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Ahmed S, Bonnett L, Melhuish A, Adil MT, Aggarwal I, Ali W, Bennett J, Boldock E, Burns FA, Czarniak E, Dennis R, Flower B, Fok R, Goodman AL, Halai S, Hanna T, Hashem M, Hodgson SH, Hughes G, Hurndall KH, Hyland R, Iqbal MR, Jarchow-MacDonald A, Kailavasan M, Klimovskij M, Laliotis A, Lambourne J, Lawday S, Lee F, Lindsey B, Lund JN, Mabayoje DA, Malik KI, Muir A, Narula HS, Ofor U, Parsons H, Pavelle T, Prescott K, Rajgopal A, Roy I, Sagar J, Scarborough C, Shaikh S, Smart CJ, Snape S, Tabaqchali MA, Tennakoon A, Tilley R, Vink E, White L, Burke D, Kirby A. Development and internal validation of clinical prediction models for outcomes of complicated intra-abdominal infection. Br J Surg 2021; 108:441-447. [PMID: 33615351 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znaa117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with cIAI in a multicentre study and to develop clinical prediction models (CPMs) to help identify patients at risk of mortality or relapse. METHODS A multicentre observational study was conducted from August 2016 to February 2017 in the UK. Adult patients diagnosed with cIAI were included. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to develop CPMs for mortality and cIAI relapse. The c-statistic was used to test model discrimination. Model calibration was tested using calibration slopes and calibration in the large (CITL). The CPMs were then presented as point scoring systems and validated further. RESULTS Overall, 417 patients from 31 surgical centres were included in the analysis. At 90 days after diagnosis, 17.3 per cent had a cIAI relapse and the mortality rate was 11.3 per cent. Predictors in the mortality model were age, cIAI aetiology, presence of a perforated viscus and source control procedure. Predictors of cIAI relapse included the presence of collections, outcome of initial management, and duration of antibiotic treatment. The c-statistic adjusted for model optimism was 0.79 (95 per cent c.i. 0.75 to 0.87) and 0.74 (0.73 to 0.85) for mortality and cIAI relapse CPMs. Adjusted calibration slopes were 0.88 (95 per cent c.i. 0.76 to 0.90) for the mortality model and 0.91 (0.88 to 0.94) for the relapse model; CITL was -0.19 (95 per cent c.i. -0.39 to -0.12) and - 0.01 (- 0.17 to -0.03) respectively. CONCLUSION Relapse of infection and death after complicated intra-abdominal infections are common. Clinical prediction models were developed to identify patients at increased risk of relapse or death after treatment, these now require external validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ahmed
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - L Bonnett
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Melhuish
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - M T Adil
- Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, UK
| | - I Aggarwal
- Infection Unit, Ninewells Hospital, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - W Ali
- Department of Surgery, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Boston, UK
| | - J Bennett
- Cambridge Oesophago-Gastric Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Boldock
- Department of Microbiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
| | - F A Burns
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - E Czarniak
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R Dennis
- Colorectal Surgery Department, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, UK
| | - B Flower
- Department of Infection, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Fok
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - A L Goodman
- Department of Infection, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Halai
- Department of Surgery, Lister Hospital, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK
| | - T Hanna
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - M Hashem
- Department of Surgery, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, UK
| | - S H Hodgson
- Department of Infection, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - G Hughes
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, UK
| | - K-H Hurndall
- Department of Surgery, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, UK
| | - R Hyland
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - M R Iqbal
- Department of Surgery, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, UK
| | | | - M Kailavasan
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - M Klimovskij
- Department of Surgery, Conquest Hospital, East Sussex NHS Healthcare Trust, East Sussex, UK
| | - A Laliotis
- Cambridge Oesophago-Gastric Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Lambourne
- Division of Infection, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - S Lawday
- Department of Surgery, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - F Lee
- Radiology Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - B Lindsey
- Department of Microbiology, The Whittington Hospital, Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J N Lund
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - D A Mabayoje
- Division of Infection, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - K I Malik
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Muir
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - H S Narula
- Department of Surgery, Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Trust Hospital, Chesterfield, UK
| | - U Ofor
- Department of Surgery, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Boston, UK
| | - H Parsons
- Department of Microbiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
| | - T Pavelle
- Shrewsbury and Telford NHS Trust, Shrewsbury, UK
| | - K Prescott
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Rajgopal
- Department of Microbiology, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Trust, Huddersfield, UK
| | - I Roy
- Colorectal Surgery Department, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, UK
| | - J Sagar
- Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, UK
| | - C Scarborough
- Department of Infection, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - S Shaikh
- Department of Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - C J Smart
- Department of Surgery, Macclesfield District General Hospital, East Cheshire NHS Trust, Cheshire, UK
| | - S Snape
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - M A Tabaqchali
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital North Tees, Stockton on Tees, UK
| | - A Tennakoon
- Department of Surgery, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Boston, UK
| | - R Tilley
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - E Vink
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L White
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - D Burke
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital North Tees, Stockton on Tees, UK
| | - A Kirby
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital North Tees, Stockton on Tees, UK
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Stewart T, Lambourne J, Thorp-Jones D, Thomas DW. Implementation of early management of iron deficiency in pregnancy during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 258:60-62. [PMID: 33418463 PMCID: PMC7774011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is the commonest cause for anaemia worldwide making it a formidable issue particularly during pregnancy because of increased iron demands. This study looked at establishing a lower limit of normal for haemoglobin concentration (Hb) in our population and to proactively address potentially symptomatic iron deficiency during the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The lower limit of normal for Hb in our 1715 first trimester pregnancy cohort was 116 g/L. This is in contrast with guidance suggesting Hb levels down to 110 g/L are normal. In addition there was evidence of limited testing performed to look for iron deficiency with only 18 % having a serum ferritin checked. Most anaemia was normocytic suggesting that microcytosis is only a late marker of iron deficiency lacking sensitivity. A strategy to avoid hospital contact during the COVID-19 pandemic is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Stewart
- University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, Devon, PL6 8DH, United Kingdom
| | - J Lambourne
- East Kent Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, William Harvey Hospital, Kennington Road, Willesborough, Ashford, Kent, TN24 0LZ, United Kingdom
| | - D Thorp-Jones
- University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, Devon, PL6 8DH, United Kingdom
| | - D W Thomas
- University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, Devon, PL6 8DH, United Kingdom.
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Pacis A, Tailleux L, Morin AM, Lambourne J, MacIsaac JL, Yotova V, Dumaine A, Danckaert A, Luca F, Grenier JC, Hansen KD, Gicquel B, Yu M, Pai A, He C, Tung J, Pastinen T, Kobor MS, Pique-Regi R, Gilad Y, Barreiro LB. Bacterial infection remodels the DNA methylation landscape of human dendritic cells. Genome Res 2015; 25:1801-11. [PMID: 26392366 PMCID: PMC4665002 DOI: 10.1101/gr.192005.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark thought to be robust to environmental perturbations on a short time scale. Here, we challenge that view by demonstrating that the infection of human dendritic cells (DCs) with a live pathogenic bacteria is associated with rapid and active demethylation at thousands of loci, independent of cell division. We performed an integrated analysis of data on genome-wide DNA methylation, histone mark patterns, chromatin accessibility, and gene expression, before and after infection. We found that infection-induced demethylation rarely occurs at promoter regions and instead localizes to distal enhancer elements, including those that regulate the activation of key immune transcription factors. Active demethylation is associated with extensive epigenetic remodeling, including the gain of histone activation marks and increased chromatin accessibility, and is strongly predictive of changes in the expression levels of nearby genes. Collectively, our observations show that active, rapid changes in DNA methylation in enhancers play a previously unappreciated role in regulating the transcriptional response to infection, even in nonproliferating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Pacis
- Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, H3T1C5 Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T1J4 Canada
| | - Ludovic Tailleux
- Institut Pasteur, Mycobacterial Genetics Unit, Paris, 75015 France
| | - Alexander M Morin
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - John Lambourne
- Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, H3A0G1 Canada
| | - Julia L MacIsaac
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Vania Yotova
- Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, H3T1C5 Canada
| | - Anne Dumaine
- Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, H3T1C5 Canada
| | | | - Francesca Luca
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | | | - Kasper D Hansen
- Department of Biostatistics and McKusick-Nathans Institute for Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Brigitte Gicquel
- Institut Pasteur, Mycobacterial Genetics Unit, Paris, 75015 France
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Athma Pai
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Jenny Tung
- Departments of Evolutionary Anthropology and Biology and Duke Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, H3A0G1 Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Roger Pique-Regi
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Yoav Gilad
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Luis B Barreiro
- Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, H3T1C5 Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T1J4 Canada
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Allum F, Shao X, Guénard F, Simon MM, Busche S, Caron M, Lambourne J, Lessard J, Tandre K, Hedman ÅK, Kwan T, Ge B, Rönnblom L, McCarthy MI, Deloukas P, Richmond T, Burgess D, Spector TD, Tchernof A, Marceau S, Lathrop M, Vohl MC, Pastinen T, Grundberg E. Erratum: Characterization of functional methylomes by next-generation capture sequencing identifies novel disease-associated variants. Nat Commun 2015. [PMID: 26219997 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Allum F, Shao X, Guénard F, Simon MM, Busche S, Caron M, Lambourne J, Lessard J, Tandre K, Hedman ÅK, Kwan T, Ge B, Rönnblom L, McCarthy MI, Deloukas P, Richmond T, Burgess D, Spector TD, Tchernof A, Marceau S, Lathrop M, Vohl MC, Pastinen T, Grundberg E. Characterization of functional methylomes by next-generation capture sequencing identifies novel disease-associated variants. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7211. [PMID: 26021296 PMCID: PMC4544751 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Most genome-wide methylation studies (EWAS) of multifactorial disease traits use targeted arrays or enrichment methodologies preferentially covering CpG-dense regions, to characterize sufficiently large samples. To overcome this limitation, we present here a new customizable, cost-effective approach, methylC-capture sequencing (MCC-Seq), for sequencing functional methylomes, while simultaneously providing genetic variation information. To illustrate MCC-Seq, we use whole-genome bisulfite sequencing on adipose tissue (AT) samples and public databases to design AT-specific panels. We establish its efficiency for high-density interrogation of methylome variability by systematic comparisons with other approaches and demonstrate its applicability by identifying novel methylation variation within enhancers strongly correlated to plasma triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol, including at CD36. Our more comprehensive AT panel assesses tissue methylation and genotypes in parallel at ∼4 and ∼3 M sites, respectively. Our study demonstrates that MCC-Seq provides comparable accuracy to alternative approaches but enables more efficient cataloguing of functional and disease-relevant epigenetic and genetic variants for large-scale EWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Allum
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 740 Docteur-Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Québec , Canada H3A 0G1,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Docteur-Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Xiaojian Shao
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 740 Docteur-Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Québec , Canada H3A 0G1,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Docteur-Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Frédéric Guénard
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Marie-Michelle Simon
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 740 Docteur-Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Québec , Canada H3A 0G1,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Docteur-Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Stephan Busche
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 740 Docteur-Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Québec , Canada H3A 0G1,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Docteur-Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Maxime Caron
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 740 Docteur-Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Québec , Canada H3A 0G1,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Docteur-Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - John Lambourne
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 740 Docteur-Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Québec , Canada H3A 0G1,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Docteur-Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Julie Lessard
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Sainte-Foy Road, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Karolina Tandre
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset Ingång 40, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Åsa K. Hedman
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 14B, Uppsala 75185, Sweden,Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 14B, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Tony Kwan
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 740 Docteur-Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Québec , Canada H3A 0G1,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Docteur-Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Bing Ge
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 740 Docteur-Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Québec , Canada H3A 0G1,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Docteur-Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Lars Rönnblom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset Ingång 40, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7JU, UK,Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7JU, UK
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Todd Richmond
- Roche NimbleGen, 500 South Rosa Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
| | - Daniel Burgess
- Roche NimbleGen, 500 South Rosa Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
| | - Timothy D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE17EH, UK
| | - André Tchernof
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Sainte-Foy Road, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Simon Marceau
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, 2725 Sainte-Foy Road, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Mark Lathrop
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 740 Docteur-Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Québec , Canada H3A 0G1,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Docteur-Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 740 Docteur-Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Québec , Canada H3A 0G1,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Docteur-Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 740 Docteur-Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Québec , Canada H3A 0G1,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Docteur-Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1,
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Lambourne J, Tosi P, Marsh J, Bhandari D, Green R, Frazier R, Shewry PR. Characterisation of an s-type low molecular weight glutenin subunit of wheat and its proline and glutamine-rich repetitive domain. J Cereal Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
In this work we report the structural characteristics of bovine serum albumin/poly(ethylene glycol) lipid conjugate (BSA/PEG(2000)-PE) complexes under physiological conditions (37 degrees C and pH 7.4) for particular fractions of BSA to PEG-lipid concentration, c(BSA)/c(PEG)(2000)-PE. Ultraviolet fluorescence spectroscopy (UV) results shown that PEG(2000)-PE is associated to BSA, leading to protein unfolding for fixed c(BSA) = 0.01 wt % and variable c(PEG)(2000)-PE = 0.0015-0.6 wt %. Tryptophan groups on the BSA surface are in contact with the PEG-lipid at c(PEG)(2000)-PE = 0.0015 wt %, while they are exposed to water at c(PEG)(2000)-PE > 0.0015 wt %. Dynamic and static light scattering (DLS and SLS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) point out the existence of individual BSA/PEG-lipid complexes in the system for fixed c(BSA) = 1 wt % and variable c(PEG)(2000)-PE = 0.15-2 wt %. DLS shows that there is only one BSA molecule per protein/PEG-lipid complex, while SLS shows that the PEG-lipid associates to the BSA without promoting aggregation between adjacent protein/polymer-lipid conjugate complexes. SANS was used to show that BSA/PEG(2000)-PE complexes adopt an oblate ellipsoidal shape. Partially unfolded BSA is contained in the core of the oblate ellipsoid, which is surrounded by an external shell containing the PEG(2000)-PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Castelletto
- School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and Pharmacy, The University of Reading, PO BOX 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom.
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Hopkins S, Lambourne J, Farrell G, McCullagh L, Hennessy M, Clarke S, Mulcahy F, Bergin C. Role of individualization of hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy duration in HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals*. HIV Med 2006; 7:248-54. [PMID: 16630037 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2006.00365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of pegylated interferon and ribavirin in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients, prescribed for the same duration and at the same dosage as that used in HCV monoinfection studies. DESIGN It was an open-label, single-centre, prospective study. METHODS Forty-five patients coinfected with HIV and HCV with CD4 counts >200 cells/microL were treated with pegylated interferon-alpha2b 1.5 microg/kg/week and ribavirin 1000-1200 mg/day for 24-48 weeks depending on HCV genotype. Safety and tolerability were assessed weekly for the first month and monthly thereafter. Virological response was assessed at weeks 4, 12 and 24 and at the end of treatment and 12 and 24 weeks post completion of treatment. The primary endpoint was defined as undetectable HCV RNA at 24 weeks post completion of treatment [sustained virological response (SVR)]. RESULTS The majority of patients were male and had been injecting drug users. Sixty per cent were on antiretroviral therapy. In an intention-to-treat analysis, 53% had an SVR (genotype 1, 19% and genotype 2/3, 75%). All patients who had undetectable HCV RNA at week 4 of HCV treatment [very early virological response (VEVR)] had a SVR. On multivariate analysis only HCV genotype predicted SVR. Adverse events occurred frequently. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that 24 weeks of HCV treatment may be adequate for HIV-infected individuals coinfected with HCV genotype 2 or 3. VEVR can predict SVR in this group and may be used to guide the subgroup of genotype 2/3 individuals who will respond to 24 weeks of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hopkins
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine & Infectious Disease, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Steenge GR, Lambourne J, Casey A, Macdonald IA, Greenhaff PL. Stimulatory effect of insulin on creatine accumulation in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol 1998; 275:E974-9. [PMID: 9843739 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1998.275.6.e974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of insulin on plasma and muscle creatine accumulation and limb blood flow in humans after creatine administration. Seven men underwent a 300-min euglycemic insulin clamp combined with creatine administration on four separate occasions. Insulin was infused at rates of 5, 30, 55, or 105 mU. m-2. min-1, and on each occasion 12.4 g creatine was administered. During infusion of insulin at rates of 55 and 105 mU. m-2. min-1, muscle total creatine concentration increased by 4.5 +/- 1.4 (P < 0. 05) and 8.3 +/- 1.0 mmol/kg dry mass (P < 0.05), and plasma creatine concentrations were lower at specific time points compared with the 5 mU. m-2. min-1 infusion rate. The magnitude of increase in calf blood flow (plethysmography) was the same irrespective of the rate of insulin infusion, and forearm blood flow increased to the same extent as the three highest infusion rates. These findings demonstrate that insulin can enhance muscle creatine accumulation in humans but only when present at physiologically high or supraphysiological concentrations. This response is likely to be the result of an insulin-mediated increase in muscle creatine transport rather than creatine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Steenge
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
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Abstract
AIM To determine the frequency with which hyperprolactinaemic illness tends to resolve with time. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective case-notes review from a specialist endocrine unit in a provincial teaching hospital and tertiary referral centre. PATIENTS Seventy women with hyperprolactinaemia referred to the unit in the 15 year period between May 1979 and May 1994. All those with a non-pituitary cause or with macroadenoma had been excluded, as were those who did not have high-resolution imaging, or who were on treatment at the time of referral. INTERVENTION Intermittent course of treatment with dopamine receptor agonists according to individual need. ENDPOINTS Latest serum PRL concentration in those who had discontinued treatment, and whether serum PRL tended to be lower in any particular group. RESULTS There was a significant fall in median PRL concentration from 2000 (714-8000) to 1000 mU/l (220-5600) in the 31 women who had discontinued therapy (P < 0.0005), and serum PRL was normal (< 700 mU/l) in 11 of them. Serum PRL also fell to normal in three of ten women who had no treatment at all. Final PRL concentration was normal in 35% of women who had had at least one pregnancy during the period of follow-up compared to 14% who had not (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data confirm the findings of others that hyperprolactinaemia will prove self-limiting in up to one-third of women, and that pregnancy may be one factor which triggers a return to normal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Jeffcoate
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
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