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Migotsky N, Kumar S, Shuster JT, Coulombe JC, Senwar B, Gestos AA, Farber CR, Ferguson VL, Silva MJ. Multi-scale cortical bone traits vary in females and males from two mouse models of genetic diversity. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziae019. [PMID: 38634075 PMCID: PMC11021811 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis of cortical bone traits can allow for the discovery of novel genes or biological pathways regulating bone health. Mice are the most widely used mammalian model for skeletal biology and allow for the quantification of traits that cannot easily be evaluated in humans, such as osteocyte lacunar morphology. The goal of our study was to investigate the effect of genetic diversity on multi-scale cortical bone traits of 3 long bones in skeletally-mature mice. We measured bone morphology, mechanical properties, material properties, lacunar morphology, and mineral composition of mouse bones from 2 populations of genetic diversity. Additionally, we compared how intrabone relationships varied in the 2 populations. Our first population of genetic diversity included 72 females and 72 males from the 8 inbred founder strains used to create the Diversity Outbred (DO) population. These 8 strains together span almost 90% of the genetic diversity found in mice (Mus musculus). Our second population of genetic diversity included 25 genetically unique, outbred females and 25 males from the DO population. We show that multi-scale cortical bone traits vary significantly with genetic background; heritability values range from 21% to 99% indicating genetic control of bone traits across length scales. We show for the first time that lacunar shape and number are highly heritable. Comparing the 2 populations of genetic diversity, we show that each DO mouse does not resemble a single inbred founder, but instead the outbred mice display hybrid phenotypes with the elimination of extreme values. Additionally, intrabone relationships (eg, ultimate force vs. cortical area) were mainly conserved in our 2 populations. Overall, this work supports future use of these genetically diverse populations to discover novel genes contributing to cortical bone traits, especially at the lacunar length scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Migotsky
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Surabhi Kumar
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - John T Shuster
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Jennifer C Coulombe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Bhavya Senwar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Adrian A Gestos
- Materials Instrumentation and Multimodal Imaging Core, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Virginia L Ferguson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
- Materials Instrumentation and Multimodal Imaging Core, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Matthew J Silva
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
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Migotsky N, Kumar S, Shuster JT, Coulombe JC, Senwar B, Gestos AA, Farber CR, Ferguson VL, Silva MJ. Multi-Scale Cortical Bone Traits Vary in Two Mouse Models of Genetic Diversity. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.02.543484. [PMID: 37333124 PMCID: PMC10274655 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.02.543484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis of cortical bone traits can allow for the discovery of novel genes or biological pathways regulating bone health. Mice are the most widely used mammalian model for skeletal biology and allow for the quantification of traits that can't easily be evaluated in humans, such as osteocyte lacunar morphology. The goal of our study was to investigate the effect of genetic diversity on multi-scale cortical bone traits of three long bones in skeletally-mature mice. We measured bone morphology, mechanical properties, material properties, lacunar morphology, and mineral composition of mouse bones from two populations of genetic diversity. Additionally, we compared how intra-bone relationships varied in the two populations. Our first population of genetic diversity included 72 females and 72 males from the eight Inbred Founder strains used to create the Diversity Outbred (DO) population. These eight strains together span almost 90% of the genetic diversity found in mice (Mus musculus). Our second population of genetic diversity included 25 genetically unique, outbred females and 25 males from the DO population. We show that multi-scale cortical bone traits vary significantly with genetic background; heritability values range from 21% to 99% indicating genetic control of bone traits across length scales. We show for the first time that lacunar shape and number are highly heritable. Comparing the two populations of genetic diversity, we show each DO mouse does not resemble a single Inbred Founder but instead the outbred mice display hybrid phenotypes with the elimination of extreme values. Additionally, intra-bone relationships (e.g., ultimate force vs. cortical area) were mainly conserved in our two populations. Overall, this work supports future use of these genetically diverse populations to discover novel genes contributing to cortical bone traits, especially at the lacunar length scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Migotsky
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Surabhi Kumar
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - John T Shuster
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Bhavya Senwar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
| | - Adrian A Gestos
- Materials Instrumentation and Multimodal Imaging Core, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Virginia L Ferguson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
- Materials Instrumentation and Multimodal Imaging Core, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
| | - Matthew J Silva
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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Lawson LY, Migotsky N, Chermside-Scabbo CJ, Shuster JT, Joeng KS, Civitelli R, Lee B, Silva MJ. Loading-induced bone formation is mediated by Wnt1 induction in osteoblast-lineage cells. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22502. [PMID: 35969160 PMCID: PMC9430819 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200591r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical loading on the skeleton stimulates bone formation. Although the exact mechanism underlying this process remains unknown, a growing body of evidence indicates that the Wnt signaling pathway is necessary for the skeletal response to loading. Recently, we showed that Wnts produced by osteoblast lineage cells mediate the osteo-anabolic response to tibial loading in adult mice. Here, we report that Wnt1 specifically plays a crucial role in mediating the mechano-adaptive response to loading. Independent of loading, short-term loss of Wnt1 in the Osx-lineage resulted in a decreased cortical bone area in the tibias of 5-month-old mice. In females, strain-matched loading enhanced periosteal bone formation in Wnt1F/F controls, but not in Wnt1F/F; OsxCreERT2 knockouts. In males, strain-matched loading increased periosteal bone formation in both control and knockout mice; however, the periosteal relative bone formation rate was 65% lower in Wnt1 knockouts versus controls. Together, these findings show that Wnt1 supports adult bone homeostasis and mediates the bone anabolic response to mechanical loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Y. Lawson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Nicole Migotsky
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Christopher J. Chermside-Scabbo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John T. Shuster
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kyu Sang Joeng
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Roberto Civitelli
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Matthew J. Silva
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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