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Lenhart J, Pöstges F, Wagner KG, Lunter DJ. Evaluation of Printability of PVA-Based Tablets from Powder and Assessment of Critical Rheological Parameters. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:553. [PMID: 38675214 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a rather new technology in the production of personalized dosage forms. The melting and printing of polymer-active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)-mixtures can be used to produce oral dosage forms with different dosage as well as release behavior. This process is utilized to increase the bioavailability of pharmaceutically relevant active ingredients that are poorly soluble in physiological medium by transforming them into solid amorphous dispersions (ASD). The release from such ASDs is expected to be faster and higher compared to the raw materials and thus enhance bioavailability. Printing directly from powder while forming ASDs from loperamide in Polyvinylalcohol was realized. Different techniques such as a change in infill and the incorporation of sorbitol as a plastisizer to change release patterns as well as a non-destructive way for the determination of API distribution were shown. By measuring the melt viscosities of the mixtures printed, a rheological model for the printer used is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lenhart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florian Pöstges
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl G Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominique J Lunter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Pöstges F, Lenhart J, Stoyanov E, Lunter DJ, Wagner KG. Phase homogeneity in ternary amorphous solid dispersions and its impact on solubility, dissolution and supersaturation - Influence of processing and hydroxypropyl cellulose grade. Int J Pharm X 2023; 6:100222. [PMID: 38162398 PMCID: PMC10755049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
As performance of ternary amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) depends on the solid-state characteristics and polymer mixing, a comprehensive understanding of synergistic interactions between the polymers in regard of dissolution enhancement of poorly soluble drugs and subsequent supersaturation stabilization is necessary. By choosing hot-melt extrusion (HME) and vacuum compression molding (VCM) as preparation techniques, we manipulated the phase behavior of ternary efavirenz (EFV) ASDs, comprising of either hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)-SSL or HPC-UL in combination with Eudragit® L 100-55 (EL 100-55) (50:50 polymer ratio), leading to single-phased (HME) and heterogeneous ASDs (VCM). Due to higher kinetic solid-state solubility of EFV in HPC polymers compared to EL 100-55, we visualized higher drug distribution into HPC-rich phases of the phase-separated ternary VCM ASDs via confocal Raman microscopy. Additionally, we observed differences in the extent of phase-separation in dependence on the selected HPC grade. As HPC-UL exhibited decisive lower melt viscosity than HPC-SSL, formation of partially miscible phases between HPC-UL and EL 100-55 was facilitated. Consequently, as homogeneously mixed polymer phases were required for optimal extent of solubility improvement, the manufacturing-dependent differences in dissolution performances were smaller using HPC-UL, instead of HPC-SSL, i.e. using HPC-UL was less demanding on shear stress provided by the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Pöstges
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonas Lenhart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tübingen, Auf d. Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Edmont Stoyanov
- Nisso Chemical Europe GmbH, Berliner Allee 42, 40212 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dominique J. Lunter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tübingen, Auf d. Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karl G. Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Mato AR, Hill BT, Lamanna N, Barr PM, Ujjani CS, Brander DM, Howlett C, Skarbnik AP, Cheson BD, Zent CS, Pu JJ, Kiselev P, Foon K, Lenhart J, Henick Bachow S, Winter AM, Cruz AL, Claxton DF, Goy A, Daniel C, Isaac K, Kennard KH, Timlin C, Fanning M, Gashonia L, Yacur M, Svoboda J, Schuster SJ, Nabhan C. Optimal sequencing of ibrutinib, idelalisib, and venetoclax in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results from a multicenter study of 683 patients. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:1050-1056. [PMID: 28453705 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ibrutinib, idelalisib, and venetoclax are approved for treating CLL patients in the United States. However, there is no guidance as to their optimal sequence. Patients and methods We conducted a multicenter, retrospective analysis of CLL patients treated with kinase inhibitors (KIs) or venetoclax. We examined demographics, discontinuation reasons, overall response rates (ORR), survival, and post-KI salvage strategies. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Results A total of 683 patients were identified. Baseline characteristics were similar in the ibrutinib and idelalisib groups. ORR to ibrutinib and idelalisib as first KI was 69% and 81%, respectively. With a median follow-up of 17 months (range 1-60), median PFS and OS for the entire cohort were 35 months and not reached. Patients treated with ibrutinib (versus idelalisib) as first KI had a significantly better PFS in all settings; front-line [hazard ratios (HR) 2.8, CI 1.3-6.3, P = 0.01], relapsed-refractory (HR 2.8, CI 1.9-4.1, P < 0.001), del17p (HR 2.0, CI 1.2-3.4, P = 0.008), and complex karyotype (HR 2.5, CI 1.2-5.2, P = 0.02). At the time of initial KI failure, use of an alternate KI or venetoclax had a superior PFS when compared with chemoimmunotherapy. Furthermore, patients who discontinued ibrutinib due to progression or toxicity had marginally improved outcomes if they received venetoclax (ORR 79%) versus idelalisib (ORR 46%) (PFS HR .6, CI.3-1.0, P = 0.06). Conclusions In the largest real-world experience of novel agents in CLL, ibrutinib appears superior to idelalisib as first KI. Furthermore, in the setting of KI failure, alternate KI or venetoclax therapy appear superior to chemoimmunotherapy combinations. The use of venetoclax upon ibrutinib failure might be superior to idelalisib. These data support the need for trials testing sequencing strategies to optimize treatment algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Mato
- Center for CLL, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - B T Hill
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - N Lamanna
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, New York Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - P M Barr
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, USA
| | - C S Ujjani
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, USA
| | | | - C Howlett
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Services, John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, USA.,Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, USA
| | - A P Skarbnik
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, USA
| | - B D Cheson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, USA
| | - C S Zent
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, USA
| | - J J Pu
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | | | - K Foon
- Celgene Corporation, Summit, USA
| | | | - S Henick Bachow
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, New York Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - A M Winter
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - A-L Cruz
- Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, USA
| | - D F Claxton
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | - A Goy
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, USA
| | - C Daniel
- Center for CLL, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - K Isaac
- Center for CLL, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - K H Kennard
- Center for CLL, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - C Timlin
- Center for CLL, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - M Fanning
- Center for CLL, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - L Gashonia
- Center for CLL, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - M Yacur
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | - J Svoboda
- Center for CLL, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - S J Schuster
- Center for CLL, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - C Nabhan
- Cardinal Health Specialty Solutions, Waukegan, USA
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Mondy L, Mrozek R, Rao R, Lenhart J, Bieg L, Spangler S, Stavig M, Schroeder J, Winter M, Diantonio C, Collins R. Multilayer Coextrusion of Polymer Composites to Develop Organic Capacitors. INT POLYM PROC 2015. [DOI: 10.3139/217.2872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Multilayer coextrusion is applied to produce a tape containing layers of alternating electrical properties to demonstrate the potential for using coextrusion to manufacture capacitors. To obtain the desired properties, we develop two filled polymer systems, one for conductive layers and one for dielectric layers. We describe numerical models used to help determine the material and processing parameters that impact processing and layer stability. These models help quantify the critical ratios of densities and viscosities of the two layers to maintain stable layers, as well as the effect of increasing the flow rate of one of the two materials. The conducting polymer is based on polystyrene filled with a blend of low-melting-point eutectic metal and nickel particulate filler, as described by Mrozek et al. (2010). The appropriate concentrations of fillers are determined by balancing measured conductivity with processability in a twin screw extruder. Based on results of the numerical models and estimates of the viscosity of emulsions and suspensions, a dielectric layer composed of polystyrene filled with barium titanate is formulated. Despite the fact that the density of the dielectric filler is less than the metallic filler of the conductive phase, as well as rheological measurements that later showed that the dielectric formulation is not an ideal match to the viscosity of the conductive material, the two materials can be successfully coextruded if the flow rates of the two materials are not identical. A measurable capacitance of the layered structure is obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Mondy
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, NM , USA
| | - R. Mrozek
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Aberdeen, MD , USA
| | - R. Rao
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, NM , USA
| | - J. Lenhart
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Aberdeen, MD , USA
| | - L. Bieg
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, NM , USA
| | - S. Spangler
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, NM , USA
| | - M. Stavig
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, NM , USA
| | - J. Schroeder
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, NM , USA
| | - M. Winter
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, NM , USA
| | - C. Diantonio
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, NM , USA
| | - R. Collins
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, NM , USA
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Wagner R, Machann J, Lehmann R, Rittig K, Schick F, Lenhart J, Artunc F, Linder K, Claussen CD, Schleicher E, Fritsche A, Häring HU, Weyrich P. Exercise-induced albuminuria is associated with perivascular renal sinus fat in individuals at increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2012; 55:2054-8. [PMID: 22526613 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Microalbuminuria represents an established surrogate marker of early diabetic nephropathy and glomerular microangiopathy. Increasing evidence is emerging of a role of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) as an important link between obesity, insulin resistance and both macro- and microangiopathy. It is not known whether perivascular renal sinus fat (RSF) has an impact on microalbuminuria in the prediabetic stage. We investigated whether RSF quantified by MRI is associated with microalbuminuria before or after exercise. METHODS Non-diabetic individuals at increased risk of type 2 diabetes were recruited into the Tübingen Lifestyle Intervention Program (TULIP); 146 participants took part in the analysis. RSF was measured in axial MRI sections at the level of the renal artery. Urine was collected before and after exercise stress testing. RESULTS Participants (age 47 ± 12 years; mean ± SD) reached a mean exercise load of 176 ± 49 W, with a mean arterial peak pressure (MAPP) of 112 ± 14 mmHg. After adjusting for sex, age, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and MAPP during exercise, RSF was significantly associated with postexercise albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR; p = 0.006). No association between RSF and baseline BP could be observed after adjusting for confounders (p = 0.26), and there was no association between RSF and baseline ACR either (p = 0.2). CONCLUSIONS RSF is associated with exercise-induced albuminuria independently of sex, age, VAT and MAPP in a non-diabetic cohort at diabetic risk. We conclude that PVAT in the renal sinus may play a role in the pathogenesis of microalbuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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