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Sharp A, Porta N, Lambros MBK, Welti JC, Paschalis A, Raj GV, Plymate SP, de Bono JS. Dissecting Prognostic From Predictive Utility: Circulating AR-V7 Biomarker Testing for Advanced Prostate Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2019; 37:2182-2184. [PMID: 31265359 DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/11/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Sharp
- Adam Sharp, MD, PhD, The Institute of Cancer Research; The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom; Nuria Porta, PhD; Maryou B.K. Lambros, MPhil; and Jonathan C. Welti, PhD, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Alec Paschalis, MD, The Institute of Cancer Research; The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom; Ganesh V. Raj, MD, PhD, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Stephen P. Plymate, MD, University of Washington; VA Puget Sound Health Care System Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA; and Johann S. de Bono, MD, PhD, The Institute of Cancer Research; The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nuria Porta
- Adam Sharp, MD, PhD, The Institute of Cancer Research; The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom; Nuria Porta, PhD; Maryou B.K. Lambros, MPhil; and Jonathan C. Welti, PhD, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Alec Paschalis, MD, The Institute of Cancer Research; The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom; Ganesh V. Raj, MD, PhD, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Stephen P. Plymate, MD, University of Washington; VA Puget Sound Health Care System Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA; and Johann S. de Bono, MD, PhD, The Institute of Cancer Research; The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maryou B K Lambros
- Adam Sharp, MD, PhD, The Institute of Cancer Research; The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom; Nuria Porta, PhD; Maryou B.K. Lambros, MPhil; and Jonathan C. Welti, PhD, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Alec Paschalis, MD, The Institute of Cancer Research; The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom; Ganesh V. Raj, MD, PhD, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Stephen P. Plymate, MD, University of Washington; VA Puget Sound Health Care System Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA; and Johann S. de Bono, MD, PhD, The Institute of Cancer Research; The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan C Welti
- Adam Sharp, MD, PhD, The Institute of Cancer Research; The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom; Nuria Porta, PhD; Maryou B.K. Lambros, MPhil; and Jonathan C. Welti, PhD, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Alec Paschalis, MD, The Institute of Cancer Research; The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom; Ganesh V. Raj, MD, PhD, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Stephen P. Plymate, MD, University of Washington; VA Puget Sound Health Care System Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA; and Johann S. de Bono, MD, PhD, The Institute of Cancer Research; The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alec Paschalis
- Adam Sharp, MD, PhD, The Institute of Cancer Research; The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom; Nuria Porta, PhD; Maryou B.K. Lambros, MPhil; and Jonathan C. Welti, PhD, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Alec Paschalis, MD, The Institute of Cancer Research; The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom; Ganesh V. Raj, MD, PhD, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Stephen P. Plymate, MD, University of Washington; VA Puget Sound Health Care System Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA; and Johann S. de Bono, MD, PhD, The Institute of Cancer Research; The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ganesh V Raj
- Adam Sharp, MD, PhD, The Institute of Cancer Research; The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom; Nuria Porta, PhD; Maryou B.K. Lambros, MPhil; and Jonathan C. Welti, PhD, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Alec Paschalis, MD, The Institute of Cancer Research; The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom; Ganesh V. Raj, MD, PhD, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Stephen P. Plymate, MD, University of Washington; VA Puget Sound Health Care System Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA; and Johann S. de Bono, MD, PhD, The Institute of Cancer Research; The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P Plymate
- Adam Sharp, MD, PhD, The Institute of Cancer Research; The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom; Nuria Porta, PhD; Maryou B.K. Lambros, MPhil; and Jonathan C. Welti, PhD, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Alec Paschalis, MD, The Institute of Cancer Research; The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom; Ganesh V. Raj, MD, PhD, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Stephen P. Plymate, MD, University of Washington; VA Puget Sound Health Care System Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA; and Johann S. de Bono, MD, PhD, The Institute of Cancer Research; The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johann S de Bono
- Adam Sharp, MD, PhD, The Institute of Cancer Research; The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom; Nuria Porta, PhD; Maryou B.K. Lambros, MPhil; and Jonathan C. Welti, PhD, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Alec Paschalis, MD, The Institute of Cancer Research; The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom; Ganesh V. Raj, MD, PhD, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Stephen P. Plymate, MD, University of Washington; VA Puget Sound Health Care System Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA; and Johann S. de Bono, MD, PhD, The Institute of Cancer Research; The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
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Bridgeman VL, Wan E, Foo S, Nathan MR, Welti JC, Frentzas S, Vermeulen PB, Preece N, Springer CJ, Powles T, Nathan PD, Larkin J, Gore M, Vasudev NS, Reynolds AR. Preclinical Evidence That Trametinib Enhances the Response to Antiangiogenic Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 15:172-83. [PMID: 26487278 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sunitinib and pazopanib are antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) used to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the ability of these drugs to extend progression-free and overall survival in this patient population is limited by drug resistance. It is possible that treatment outcomes in RCC patients could be improved by rationally combining TKIs with other agents. Here, we address whether inhibition of the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK1/2 pathway is a rational means to improve the response to TKIs in RCC. Using a xenograft model of RCC, we found that tumors that are resistant to sunitinib have a significantly increased angiogenic response compared with tumors that are sensitive to sunitinib in vivo. We also observed significantly increased levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 in the vasculature of resistant tumors, when compared with sensitive tumors. These data suggested that the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK1/2 pathway, an important driver of angiogenesis in endothelial cells, remains active in the vasculature of TKI-resistant tumors. Using an in vitro angiogenesis assay, we identified that the MEK inhibitor (MEKI) trametinib has potent antiangiogenic activity. We then show that, when trametinib is combined with a TKI in vivo, more effective suppression of tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis is achieved than when either drug is utilized alone. In conclusion, we provide preclinical evidence that combining a TKI, such as sunitinib or pazopanib, with a MEKI, such as trametinib, is a rational and efficacious treatment regimen for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Bridgeman
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Wan
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom. The Royal Marsden (RM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Shane Foo
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Nathan
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan C Welti
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Frentzas
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom. The Royal Marsden (RM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B Vermeulen
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom. Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals St. Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Natasha Preece
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline J Springer
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Powles
- Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Nathan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin Gore
- The Royal Marsden (RM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Naveen S Vasudev
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom. The Royal Marsden (RM), London, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew R Reynolds
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom.
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Gourlaouen M, Welti JC, Vasudev NS, Reynolds AR. Essential role for endocytosis in the growth factor-stimulated activation of ERK1/2 in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:7467-7480. [PMID: 23341459 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.446401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates angiogenesis by binding to VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) on endothelial cells (ECs). Downstream activation of the extracellular related kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) is important for angiogenesis to proceed. Receptor internalization has been implicated in VEGFR2 signaling, but its role in the activation of ERK1/2 is unclear. To explore this question we utilized pitstop and dynasore, two small molecule inhibitors of endocytosis. First, we confirmed that both inhibitors block the internalization of VEGFR2 in ECs. We then stimulated ECs with VEGF in the presence and absence of the inhibitors and examined VEGFR2 signaling to ERK1/2. Activation of VEGFR2 and C-Raf still occurred in the presence of the inhibitors, whereas the activation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 was abrogated. Therefore, although internalization is not required for activation of either VEGFR2 or C-Raf in ECs stimulated with VEGF, internalization is necessary to activate the more distal kinases in the cascade. Importantly, inhibition of internalization also prevented activation of ERK1/2 when ECs were stimulated with other pro-angiogenic growth factors, namely fibroblast growth factor 2 and hepatocyte growth factor. In contrast, the same inhibitors did not block ERK1/2 activation in fibroblasts or cancer cells stimulated with growth factors. Finally, we show that these small molecule inhibitors of endocytosis block angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, receptor internalization may be a generic requirement for pro-angiogenic growth factors to activate ERK1/2 signaling in human ECs, and targeting receptor trafficking may present a therapeutic opportunity to block tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Gourlaouen
- Tumour Biology Team, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan C Welti
- Tumour Biology Team, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Naveen S Vasudev
- Tumour Biology Team, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Reynolds
- Tumour Biology Team, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom.
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