in analysis of the resulting data. The "partition" selectivity index is easy to calculate and is applicable in certain situations where other widely used indices are not. It is uniquely useful in analysis of small, focused selectivity panel data frequently encountered in medicinal chemistry hit-to-lead and lead optimization. For larger "kinome" panels, the partition index allows assessment of selectivity relative to a kinase or multiple kinases of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Cheng
- Molecular Structure Department, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
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20
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Moree WJ, Goldman P, Demaggio AJ, Christenson E, Herendeen D, Eksterowicz J, Kesicki EA, McElligott DL, Beaton G. Identification of ring-fused pyrazolo pyridin-2-ones as novel poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5126-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Revised: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Li WX, Li L, Eksterowicz J, Ling XB, Cardozo M. Significance Analysis and Multiple Pharmacophore Models for Differentiating P-Glycoprotein Substrates. J Chem Inf Model 2007; 47:2429-38. [DOI: 10.1021/ci700284p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Xiong Li
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Leping Li
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - John Eksterowicz
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Xuefeng Bruce Ling
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Mario Cardozo
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080
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22
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Spencer JR, Sendzik M, Oeh J, Sabbatini P, Dalrymple SA, Magill C, Kim HM, Zhang P, Squires N, Moss KG, Sukbuntherng J, Graupe D, Eksterowicz J, Young PR, Myers AG, Green MJ. Evaluation of antitumor properties of novel saframycin analogs in vitro and in vivo. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4884-8. [PMID: 16870445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2006] [Revised: 06/16/2006] [Accepted: 06/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel analogs of (-)-saframycin A are described. The analogs are shown to be potent inhibitors of the in vitro growth of several tumor cells in a broad panel and promising as leads for further optimization. The first in vivo studies in a solid tumor model (HCT-116) reveal potent antitumor activity with associated toxicity of daily administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Spencer
- Celera Genomics, 180 Kimball Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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23
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Tai VWF, Sperandio D, Shelton EJ, Litvak J, Pararajasingham K, Cebon B, Lohman J, Eksterowicz J, Kantak S, Sabbatini P, Brown C, Zeitz J, Reed C, Maske B, Graupe D, Estevez A, Oeh J, Wong D, Ni Y, Sprengeler P, Yee R, Magill C, Neri A, Cai SX, Drewe J, Qiu L, Herich J, Tseng B, Kasibhatla S, Spencer JR. Discovery and structure–activity relationship of 2-phenyl-oxazole-4-carboxamide derivatives as potent apoptosis inducers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4554-8. [PMID: 16784854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2006] [Revised: 06/05/2006] [Accepted: 06/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As a continuation of our efforts to discover novel apoptosis inducers as anticancer agents using a cell-based caspase HTS assay, 2-phenyl-oxazole-4-carboxamide derivatives were identified. The structure-activity relationships of this class of molecules were explored. Compound 1k, with EC(50) of 270 nM and GI(50) of 229 nM in human colorectal DLD-1 cells, was selected and demonstrated the ability to cleave PARP and displayed DNA laddering, the hallmarks of apoptosis. Compound 1k showed 63% tumor growth inhibition in human colorectal DLD-1 xenograft mouse model at 50 mpk, bid.
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Oshiro C, Bradley EK, Eksterowicz J, Evensen E, Lamb ML, Lanctot JK, Putta S, Stanton R, Grootenhuis PDJ. Performance of 3D-Database Molecular Docking Studies into Homology Models. J Med Chem 2004; 47:764-7. [PMID: 14736258 DOI: 10.1021/jm0300781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The performance of docking studies into protein active sites constructed by homology model building was investigated using CDK2 and factor VIIa screening data sets. When the sequence identity between model and template near the binding site area is greater than approximately 50%, roughly 5 times more active compounds are identified than would be found randomly. This performance is comparable to docking to crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Oshiro
- Deltagen Research Laboratories, 740 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Molecules with similar shapes and features often have similar biological activity. Several computational approaches search chemical databases for new leads or templates based on overall molecular shape similarity. However, active molecules often present critical subshapes that are required for binding, which may be missed by comparing overall shape similarity. We present a new approach to compare molecular shapes of different sizes and to calculate subshape similarity. We developed a skeletal representation of the shape which is topologically unrelated to covalent chemical connectivity. This simplifies rotational and translational sampling. We test initial possible alignments by matching similar triangles. This triangle-matching filter rapidly eliminates most geometrically impossible matches. Surviving matches are filtered further in successive stages. These stages involve direction, feature, and shape matching procedures. Our approach is applied to several situations demonstrating lead discovery and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Putta
- Deltagen Research Labs, 740 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, USA.
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Bieniak B, Matych J, Eksterowicz J. Diagnostic and prognostic value of the cystograms of patients with prostatic adenoma: distance between symphysis pubis and urinary bladder. Int Urol Nephrol 1977; 9:151-6. [PMID: 73527 DOI: 10.1007/bf02082017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Presurgical cystograms of prostatectomized patients were compared as regards their diagnostic and prognostic usefulness. Because of the lack of fully objective prostatic adenoma symptoms, the authors concluded the distance between the urinary bladder and symphysis pubis to be an important radiological symptom in prostatic adenoma, being the measure of inflammation of the prostate and tissues of this region.
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