1
|
Key HE, Torres-McGehee T, Weber SR, Sharpe R, Monsma E, McCall M. Examination Of Quality Of Life And Activities Of Daily Living After Sport Participation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000671472.75457.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
2
|
Bunn F, Goodman C, Corazzini K, Sharpe R, Handley M, Lynch J, Meyer J, Dening T, Gordon AL. Setting Priorities to Inform Assessment of Care Homes' Readiness to Participate in Healthcare Innovation: A Systematic Mapping Review and Consensus Process. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E987. [PMID: 32033293 PMCID: PMC7037621 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Organisational context is known to impact on the successful implementation of healthcare initiatives in care homes. We undertook a systematic mapping review to examine whether researchers have considered organisational context when planning, conducting, and reporting the implementation of healthcare innovations in care homes. Review data were mapped against the Alberta Context Tool, which was designed to assess organizational context in care homes. The review included 56 papers. No studies involved a systematic assessment of organisational context prior to implementation, but many provided post hoc explanations of how organisational context affected the success or otherwise of the innovation. Factors identified to explain a lack of success included poor senior staff engagement, non-alignment with care home culture, limited staff capacity to engage, and low levels of participation from health professionals such as general practitioners (GPs). Thirty-five stakeholders participated in workshops to discuss findings and develop questions for assessing care home readiness to participate in innovations. Ten questions were developed to initiate conversations between innovators and care home staff to support research and implementation. This framework can help researchers initiate discussions about health-related innovation. This will begin to address the gap between implementation theory and practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frances Bunn
- Centre for Research in Public Health and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK; (R.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Claire Goodman
- Centre for Research in Public Health and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK; (R.S.); (M.H.)
| | | | - Rachel Sharpe
- Centre for Research in Public Health and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK; (R.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Melanie Handley
- Centre for Research in Public Health and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK; (R.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Jennifer Lynch
- Centre for Research in Public Health and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK; (R.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Julienne Meyer
- Care for Older People, City, University of London, London EC1V OHB, UK;
| | - Tom Dening
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK;
| | - Adam L Gordon
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3NE, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Middleton G, Popat S, Fletcher P, Summers Y, Greystoke A, Gilligan D, Cave J, O'Rourke N, Brewster A, Toy E, Spicer J, Savage J, Sharpe R, Yap T, Swanton C, Billingham L. PL02.09 National Lung Matrix Trial (NLMT): First Results from an Umbrella Phase II Trial in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
4
|
Key HE, Torres-McGehee TM, Weber SR, Sharpe R, Monsma E, McCall M. Examination of Athletic Identity and Quality of Life Related to Sport Participation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000561369.49326.ef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
5
|
Bunn F, Lynch J, Goodman C, Sharpe R, Walshe C, Preston N, Froggatt K. Improving living and dying for people with advanced dementia living in care homes: a realist review of Namaste Care and other multisensory interventions. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:303. [PMID: 30522450 PMCID: PMC6282262 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seventy percent of people with advanced dementia live and die in care homes. Multisensory approaches, such as Namaste Care, have been developed to improve the quality of life and dying for people with advanced dementia but little is known about effectiveness or optimum delivery. The aim of this review was to develop an explanatory account of how the Namaste Care intervention might work, on what outcomes, and in what circumstances. METHODS This is a realist review involving scoping of the literature and stakeholder interviews to develop theoretical explanations of how interventions might work, systematic searches of the evidence to test and develop the theories, and their validation with a purposive sample of stakeholders. Twenty stakeholders - user/patient representatives, dementia care providers, care home staff, researchers -took part in interviews and/or workshops. RESULTS We included 85 papers. Eight focused on Namaste Care and the remainder on other types of sensory interventions such as music therapy or massage. We identified three context-mechanism-outcome configurations which together provide an explanatory account of what needs to be in place for Namaste Care to work for people living with advanced dementia. This includes: providing structured access to social and physical stimulation, equipping care home staff to cope effectively with complex behaviours and variable responses, and providing a framework for person-centred care. A key overarching theme concerned the importance of activities that enabled the development of moments of connection for people with advanced dementia. CONCLUSIONS This realist review provides a coherent account of how Namaste Care, and other multisensory interventions might work. It provides practitioners and researchers with a framework to judge the feasibility and likely success of Namaste Care in long term settings. Key for staff and residents is that the intervention triggers feelings of familiarity, reassurance, engagement and connection. STUDY REGISTRATION This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42016047512.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frances Bunn
- Centre for Research in Primary and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB UK
| | - Jennifer Lynch
- Centre for Research in Primary and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB UK
| | - Claire Goodman
- Centre for Research in Primary and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB UK
| | - Rachel Sharpe
- Centre for Research in Primary and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB UK
| | - Catherine Walshe
- International Observatory on End of Life Care, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG UK
| | - Nancy Preston
- International Observatory on End of Life Care, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG UK
| | - Katherine Froggatt
- International Observatory on End of Life Care, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Subramaniam S, Cerone M, McBride D, Rehal P, Rettino A, Bell J, Roberts H, Macdonald M, Butler R, MacMahon S, Thompson L, Middleton C, Sharpe R, Walker I, Johnson P. Use of NGS for stratification of patients with advanced NSCLC within the NHS using FFPE-extracted DNA from diagnostic biopsies. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx508.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
7
|
|
8
|
Francies H, Middleton C, Barber R, Gilbert J, Letchford L, Valentini S, Barendt W, Fitzgerald R, Underwood T, Sharpe R, Walker I, Wilson J, Stratton M, Garnett M. Towards the next-generation of cancer cell lines: Derivation of an organoid biobank. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)32759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
9
|
Loh R, Bergfeld J, Hayes D, O'hara A, Pyecroft S, Raidal S, Sharpe R. The Pathology of Devil Facial Tumor Disease (DFTD) in Tasmanian Devils (Sarcophilus harrisii). Vet Pathol 2016; 43:890-5. [PMID: 17099145 DOI: 10.1354/vp.43-6-890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A disfiguring and debilitating neoplastic condition known as devil facial tumor disease (DFTD) has been discovered in wild Tasmanian Devils ( Sarcophilus harrisii) across 51% of its natural range, with population declines of up to 80% in some areas (C. Hawkins, personal communication). Between 2001 and 2004, 91 cases were examined. The tumors presented as large, solid, soft tissue masses usually with flattened, centrally ulcerated, and exudative surfaces. They were typically multicentric, appearing first in the oral, face, or neck regions. Histologically, the tumors were composed of circumscribed to infiltrative nodular aggregates of round to spindle-shaped cells, often within a pseudocapsule and divided into lobules by delicate fibrous septae. They were locally aggressive and metastasized in 65% of cases. There was minimal cytologic differentiation among the tumor cell population under light and electron microscopic examination. The results indicate DFTD to be an undifferentiated soft tissue neoplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Loh
- Animal Health Laboratory, PO Box 46, Kings Meadows 7249, Tasmania, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Carpenter L, Nikiphorou E, Sharpe R, Norton S, Rennie K, Bunn F, Scott DL, Dixey J, Young A. Have radiographic progression rates in early rheumatoid arthritis changed? A systematic review and meta-analysis of long-term cohorts. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016; 55:1053-1065. [PMID: 26961746 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate, firstly, all published data on baseline and annual progression rates of radiographic damage from all longitudinal observational cohorts, and secondly, the association of standard clinical and laboratory parameters with long-term radiographic joint damage. METHODS A comprehensive search of the literature from 1975 to 2014, using PubMed, SCOPUS and Cochrane databases, identified a total of 28 studies that investigated long-term radiographic progression, and 41 studies investigating predictors of long-term radiographic progression. This was submitted and approved by PROSPERO in February 2014 (Registration Number: CRD42014007589). RESULTS Meta-analysis indicated an overall baseline rate of 2.02%, and a yearly increase of 1.08% of maximum damage. Stratified analysis found that baseline radiographic scores did not differ significantly between cohorts recruiting patients pre- and post-1990 (2.01% vs 2.03%; P > 0.01); however, the annual rate of progression was significantly reduced in the post-1990 cohorts (0.68% vs 1.50%; P < 0.05). High levels of acute phase markers, baseline radiographic damage, anti-CCP and RF positivity remain consistently predictive of long-term radiographic joint damage. CONCLUSION Critical changes in treatment practices over the last three decades are likely to explain the reduction in the long-term progression of structural joint damage. Acute phase markers and presence of RF/anti-CCP are strongly associated with increased radiographic progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sam Norton
- Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London
| | | | - Frances Bunn
- Centre for Research in Primary and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield
| | - David L Scott
- Department of Rheumatology, Kings College London, London
| | - Josh Dixey
- Department of Rheumatology, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton and
| | - Adam Young
- Postgraduate Medicine, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Rheumatology Department, St Albans City Hospital, St Albans, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sharpe R, Suggett J, Avvakoumova V, Schneider H, Ali R, Nagel M. 168 Combining inhalation by a breath-actuated nebulizer (BAN) and exhalation with oscillating positive expiratory pressure device (OPEP) offers potential for simultaneous therapy: A laboratory study. J Cyst Fibros 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(15)30345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Abstract
Exposure to dampness and fungi in the home is a known risk factor for individuals with allergic asthma. Inadequate heating and ventilation may lead to dampness and concomitant increased exposure to spores of allergenic fungi such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. These fungi have been cultured from sputum of asthmatic and non-asthmatic individuals, and implicated in the initiation or exacerbation of asthma. Indoor environmental factors influence the presence and concentrations of fungal propagules and, in turn, risk of asthma outcomes. This review aims to identify modifiable risk factors in the built environment that have been shown to influence fungal composition indoors, and to examine this association with the risk of asthma development and/or exacerbation. A complex interaction between residential characteristics, the built environment and the behaviour of people regulate the diversity and concentrations of indoor fungi. Modifiable factors include build age, architectural design, level of maintenance, variations in construction materials, presence of pets, heating and ventilation patterns. Risk of fungal contamination and asthma outcomes are also influenced by low occupant awareness concerning potential health effects and socio-economic factors. Addressing these factors provides an opportunity to improve future housing interventions, though it is not clear how the built environment and occupant behaviours interact to modify the diversity of indoor fungi and resultant risk of asthma. A combination of housing improvements combined with awareness programmes and the alleviation of fuel poverty can be used to lower the allergen burden associated with damp homes. Further research is needed to identify factors that regulate the concentration and diversity of indoor fungi and how this may act as a modifier for asthma outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Sharpe
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Douterelo I, Sharpe R, Boxall J. Bacterial community dynamics during the early stages of biofilm formation in a chlorinated experimental drinking water distribution system: implications for drinking water discolouration. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:286-301. [PMID: 24712449 PMCID: PMC4282425 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Aims To characterize bacterial communities during the early stages of biofilm formation and their role in water discolouration in a fully representative, chlorinated, experimental drinking water distribution systems (DWDS). Methods and Results Biofilm development was monitored in an experimental DWDS over 28 days; subsequently the system was disturbed by raising hydraulic conditions to simulate pipe burst, cleaning or other system conditions. Biofilm cell cover was monitored by fluorescent microscopy and a fingerprinting technique used to assess changes in bacterial community. Selected samples were analysed by cloning and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Fingerprinting analysis revealed significant changes in the bacterial community structure over time (P < 0·05). Cell coverage increased over time accompanied by an increase in bacterial richness and diversity. Conclusions Shifts in the bacterial community structure were observed along with an increase in cell coverage, bacterial richness and diversity. Species related to Pseudomonas spp. and Janthinobacterium spp. dominated the process of initial attachment. Based on fingerprinting results, the hydraulic regimes did not affect the bacteriological composition of biofilms, but they did influence their mechanical stability. Significance and Importance of the Study This study gives a better insight into the early stages of biofilm formation in DWDS and will contribute to the improvement of management strategies to control the formation of biofilms and the risk of discolouration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Douterelo
- Pennine Water Group, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sharpe R, Sayers R, London N, Bown M, McCarthy M, Nasim A, Davies R, Naylor A. Procedural Risk Following Carotid Endarterectomy in the Hyperacute Period after Onset of Symptoms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2013; 46:519-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
15
|
Fineberg NA, Haddad PM, Carpenter L, Gannon B, Sharpe R, Young AH, Joyce E, Rowe J, Wellsted D, Nutt DJ, Sahakian BJ. The size, burden and cost of disorders of the brain in the UK. J Psychopharmacol 2013; 27:761-70. [PMID: 23884863 PMCID: PMC3778981 DOI: 10.1177/0269881113495118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this paper is to increase awareness of the prevalence and cost of psychiatric and neurological disorders (brain disorders) in the UK. METHOD UK data for 18 brain disorders were extracted from a systematic review of European epidemiological data and prevalence rates and the costs of each disorder were summarized (2010 values). RESULTS There were approximately 45 million cases of brain disorders in the UK, with a cost of €134 billion per annum. The most prevalent were headache, anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, mood disorders and somatoform disorders. However, the five most costly disorders (€ million) were: dementia: €22,164; psychotic disorders: €16,717; mood disorders: €19,238; addiction: €11,719; anxiety disorders: €11,687. Apart from psychosis, these five disorders ranked amongst those with the lowest direct medical expenditure per subject (<€3000). The approximate breakdown of costs was: 50% indirect costs, 25% direct non-medical and 25% direct healthcare costs. DISCUSSION The prevalence and cost of UK brain disorders is likely to increase given the ageing population. Translational neurosciences research has the potential to develop more effective treatments but is underfunded. Addressing the clinical and economic challenges posed by brain disorders requires a coordinated effort at an EU and national level to transform the current scientific, healthcare and educational agenda.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi A Fineberg
- Hertfordshire Partnership NHS University Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Welwyn Garden City, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shiu KK, Wetterskog D, Mackay A, Natrajan R, Lambros M, Sims D, Bajrami I, Brough R, Frankum J, Sharpe R, Marchio C, Horlings H, Reyal F, van der Vijver M, Turner N, Reis-Filho JS, Lord CJ, Ashworth A. Integrative molecular and functional profiling of ERBB2-amplified breast cancers identifies new genetic dependencies. Oncogene 2013; 33:619-31. [PMID: 23334330 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the receptor tyrosine kinase ERBB2 (also known as HER2) occurs in around 15% of breast cancers and is driven by amplification of the ERBB2 gene. ERBB2 amplification is a marker of poor prognosis, and although anti-ERBB2-targeted therapies have shown significant clinical benefit, de novo and acquired resistance remains an important problem. Genomic profiling has demonstrated that ERBB2+ve breast cancers are distinguished from ER+ve and 'triple-negative' breast cancers by harbouring not only the ERBB2 amplification on 17q12, but also a number of co-amplified genes on 17q12 and amplification events on other chromosomes. Some of these genes may have important roles in influencing clinical outcome, and could represent genetic dependencies in ERBB2+ve cancers and therefore potential therapeutic targets. Here, we describe an integrated genomic, gene expression and functional analysis to determine whether the genes present within amplicons are critical for the survival of ERBB2+ve breast tumour cells. We show that only a fraction of the ERBB2-amplified breast tumour lines are truly addicted to the ERBB2 oncogene at the mRNA level and display a heterogeneous set of additional genetic dependencies. These include an addiction to the transcription factor gene TFAP2C when it is amplified and overexpressed, suggesting that TFAP2C represents a genetic dependency in some ERBB2+ve breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K-K Shiu
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - D Wetterskog
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - A Mackay
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R Natrajan
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - M Lambros
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - D Sims
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - I Bajrami
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R Brough
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J Frankum
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R Sharpe
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - C Marchio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - H Horlings
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Reyal
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M van der Vijver
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Turner
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J S Reis-Filho
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - C J Lord
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - A Ashworth
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Peach HF, Johnson PWM, Johnson S, Jones LK, Jones M, Sharpe R, Shaw E, Turtiainen T, Tuff A, Pernemalm A, Branca M, Petris DE, Forshed J, Lewensohn R, Besse B, Lazar V, Van den Oord J, Pawitan Y, Lehtio J, Saber M, Akel Y, Ali T, Ibrahim H, Hu XD, Dubus E, Billaud JN, Dubus E, Richards D, Flannery R, Kramer A, Lerman J, Kutchma A. Computational / bioinformatics. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
18
|
Peach H, Johnson P, Johnson S, Jones L, Jones M, Sharpe R, Shaw E, Turtiainen T, Tuff A. P4.01 Delivery of High Quality Molecular Panel Tests for 9,000 Cancer Patients Routinely Consented for Use of Molecular and Clinical Data. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)31367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
19
|
Aarts M, Sharpe R, Garcia-Murillas I, Gevensleben H, Hurd MS, Shumway SD, Toniatti C, Ashworth A, Turner NC. Forced mitotic entry of S-phase cells as a therapeutic strategy induced by inhibition of WEE1. Cancer Discov 2012; 2:524-39. [PMID: 22628408 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-11-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the protein kinase WEE1 synergizes with chemotherapy in preclinical models and WEE1 inhibitors are being explored as potential cancer therapies. Here, we investigate the mechanism that underlies this synergy. We show that WEE1 inhibition forces S-phase-arrested cells directly into mitosis without completing DNA synthesis, resulting in highly abnormal mitoses characterized by dispersed chromosomes and disorganized bipolar spindles, ultimately resulting in mitotic exit with gross micronuclei formation and apoptosis. This mechanism of cell death is shared by CHK1 inhibitors, and combined WEE1 and CHK1 inhibition forces mitotic entry from S-phase in the absence of chemotherapy. We show that p53/p21 inactivation combined with high expression of mitotic cyclins and EZH2 predispose to mitotic entry during S-phase with cells reliant on WEE1 to prevent premature cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)1 activation. These features are characteristic of aggressive breast, and other, cancers for which WEE1 inhibitor combinations represent a promising targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Aarts
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research; Breast Unit, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sharpe R, Sayers R, McCarthy M, Dennis M, London N, Nasim A, Bown M, Naylor A. The War Against Error: A 15Year Experience of Completion Angioscopy Following Carotid Endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
21
|
Sharpe R, Sayers R, McCarthy M, Dennis M, London N, Nasim A, Bown M, Naylor A. The War Against Error: A 15 Year Experience of Completion Angioscopy Following Carotid Endarterectomy. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2012; 43:139-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
22
|
Brough R, Frankum JR, Sims D, Mackay A, Mendes-Pereira AM, Bajrami I, Costa-Cabral S, Rafiq R, Ahmad AS, Cerone MA, Natrajan R, Sharpe R, Shiu KK, Wetterskog D, Dedes KJ, Lambros MB, Rawjee T, Linardopoulos S, Reis-Filho JS, Turner NC, Lord CJ, Ashworth A. Functional viability profiles of breast cancer. Cancer Discov 2011; 1:260-73. [PMID: 21984977 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-11-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The design of targeted therapeutic strategies for cancer has largely been driven by the identification of tumor-specific genetic changes. However, the large number of genetic alterations present in tumor cells means that it is difficult to discriminate between genes that are critical for maintaining the disease state and those that are merely coincidental. Even when critical genes can be identified, directly targeting these is often challenging, meaning that alternative strategies such as exploiting synthetic lethality may be beneficial. To address these issues, we have carried out a functional genetic screen in >30 commonly used models of breast cancer to identify genes critical to the growth of specific breast cancer subtypes. In particular, we describe potential new therapeutic targets for PTEN-mutated cancers and for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers. We also show that large-scale functional profiling allows the classification of breast cancers into subgroups distinct from established subtypes. SIGNIFICANCE Despite the wealth of molecular profiling data that describe breast tumors and breast tumor cell models, our understanding of the fundamental genetic dependencies in this disease is relatively poor. Using high-throughput RNA interference screening of a series of pharmacologically tractable genes, we have generated comprehensive functional viability profiles for a wide panel of commonly used breast tumor cell models. Analysis of these profiles identifies a series of novel genetic dependencies, including that of PTEN-null breast tumor cells upon mitotic checkpoint kinases, and provides a framework upon which additional dependencies and candidate therapeutic targets may be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Brough
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Warner P, Irvine S, Sharpe R, Agius R, Porter A, Farragher T. SP4-25 Population survey of semen quality in young Scottish men. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976p.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
24
|
Sharpe R, Pearson A, Herrera-Abreu MT, Johnson D, Mackay A, Welti JC, Natrajan R, Reynolds AR, Reis-Filho JS, Ashworth A, Turner NC. FGFR signaling promotes the growth of triple-negative and basal-like breast cancer cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:5275-86. [PMID: 21712446 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The oncogenic drivers of triple-negative (TN) and basal-like breast cancers are largely unknown. Substantial evidence now links aberrant signaling by the fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) to the development of multiple cancer types. Here, we examined the role of FGFR signaling in TN breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined the sensitivity of a panel of 31 breast cancer cell lines to the selective FGFR inhibitor PD173074 and investigated the potential mechanisms underlying sensitivity. RESULTS TN breast cancer cell lines were more sensitive to PD173074 than comparator cell lines (P = 0.011), with 47% (7/15) of TN cell lines showing significantly reduced growth. The majority of TN cell lines showed only modest sensitivity to FGFR inhibition in two-dimensional growth but were highly sensitive in anchorage-independent conditions. PD173074 inhibited downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase and PI3K-AKT signaling and induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Basal-like breast cancer cell lines were found to express FGF2 ligand (11/21 positive) and, similarly, 62% of basal-like breast cancers expressed FGF2, as assessed by immunohistochemistry compared with 5% of nonbasal breast cancers (P < 0.0001). RNA interference targeting of FGF2 in basal-like cell lines significantly reduced growth in vitro and reduced down stream signaling, suggesting an autocrine FGF2 signaling loop. Treatment with PD173074 significantly reduced the growth of CAL51 basal-like breast cancer cell line xenografts in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Basal-like breast cancer cell lines, and breast cancers, express autocrine FGF2 and show sensitivity to FGFR inhibitors, identifying a potential novel therapeutic approach for these cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Sharpe
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mohammed Sulaiman A, Denman N, Buchanan S, Porter N, Vijay S, Sharpe R, Graham DI, Maxwell WL. Stereology and Ultrastructure of Chronic Phase Axonal and Cell Soma Pathology in Stretch-Injured Central Nerve Fibers. J Neurotrauma 2011; 28:383-400. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2010.1707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohammed Sulaiman
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, Thomson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Nicola Denman
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, Thomson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Shaun Buchanan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, Thomson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Nicola Porter
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, Thomson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Sauparnika Vijay
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, Thomson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Rachel Sharpe
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, Thomson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - David I. Graham
- University Division of Neuropathology, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - William L. Maxwell
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, Thomson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Turner N, Sharpe R, Johnson D, Pearson A, Ashworth A. Abstract P5-02-01: FGFR Signalling Drives the Growth of Triple Negative and Basal-Like Breast Cancer Cell Lines Both In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs10-p5-02-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Substantial evidence now links aberrant signalling by the fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) to the development of multiple different cancer types. The oncogenic drivers of triple negative and basal-like breast cancers are largely unknown and we examined for a potential role of FGFR signalling in the oncogenesis of triple negative breast cancer.
Methods: We examined the sensitivity of a panel of 40 breast cancer cell lines to the selective fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor PD173074.
Results: Triple negative (TN) breast cancer cell lines were more sensitive to PD173074 than comparator cell lines (p=0.0028), with half (8/16) of TN cell lines demonstrating significantly reduced growth. The majority of TN cell lines demonstrated only modest sensitivity to FGFR inhibition in two-dimensional growth, but were highly sensitive in anchorage independent conditions. PD173074 inhibited down stream MAPK signalling and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Basal-like breast cancer cell lines were found to express autocrine FGF2 ligand, and RNA interference targeting of FGF2 significantly reduced anchorage independent growth. Finally, PD173074 significantly reduced the growth of basal-like breast cancer cell line xenografts.
Conclusion: Basal-like breast cancer cell lines express autocrine FGF2 and demonstrate substantial sensitivity to FGFR inhibitors, identifying a potential novel therapeutic approach for these cancers.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-02-01.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Turner
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Sharpe
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Johnson
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Pearson
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - A. Ashworth
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sharpe R, Torres-McGehee TM, Monsma EV, Minton DM, Searson JR. Clothing-based And Proxy-based Body Image Among Female Adolescent Athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000385397.76516.6d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
28
|
Turner N, Pearson A, Sharpe R, Lambros M, Geyer F, Lopez-Garcia MA, Natrajan R, Marchio C, Iorns E, Mackay A, Gillett C, Grigoriadis A, Tutt A, Reis-Filho JS, Ashworth A. FGFR1 amplification drives endocrine therapy resistance and is a therapeutic target in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2010; 70:2085-94. [PMID: 20179196 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amplification of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) occurs in approximately 10% of breast cancers and is associated with poor prognosis. However, it is uncertain whether overexpression of FGFR1 is causally linked to the poor prognosis of amplified cancers. Here, we show that FGFR1 overexpression is robustly associated with FGFR1 amplification in two independent series of breast cancers. Breast cancer cell lines with FGFR1 overexpression and amplification show enhanced ligand-dependent signaling, with increased activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT signaling pathways in response to FGF2, but also show basal ligand-independent signaling, and are dependent on FGFR signaling for anchorage-independent growth. FGFR1-amplified cell lines show resistance to 4-hydroxytamoxifen, which is reversed by small interfering RNA silencing of FGFR1, suggesting that FGFR1 overexpression also promotes endocrine therapy resistance. FGFR1 signaling suppresses progesterone receptor (PR) expression in vitro, and likewise, amplified cancers are frequently PR negative, identifying a potential biomarker for FGFR1 activity. Furthermore, we show that amplified cancers have a high proliferative rate assessed by Ki67 staining and that FGFR1 amplification is found in 16% to 27% of luminal B-type breast cancers. Our data suggest that amplification and overexpression of FGFR1 may be a major contributor to poor prognosis in luminal-type breast cancers, driving anchorage-independent proliferation and endocrine therapy resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Turner
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pavlova E, Madzharova M, Atanassova N, Sharpe R. Quantification of Rat Spermatogenesis in Late Puberty after Neonatal Hormonal Manipulation. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2010.10817854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
30
|
Turner N, Turner N, Lambros M, Horlings H, Horlings H, Pearson A, Sharpe R, Mackay A, Natrajan R, Geyer F, van Kouwenhove M, Kreike B, Ashworth A, van de Vijver M, van de Vijver M, Reis-Filho J. Integrative Molecular Profiling of Triple Negative Breast Cancers Identifies Potential Therapeutic Targets Including Amplifications of FGFR2. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-3147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a relatively poor prognosis emphasising the need to identify new subtype specific target therapies. Based on the concept of oncogene addiction, we searched for potential therapeutic targets by identifying genes consistently over-expressed when amplified in TNBC. Fifty six TNBCs were subjected to high resolution tiling path microarray-based comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH); out of these cases, 24 were also subjected to genome-wide microarray-based mRNA expression analysis. TNBCs showed a high level of genetic instability, with recurrent regions of amplification (>4 copies) included multiple regions on 1q and 8q, 3q25, 10p14, 10q26, 13q34, 15q26 and 19q12-19q13. Integration of aCGH and expression data revealed 38 genes that were significantly overexpressed when amplified. This list includes known oncogenes and potential therapeutic targets, such as MCL1 (1q21.2), FGFR2 (10q26.3), BUB3 (10q26.3), RAB20 (13q34), PKN1 (19p13.12), and NOTCH3 (19p13.12). To validate FGFR2 as a therapeutic target, we screened a panel of cell lines, by western blotting and aCGH, and identified two TNBC cell lines with FGFR2 amplification. In these cell lines FGFR2 was constitutively active in a ligand independent manner, and RNA interference-mediated silencing of FGFR2 selectively decreased survival of cell lines harbouring FGFR2 amplification. Likewise FGFR2 amplified cell lines were highly sensitive to FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor PD173074 (IC50 <20nM). Treatment with PD173074 induced apoptosis in amplified cell lines, as did treatment with PI3 kinase inhibitors LY294002 and BEZ-235 suggesting that apoptosis resulted from inhibition of AKT signalling. Examination of publically available CGH data sets confirmed FGFR2 amplification in 4% (5/124 95%CI 1.3-9.2%) of TNBC, with no cases of FGFR2 amplification in other subtypes (0/150, p=0.02). Our results suggest that FGFR2 amplification is a therapeutic target in a small subset of TNBCs.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3147.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Turner
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom
| | - N. Turner
- 2Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - M. Lambros
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom
| | | | - H. Horlings
- 4The Netherlands Cancer Institute, The Netherlands
| | - A. Pearson
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom
| | - R. Sharpe
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom
| | - A. Mackay
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom
| | - R. Natrajan
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom
| | - F. Geyer
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom
| | | | - B. Kreike
- 4The Netherlands Cancer Institute, The Netherlands
| | - A. Ashworth
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hudson D, Kenner GW, Sharpe R, Szelke M. Methionine enkephalin and isosteric analogues. I. Synthesis on a phenolic resin support. Int J Pept Protein Res 2009; 14:177-85. [PMID: 521205 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1979.tb01923.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of methionine enkephalin using a phenolic resin support is described. Analogues modified at their C-termini, such as peptide acids, amides, methyl esters and compounds formed by their reduction, were prepared conveniently from common peptide phenyl ester resins. The resin was used in the synthesis of complex isosterically modified analogues designed to investigate the role of peptide backbone plays in receptor interaction. Free hexapeptide phenyl ester resins underwent intramolecular aminolysis liberating the corresponding cyclic peptides.
Collapse
|
32
|
Madzharova M, Pavloval E, Atanassova N, Sharpe R. Impact of Environmental Endocrine Disruptors on Spermatogenesis in Rat Experimental Model. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2009.10818426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
33
|
Maloy K, Sharpe R, Sharpe M, Place R. 108: Radiographic Imaging of Minor Pediatric Head Trauma Between General and Pediatric Emergency Physicians. Ann Emerg Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
34
|
Verhoeven G, Denolet E, Swinnen J, Willems A, Claessens F, Saunders P, Sharpe R, Gendt K. Contribution of Recent Transgenic Models and Transcriptional Profiling Studies to Our Understanding of the Mechanisms by which Androgens Control Spermatogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.2174/187152208783790750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
35
|
Sandford RM, Bown MJ, Fishwick G, Murphy F, Naylor M, Sensier Y, Sharpe R, Walker J, Hartshorn T, London NJ, Sayers RD. Duplex Ultrasound Scanning is Reliable in the Detection of Endoleak Following Endovascular Aneurysm Repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2006; 32:537-41. [PMID: 16875850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2006.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the value of duplex ultrasound scanning (DUSS) in the routine follow up of patients following EVAR. METHODS Imaging was reviewed for 310 consecutive patients undergoing EVAR at a single centre. Concurrent ultrasound and CT scans were defined as having occurred within 6 months of each other. There were 244 paired concurrent DUSS and CT scans which were used for further analysis. These modalities were compared with respect to sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and level of agreement (by Kappa statistics) using CT as the 'gold standard'. RESULTS DUSS failed to detect a number of endoleaks which were seen on CT and the sensitivity of this test was therefore poor (67%). However, the specificity of DUSS compared more favourably with a value of 91%. Positive predictive values ranged from 33-100% but negative predictive values were more reliable with values of 91-100% at all time points post operatively. There were no type I leaks, or endoleaks requiring intervention which were missed on DUSS. Overall, there was a 'fair' level of agreement between the two imaging modalities using Kappa statistics. CONCLUSION Although DUSS is not as sensitive as CT scanning in the detection of endoleak, no leaks requiring intervention were missed on DUSS in this study. DUSS is much cheaper than CT and avoids high doses of radiation. DUSS therefore remains a valuable method of follow up after EVAR and can reduce the need for repeated CT scans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Sandford
- Vascular Surgery Group, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Level 2 RKCSB, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sandford R, Bown M, Fishwick G, Murphy F, Naylor M, Sensier Y, Sharpe R, Walker J, Hartshorn T, London N, Sayers R. Duplex Ultrasound Scanning is Reliable in the Detection of Endoleak Following Endovascular Aneurysm Repair. J Vasc Surg 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2006.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
37
|
Brown SI, Frank TG, Cuschieri A, Sharpe R, Cartwright C. Optimization of the projection screen in a display system for minimal access surgery. Surg Endosc 2003; 17:1251-5. [PMID: 12739121 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-002-8730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2002] [Accepted: 12/05/2002] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The operative image for minimal access surgery currently is displayed on a monitor located outside the sterile field. It is ergonomically advantageous to locate the image adjacent to the surgeon's hands by projection onto a sterile screen, but there has been no research into the optimal screen material. METHODS Several screen materials were compared for image resolution, brightness, variation of brightness with viewing angle, and image artifact. RESULTS Glossy materials perform poorly, whereas finely grained surfaces improve image clarity. Excessive roughness and incomplete opacity limit the image resolution. Conventional screen fabrics are unsuitable in this application. Ambient lighting and projector brightness affect image contrast, but a correct choice of material can address this. Practical issues such as moisture absorbency and ease of sterilization are considered. CONCLUSIONS Potential screen materials were rejected because of excessive glare, poor resolution, and image artifact. Finely textured surfaces (e.g., polystyrene sheeting) provide an acceptable screen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S I Brown
- Department of Surgery and Molecular Oncology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Neutropenic enterocolitis is a necrotizing inflammatory process with intramural infection that occurs predominantly in neutropenic patients. This syndrome is most frequently observed after chemotherapy for hematologic and solid tissue malignancies, but it can also be observed in a number of other clinical settings as well. Neutropenic enterocolitis can be a rare presenting complication of acute leukemia. We report a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia that presented with abdominal pain due to neutropenic enterocolitis. The diagnostic and treatment challenges associated with this manner of presentation are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Quigley
- Laboratory Department, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, California 92134-1005, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pritchard G, Ainsworth H, Sharpe R. Ionophore toxicity in turkeys. Vet Rec 2001; 148:123. [PMID: 11232933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
|
40
|
Affiliation(s)
- P Rhee
- Department of Surgery, Washington Hospital Center, DC, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sharpe R, Kenter K, Griffiths H. Radiologic case study. Apocrine adenocarcinoma. Orthopedics 1998; 21:1235, 1232-3. [PMID: 9845457 DOI: 10.3928/0147-7447-19981101-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Sharpe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Toppari J, Larsen JC, Christiansen P, Giwercman A, Grandjean P, Guillette LJ, Jégou B, Jensen TK, Jouannet P, Keiding N, Leffers H, McLachlan JA, Meyer O, Müller J, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Scheike T, Sharpe R, Sumpter J, Skakkebaek NE. Male reproductive health and environmental xenoestrogens. Environ Health Perspect 1996; 104 Suppl 4:741-803. [PMID: 8880001 DOI: 10.2307/3432709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Male reproductive health has deteriorated in many countries during the last few decades. In the 1990s, declining semen quality has been reported from Belgium, Denmark, France, and Great Britain. The incidence of testicular cancer has increased during the same time incidences of hypospadias and cryptorchidism also appear to be increasing. Similar reproductive problems occur in many wildlife species. There are marked geographic differences in the prevalence of male reproductive disorders. While the reasons for these differences are currently unknown, both clinical and laboratory research suggest that the adverse changes may be inter-related and have a common origin in fetal life or childhood. Exposure of the male fetus to supranormal levels of estrogens, such as diethlylstilbestrol, can result in the above-mentioned reproductive defects. The growing number of reports demonstrating that common environmental contaminants and natural factors possess estrogenic activity presents the working hypothesis that the adverse trends in male reproductive health may be, at least in part, associated with exposure to estrogenic or other hormonally active (e.g., antiandrogenic) environmental chemicals during fetal and childhood development. An extensive research program is needed to understand the extent of the problem, its underlying etiology, and the development of a strategy for prevention and intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Toppari
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Juliane Marie Center, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Toppari J, Larsen JC, Christiansen P, Giwercman A, Grandjean P, Guillette LJ, Jégou B, Jensen TK, Jouannet P, Keiding N, Leffers H, McLachlan JA, Meyer O, Müller J, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Scheike T, Sharpe R, Sumpter J, Skakkebaek NE. Male reproductive health and environmental xenoestrogens. Environ Health Perspect 1996; 104 Suppl 4:741-803. [PMID: 8880001 PMCID: PMC1469672 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.96104s4741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 675] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Male reproductive health has deteriorated in many countries during the last few decades. In the 1990s, declining semen quality has been reported from Belgium, Denmark, France, and Great Britain. The incidence of testicular cancer has increased during the same time incidences of hypospadias and cryptorchidism also appear to be increasing. Similar reproductive problems occur in many wildlife species. There are marked geographic differences in the prevalence of male reproductive disorders. While the reasons for these differences are currently unknown, both clinical and laboratory research suggest that the adverse changes may be inter-related and have a common origin in fetal life or childhood. Exposure of the male fetus to supranormal levels of estrogens, such as diethlylstilbestrol, can result in the above-mentioned reproductive defects. The growing number of reports demonstrating that common environmental contaminants and natural factors possess estrogenic activity presents the working hypothesis that the adverse trends in male reproductive health may be, at least in part, associated with exposure to estrogenic or other hormonally active (e.g., antiandrogenic) environmental chemicals during fetal and childhood development. An extensive research program is needed to understand the extent of the problem, its underlying etiology, and the development of a strategy for prevention and intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Toppari
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Juliane Marie Center, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zirkin BR, Awoniyi C, Griswold MD, Russell LD, Sharpe R. Is FSH required for adult spermatogenesis? J Androl 1994; 15:273-276. [PMID: 7982794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B R Zirkin
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
|
47
|
|
48
|
Nashold BS, Ovelmen-Levitt J, Sharpe R, Higgins AC. Intraoperative evoked potentials recorded in man directly from dorsal roots and spinal cord. J Neurosurg 1985; 62:680-93. [PMID: 3989591 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1985.62.5.0680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Direct spinal cord surface recordings of evoked spinal cord potentials have been made in 26 patients during neurosurgical procedures for intractable pain. Monopolar recordings at the dorsal root entry zone after peripheral nerve stimulation have been made at multiple levels for segmental localization and to monitor the state of the afferent path and dorsal horn. Dorsal root and dorsal column conduction has been tested on diseased and intact sides. Normal afferent conduction velocity was found to have an overall mean of 61.33 m/sec for cervicothoracic and lumbosacral peripheral nerves, and 50 m/sec for the dorsal columns. The normal mean amplitude for the slow negative wave (N1) recorded at the root entry was 52.54 muV, while that for the dorsal column conducted response recorded within 4 cm of the stimulus point on the dorsal columns was 347.5 muV. Several different placements of stimulating and recording electrodes are described, as well as their application. An interpretation of the resulting data is proposed.
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The use of animals in research and testing is an issue of increasing public concern, with many people convinced that it is unjust to expose any sentient and unconsenting individual to suffering, or risk of suffering, when the only potential benefit would be to others. Such ethical considerations make the introduction of alternative forms of research and testing an urgent priority. In the case of the Draize eye irritancy test, however, scientific considerations superimpose ethical motivations for change, because the procedure is also unsatisfactory on scientific grounds. After concerted pressure from animal welfare groups throughout the world, several laboratories are now investigating humane and more scientific replacements for this test, with encouraging results. Some of the techniques being used have long been available, even before the introduction of the Draize test itself in 1944. This shows what could be achieved today, in other areas of animal testing, assuming the necessary imagination, motivation and resources. Focusing the scientific mind on alternative methodologies is expected not only to benefit science and the animals, but to protect the public more reliably as well.
Collapse
|
50
|
|