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Zhang J, Wang S, Tang Y, Liu F, Zhao Y, Chen J, Edgar K. Dess-Martin oxidation of hydroxypropyl and hydroxyethyl cellulose, and exploration of their polysaccharide/polypeptide hydrogels. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 328:121732. [PMID: 38220349 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Oxidation of polysaccharides can provide biomaterials with aldehyde and ketone functional groups, which are particularly useful in biomedical applications, like drug delivery, tissue adhesion and hydrogel preparation. However, despite their potential, only a few such methods have been reported, and achieving selective, quantitative oxidation of polysaccharides remains challenging. Herein we report utilization of a mild oxidant, Dess-Martin periodinane, for the chemoselective oxidation of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC). Our findings reveal that the oxidation of HPC is fast, efficient and achieves near-quantitative conversion. Moreover, both Ox-HPC and Ox-HEC exhibit low cell toxicity, and readily form hydrogels by reaction with a polypeptide comprising amino acids with amine-containing a-substituents, α-poly-l-lysine. The peptide/polysaccharide hydrogels display self-healing properties, injectability, and antimicrobial activity, making them highly attractive for biomedical applications including in wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Shuo Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Ying Tang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Fujun Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Yongxian Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Junyi Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
| | - Kevin Edgar
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
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2
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Pöstges F, Lenhart J, Stoyanov E, Lunter DJ, Wagner KG. Phase homogeneity in ternary amorphous solid dispersions and its impact on solubility, dissolution and supersaturation - Influence of processing and hydroxypropyl cellulose grade. Int J Pharm X 2023; 6:100222. [PMID: 38162398 PMCID: PMC10755049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
As performance of ternary amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) depends on the solid-state characteristics and polymer mixing, a comprehensive understanding of synergistic interactions between the polymers in regard of dissolution enhancement of poorly soluble drugs and subsequent supersaturation stabilization is necessary. By choosing hot-melt extrusion (HME) and vacuum compression molding (VCM) as preparation techniques, we manipulated the phase behavior of ternary efavirenz (EFV) ASDs, comprising of either hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)-SSL or HPC-UL in combination with Eudragit® L 100-55 (EL 100-55) (50:50 polymer ratio), leading to single-phased (HME) and heterogeneous ASDs (VCM). Due to higher kinetic solid-state solubility of EFV in HPC polymers compared to EL 100-55, we visualized higher drug distribution into HPC-rich phases of the phase-separated ternary VCM ASDs via confocal Raman microscopy. Additionally, we observed differences in the extent of phase-separation in dependence on the selected HPC grade. As HPC-UL exhibited decisive lower melt viscosity than HPC-SSL, formation of partially miscible phases between HPC-UL and EL 100-55 was facilitated. Consequently, as homogeneously mixed polymer phases were required for optimal extent of solubility improvement, the manufacturing-dependent differences in dissolution performances were smaller using HPC-UL, instead of HPC-SSL, i.e. using HPC-UL was less demanding on shear stress provided by the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Pöstges
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonas Lenhart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tübingen, Auf d. Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Edmont Stoyanov
- Nisso Chemical Europe GmbH, Berliner Allee 42, 40212 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dominique J. Lunter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tübingen, Auf d. Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karl G. Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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3
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Luebbert C, Stoyanov E. Tailored ASD destabilization - Balancing shelf life stability and dissolution performance with hydroxypropyl cellulose. Int J Pharm X 2023; 5:100187. [PMID: 37396620 PMCID: PMC10314205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) formulations are preferred enabling formulations for poorly water soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) as they reliably enhance the dissolution behavior and solubility. Balancing a high stability against unwanted transformations such as crystallization and amorphous phase separation during storage on the one hand and optimizing the dissolution behavior of the formulation (high supersaturation and maintenance for long time) on the other hand are essential during formulation development. This study assessed the potential of ternary ASDs (one API and two polymers) containing the polymers hydroxypropyl cellulose together with poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVP VA64) or hydroxypropyl cellulose acetate succinate to stabilize the amorphously embedded APIs fenofibrate and simvastatin during storage and to enhance the dissolution performance. Thermodynamic predictions using the PC-SAFT model revealed for each combination of polymers the optimal polymer ratio, maximum API load that is thermodynamically stable as well as miscibility of the two polymers. The stability predictions were validated by three months enduring stability tests, followed by a characterization of the dissolution behavior. The thermodynamically most stable ASDs were found to be the ASDs with deteriorated dissolution performance. Within the investigated polymer combinations, physical stability and dissolution performance opposed each other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edmont Stoyanov
- Nisso Chemical Europe GmbH, Berliner Allee 42, Düsseldorf D-40212, Germany
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4
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Tialiou A, Athab ZH, Woodward RT, Biegler V, Keppler BK, Halbus AF, Reithofer MR, Chin JM. Fabrication of graded porous structure of hydroxypropyl cellulose hydrogels via temperature-induced phase separation. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 315:120984. [PMID: 37230621 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel hydroxypropyl cellulose (gHPC) hydrogel with graded porosity has been fabricated, in which pore size, shape, and mechanical properties vary across the material. The graded porosity was achieved by cross-linking different parts of the hydrogel at temperatures below and above 42 °C, which was found to be the temperature of turbidity onset (lower critical solution temperature, LCST) for the HPC and divinylsulfone cross-linker mixture. Scanning electron microscopy imaging revealed a decreasing pore size along the cross-section of the HPC hydrogel from the top to the bottom layer. HPC hydrogels demonstrate graded mechanical properties whereby the top layer, Zone 1, cross-linked below LCST, can be compressed by about 50% before fracture, whereas the middle and bottom layers (Zone 2 and 3, respectively) cross-linked at 42 °C, can withstand 80% compression before failure. This work demonstrates a straightforward, yet novel, concept of exploiting a graded stimulus to incorporate a graded functionality into porous materials that can withstand mechanical stress and minor elastic deformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Tialiou
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zahraa H Athab
- University of Babylon, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Hilla, Iraq; University of Babylon, College of Science, Environmental Research and Studies Center, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Robert T Woodward
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Materials Chemistry and Research, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Biegler
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Materials Chemistry and Research, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ahmed F Halbus
- University of Babylon, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Michael R Reithofer
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jia Min Chin
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry-Functional Materials, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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5
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Cremer G, Danthine S, Van Hoed V, Dombree A, Laveaux AS, Damblon C, Karoui R, Blecker C. Variability in the substitution pattern of hydroxypropyl cellulose affects its physico-chemical properties. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13604. [PMID: 36879748 PMCID: PMC9984446 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is a water-soluble polymer with many applications in food, pharmaceutical, medical, or paints industries. Past studies have reported that differences in functionality can occur between products of similar pharmaceutical grades. Understanding the origin of these differences is a major challenge for the industry. In this work, the structure and physico-chemical properties of several HPC samples of the same commercial grade were studied. Structural analysis by NMR and enzymatic hydrolysis were performed to study molar substitution and distribution of substituents along the polymer chain respectively. Water-polymer interactions, surface properties as well as rheological and thermal behavior were characterized to tentatively correlate them with the structure, and gain new insights into the structure-function relationship of this polymer. The differences in structure revealed between the samples affect their properties. The unexpected behavior of one sample was attributed to a more heterogeneous substitution pattern, with the coexistence of highly and weakly substituted regions along the same polymer chain. The more block-like distribution of substituents has a great effect on the clouding behavior and surface tension reduction ability of the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Cremer
- Laboratory of Food Science and Formulation, GxABT, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Sabine Danthine
- Laboratory of Food Science and Formulation, GxABT, University of Liege, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Christian Damblon
- MolSys Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Romdhane Karoui
- Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte D'Opale, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. of Liege, INRAE, Junia, UMR-T 1158, BioEcoAgro, F-62300, Lens, France
| | - Christophe Blecker
- Laboratory of Food Science and Formulation, GxABT, University of Liege, Belgium
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Moutaharrik S, Maroni A, Neut C, Dubuquoy C, Dubuquoy L, Foppoli A, Cerea M, Palugan L, Siepmann F, Siepmann J, Gazzaniga A. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a pH-, microbiota- and time-based oral delivery platform for colonic release. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 183:13-23. [PMID: 36563887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Several formulation strategies have been proposed for oral colon delivery, particularly for the therapy of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, targeting the large intestine remains a challenging goal. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a novel type of drug delivery system, which is based on multiple drug release triggers for reliable performance. The system consists of: (i) a drug core, (ii) an inner swellable low-viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) layer, and (iii) an outer film coating based on a Eudragit® S:high-methoxyl (HM) pectin (7:3 w/w) blend, optionally containing chitosan. Convex immediate release tablets (2 or 4 mm in diameter) containing paracetamol or 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) were coated in a fluid bed. The double-coated tablets exhibited pulsatile release profiles when changing the release medium from 0.1 N HCl to phosphate buffer pH 7.4. Also, drug release was faster in simulated colonic fluid (SCF) in the presence of fecal bacteria from IBD patients compared to control culture medium from tablets with outer Eudragit® S: HM pectin: chitosan coatings. The latter systems showed promising results in the control of the progression of colitis and alteration of the microbiota in a preliminary rat study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moutaharrik
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche (DISFARM), Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - A Maroni
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche (DISFARM), Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - C Neut
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - C Dubuquoy
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - L Dubuquoy
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - A Foppoli
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche (DISFARM), Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - M Cerea
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche (DISFARM), Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - L Palugan
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche (DISFARM), Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - F Siepmann
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - J Siepmann
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - A Gazzaniga
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche (DISFARM), Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", 20133 Milan, Italy.
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7
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Arora G, Mishra A, Gaurav, Chandra N, Kesharwani P, Jain GK. In Vitro and In Vivo Scalp Retention and Penetration of 99mTc-Minoxidil Solution. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:230-236. [PMID: 36181874 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study assessed the effect of retention on ex vivo skin and in vivo scalp penetration of radiolabeled minoxidil formulations (5% w/v). Minoxidil was radiolabeled with technetium (99mTc) with an efficiency of 99.1% using 0.2% stannous chloride as reducing agent at pH 6 and incubation temperature of 40 °C. Three different 99mTc-minoxidil formulations were prepared using aqueous ethanolic solution as vehicle. Formulation A contains 99mTc-minoxidil dissolved in vehicle, formulation B contains 10% propylene glycol (PG) and formulation C contains 10% hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), in addition. Results showed that addition of HPC resulted in enhanced viscosity (400 mPa.s) and significantly higher ex vivo retention (p < 0.05) and permeation (0.75±0.12%, 8 h). PG does not improve the permeation and the results (0.44±0.05%, 8 h) were not significantly different from vehicle alone (0.40±0.05%, 8 h). The results of the in vivo human scalp studies corroborated with the ex vivo results and addition of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPH) showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) scalp retention. Post 8 h application, scalp penetration in group treated with formulation C was nearly 2.8-fold and 2.2-fold higher than those treated with formulation A and B, respectively. Further, absence of minoxidil in systemic circulation during study duration indicates safety. In conclusion, our results showed that increasing contact time of minoxidil with scalp by modifying viscosity results in reduced frequency of application and improved efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Abha Mishra
- Department of Physiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Gaurav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Nilesh Chandra
- Basic Medical Science Division, Indian Council of Medical Research, V. Ramalingaswami Bhawan, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India; Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department Of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College , Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical science, Chennai , India.
| | - Gaurav Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India; Center for Advanced Formulation Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India.
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8
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Patel NG, Banella S, Serajuddin ATM. Moisture Sorption by Polymeric Excipients Commonly Used in Amorphous Solid Dispersions and its Effect on Glass Transition Temperature: II. Cellulosic Polymers. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:3114-3129. [PMID: 35921915 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Moisture sorption by polymeric carriers used for the development of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) plays a critical role in the physical stability of dispersed drugs since moisture may decrease glass transition temperature (Tg) and thereby increase molecular mobility of drugs leading to their crystallization. To assist the selection of appropriate polymers for ASDs, we conducted moisture sorption by five types of cellulosic polymers, namely, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HPMCP), and ethyl cellulose (EC), as functions of relative humidity (10 to 90% RH) and temperature (25 and 40 °C). The moisture sorption was in the order of HPC>HPMC>HPMCP>HPMCAS>EC, and there was no significant effect of the molecular weights of polymers on moisture uptake. There was also less moisture sorption at 40 °C than that at 25 °C. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the polymers decreased with the increase in moisture content. However, the plasticizing effect by moisture on HPC could not be determined fully since, despite being amorphous, there were very little baseline shifts in DSC scans. There was also very shallow baseline shift for HPMC at >1% moisture content. In contrast, Tg of HPMCAS and HPMCP decreased in general agreement with the Gordon-Taylor/Kelley-Bueche equation, and EC was semicrystalline having both Tg and melting endotherm, with only minor effect of moisture on Tg. The results of the present investigation would lead to a systematic selection of polymeric carriers for ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirali G Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Sabrina Banella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Abu T M Serajuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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9
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de Assis JMC, Barbosa EJ, Bezzon VDN, Lourenço FR, Carvalho FMS, Matos JR, Araci Bou-Chacra N, Benmore CJ, Byrn SR, Costa FN, de Araujo GLB. Hot-melt extrudability of amorphous solid dispersions of flubendazole-copovidone: An exploratory study of the effect of drug loading and the balance of adjuvants on extrudability and dissolution. Int J Pharm 2022; 614:121456. [PMID: 35017024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The FDA-approved anthelmintic flubendazole has shown potential to be repositioned to treat cancer and dry macular degeneration; however, its poor water solubility limits its use. Amorphous solid dispersions may overcome this challenge, but the balance of excipients may impact the preparation method and drug release. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of adjuvants and drug loading on the development of an amorphous solid dispersion of flubendazole-copovidone by hot-melt extrusion. The drug, copovidone, and adjuvants (magnesium stearate and hydroxypropyl cellulose) mixtures were statistically designed, and the process was performed in a twin-screw extruder. The study showed that flubendazole and copovidone mixtures were highly extrudable, except when drug loading was high (>40%). Furthermore, magnesium stearate positively impacted the extrusion and was more effective than hydroxypropyl cellulose. The extruded materials were evaluated by modulated differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction, obtaining positive amorphization and physical stability results. Pair distribution function analysis indicated the presence of drug-rich domains with medium-range order structure and no evidence of polymer-drug interaction. All extrudates presented faster dissolution (HCl, pH 1.2) than pure flubendazole, and both adjuvants had a notable influence on the dissolution rate. In conclusion, hot-melt extrusion may be a viable option to obtain stable flubendazole:copovidone amorphous dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M C de Assis
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo J Barbosa
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinícius D N Bezzon
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210580, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe R Lourenço
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavio M S Carvalho
- Geosciences Institute, Department of Mineralogy and Geotectonics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-08, SP, Brazil
| | - J R Matos
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil.
| | - Nadia Araci Bou-Chacra
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Chris J Benmore
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, IL, 60439, United States
| | - Stephen R Byrn
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States
| | - Fanny N Costa
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX110DE, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel L B de Araujo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil.
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10
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Saraiva S, Pereira P, Paula CT, Rebelo RC, Coelho JFJ, Serra AC, Fonseca AC. Development of electrospun mats based on hydrophobic hydroxypropyl cellulose derivatives. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2021; 131:112498. [PMID: 34857284 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, hydroxypropyl cellulose esters (HPCE) with long aliphatic chains were prepared and innovatively used in electrospinning to obtain hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)-based mats with enhanced resistance to moist environments. The described approach is very simple and does not require any post-treatment (e.g. cross-linking step) to overcome a major problem concerning the premature loss of properties of cellulose-based materials when in contact with moisture. HPCE-based electrospun mats were characterized in terms of their morphology, swelling ability and in vitro hydrolytic degradation. The mats exhibited a swelling capacity of over 115%, depending on the degree of substitution. The in vitro hydrolytic degradation tests showed the high structural integrity of the mats (< 5% weight loss) over a period of 30 days. The in vitro cytotoxicity tests showed that the mats of HPC esters are cytocompatible and promote the adhesion, proliferation and spreading of NIH3T3 fibroblast cells. These data suggest that the HPCE mats may be interesting materials for wound dressings, as well as for other tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Saraiva
- University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima- Pólo II, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima- Pólo II, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal; IPN, Instituto Pedro Nunes, Associação para a Inovação e Desenvolvimento em Ciência e Tecnologia, Rua Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C T Paula
- University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima- Pólo II, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R C Rebelo
- University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima- Pólo II, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge F J Coelho
- University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima- Pólo II, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Arménio C Serra
- University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima- Pólo II, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C Fonseca
- University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima- Pólo II, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal.
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11
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Bulut E, Turhan Y. Synthesis and characterization of temperature-sensitive microspheres based on acrylamide grafted hydroxypropyl cellulose and chitosan for the controlled release of amoxicillin trihydrate. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:1191-1203. [PMID: 34614414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study deals with the preparation of temperature-sensitive chitosan/hydroxypropyl cellulose-graft-polyacrylamide (CS/HPC-g-PAAm) blend microspheres as a controlled drug release system. For this purpose, HPC-g-PAAm copolymers of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) with acrylamide (AAm) were synthesized using cerium (IV) ammonium nitrate as initiator. The HPC-g-PAAm copolymers were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Lower critical solution temperatures (LCST) of the synthesized copolymers were determined. Temperature-sensitive blend microspheres of HPC-g-PAAm and chitosan were prepared by emulsion cross-linking method using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a cross-linker in the hydrochloric acid catalyst (HCl) and they were used to achieve controlled release of amoxicillin trihydrate (AMX), an antibiotic drug. The microspheres were characterized by DSC, X-ray diffraction (X-RD), and FTIR spectroscopy. In addition, surfaces of empty and drug-loaded microspheres were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of variables such as CS/HPC-g-PAAm ratio, drug/polymer ratio, amount of cross-linker, and reaction time of grafting on AMX release were investigated at three different pH environments (1.2, 6.8, 7.4) at 25 °C, 37 °C, and 50 °C. The release results showed that the microspheres had temperature sensitivity and the AMX release was slightly more controlled by especially increasing graft yield (%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Bulut
- Department of Food Processing, Bolvadin Vocational School, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03300 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Yakup Turhan
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Arts Faculty, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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12
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Camerini R, Poggi G, Ridi F, Baglioni P. The kinetic of calcium silicate hydrate formation from silica and calcium hydroxide nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 605:33-43. [PMID: 34311313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The mechanism of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) formation, a relevant component of cement, the largest used material by mankind, is well documented. However, the effects of nano-sized materials on the CSH formation have not yet been evaluated. To this aim, a kinetic study on CSH formation via the "pozzolanic reaction" of nanosilica and calcium hydroxide nanoparticles, and in the presence of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) as hydration regulator, is reported in this paper. EXPERIMENTS The reagents were mixed with water and cured at 10, 20, 30 and 40 °C. The reaction kinetics was studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A Boundary Nucleation and Growth model (BNGM) combined with a diffusion-limited model was used to analyze the data, yielding induction times, reaction rates, activation energies, nucleation and linear growth rates, and the related diffusion coefficients. FINDINGS The rate constants kB and kG, which are, respectively, the rate at which the nucleated boundary area transforms, and the rate at which the non-nucleated grains between the boundaries transform, increase with temperature. Their different temperature dependence accounts for the prevailing effect of nucleation over nuclei growth at progressively lower temperatures. The nucleation rate, IB, is strongly enhanced when using nanomaterials, while the linear growth rate, G, is limited by the tightly packed structure of the transforming matrix. HPC influences the kinetics between 10 and 30 °C; at 40 °C the temperature effect becomes predominant. HPC delays induction and acceleration periods, increases Ea(kB), and enhances the reaction efficiency during the diffusion regime, by retaining and delivering water over the matrix, thus allowing a higher water consumption in the hydration reaction of CSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Camerini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Giovanna Poggi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Francesca Ridi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Piero Baglioni
- CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
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13
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Gao Y, Liu Y, Qin X, Guo Z, Li D, Li C, Wan H, Zhu F, Li J, Zhang Z, He S. Dual stimuli-responsive fungicide carrier based on hollow mesoporous silica/ hydroxypropyl cellulose hybrid nanoparticles. J Hazard Mater 2021; 414:125513. [PMID: 34030404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The controlled release of pesticides based on nanoparticle platforms has emerged as a new technology for increasing the efficiency of pesticides and for reducing environmental pollution because of their size-dependent and target-modifying properties. In the present study, pH/cellulase dual stimuli-responsive controlled-release formulations (PYR-HMS-HPC) were designed by grafting hydroxypropyl cellulose onto pyraclostrobin-loaded hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles via an ester linkage. The PYR-HMS-HPC formulations were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyzer, transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. The results demonstrated that PYR-HMS-HPC with a loading capacity of 12.1 wt% showed excellent pyraclostrobin release behaviors in response to acidic environments and the introduction of cellulase, could effectively prevented pyraclostrobin from photolysis. Compared with commercial pyraclostrobin formulations, the PYR-HMS-HPC formulations showed much stronger and statistically significant fungicidal activity against Magnaporthe oryzae from 7 to 21 days. Furthermore, the Allium cepa chromosome aberration assay demonstrated that the PYR-HMS-HPC formulations reduced the genotoxicity of pyraclostrobin. These pH/cellulase dual stimuli-responsive controlled-release formulations are of great interest for sustainable on-demand crop disease protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Gao
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xueyin Qin
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ziping Guo
- Hubei Provincial Plant Protection General Station, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Donglin Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chenggang Li
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Hu Wan
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fuxing Zhu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Shun He
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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14
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Seelinger D, Trosien S, Nau M, Biesalski M. Tailored oxidation of hydroxypropyl cellulose under mild conditions for the generation of wet strength agents for paper. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 254:117458. [PMID: 33357917 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Secondary hydroxyl groups of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) are transformed into reactive carbonyl groups selectively via TEMPO-mediated oxidation in the presence of sodium hypochlorite. By using this oxidation protocol, we introduced carbonyl functions in HPC under mild conditions, with a controlled degree of oxidation (DOx) up to 2.5 and a low degradation of the polysaccharide. The effect of the concentration of sodium hypochlorite on the resulting oxidized alcohol groups has been investigated in detail. Oxidized HPC crosslinks spontaneous at room temperature and mild pH-values with a variety of amines to form water stable hydrogels. If applied on lab-made paper sheet, thermally cross-linking this polymer with amines significantly increased the wet tensile strength. The utilization of such wet strength agents could lead to new approaches in terms of recyclability and biodegradability of wet strength agents interesting for a large number of different paper grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Seelinger
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Simon Trosien
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Nau
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Markus Biesalski
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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15
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Luebbert C, Stoyanov E, Sadowski G. Phase behavior of ASDs based on hydroxypropyl cellulose. Int J Pharm X 2021; 3:100070. [PMID: 33409486 PMCID: PMC7773875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2020.100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel polymeric carriers for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are highly demanded in pharmaceutical industry to improve the bioavailability of poorly-soluble drug candidates. Besides established polymer candidates, hydroxypropyl celluloses (HPC) comes more and more into the focus of ASD production since they have the availability to stabilize drug molecules in aqueous media against crystallization. The thermodynamic long-term stability of HPC ASDs with itraconazole and fenofibrate was predicted in this work with PC-SAFT and compared to three-months enduring long-term stability studies. The glass-transition temperature is a crucial attribute of a polymer, but in case of HPC hardly detectable by differential scanning calorimetry. By investigating the glass transition of HPC blends with a miscible polymer, we were for the first time able to estimate the HPC glass transition. Although both, fenofibrate and itraconazole reveal a very low crystalline solubility in HPC regardless of the HPC molecular weight, we observed that low-molecular weight HPC grades such as HPC-UL prevent fenofibrate crystallization for a longer period than the higher molecular weight HPC grades. As predicted, the ASDs with higher drug load underwent amorphous phase separation according to the differential scanning calorimetry thermograms. This work thus showed that it is possible to predict critical drug loads above which amorphous phase separation and/or crystallization occurs in HPC ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edmont Stoyanov
- Nisso Chemical Europe GmbH, Berliner Allee 42, D-40212 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gabriele Sadowski
- amofor GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Str. 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.,TU Dortmund University, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
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16
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Macocinschi D, Filip D, Ciubotaru BI, Dumitriu RP, Varganici CD, Zaltariov MF. Blends of sodium deoxycholate-based poly(ester ether)urethane ionomer and hydroxypropylcellulose with mucosal adhesiveness. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1262-1275. [PMID: 32585272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
New mucoadhesive blends of sodium deoxycholate-based poly(ester ether)urethane ionomer (PU) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) are prepared. The presence of the intermolecular interactions between the polymeric components has been investigated by FTIR spectroscopy indicating their miscibility in the solid phase. DSC studies also revealed a single glass transition of the blends, which is indicative of miscibility of PU and HPC in the amorphous phase. The amount of HPC in the blends influences strongly the physicochemical and mucoadhesion/bioadhesion properties. It was found that the value of area attributed to ordered hydrogen bonding (FTIR), the onset temperature values of thermal degradation in N2 flow (TG/DTG), the values of the sorption capacity (Dynamic Vapor Sorption-DVS), the values of the apparent viscosity (rheological measurements) and mucoadhesion/bioadhesion properties increased by increasing the HPC content in the blends. Complex viscosity revealed shear thinning behavior for all the studied solutions evidencing the contributive role of polymer viscoelasticity on mucoadhesion. It was found that both G' and G" increase with an increase in angular frequency and G">G' which is characteristic for liquid-like (sol state) behavior for all blended solutions and this behavior is helpful in the adhesion with mucosa surface. Mucoadhesion of PU/HPC blends was assessed in the stomach mucosa at pH 2.6 and 37 °C. Bioadhesion test was performed at pH 7.4 and 37 °C and revealed a stronger interaction of PU/HPC blends with cellulose membrane than with stomach mucosa. The similar nature of the HPC and cellulose membrane determines additional adhesion forces and implicity high adhesion properties. The HPC component increases the hydrophilicity of the blends as DVS analysis revealed, but also leads to hydrolytic degradation. FTIR spectroscopy analysis was used to evaluate the hydrolytic stability in acid (pH 2.6) and slightly alkaline (pH 7.4) PBS media and a mechanism of degradation has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doina Macocinschi
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda 41 A, Iasi 700487, Romania
| | - Daniela Filip
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda 41 A, Iasi 700487, Romania
| | - Bianca-Iulia Ciubotaru
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda 41 A, Iasi 700487, Romania
| | | | | | - Mirela-Fernanda Zaltariov
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda 41 A, Iasi 700487, Romania.
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17
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Takeuchi Y, Ikeda N, Tahara K, Takeuchi H. Mechanical characteristics of orally disintegrating films: Comparison of folding endurance and tensile properties. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119876. [PMID: 32927004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The tensile test is the most widely used method for testing the mechanical characteristics of orally disintegrating films (ODFs). The other available test is the folding endurance (FE) test, which is more suitable for clarifying the actual strength during the manufacturing and dosing. However, the FE test is performed manually, and the FE number it generates has not been adequately analyzed as an index. The aim of this studies were to establish an automatic method for determining the FE number, and to compare the resulting FE numbers with the tensile properties. For this purpose, a desktop-model endurance test machine was used. First, the operating conditions-i.e., the folding angle, the folding speed and the weight requirement were optimized using ODF models. Secondly, the FE of ODFs prepared from three film formers (HPMC, HPC, and PVA) and with insoluble particles (calcium carbonate), plasticizers (glycerin) and APIs (acetaminophen), was evaluated and compared with the tensile properties. Lastly, the commercial ODFs were investigated. The results showed that our automatic system could be successfully used to determine the FE characteristics of ODFs. FE was suggested to relate to not only the strength but also the elongation during the tensile test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
| | - Nozomi Ikeda
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Kohei Tahara
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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18
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Gosecki M, Setälä H, Virtanen T, Ryan AJ. A facile method to control the phase behavior of hydroxypropyl cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 251:117015. [PMID: 33152849 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a facile chemical method to convert the hydroxyl groups of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) into carbamates. It was achieved by the reaction of HPC with N-methyl carbamoylimidazole, which is a safe and easy to handle replacement for the particularly hazardous reagent methyl isocyanate. Using a series of HPC with a range of molar substitution of hydroxypropyl groups, we synthesized HPC methylcarbamates showing lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in the range between 94 and 15 °C. A linear dependence of LCST versus methylcarbamate degree of substitution is observed. The lower the initial hydroxypropyl content of HPC, the greater the effect of methylcarbamate on the LCST. Surface tension study showed that methylcarbamate modification has an insignificant effect on the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the macromolecules below LCST unless the molecular substitution of hydroxypropyl groups is so low (0.8) that the native cellulose OH groups can react with N-methyl carbamoylimidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Gosecki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK; Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Harri Setälä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, FI-02044, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Tommi Virtanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, FI-02044, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Anthony J Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK.
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19
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Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Kos Durjava M, Kouba M, López-Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Bories G, Gropp J, Nebbia C, Innocenti ML, Aquilina G. Safety and efficacy of hydroxypropyl cellulose for all animal species. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06213. [PMID: 32760469 PMCID: PMC7393479 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on hydroxypropyl cellulose as a feed additive for all animal species. Hydroxypropyl cellulose is intended for use as a technological additive (functional groups: emulsifier, stabiliser and thickener) in premixtures and feedingstuffs for all animal species with no minimum and maximum content. A proper identification and characterisation of hydroxypropyl cellulose as required for a feed additive is not available and the occurrence of potential toxic impurities cannot be assessed. The following conclusions apply only to hydroxypropyl cellulose meeting the food additive specifications. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that hydroxypropyl cellulose is considered safe for all animal species. The use of hydroxypropyl cellulose in animal nutrition is of no concern for consumer safety. In the absence of data, the FEEDAP Panel was not in the position to conclude on the safety of hydroxypropyl cellulose for the user. The use of hydroxypropyl cellulose as a feed additive is considered safe for the environment. The additive is considered to be efficacious in feedingstuffs for all animal species.
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20
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Takayama Y, Matějka L, Kato N. Dynamic gelation of shear-induced filamentous domains for cellulose ether assemblies due to polyion complexation. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 234:115880. [PMID: 32070503 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Assemblies of carbohydrate polymers are important in a number of applications and improved methods for their fabrication are increasingly sought after. Herein, we report that an aqueous two-phase system of alginate (Alg) and hydroxypropyl cellulose with poly(methacrylic acid) graft chains (HPC-PMA) facilitated the assembly of Alg/HPC-PMA in both phases. Dynamically formed filamentous domains in a flow field were gelled by rapid complexation with cationic polyethyleneimine (PEI). The fabricated HPC-PMA gel filament morphologies can be switched between the bundled and dissociated gel filaments using a co-flow microfluidic device in response to the amount of supplied PEI crosslinker. Excess complexation of PEI contributes to the fabrication of cationic gel filaments; this contribution results in a dissociated structure due to electrostatic repulsion. In contrast, an appropriate amount of PEI resulted in a bundle structure. The proposed spinning method avoids the risk of nozzle clogging, and enables the one-step spinning of multiple gel filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Takayama
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan
| | - Libor Matějka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan.
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21
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Kittikunakorn N, Koleng JJ 3rd, Listro T, Calvin Sun C, Zhang F. Effects of thermal binders on chemical stabilities and tabletability of gabapentin granules prepared by twin-screw melt granulation. Int J Pharm 2019; 559:37-47. [PMID: 30660749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of thermal binders on the physicochemical properties of gabapentin, a thermally labile drug, in granules prepared using twin-screw melt granulation was investigated in this study. Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), a thermoplastic high molecular-weight binder, was compared against conventional low molecular-weight semi-crystalline thermal binders PEG 8000 and Compritol. Both the chemical degradation and polymorph form change of gabapentin were analyzed. The effects of particle size and molecular weight of HPC on the properties of granules were also studied. To overcome the high melt viscosity of HPC, higher barrel temperatures and higher specific mechanical energy were required to attain suitable granules. As a result, higher levels of gabapentin degradant were observed in HPC-based formulations. However, gabapentin form change was not observed in all formulations. Smaller particle size and lower molecular weight of HPC led to faster granule growth. The tabletability of granules was insensitive to the variations in particle size and molecular weight of HPC. Gabapentin crystal size reduction, HPC size reduction, and HPC enrichment on granule surface were observed for HPC-based granules.
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22
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Camerini R, Chelazzi D, Giorgi R, Baglioni P. Hybrid nano-composites for the consolidation of earthen masonry. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 539:504-515. [PMID: 30611046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Earth is one of the oldest silicate-based materials in stone heritage, still largely used in architecture worldwide. Earthen materials are highly susceptible to wind and water erosion, leading to loss of cohesion and crumbling. Conventional consolidants (alkoxysilanes, synthetic or natural polymers) lack physico-chemical compatibility or effectiveness, and can promote degradation. We propose for the first time nano-composites for the surface consolidation of adobe, i.e. unbaked earth bricks often containing organic fibers and lime. EXPERIMENTS We investigated, mimicking the setting of portland cement, the formation of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) within adobe porosities, owing to the pozzolanic reaction between nanoparticles of silica and calcium hydroxide, to consolidate a powdery substrate. Different formulations were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and turbidimetry (UV-Vis spectroscopy). FINDINGS A ternary composite made of SiO2 nanoparticles, Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles, and hydroxypropyl cellulose, dispersed in a (4:1) ethanol:water blend, was formulated. Each component is compatible with adobe, and plays a role in its consolidation. The treatment of adobe samples with the composite leads to the in situ formation of CSH, providing resistance to peeling, abrasion, and wet-dry cycles, with no aesthetic alteration. This opens new perpectives in the preservation of one of the most widely used construction materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Camerini
- CSGI and Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - David Chelazzi
- CSGI and Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Rodorico Giorgi
- CSGI and Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Piero Baglioni
- CSGI and Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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23
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Takeuchi Y, Kawamoto M, Tahara K, Takeuchi H. Design of a new disintegration test system for the evaluation of orally disintegrating films. Int J Pharm 2018; 553:281-289. [PMID: 30366069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the design of the orally disintegrating films (ODFs), it is important to determine the disintegration time (DT) precisely and properly. These films' DTs are usually assessed by a disintegration test defined in the pharmacopoeias, but under the conditions of such tests, a much larger volume of water is used and a stronger up-down movement is applied compared to the conditions of the human oral cavity. Here we developed and tested our new disintegration test system for ODFs. We chose a disintegration test device (the Tricorptester®, Okada Seiko, Tokyo) for orally disintegrating tablets. This device enabled the mechanical dropping of the test medium. We designed an exclusive fixture for ODFs, made an opening in the center of the fixture, and optimized the size of the opening (i.e., the cell). We also investigated that test conditions including the types of test media, the dropping height, flow rate, dropping methods, and medium holding methods. With a passage sensor attached to the Tricorptester, the device was able to automatically detect the DTs of ODFs. We thus successfully developed a new disintegration test system and optimized the operating conditions. Using this system, model ODFs and the commercial ODFs can be properly evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
| | - Misaki Kawamoto
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Kohei Tahara
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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24
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Moore HA, Marucci M, Härdelin L, Hjärtstam J, Stading M, von Corswant C, Larsson A. New insights on the influence of manufacturing conditions and molecular weight on phase-separated films intended for controlled release. Int J Pharm 2018; 536:261-271. [PMID: 29157964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate how manufacturing conditions influence phase-separated films of ethyl cellulose (EC) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) with different molecular weights of HPC. Two HPC grades, SSL and M, with weight average molecular weights (Mw) of 30×103g/mol and 365×103g/mol, respectively, were combined with EC 10 cps (70:30w/w EC/HPC) and spray-coated from ethanol solutions onto a rotating drum under well-controlled process conditions. Generally, a low spray rate resulted in a more rapid film drying process and, consequently, in smaller HPC-rich domains in the phase-separated film structure. For EC/HPC films with the low Mw HPC (SSL) the most rapid drying process resulted in a shift from a HPC-discontinuous to a partly bicontinuous structure and an increase in the permeability for water. In contrast, films containing the high Mw HPC (M) all showed bicontinuous structures, which resulted in overall higher water permeabilities and polymer release compared to the low Mw films. Interestingly, a maximum in permeability was observed for the high Mw films at intermediate spray rates. Below this spray rate the permeability decreased due to a lower amount of polymer released and at higher spray rates, the permeability decreased due to a loss of pore connectivity (or increased tortuosity). To conclude, this study shows that different Mw systems of EC/HPC can respond differently to variations in manufacturing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Andersson Moore
- SP Food and Bioscience, Structure and Material Design, PO BOX 5301, SE-402 29 Gothenburg, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Material and Manufacturing Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; SuMo BIOMATERIALS, VINN Excellence Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mariagrazia Marucci
- SuMo BIOMATERIALS, VINN Excellence Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Linda Härdelin
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Hjärtstam
- SuMo BIOMATERIALS, VINN Excellence Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Mats Stading
- SP Food and Bioscience, Structure and Material Design, PO BOX 5301, SE-402 29 Gothenburg, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Material and Manufacturing Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; SuMo BIOMATERIALS, VINN Excellence Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christian von Corswant
- SuMo BIOMATERIALS, VINN Excellence Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anette Larsson
- SuMo BIOMATERIALS, VINN Excellence Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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25
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Yano S, Iwase T, Teramoto N, Shimasaki T, Shibata M. Synthesis, thermal properties and cell-compatibility of photocrosslinked cinnamoyl-modified hydroxypropyl cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 184:418-426. [PMID: 29352937 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatibility of cinnamoyl-modified carbohydrate materials is not well-known, while they are attracting attention as a photoreactive material. In order to investigate biocompatible properties of cinnamoyl-modified carbohydrate, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) was reacted with cinnamoyl chloride to yield cinnamoyl-modified HPC (HPC-C) for a cell proliferation test. HPC-Cs with three different degrees of substitution (DS) were prepared by changing a feed ratio of cinnamoyl chloride to HPC. The DS of the products ranged from 1.3 to 3.0 per one hydroxylpropyl anhydroglucose unit. Thermal analysis using DSC and TGA showed that the HPC-C with higher DS has a glass transition temperature and higher thermal stability. Ultraviolet (UV) light was irradiated on the HPC-C thin films, and changes in the UV-vis spectrum of the films were examined. In the course of UV irradiation, the absorbance at 280 nm was reduced. Fibroblast cells were cultured on the photocrosslinked HPC-C films, and cell growth was examined. The cell proliferation test revealed that the photocrosslinked HPC-C films have good compatibility with fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| | - Takumi Iwase
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| | - Naozumi Teramoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Shimasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Shibata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
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26
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Chen P, Liu X, Jin R, Nie W, Zhou Y. Dye adsorption and photo-induced recycling of hydroxypropyl cellulose/molybdenum disulfide composite hydrogels. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 167:36-43. [PMID: 28433173 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel environmental friendly dye adsorbent composited of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) were fabricated, which can be recycled and reused by illumination due to the photo-catalytic properties of MoS2. In order to promote a more homogeneous dispersion of MoS2 nanosheets in HPC, MoS2 was functionalized with HPC chains through esterification. The successful functionalization of MoS2 was confirmed by FTIR, XRD, XPS characterizations. The morphologies of the HPC and HPC-MoS2/HPC hydrogels were compared by SEM. The obtained HPC-MoS2/HPC hydrogels exhibited enhanced adsorption performance toward methylene blue. An adsorption improvement of HPC hydrogel had been brought by the incorporation of HPC-MoS2 sheets. Adsorption kinetics was then imitated by Lagergren pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. Adsorption isotherms were imitated by Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm. The photo-regeneration experiments of HPC-MoS2/HPC hydrogel after absorption showed that the absorbent can be activated easily by illumination with little loss of dye adsorbing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Chen
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Polymer Materials, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Polymer Materials, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Rundong Jin
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Polymer Materials, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wangyan Nie
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Polymer Materials, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Polymer Materials, Hefei 230601, China
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27
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Gallardo M, Hebles M, Migueles B, Dorado M, Aguilera L, González M, Piqueras P, Lucas A, Montero L, Sánchez-Martín P, Sánchez-Martín F, Risco R. Hydroxypropyl cellulose supplementation in vitrification solutions: a prospective study with donor oocytes. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 34:417-422. [PMID: 28028772 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), a polysaccharide that forms a viscous gel under low temperatures, is a promising substitute of the blood-derived macromolecules traditionally used in cryopreservation solutions. The performance of a protein-free, fully synthetic set of vitrification and warming solutions was assessed in a matched pair analysis with donor oocytes. METHODS A prospective study including 219 donor MII oocytes was carried out, comparing the laboratory outcomes of oocytes vitrified with HPC-based solutions and their fresh counterparts. The primary performance endpoint was the fertilization rate. Secondary parameters assessed were embryo quality on days 2 and 3. RESULTS 70/73 (95.9%) vitrified MII oocytes exhibited morphologic survival 2 h post-warming, with 49 (70.0%) presented normal fertilization, compared to 105 of 146 (71.9%) MII fresh oocytes. Similar embryo quality was observed in both groups. A total of 18 embryos implanted, out of 38 embryos transferred (47.3%), resulting in 13 newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Gallardo
- Clínica Ginemed, C/ Farmacéutico Murillo Herrera n 3-5, 41010, Seville, Spain.,Seville Engineering School, University of Seville, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - María Hebles
- Clínica Ginemed, C/ Farmacéutico Murillo Herrera n 3-5, 41010, Seville, Spain
| | - Beatriz Migueles
- Clínica Ginemed, C/ Farmacéutico Murillo Herrera n 3-5, 41010, Seville, Spain
| | - Mónica Dorado
- Clínica Ginemed, C/ Farmacéutico Murillo Herrera n 3-5, 41010, Seville, Spain
| | - Laura Aguilera
- Clínica Ginemed, C/ Farmacéutico Murillo Herrera n 3-5, 41010, Seville, Spain
| | - Mercedes González
- Clínica Ginemed, C/ Farmacéutico Murillo Herrera n 3-5, 41010, Seville, Spain
| | - Paloma Piqueras
- Clínica Ginemed, C/ Farmacéutico Murillo Herrera n 3-5, 41010, Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucas
- Seville Engineering School, University of Seville, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Lorena Montero
- Clínica Ginemed, C/ Farmacéutico Murillo Herrera n 3-5, 41010, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Ramón Risco
- Seville Engineering School, University of Seville, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092, Seville, Spain. .,National Accelerators Centre, Calle Thomas Alva Edison, 7, 41092, Seville, Spain.
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28
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Tanaka A, Furubayashi T, Tomisaki M, Kawakami M, Kimura S, Inoue D, Kusamori K, Katsumi H, Sakane T, Yamamoto A. Nasal drug absorption from powder formulations: The effect of three types of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC). Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 96:284-289. [PMID: 27664332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the numerous advantages of powder formulations, few studies have described their nasal drug absorption. The first aim of this study was to compare the drug absorption from powder formulation with that from a liquid formulation in rats. Since pharmaceutical excipients are usually added to most powder formulations, the second aim of the study was to investigate the effect of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) on nasal drug absorption from the powder. Three types of HPC with different polymerization degrees were used: HPC(SL), HPC(M), and HPC(H). The model drugs were warfarin (BCS Class I), piroxicam (BCS Class II), and sumatriptan (BCS Class III). The absorption of these model drugs in the powder form was higher than that from the solution. All HPCs failed to enhance warfarin absorption, while the piroxicam absorption was enhanced only by HPC(M). Sumatriptan absorption was not enhanced by HPC(SL), but by HPC(M) and HPC(H). The differences in nasal absorption of the three model drugs promoted by HPCs depend on the permeability and solubility of the drug. Moreover, the nasal retention of different formulations was increased by HPCs. Because HPCs showed no toxic effect on the nasal epithelium. These findings indicate that powder formulations supplemented with HPC are a valuable and promising approach to increase the nasal absorption of highly soluble and poorly permeable drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Tanaka
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | | | - Manami Tomisaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Mayuko Kawakami
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Kita, Okayama 703-8516, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kusamori
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Katsumi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sakane
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi 4-19-1, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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29
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Andersson H, Häbel H, Olsson A, Sandhagen S, von Corswant C, Hjärtstam J, Persson M, Stading M, Larsson A. The influence of the molecular weight of the water-soluble polymer on phase-separated films for controlled release. Int J Pharm 2016; 511:223-235. [PMID: 27349793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and ethyl cellulose (EC) can be used for extended release coatings, where the water-soluble HPC may act as a pore former. The aim was to investigate the effect of the molecular weight of HPC on the microstructure and mass transport in phase-separated freestanding EC/HPC films with 30% w/w HPC. Four different HPC grades were used, with weight averaged molecular weights (Mw) of 30.0 (SSL), 55.0 (SL), 83.5 (L) and 365 (M) kg/mol. Results showed that the phase-separated structure changed from HPC-discontinuous to bicontinuous with increasing Mw of HPC. The film with the lowest Mw HPC (SSL) had unconnected oval-shaped HPC-rich domains, leaked almost no HPC and had the lowest water permeability. The remaining higher Mw films had connected complex-shaped pores, which resulted in higher permeabilities. The highest Mw film (M) had the smallest pores and very slow HPC leakage, which led to a slow increase in permeability. Films with grade L and SL released most of their HPC, yet the permeability of the L film was three times higher due to greater pore connectivity. It was concluded that the phase-separated microstructure, the level of pore percolation and the leakage rate of HPC will be affected by the choice of HPC Mw grade used in the film and this will in turn have strong impact on the film permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Andersson
- SP Food and Bioscience, Structure and Material Design, PO BOX 5301, SE-402 29 Gothenburg, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Material and Manufacturing Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; SuMo BIOMATERIALS, VINN Excellent Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Henrike Häbel
- SuMo BIOMATERIALS, VINN Excellent Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Mathematical Statistics, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Olsson
- SuMo BIOMATERIALS, VINN Excellent Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Physics, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofie Sandhagen
- SP Food and Bioscience, Structure and Material Design, PO BOX 5301, SE-402 29 Gothenburg, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Michael Persson
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Akzo Nobel Pulp and Performance Chemicals AB, 445 80 Bohus, Sweden
| | - Mats Stading
- SP Food and Bioscience, Structure and Material Design, PO BOX 5301, SE-402 29 Gothenburg, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Material and Manufacturing Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anette Larsson
- SuMo BIOMATERIALS, VINN Excellent Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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30
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Danel C, Melnyk P, Azaroual N, Larchanché PE, Goossens JF, Vaccher C. Evaluation of three neutral capillary coatings for the determination of analyte-cyclodextrin binding constants by affinity capillary electrophoresis. Application to N,N'-disubstituted piperazine derivatives. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1455:163-171. [PMID: 27286645 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The performances of three neutral static coatings (hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) have been evaluated in order to determine the binding constants of the complexes formed between four polycationic compounds (piperazine derivatives) and four cyclodextrins of pharmaceutical interest (β-CD, HP-β-CD, Me-β-CD and sulfobutyl ether-β-CD) by affinity capillary electrophoresis. The physically-adsorbed poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) coating proves to be the more efficient to mask the silanol groups of the capillary wall since the lowest electroosmotic flow was measured for this coating. Moreover, it drastically reduces the adsorption of the compounds since it allows a correct repeatability of their migration time, higher efficiencies of the peaks and no baseline shift. Then, it was verified for four complexes that this coating allows a correct determination of the binding constants avoiding the CD adsorption which is responsible of an undervaluation of binding constants. The highest binding constants are obtained using the anionic sulfobutyl ether-β-CD (SBE-β-CD). The structure of the complex formed between the tacrine derivative and the SBE-β-CD was further investigated through 2D ROESY NMR experiments and structure-binding constant relationships. Results suggest that the inclusion in the SBE-β-CD cavity occurs through the aliphatic ring portion of the tacrine moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Danel
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365 GRITA Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Patricia Melnyk
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 JPArc Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Nathalie Azaroual
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365 GRITA Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Paul-Emmanuel Larchanché
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 JPArc Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Jean-François Goossens
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365 GRITA Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Claude Vaccher
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365 GRITA Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France.
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31
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Coello A, Campos P, Remohí J, Meseguer M, Cobo A. A combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose and trehalose as supplementation for vitrification of human oocytes: a retrospective cohort study. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:413-421. [PMID: 26754749 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-015-0633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine whether the new formulation of vitrification solutions containing a combination of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and trehalose does not affect outcomes in comparison with using conventional solutions made of serum substitute supplement (SSS) and sucrose. METHODS Ovum donation cycles were retrospectively compared regarding the solution used for vitrification and warming of human oocytes. The analysis included 218 cycles (N = 2532 oocytes) in the study group (HPC + trehalose) and 214 cycles (N = 2353 oocytes) in the control group (SSS + sucrose). RESULTS No statistical differences were found in ovarian stimulation parameters and baseline characteristics of donors and recipients. The survival rate was 91.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 89.8-92.9) in the HPC + trehalose group vs. 92.1% (95% CI = 90.4-93.7) in the SSS + sucrose group (NS). The implantation rate (42.8%, 95% CI = 37.7-47.9 vs. 41.2%, 95% CI = 36.0-46.4), clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) per transfer (60.7%, 95% CI = 53.9-67.5 vs. 56.4%, 95% CI = 49.3-63.5), and ongoing pregnancy rate (OPR) per transfer (48.5%, 95% CI = 41.5-55.5 vs. 46.3%, 95% CI = 39.2-53.4) were similar for patients who received either HPC + trehalose-vitrified oocytes or SSS + sucrose-vitrified oocytes. Statistical differences were found when analyzing blastocyst rate both per injected oocyte (30.2%, 95% CI = 28.3-32.1 vs. 24.1%, 95% CI = 22.3-25.9) and per fertilized oocyte (40.8%, 95%CI = 38.5-43.1 vs. 33.2%, 95% CI = 30.8-35.5) (P < 0.0001). Delivery rate was comparable between groups (37.2%, 95% CI = 30.8-46.6 vs. 36.9%, 95% CI = 30.4-43.4; NS). CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that HPC and trehalose are suitable and safe substitutes for serum and sucrose. Therefore, the new commercial media can be used efficiently in the vitrification of human oocytes avoiding viral and endotoxin contamination risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aila Coello
- Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI), University of Valencia, Pl. Policía Local 3, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Campos
- Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI), University of Valencia, Pl. Policía Local 3, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Remohí
- Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI), University of Valencia, Pl. Policía Local 3, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marcos Meseguer
- Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI), University of Valencia, Pl. Policía Local 3, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Cobo
- Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI), University of Valencia, Pl. Policía Local 3, Valencia, Spain.
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32
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Qi X, Chen H, Rui Y, Yang F, Ma N, Wu Z. Floating tablets for controlled release of ofloxacin via compression coating of hydroxypropyl cellulose combined with effervescent agent. Int J Pharm 2015; 489:210-7. [PMID: 25956047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To prolong the residence time of dosage forms within gastrointestinal trace until all drug released at desired rate was one of the real challenges for oral controlled-release drug delivery system. Herein, we developed a fine floating tablet via compression coating of hydrophilic polymer (hydroxypropyl cellulose) combined with effervescent agent (sodium bicarbonate) to achieve simultaneous control of release rate and location of ofloxacin. Sodium alginate was also added in the coating layer to regulate the drug release rate. The effects of the weight ratio of drug and the viscosity of HPC on the release profile were investigated. The optimized formulations were found to immediately float within 30s and remain lastingly buoyant over a period of 12 h in simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) without pepsin, indicating a satisfactory floating and zero-order drug release profile. In addition, the oral bioavailability experiment in New Zealand rabbits showed that, the relative bioavailability of the ofloxacin after administrated of floating tablets was 172.19%, compared to marketed common release tablets TaiLiBiTuo(®). These results demonstrated that those controlled-released floating tables would be a promising gastro-retentive delivery system for drugs acting in stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Qi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yao Rui
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Fengjiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ning Ma
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zhenghong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Formulation Technologies, Taizhou 225300, PR China.
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Pan XM, Li J, Gan R, Hu XN. Preparation and in vitro evaluation of enteric-coated tablets of rosiglitazone sodium. Saudi Pharm J 2015; 23:581-6. [PMID: 26594126 PMCID: PMC4605911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare the rosiglitazone sodium enteric-coated tablets and investigate its release rate. The rosiglitazone sodium enteric-coated tablet was prepared by single punch tablet press using substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The release rate from the enteric-coated tablet of rosiglitazone sodium was evaluated. The release rate study showed that few rosiglitazone sodium was released from enteric coated formulation within 2 h in simulated gastric juice, while it released more than 80% of the labeled amount in 30 min in simulated intestinal juice. The preparing method of rosiglitazone sodium enteric-coated tablets was simple and had a good reproducibility. The release condition and determined methods could be used for the routine determinations of rosiglitazone sodium enteric-coated tablets.
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Aytac Z, Sen HS, Durgun E, Uyar T. Sulfisoxazole/cyclodextrin inclusion complex incorporated in electrospun hydroxypropyl cellulose nanofibers as drug delivery system. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 128:331-8. [PMID: 25769282 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) inclusion complex (IC) of a hydrophobic drug, sulfisoxazole (SFS) was incorporated in hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) nanofibers (HPC/SFS/HPβCD-IC-NF) via electrospinning. SFS/HPβCD-IC was characterized by DSC to investigate the formation of inclusion complex and the stoichiometry of the complex was determined by Job's plot. Modeling studies were also performed on SFS/HPβCD-IC using ab initio technique. SEM images depicted the defect free uniform fibers and confirmed the incorporation of SFS/HPβCD-IC in nanofibers did not alter the fiber morphology. XRD analyses showed amorphous distribution of SFS/HPβCD-IC in the fiber mat. Release studies were performed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The results suggest higher amount of SFS released from HPC/SFS/HPβCD-IC-NF when compared to free SFS containing HPC nanofibers (HPC/SFS-NF). This was attributed to the increased solubility of SFS by inclusion complexation. Sandwich configurations were prepared by placing HPC/SFS/HPβCD-IC-NF between electrospun PCL nanofibrous mat (PCL-HPC/SFS/HPβCD-IC-NF). Consequently, PCL-HPC/SFS/HPβCD-IC-NF exhibited slower release of SFS as compared with HPC/SFS/HPβCD-IC-NF. This study may provide more efficient future strategies for developing delivery systems of hydrophobic drugs.
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Sarode AL, Malekar SA, Cote C, Worthen DR. Hydroxypropyl cellulose stabilizes amorphous solid dispersions of the poorly water soluble drug felodipine. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 112:512-9. [PMID: 25129775 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Overcoming the low oral bioavailability of many drugs due to their poor aqueous solubility is one of the major challenges in the pharmaceutical industry. The production of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of these drugs using hydrophilic polymers may significantly improve their solubility. However, their storage stability and the stability of their supersaturated solutions in the gastrointestinal tract upon administration are unsolved problems. We have investigated the potential of a low viscosity grade of a cellulosic polymer, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC-SSL), and compared it with a commonly used vinyl polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate (PVP-VA), for stabilizing the ASDs of a poorly water soluble drug, felodipine. The ASDs were produced using hot melt mixing and stored under standard and accelerated stability conditions. The ASDs were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Drug dissolution and partitioning rates were evaluated using single- and biphasic dissolution studies. The ASDs displayed superior drug dissolution and partitioning as compared to the pure crystalline drug, which might be attributed to the formation of a drug-polymer molecular dispersion, amorphous conversion of the drug, and drug-polymer hydrogen bonding interactions. Late phase separation and early re-crystallization occurred at lower and higher storage temperatures, respectively, for HPC-SSL ASDs, whereas early phase separation, even at low storage temperatures, was noted for PVP-VA ASDs. Consequently, the partitioning rates for ASDs dispersed in HPC-SSL were greater than those of PVP-VA at lower and room temperature storage, whereas the performance of both of the ASDs was similar when stored at higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish L Sarode
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Swapnil A Malekar
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | | | - David R Worthen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.
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