1
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Kua J, Potter T, Wong DJN, Nurmi E, El-Boghdadly K, Cronin JN. UK-wide rates of videolaryngoscopy use and barriers to universal uptake: a retrospective analysis of a multicentre observational study. Anaesthesia 2024; 79:100-101. [PMID: 37712109 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Kua
- Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - T Potter
- Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D J N Wong
- Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - E Nurmi
- Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - J N Cronin
- Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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2
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El-Boghdadly K, Cook TM, Goodacre T, Kua J, Denmark S, Mercer N, Moonesinghe SR, Summerton DJ. Timing of elective surgery and risk assessment after SARS-CoV-2 infection: 2023 update: A multidisciplinary consensus statement on behalf of the Association of Anaesthetists, Federation of Surgical Specialty Associations, Royal College of Anaesthetists and Royal College of Surgeons of England: A multidisciplinary consensus statement on behalf of the Association of Anaesthetists, Federation of Surgical Specialty Associations, Royal College of Anaesthetists and Royal College of Surgeons of England. Anaesthesia 2023. [PMID: 37337416 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Guidance for the timing of surgery following SARS-CoV-2 infection needed reassessment given widespread vaccination, less virulent variants, contemporary evidence and a need to increase access to safe surgery. We, therefore, updated previous recommendations to assist policymakers, administrative staff, clinicians and, most importantly, patients. Patients who develop symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection within 7 weeks of planned surgery, including on the day of surgery, should be screened for SARS-CoV-2. Elective surgery should not usually be undertaken within 2 weeks of diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. For patients who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection and who are low risk or having low-risk surgery, most elective surgery can proceed 2 weeks following a SARS-CoV-2 positive test. For patients who are not low risk or having anything other than low-risk surgery between 2 and 7 weeks following infection, an individual risk assessment must be performed. This should consider: patient factors (age; comorbid and functional status); infection factors (severity; ongoing symptoms; vaccination); and surgical factors (clinical priority; risk of disease progression; grade of surgery). This assessment should include the use of an objective and validated risk prediction tool and shared decision-making, taking into account the patient's own attitude to risk. In most circumstances, surgery should proceed unless risk assessment indicates that the risk of proceeding exceeds the risk of delay. There is currently no evidence to support delaying surgery beyond 7 weeks for patients who have fully recovered from or have had mild SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K El-Boghdadly
- Department of Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- King's College London, London, UK
| | - T M Cook
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK
- University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - T Goodacre
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Manor Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - J Kua
- Department of Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Peri-operative Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - S Denmark
- Patient Lay Group, Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK
| | - N Mercer
- Cleft Unit of the South West of England, Bristol Dental School, Bristol, UK
| | - S R Moonesinghe
- Centre for Peri-operative Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - D J Summerton
- Department of Urology, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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3
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McInerney CD, Kotzé A, Bacon S, Cutting JE, Fisher L, Goldacre B, Johnson OA, Kua J, McGuckin D, Mehrkar A, Moonesinghe SR. Postoperative mortality and complications in patients with and without pre-operative SARS-CoV-2 infection: a service evaluation of 24 million linked records using OpenSAFELY. Anaesthesia 2023; 78:692-700. [PMID: 36958018 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Surgical decision-making after SARS-CoV-2 infection is influenced by the presence of comorbidity, infection severity and whether the surgical problem is time-sensitive. Contemporary surgical policy to delay surgery is informed by highly heterogeneous country-specific guidance. We evaluated surgical provision in England during the COVID-19 pandemic to assess real-world practice and whether deferral remains necessary. Using the OpenSAFELY platform, we adapted the COVIDSurg protocol for a service evaluation of surgical procedures that took place within the English NHS from 17 March 2018 to 17 March 2022. We assessed whether hospitals adhered to guidance not to operate on patients within 7 weeks of an indication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additional outcomes were postoperative all-cause mortality (30 days, 6 months) and complications (pulmonary, cardiac, cerebrovascular). The exposure was the interval between the most recent indication of SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent surgery. In any 6-month window, < 3% of surgical procedures were conducted within 7 weeks of an indication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mortality for surgery conducted within 2 weeks of a positive test in the era since widespread SARS-CoV-2 vaccine availability was 1.1%, declining to 0.3% by 4 weeks. Compared with the COVIDSurg study cohort, outcomes for patients in the English NHS cohort were better during the COVIDSurg data collection period and the pandemic era before vaccines became available. Clinicians within the English NHS followed national guidance by operating on very few patients within 7 weeks of a positive indication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In England, surgical patients' overall risk following an indication of SARS-CoV-2 infection is lower than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D McInerney
- Academic Unit of Primary Medical Care, University of Sheffield, UK
- School of Computing, University of Leeds, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Yorkshire and Humber Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Bradford, UK
| | - A Kotzé
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - S Bacon
- Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - J E Cutting
- Gloucestershire Royal Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
| | - L Fisher
- Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - B Goldacre
- Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - O A Johnson
- School of Computing, University of Leeds, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Yorkshire and Humber Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Bradford, UK
| | - J Kua
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Department of Targeted Intervention, Centre for Peri-operative Medicine, University College London, UK
| | - D McGuckin
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Department of Targeted Intervention, Centre for Peri-operative Medicine, University College London, UK
| | - A Mehrkar
- Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - S R Moonesinghe
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Department of Targeted Intervention, Centre for Peri-operative Medicine, University College London, UK
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4
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Morton S, Kua J, Mullington C. Don't discount the epidural. BJOG 2023. [PMID: 36978216 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Morton
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Anaesthetic Department, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J Kua
- Health Services Research Centre, National Institute of Academic Anaesthesia, Royal College of Anaesthetists, London, UK
- Research Department for Targeted Intervention, Centre for Perioperative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - C Mullington
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Anaesthetic Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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5
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Kua J, Nurmi E, Wong DJN, Potter T, Cronin JN, El-Boghdadly K. Clinical evidence needed for risks of PPE. Anaesthesia 2023; 78:393-394. [PMID: 36261154 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Kua
- University College London, London, UK
| | - E Nurmi
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D J N Wong
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - T Potter
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J N Cronin
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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6
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Ham L, Montoya JL, Serrano V, Yeager S, Paltin D, Pasipanodya EC, Marquine MJ, Hoenigl M, Ramers CB, Kua J, Moore DJ. High Psychosocial Burden Relates to Poorer Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence Among Black/African American People with HIV. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2023; 37:103-113. [PMID: 36689195 PMCID: PMC9963477 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2022.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Black/African American communities continue to be disproportionately impacted by HIV with Black people with HIV (PWH) exhibiting poorer outcomes along the HIV treatment cascade. Psychosocial burden may, in part, explain these health disparities among PWH. We implemented a culturally adapted intervention [individualized Texting for Adherence Building (iTAB)] to improve ART adherence among 89 Black PWH in San Diego, CA. We aimed to (1) characterize psychosocial risk factors (depression, negative life events, discrimination, medical mistrust) hypothesized to be barriers to HIV outcomes among Black PWH and (2) determine if these factors influence intervention engagement, HIV outcomes, and self-reported physical and mental health. We identified three levels of psychosocial burden (low, moderate, high) through hierarchical cluster analysis. Participants in the high burden cluster (n = 25) experienced the highest levels of depression, negative life events, and discrimination, in addition to the poorest intervention outcomes, HIV outcomes, and physical and mental health compared to low and moderate burden clusters. Participants in the low (n = 29) burden cluster had less medical mistrust than the moderate (n = 34) and high burden clusters, but low and moderate clusters did not differ on any outcomes. Overall, self-reported ART adherence was 83%, which is above estimates of ART adherence in the Western region of the United States. The iTAB intervention shows promise in improving HIV-related outcomes among Black PWH with low to moderate psychosocial burden; however, additional supports may need to be identified for those with high psychosocial burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Ham
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jessica L. Montoya
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Vanessa Serrano
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Samantha Yeager
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Dafna Paltin
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Maria J. Marquine
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Martin Hoenigl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian B. Ramers
- Laura Rodriguez Research Institute, Family Health Centers, San Diego, California, USA
| | - John Kua
- Laura Rodriguez Research Institute, Family Health Centers, San Diego, California, USA
| | - David J. Moore
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Potter T, Cronin JN, Kua J, Nurmi E, Wong DJN, Ahmad I, Cook TM, El-Boghdadly K. Aerosol precautions and airway complications: a national prospective multicentre cohort study. Anaesthesia 2023; 78:23-35. [PMID: 36070622 PMCID: PMC10087829 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The perceived risk of transmission of aerosolised viral particles from patients to airway practitioners during the COVID-19 pandemic led to the widespread use of aerosol precautions, including personal protective equipment and modifications to anaesthetic technique. The risk of these aerosol precautions on peri-operative airway complications has not been assessed outside of simulation studies. This prospective, national, multicentre cohort study aimed to quantify this risk. Adult patients undergoing general anaesthesia for elective or emergency procedures over a 96-hour period were included. Data collected included use of aerosol precautions by the airway practitioner, airway complications and potential confounding variables. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to assess the risk of individual aerosol precautions on overall and specific airway complications. Data from 5905 patients from 70 hospital sites were included. The rate of airway complications was 10.0% (95%CI 9.2-10.8%). Use of filtering facepiece class 2 or class 3 respirators was associated with an increased risk of airway complications (odds ratio 1.38, 95%CI 1.04-1.83), predominantly due to an association with difficult facemask ventilation (odds ratio 1.68, 95%CI 1.09-2.61) and desaturation on pulse oximetry (odds ratio 2.39, 95%CI 1.26-4.54). Use of goggles, powered air-purifying respirators, long-sleeved gowns, double gloves and videolaryngoscopy were not associated with any alteration in the risk of airway complications. Overall, the use of filtering facepiece class 2 or class 3 respirators was associated with an increased risk of airway complications, but most aerosol precautions used during the COVID-19 pandemic were not.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Potter
- Department of Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J N Cronin
- Department of Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Kua
- Surgical Outcomes Research Centre, University College London, UK
| | - E Nurmi
- Department of Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D J N Wong
- Department of Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - I Ahmad
- Department of Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,King's College London, UK
| | - T M Cook
- Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK.,School of Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
| | - K El-Boghdadly
- Department of Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,King's College London, UK
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8
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El‐Boghdadly K, Cook TM, Goodacre T, Kua J, Denmark S, McNally S, Mercer N, Moonesinghe SR, Summerton DJ. Timing of elective surgery and risk assessment after SARS-CoV-2 infection: an update: A multidisciplinary consensus statement on behalf of the Association of Anaesthetists, Centre for Perioperative Care, Federation of Surgical Specialty Associations, Royal College of Anaesthetists, Royal College of Surgeons of England. Anaesthesia 2022; 77:580-587. [PMID: 35194788 PMCID: PMC9111236 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The impact of vaccination and new SARS-CoV-2 variants on peri-operative outcomes is unclear. We aimed to update previously published consensus recommendations on timing of elective surgery after SARS-CoV-2 infection to assist policymakers, administrative staff, clinicians and patients. The guidance remains that patients should avoid elective surgery within 7 weeks of infection, unless the benefits of doing so exceed the risk of waiting. We recommend individualised multidisciplinary risk assessment for patients requiring elective surgery within 7 weeks of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This should include baseline mortality risk calculation and assessment of risk modifiers (patient factors; SARS-CoV-2 infection; surgical factors). Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection with previous variants increased peri-operative mortality risk three-fold throughout the 6 weeks after infection, and assumptions that asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection does not add risk are currently unfounded. Patients with persistent symptoms and those with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 may require a longer delay than 7 weeks. Elective surgery should not take place within 10 days of diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, predominantly because the patient may be infectious, which is a risk to surgical pathways, staff and other patients. We now emphasise that timing of surgery should include the assessment of baseline and increased risk, optimising vaccination and functional status, and shared decision-making. While these recommendations focus on the omicron variant and current evidence, the principles may also be of relevance to future variants. As further data emerge, these recommendations may be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. El‐Boghdadly
- Department of Anaesthesia and Peri‐operative MedicineGuy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- King's College LondonUK
| | - T. M. Cook
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care MedicineRoyal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation TrustBathUK
- University of BristolBristolUK
| | - T. Goodacre
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryManor HospitalOxfordUK
| | - J. Kua
- Health Services Research CentreLondonUK
| | - S. Denmark
- Patient and Public Group, Royal College of Surgeons of EnglandUK
| | - S. McNally
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryEastbourne HospitalEastbourneUK
| | - N. Mercer
- Cleft Unit of the South West of England, Bristol Dental SchoolBristolUK
| | | | - D. J. Summerton
- Department of UrologyLeicester General HospitalLeicesterUK
- University of LeicesterUK
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9
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Patel R, Kua J, Sharawi N, Bauer ME, Blake L, Moonesinghe SR, Sultan P. Inadequate neuraxial anaesthesia in patients undergoing elective caesarean section: a systematic review. Anaesthesia 2022; 77:598-604. [PMID: 35064923 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuraxial anaesthesia is widely utilised for elective caesarean section, but the prevalence of inadequate intra-operative anaesthesia is unclear. We aimed to determine the prevalence of inadequate neuraxial anaesthesia for elective caesarean section; prevalence of conversion from neuraxial anaesthesia to general anaesthesia following inadequate neuraxial anaesthesia; and the effect of mode of anaesthesia. We searched studies reporting inadequate neuraxial anaesthesia that used ≥ ED95 doses (effective dose in 95% of the population) of neuraxial local anaesthetic agents. Our primary outcome was the prevalence of inadequate neuraxial anaesthesia, defined as the need to convert to general anaesthesia; the need to repeat or abandon a planned primary neuraxial technique following incision; unplanned administration of intra-operative analgesia (excluding sedatives); or unplanned epidural drug supplementation. Fifty-four randomised controlled trials were included (3497 patients). The overall prevalence of requirement for supplemental analgesia or anaesthesia was 14.6% (95%CI 13.3-15.9%); 510 out of 3497 patients. The prevalence of general anaesthesia conversion was 2 out of 3497 patients (0.06% (95%CI 0.0-0.2%)). Spinal/combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia was associated with a lower overall prevalence of inadequate neuraxial anaesthesia than epidural anaesthesia (10.2% (95%CI 9.0-11.4%), 278 out of 2732 patients vs. 30.3% (95%CI 26.5-34.5%), 232 out of 765 patients). Further studies are needed to identify risk factors, optimise detection and management strategies and to determine long-term effects of inadequate neuraxial anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Patel
- Surgical Outcomes Research Centre, Centre for Peri-Operative Medicine, University College London, UK
| | - J Kua
- Surgical Outcomes Research Centre, Centre for Peri-Operative Medicine, University College London, UK
| | - N Sharawi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AK, USA
| | - M E Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - L Blake
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AK, USA
| | - S R Moonesinghe
- Surgical Outcomes Research Centre, Centre for Peri-Operative Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - P Sultan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peri-Operative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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10
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El-Boghdadly K, Cook TM, Goodacre T, Kua J, Blake L, Denmark S, McNally S, Mercer N, Moonesinghe SR, Summerton DJ. SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 and timing of elective surgery: A multidisciplinary consensus statement on behalf of the Association of Anaesthetists, the Centre for Peri-operative Care, the Federation of Surgical Specialty Associations, the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Anaesthesia 2021; 76:940-946. [PMID: 33735942 PMCID: PMC8250763 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The scale of the COVID‐19 pandemic means that a significant number of patients who have previously been infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 will require surgery. Given the potential for multisystem involvement, timing of surgery needs to be carefully considered to plan for safe surgery. This consensus statement uses evidence from a systematic review and expert opinion to highlight key principles in the timing of surgery. Shared decision‐making regarding timing of surgery after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection must account for severity of the initial infection; ongoing symptoms of COVID‐19; comorbid and functional status; clinical priority and risk of disease progression; and complexity of surgery. For the protection of staff, other patients and the public, planned surgery should not be considered during the period that a patient may be infectious. Precautions should be undertaken to prevent pre‐ and peri‐operative infection, especially in higher risk patients. Elective surgery should not be scheduled within 7 weeks of a diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection unless the risks of deferring surgery outweigh the risk of postoperative morbidity or mortality associated with COVID‐19. SARS‐CoV‐2 causes either transient or asymptomatic disease for most patients, who require no additional precautions beyond a 7‐week delay, but those who have persistent symptoms or have been hospitalised require special attention. Patients with persistent symptoms of COVID‐19 are at increased risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality even after 7 weeks. The time before surgery should be used for functional assessment, prehabilitation and multidisciplinary optimisation. Vaccination several weeks before surgery will reduce risk to patients and might lessen the risk of nosocomial SARS‐CoV‐2 infection of other patients and staff. National vaccine committees should consider whether such patients can be prioritised for vaccination. As further data emerge, these recommendations may need to be revised, but the principles presented should be considered to ensure safety of patients, the public and staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- K El-Boghdadly
- Department of Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,King's College London, London, UK
| | - T M Cook
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK.,University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - T Goodacre
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Manor Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - J Kua
- Health Services Research Centre, London, UK
| | - L Blake
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Library, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - S Denmark
- Patient Lay Group, Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK
| | - S McNally
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Eastbourne Hospital, Eastbourne, UK
| | - N Mercer
- Cleft Unit of the South West of England, Bristol Dental School, Bristol, UK
| | - S R Moonesinghe
- Centre for Peri-operative Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - D J Summerton
- Department of Urology, Leicester General Hospital and Honorary Professor, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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11
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Kohli M, Pasipanodya EC, Montoya JL, Marquine M, Hoenigl M, Serrano V, Cushman C, Garcia R, Kua J, Gant V, Rojas S, Moore DJ. A Culturally Adapted SMS Text Messaging Intervention to Promote Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among African Americans: Protocol for a Single-Arm Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e21592. [PMID: 33300885 PMCID: PMC7759437 DOI: 10.2196/21592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background African Americans are disproportionally affected by HIV and have poorer rates of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence compared to other racial or ethnic groups in the United States. Factors associated with poor HIV disease outcomes are commonly associated with sociostructural barriers that prevent engagement with and retention in HIV care. SMS text messaging interventions to promote ART adherence among predominantly non-Hispanic White persons with HIV (PWH) have been shown to be efficacious; however, limited research has been devoted to culturally tailoring interventions for underrepresented racial/ethnic groups. Considering African Americans show poorer engagement along the HIV care continuum, we developed an individualized and culturally tailored two-way SMS text messaging intervention to improve ART adherence and associated virologic suppression among African American PWH. Objective In this paper we describe the protocol of a culturally tailored individualized Texting for Adherence Building (iTAB) intervention in a 24- to 48-week, single-arm study. Methods We developed a culturally tailored iTAB intervention, which we are implementing in a 24- to 48-week, single-arm study. Participants were recruited from the Family Health Centers of San Diego (FHCSD), a federally qualified health center. Patient inclusion criteria were (1) receiving care at the FHCSD, (2) living with HIV, (3) self-identification as Black, African American, or of African ancestry, (4) English speaking, (5) age 18 or older, (6) currently on ART, and (7) able to provide informed consent. Study enrollment began in November 2017 and closed in July 2019. A total of 90 participants from the FHCSD enrolled in the iTAB intervention, and we anticipate completing data collection in July 2020. Participants were assisted in individualizing and customizing their SMS text message preferences at the baseline study visit. Self-assessment measures are collected at baseline, interim, and final study visits. Problems related to sending/receiving SMS text messages and barriers to ART adherence are assessed at each interim study visit. The FHCSD staff monitors and tracks participants’ daily SMS text message responses to ART adherence reminders using a clinical dashboard. Results We hypothesize that the proportion of individuals achieving HIV virologic suppression (viral load <40 copies/mL) will be greater at the end of the intervention period compared to the proportion prior to study implementation. Additionally, we anticipate that rates of virologic suppression at the end of the intervention among participants receiving iTAB will be comparable to those among the general FHCSD non-African American population who did not receive iTAB. Finally, we anticipate a high response rate to iTAB SMS text messages as well as positive participant feedback at the end of the intervention with regard to the acceptability of, satisfaction with, and perceived efficacy of iTAB. Conclusions The iTAB intervention is a novel individualized two-way SMS text messaging intervention that has been culturally tailored for use among African Americans with HIV. We anticipate that iTAB will demonstrate efficacy in future randomized control trials and will be supportive of medication adherence among other populations facing health disparities. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/21592
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulika Kohli
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Pasipanodya
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Jessica L Montoya
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Maria Marquine
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Martin Hoenigl
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Vanessa Serrano
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Clint Cushman
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Rogelio Garcia
- Family Health Centers of San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - John Kua
- Family Health Centers of San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Verna Gant
- Family Health Centers of San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Rojas
- San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States.,Family Health Centers of San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - David J Moore
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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12
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Pasipanodya EC, Montoya JL, Watson CWM, Marquine MJ, Hoenigl M, Garcia R, Kua J, Gant V, Trambley J, Moore DJ. Tailoring a mobile health text-messaging intervention to promote antiretroviral therapy adherence among African Americans: A qualitative study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233217. [PMID: 32516317 PMCID: PMC7282643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
African Americans are disproportionately affected by HIV and socio-structural barriers that impact antiretroviral (ART) adherence. Two-way text-messaging interventions have shown promise in supporting adherence in US studies of mostly White people living with HIV (PLWH). However, culturally-appropriate tailoring is necessary to maximize intervention effectiveness among other racial/ethnic groups. Thus, to refine an existing text-messaging intervention, we examined barriers and facilitators to ART adherence among African Americans and perspectives on features to integrate into the extant intervention. Three focus groups, two with African American PLWH (n = 5 and n = 7) and one with providers of care (n = 11) were conducted; transcripts of audio-recordings were thematically analyzed. Adherence supports operated at individual, interpersonal, and structural/environmental levels (e.g., using reminders and pill organizers, wanting to protect partners from HIV, and positive interactions with providers). Adherence barriers also operated at multiple ecological levels (e.g., poor mental health, fear of disclosure of HIV status, and unstable housing). Participant-suggested features for refinement included: i) matching content to participants’ comfort with receiving messages referencing HIV or medication-taking, ii) culturally-tailoring content for African Americans, iii) tracking adherence, and iv) encouraging adherence interactions between patients and providers. Feedback from both patients and providers is foundational to designing effective ART interventions among African American PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica L. Montoya
- University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Caitlin W.-M. Watson
- University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- San Diego State University/University of California-San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - María J. Marquine
- University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Martin Hoenigl
- University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Rogelio Garcia
- Family Health Centers of San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - John Kua
- Family Health Centers of San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Verna Gant
- Family Health Centers of San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Joel Trambley
- Universal Health Services Southern California Medical Education Consortium, Temecula, California, United States of America
| | - David J. Moore
- University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Wang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - G Z Yan
- Divison of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - B Y-Q Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, Singapore
| | - G S Kew
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore
| | - J Kua
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore
| | - M C F Calida
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore
| | - J E Lee
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore
| | - L Au
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore
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14
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Chua A, Kua J, Ma D, Lee S. Hair follicle dermal sheath derived mesenchymal stem cells: in-vitro characterization and effects of its conditioned medium on cutaneous wound healing. Cytotherapy 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.01.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Nagaendran K, Chen LH, Chong MS, Chua EV, Goh CK, Kua J, Lee T, Marziyana AR, Ng CC, Ng LL, Seow D, Sitoh YY, Yap LK, Yeo D, Yeo Y. Ministry of Health Clinical Practice Guidelines: Dementia. Singapore Med J 2013; 54:293-8; quiz 299. [DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2013112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Siddiqui MA, Koh J, Kua J, Cheung T, Chang P. Functional outcome assessment after open tennis elbow release: what are the predictor parameters? Singapore Med J 2011; 52:73-76. [PMID: 21373730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Open surgical release remains the gold standard for treatment of recalcitrant lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow). We aimed to evaluate the potential impact of perioperative factors on outcome after open surgical release for tennis elbow. METHODS All patients without elbow dislocation who underwent open surgical release for tennis elbow from January 2000 to June 2006 were included in the study. Comorbidities and associated pathologies of the upper limb as well as postoperative pain score, range of motion, evidence of instability, recurrence and other complications were noted. RESULTS There were 37 female and 24 male patients aged 22-60 (44.95 +/- 7.34) years. Five (8.1 percent) patients had diabetes mellitus. The mean duration of symptoms before surgery was 16.8 +/- 15.3 (range 2-84) months. The average duration of follow-up was 23.0 +/- 34.5 (range 0.4-206) months. Overall, 59 (96.7 percent) patients reported improvement of symptoms post surgery. Median grip strength on the operated and unoperated sides were 25.5 +/- 9.0 (range 10.5-44.0) KgN and 23.7 +/- 9.1 (range 9.3-41.5) KgN, respectively. Patients with diabetes mellitus had significantly higher pain scores (2.80 versus 0.36, p-value less than 0.01, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] 1.2-3.7), reduced grip strength (0.91 KgN versus 1.06 KgN, p-value is 0.038, 95 percent CI 0.29-0.01) and higher recurrence rates (40 percent versus 7.7 percent, p-value is 0.018). CONCLUSION Diabetes mellitus has a negative effect on surgical outcome in terms of pain scores, grip strength ratio and recurrence rate. This should be reiterated during preoperative counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Siddiqui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608.
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17
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Kua J. The prevalence of psychological and psychiatric sequelae of cancer in the elderly - how much do we know? Ann Acad Med Singap 2005; 34:250-6. [PMID: 15902346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ageing is the greatest single risk factor for cancer but there is a dearth of systematically reviewed data on the psychological and psychiatric sequelae in elderly cancer patients. The aim of this paper is to review the current literature on these issues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multiple searches using Medline (1970 to 2003), PsycInfo (1970 to 2003), CINAHL (1982 to 2003), EMBASE Psychiatry (1992 to 2003) and Cochrane Research Database were carried out. Additional searches were made using the reference lists of published papers and chapters. RESULTS Most of the studies were cross-sectional in nature. The few longitudinal studies had fairly short follow-up periods. Overall, the available evidence suggests that up to a third of elderly cancer patients may experience psychological distress. The psychological impact of cancer on the elderly was less adverse or similar compared with younger patients. There were only limited studies that specifically addressed the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in elderly cancer patients, which suggested that the prevalence for clinically significant depression could range from 3% to 25%. Organic mental disorders were more prevalent in the older group. CONCLUSIONS This review suggests that the psychological impact of cancer is less negative in the elderly compared to younger patients. As for the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in elderly cancer patients, this review suggests that it is an unanswered question with a dearth of published data, with most work either based only on clinical or hospital samples or not solely on the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kua
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health/Woodbridge Hospital, Singapore
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18
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the outcome and predictors of patients with schizophrenia 20 years later. METHOD The patients, aged 15-39 years, with diagnosis of schizophrenia and first admitted to a national mental hospital in Singapore in 1975 were included. In 1980, 1985, 1990 and 1995, their hospital records were examined and the patients were interviewed to determine their working and treatment status. Possible predictors of good outcome and suicide data were determined. RESULTS A total of 402 patients were included. Over 20 years, there was lower percentage of patients working full time and proportionately more patients were receiving out-patient treatment. Overall, about two-third of the patients had a good/fair outcome. Shorter illness duration before admission was significantly associated with a good outcome. The suicide rate was the highest in the first 10 years. CONCLUSION Most patients with schizophrenia had a good/fair outcome at 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kua
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health & Woodbridge Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
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19
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Tang Y, Ghirlanda G, Vaidehi N, Kua J, Mainz DT, Goddard III WA, DeGrado WF, Tirrell DA. Stabilization of coiled-coil peptide domains by introduction of trifluoroleucine. Biochemistry 2001; 40:2790-6. [PMID: 11258889 DOI: 10.1021/bi0022588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Substitution of leucine residues by 5,5,5-trifluoroleucine at the d-positions of the leucine zipper peptide GCN4-p1d increases the thermal stability of the coiled-coil structure. The midpoint thermal unfolding temperature of the fluorinated peptide is elevated by 13 degrees C at 30 microM peptide concentration. The modified peptide is more resistant to chaotropic denaturants, and the free energy of folding of the fluorinated peptide is 0.5-1.2 kcal/mol larger than that of the hydrogenated form. A similarly fluorinated form of the DNA-binding peptide GCN4-bZip binds to target DNA sequences with affinity and specificity identical to those of the hydrogenated form, while demonstrating enhanced thermal stability. Molecular dynamics simulation on the fluorinated GCN4-p1d peptide using the Surface Generalized Born implicit solvation model revealed that the coiled-coil binding energy is 55% more favorable upon fluorination. These results suggest that fluorination of hydrophobic substructures in peptides and proteins may provide new means of increasing protein stability, enhancing protein assembly, and strengthening receptor-ligand interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study are, first, to replicate and extend an Australian approach to assessing mental health literacy by studying a sample of Singapore mental health professionals, and to focus on differences between judgements made by the psychiatrists in comparison with the other mental health professionals. Second, to compare the psychiatrists' judgements with those of Australian psychiatrists. METHOD The Australian questionnaire, assessing responses in relation to vignettes of major depression and to schizophrenia was extended by adding a third vignette of mania, and by the addition of several region-specific response options. Nearly 500 questionnaires were distributed to representative staff (psychiatrists, nurses and allied health) of a large psychiatric institution in Singapore, with a response rate of 81%. Psychiatrists' judgements were compared with all other hospital staff, and with Australian psychiatrists' judgements. RESULTS The two principal contrast groups (Singapore psychiatrists and other Singapore mental health professionals) differed slightly in terms of diagnostic accuracy. The psychiatrists differed in favouring a more professionally focused model of intervention, while both professional groups viewed traditional healers and their practices as distinctly unhelpful. Direct comparison of psychiatrist ratings generated in Singapore and in Australia revealed quite similar response profiles. CONCLUSIONS In addition to generating data of some intrinsic importance, comparison with Australian survey data allows the potential impact of regional and cultural differences, as well as of varying psychiatric practices, to be identified. Responses identified more similarities than differences in the judgements of the psychiatrists from the two countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia.
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21
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Chen H, Parker G, Kua J, Jorm A, Loh J. Mental health literacy in Singapore: a comparative survey of psychiatrists and primary health professionals. Ann Acad Med Singap 2000; 29:467-73. [PMID: 11056777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the beliefs amongst health professionals in Singapore about management of 3 major mental disorders, comparing psychiatrists and a sample of primary care physicians, and so identify target areas for the education of primary health professionals. MATERIALS AND METHOD A questionnaire earlier distributed to psychiatrists at Woodbridge Hospital was posted to both Singapore general practitioners and polyclinic doctors. The questionnaire assessed the capacity of respondents to identify vignettes of depression, schizophrenia or mania, and then assessed respondents' views about the likely helpfulness of a number of interventions. RESULTS The psychiatrists and primary health professionals differed little in terms of diagnostic accuracy for depression and schizophrenia; however, only half the general practitioners and three-quarters of the polyclinic doctors correctly diagnosed mania, which was consistently diagnosed by the psychiatrists. A number of distinct differences were identified between the groups concerning the likely helpfulness and disorder specificity of various psychotropic drugs. The primary health physicians were more likely to favour non-specific management approaches, whilst the psychiatrists generally supported a focused biological approach to treatment, especially for the psychotic disorders. Some of the differences in beliefs about mental health management may well be contributed by the different patients treated by each group of clinicians. CONCLUSIONS The findings have important clinical implications in terms of diagnosing common psychiatric conditions accurately and giving us professionals' views about a range of interventions for such conditions, while also assisting review of educational programmes for identifying and managing major mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Woodbridge Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Singapore. Helen_CHEN/MOH/SINGOV
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