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Middleton G, Popat S, Fletcher P, Summers Y, Greystoke A, Gilligan D, Cave J, O'Rourke N, Brewster A, Toy E, Spicer J, Savage J, Sharpe R, Yap T, Swanton C, Billingham L. PL02.09 National Lung Matrix Trial (NLMT): First Results from an Umbrella Phase II Trial in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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2
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Subramaniam S, Cerone M, McBride D, Rehal P, Rettino A, Bell J, Roberts H, Macdonald M, Butler R, MacMahon S, Thompson L, Middleton C, Sharpe R, Walker I, Johnson P. Use of NGS for stratification of patients with advanced NSCLC within the NHS using FFPE-extracted DNA from diagnostic biopsies. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx508.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Francies H, Middleton C, Barber R, Gilbert J, Letchford L, Valentini S, Barendt W, Fitzgerald R, Underwood T, Sharpe R, Walker I, Wilson J, Stratton M, Garnett M. Towards the next-generation of cancer cell lines: Derivation of an organoid biobank. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)32759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Loh R, Bergfeld J, Hayes D, O'hara A, Pyecroft S, Raidal S, Sharpe R. The Pathology of Devil Facial Tumor Disease (DFTD) in Tasmanian Devils (Sarcophilus harrisii). Vet Pathol 2016; 43:890-5. [PMID: 17099145 DOI: 10.1354/vp.43-6-890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A disfiguring and debilitating neoplastic condition known as devil facial tumor disease (DFTD) has been discovered in wild Tasmanian Devils ( Sarcophilus harrisii) across 51% of its natural range, with population declines of up to 80% in some areas (C. Hawkins, personal communication). Between 2001 and 2004, 91 cases were examined. The tumors presented as large, solid, soft tissue masses usually with flattened, centrally ulcerated, and exudative surfaces. They were typically multicentric, appearing first in the oral, face, or neck regions. Histologically, the tumors were composed of circumscribed to infiltrative nodular aggregates of round to spindle-shaped cells, often within a pseudocapsule and divided into lobules by delicate fibrous septae. They were locally aggressive and metastasized in 65% of cases. There was minimal cytologic differentiation among the tumor cell population under light and electron microscopic examination. The results indicate DFTD to be an undifferentiated soft tissue neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Loh
- Animal Health Laboratory, PO Box 46, Kings Meadows 7249, Tasmania, Australia.
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Sharpe R, Suggett J, Avvakoumova V, Schneider H, Ali R, Nagel M. 168 Combining inhalation by a breath-actuated nebulizer (BAN) and exhalation with oscillating positive expiratory pressure device (OPEP) offers potential for simultaneous therapy: A laboratory study. J Cyst Fibros 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(15)30345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Exposure to dampness and fungi in the home is a known risk factor for individuals with allergic asthma. Inadequate heating and ventilation may lead to dampness and concomitant increased exposure to spores of allergenic fungi such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. These fungi have been cultured from sputum of asthmatic and non-asthmatic individuals, and implicated in the initiation or exacerbation of asthma. Indoor environmental factors influence the presence and concentrations of fungal propagules and, in turn, risk of asthma outcomes. This review aims to identify modifiable risk factors in the built environment that have been shown to influence fungal composition indoors, and to examine this association with the risk of asthma development and/or exacerbation. A complex interaction between residential characteristics, the built environment and the behaviour of people regulate the diversity and concentrations of indoor fungi. Modifiable factors include build age, architectural design, level of maintenance, variations in construction materials, presence of pets, heating and ventilation patterns. Risk of fungal contamination and asthma outcomes are also influenced by low occupant awareness concerning potential health effects and socio-economic factors. Addressing these factors provides an opportunity to improve future housing interventions, though it is not clear how the built environment and occupant behaviours interact to modify the diversity of indoor fungi and resultant risk of asthma. A combination of housing improvements combined with awareness programmes and the alleviation of fuel poverty can be used to lower the allergen burden associated with damp homes. Further research is needed to identify factors that regulate the concentration and diversity of indoor fungi and how this may act as a modifier for asthma outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sharpe
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, UK
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Douterelo I, Sharpe R, Boxall J. Bacterial community dynamics during the early stages of biofilm formation in a chlorinated experimental drinking water distribution system: implications for drinking water discolouration. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:286-301. [PMID: 24712449 PMCID: PMC4282425 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Aims To characterize bacterial communities during the early stages of biofilm formation and their role in water discolouration in a fully representative, chlorinated, experimental drinking water distribution systems (DWDS). Methods and Results Biofilm development was monitored in an experimental DWDS over 28 days; subsequently the system was disturbed by raising hydraulic conditions to simulate pipe burst, cleaning or other system conditions. Biofilm cell cover was monitored by fluorescent microscopy and a fingerprinting technique used to assess changes in bacterial community. Selected samples were analysed by cloning and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Fingerprinting analysis revealed significant changes in the bacterial community structure over time (P < 0·05). Cell coverage increased over time accompanied by an increase in bacterial richness and diversity. Conclusions Shifts in the bacterial community structure were observed along with an increase in cell coverage, bacterial richness and diversity. Species related to Pseudomonas spp. and Janthinobacterium spp. dominated the process of initial attachment. Based on fingerprinting results, the hydraulic regimes did not affect the bacteriological composition of biofilms, but they did influence their mechanical stability. Significance and Importance of the Study This study gives a better insight into the early stages of biofilm formation in DWDS and will contribute to the improvement of management strategies to control the formation of biofilms and the risk of discolouration.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Douterelo
- Pennine Water Group, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Sharpe R, Sayers R, London N, Bown M, McCarthy M, Nasim A, Davies R, Naylor A. Procedural Risk Following Carotid Endarterectomy in the Hyperacute Period after Onset of Symptoms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2013; 46:519-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Shiu KK, Wetterskog D, Mackay A, Natrajan R, Lambros M, Sims D, Bajrami I, Brough R, Frankum J, Sharpe R, Marchio C, Horlings H, Reyal F, van der Vijver M, Turner N, Reis-Filho JS, Lord CJ, Ashworth A. Integrative molecular and functional profiling of ERBB2-amplified breast cancers identifies new genetic dependencies. Oncogene 2013; 33:619-31. [PMID: 23334330 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the receptor tyrosine kinase ERBB2 (also known as HER2) occurs in around 15% of breast cancers and is driven by amplification of the ERBB2 gene. ERBB2 amplification is a marker of poor prognosis, and although anti-ERBB2-targeted therapies have shown significant clinical benefit, de novo and acquired resistance remains an important problem. Genomic profiling has demonstrated that ERBB2+ve breast cancers are distinguished from ER+ve and 'triple-negative' breast cancers by harbouring not only the ERBB2 amplification on 17q12, but also a number of co-amplified genes on 17q12 and amplification events on other chromosomes. Some of these genes may have important roles in influencing clinical outcome, and could represent genetic dependencies in ERBB2+ve cancers and therefore potential therapeutic targets. Here, we describe an integrated genomic, gene expression and functional analysis to determine whether the genes present within amplicons are critical for the survival of ERBB2+ve breast tumour cells. We show that only a fraction of the ERBB2-amplified breast tumour lines are truly addicted to the ERBB2 oncogene at the mRNA level and display a heterogeneous set of additional genetic dependencies. These include an addiction to the transcription factor gene TFAP2C when it is amplified and overexpressed, suggesting that TFAP2C represents a genetic dependency in some ERBB2+ve breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-K Shiu
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - D Wetterskog
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - A Mackay
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R Natrajan
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - M Lambros
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - D Sims
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - I Bajrami
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R Brough
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J Frankum
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R Sharpe
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - C Marchio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - H Horlings
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Reyal
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M van der Vijver
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Turner
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J S Reis-Filho
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - C J Lord
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - A Ashworth
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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11
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Peach HF, Johnson PWM, Johnson S, Jones LK, Jones M, Sharpe R, Shaw E, Turtiainen T, Tuff A, Pernemalm A, Branca M, Petris DE, Forshed J, Lewensohn R, Besse B, Lazar V, Van den Oord J, Pawitan Y, Lehtio J, Saber M, Akel Y, Ali T, Ibrahim H, Hu XD, Dubus E, Billaud JN, Dubus E, Richards D, Flannery R, Kramer A, Lerman J, Kutchma A. Computational / bioinformatics. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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12
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Peach H, Johnson P, Johnson S, Jones L, Jones M, Sharpe R, Shaw E, Turtiainen T, Tuff A. P4.01 Delivery of High Quality Molecular Panel Tests for 9,000 Cancer Patients Routinely Consented for Use of Molecular and Clinical Data. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)31367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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13
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Sharpe R, Sayers R, McCarthy M, Dennis M, London N, Nasim A, Bown M, Naylor A. The War Against Error: A 15Year Experience of Completion Angioscopy Following Carotid Endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Sharpe R, Sayers R, McCarthy M, Dennis M, London N, Nasim A, Bown M, Naylor A. The War Against Error: A 15 Year Experience of Completion Angioscopy Following Carotid Endarterectomy. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2012; 43:139-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Warner P, Irvine S, Sharpe R, Agius R, Porter A, Farragher T. SP4-25 Population survey of semen quality in young Scottish men. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976p.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Turner N, Sharpe R, Johnson D, Pearson A, Ashworth A. Abstract P5-02-01: FGFR Signalling Drives the Growth of Triple Negative and Basal-Like Breast Cancer Cell Lines Both In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs10-p5-02-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Substantial evidence now links aberrant signalling by the fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) to the development of multiple different cancer types. The oncogenic drivers of triple negative and basal-like breast cancers are largely unknown and we examined for a potential role of FGFR signalling in the oncogenesis of triple negative breast cancer.
Methods: We examined the sensitivity of a panel of 40 breast cancer cell lines to the selective fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor PD173074.
Results: Triple negative (TN) breast cancer cell lines were more sensitive to PD173074 than comparator cell lines (p=0.0028), with half (8/16) of TN cell lines demonstrating significantly reduced growth. The majority of TN cell lines demonstrated only modest sensitivity to FGFR inhibition in two-dimensional growth, but were highly sensitive in anchorage independent conditions. PD173074 inhibited down stream MAPK signalling and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Basal-like breast cancer cell lines were found to express autocrine FGF2 ligand, and RNA interference targeting of FGF2 significantly reduced anchorage independent growth. Finally, PD173074 significantly reduced the growth of basal-like breast cancer cell line xenografts.
Conclusion: Basal-like breast cancer cell lines express autocrine FGF2 and demonstrate substantial sensitivity to FGFR inhibitors, identifying a potential novel therapeutic approach for these cancers.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-02-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Turner
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Sharpe
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Johnson
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Pearson
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - A. Ashworth
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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Pavlova E, Madzharova M, Atanassova N, Sharpe R. Quantification of Rat Spermatogenesis in Late Puberty after Neonatal Hormonal Manipulation. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2010.10817854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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18
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Turner N, Turner N, Lambros M, Horlings H, Horlings H, Pearson A, Sharpe R, Mackay A, Natrajan R, Geyer F, van Kouwenhove M, Kreike B, Ashworth A, van de Vijver M, van de Vijver M, Reis-Filho J. Integrative Molecular Profiling of Triple Negative Breast Cancers Identifies Potential Therapeutic Targets Including Amplifications of FGFR2. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-3147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a relatively poor prognosis emphasising the need to identify new subtype specific target therapies. Based on the concept of oncogene addiction, we searched for potential therapeutic targets by identifying genes consistently over-expressed when amplified in TNBC. Fifty six TNBCs were subjected to high resolution tiling path microarray-based comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH); out of these cases, 24 were also subjected to genome-wide microarray-based mRNA expression analysis. TNBCs showed a high level of genetic instability, with recurrent regions of amplification (>4 copies) included multiple regions on 1q and 8q, 3q25, 10p14, 10q26, 13q34, 15q26 and 19q12-19q13. Integration of aCGH and expression data revealed 38 genes that were significantly overexpressed when amplified. This list includes known oncogenes and potential therapeutic targets, such as MCL1 (1q21.2), FGFR2 (10q26.3), BUB3 (10q26.3), RAB20 (13q34), PKN1 (19p13.12), and NOTCH3 (19p13.12). To validate FGFR2 as a therapeutic target, we screened a panel of cell lines, by western blotting and aCGH, and identified two TNBC cell lines with FGFR2 amplification. In these cell lines FGFR2 was constitutively active in a ligand independent manner, and RNA interference-mediated silencing of FGFR2 selectively decreased survival of cell lines harbouring FGFR2 amplification. Likewise FGFR2 amplified cell lines were highly sensitive to FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor PD173074 (IC50 <20nM). Treatment with PD173074 induced apoptosis in amplified cell lines, as did treatment with PI3 kinase inhibitors LY294002 and BEZ-235 suggesting that apoptosis resulted from inhibition of AKT signalling. Examination of publically available CGH data sets confirmed FGFR2 amplification in 4% (5/124 95%CI 1.3-9.2%) of TNBC, with no cases of FGFR2 amplification in other subtypes (0/150, p=0.02). Our results suggest that FGFR2 amplification is a therapeutic target in a small subset of TNBCs.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3147.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Turner
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom
| | - N. Turner
- 2Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - M. Lambros
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom
| | | | - H. Horlings
- 4The Netherlands Cancer Institute, The Netherlands
| | - A. Pearson
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom
| | - R. Sharpe
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom
| | - A. Mackay
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom
| | - R. Natrajan
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom
| | - F. Geyer
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom
| | | | - B. Kreike
- 4The Netherlands Cancer Institute, The Netherlands
| | - A. Ashworth
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom
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19
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Hudson D, Kenner GW, Sharpe R, Szelke M. Methionine enkephalin and isosteric analogues. I. Synthesis on a phenolic resin support. Int J Pept Protein Res 2009; 14:177-85. [PMID: 521205 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1979.tb01923.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of methionine enkephalin using a phenolic resin support is described. Analogues modified at their C-termini, such as peptide acids, amides, methyl esters and compounds formed by their reduction, were prepared conveniently from common peptide phenyl ester resins. The resin was used in the synthesis of complex isosterically modified analogues designed to investigate the role of peptide backbone plays in receptor interaction. Free hexapeptide phenyl ester resins underwent intramolecular aminolysis liberating the corresponding cyclic peptides.
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20
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Madzharova M, Pavloval E, Atanassova N, Sharpe R. Impact of Environmental Endocrine Disruptors on Spermatogenesis in Rat Experimental Model. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2009.10818426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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21
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Maloy K, Sharpe R, Sharpe M, Place R. 108: Radiographic Imaging of Minor Pediatric Head Trauma Between General and Pediatric Emergency Physicians. Ann Emerg Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Verhoeven G, Denolet E, Swinnen J, Willems A, Claessens F, Saunders P, Sharpe R, Gendt K. Contribution of Recent Transgenic Models and Transcriptional Profiling Studies to Our Understanding of the Mechanisms by which Androgens Control Spermatogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.2174/187152208783790750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Sandford RM, Bown MJ, Fishwick G, Murphy F, Naylor M, Sensier Y, Sharpe R, Walker J, Hartshorn T, London NJ, Sayers RD. Duplex Ultrasound Scanning is Reliable in the Detection of Endoleak Following Endovascular Aneurysm Repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2006; 32:537-41. [PMID: 16875850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2006.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the value of duplex ultrasound scanning (DUSS) in the routine follow up of patients following EVAR. METHODS Imaging was reviewed for 310 consecutive patients undergoing EVAR at a single centre. Concurrent ultrasound and CT scans were defined as having occurred within 6 months of each other. There were 244 paired concurrent DUSS and CT scans which were used for further analysis. These modalities were compared with respect to sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and level of agreement (by Kappa statistics) using CT as the 'gold standard'. RESULTS DUSS failed to detect a number of endoleaks which were seen on CT and the sensitivity of this test was therefore poor (67%). However, the specificity of DUSS compared more favourably with a value of 91%. Positive predictive values ranged from 33-100% but negative predictive values were more reliable with values of 91-100% at all time points post operatively. There were no type I leaks, or endoleaks requiring intervention which were missed on DUSS. Overall, there was a 'fair' level of agreement between the two imaging modalities using Kappa statistics. CONCLUSION Although DUSS is not as sensitive as CT scanning in the detection of endoleak, no leaks requiring intervention were missed on DUSS in this study. DUSS is much cheaper than CT and avoids high doses of radiation. DUSS therefore remains a valuable method of follow up after EVAR and can reduce the need for repeated CT scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Sandford
- Vascular Surgery Group, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Level 2 RKCSB, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, United Kingdom.
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24
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Sandford R, Bown M, Fishwick G, Murphy F, Naylor M, Sensier Y, Sharpe R, Walker J, Hartshorn T, London N, Sayers R. Duplex Ultrasound Scanning is Reliable in the Detection of Endoleak Following Endovascular Aneurysm Repair. J Vasc Surg 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2006.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Brown SI, Frank TG, Cuschieri A, Sharpe R, Cartwright C. Optimization of the projection screen in a display system for minimal access surgery. Surg Endosc 2003; 17:1251-5. [PMID: 12739121 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-002-8730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2002] [Accepted: 12/05/2002] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The operative image for minimal access surgery currently is displayed on a monitor located outside the sterile field. It is ergonomically advantageous to locate the image adjacent to the surgeon's hands by projection onto a sterile screen, but there has been no research into the optimal screen material. METHODS Several screen materials were compared for image resolution, brightness, variation of brightness with viewing angle, and image artifact. RESULTS Glossy materials perform poorly, whereas finely grained surfaces improve image clarity. Excessive roughness and incomplete opacity limit the image resolution. Conventional screen fabrics are unsuitable in this application. Ambient lighting and projector brightness affect image contrast, but a correct choice of material can address this. Practical issues such as moisture absorbency and ease of sterilization are considered. CONCLUSIONS Potential screen materials were rejected because of excessive glare, poor resolution, and image artifact. Finely textured surfaces (e.g., polystyrene sheeting) provide an acceptable screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Brown
- Department of Surgery and Molecular Oncology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
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Abstract
Neutropenic enterocolitis is a necrotizing inflammatory process with intramural infection that occurs predominantly in neutropenic patients. This syndrome is most frequently observed after chemotherapy for hematologic and solid tissue malignancies, but it can also be observed in a number of other clinical settings as well. Neutropenic enterocolitis can be a rare presenting complication of acute leukemia. We report a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia that presented with abdominal pain due to neutropenic enterocolitis. The diagnostic and treatment challenges associated with this manner of presentation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Quigley
- Laboratory Department, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, California 92134-1005, USA.
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Pritchard G, Ainsworth H, Sharpe R. Ionophore toxicity in turkeys. Vet Rec 2001; 148:123. [PMID: 11232933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rhee
- Department of Surgery, Washington Hospital Center, DC, USA.
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Sharpe R, Kenter K, Griffiths H. Radiologic case study. Apocrine adenocarcinoma. Orthopedics 1998; 21:1235, 1232-3. [PMID: 9845457 DOI: 10.3928/0147-7447-19981101-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Sharpe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, USA
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Toppari J, Larsen JC, Christiansen P, Giwercman A, Grandjean P, Guillette LJ, Jégou B, Jensen TK, Jouannet P, Keiding N, Leffers H, McLachlan JA, Meyer O, Müller J, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Scheike T, Sharpe R, Sumpter J, Skakkebaek NE. Male reproductive health and environmental xenoestrogens. Environ Health Perspect 1996; 104 Suppl 4:741-803. [PMID: 8880001 DOI: 10.2307/3432709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Male reproductive health has deteriorated in many countries during the last few decades. In the 1990s, declining semen quality has been reported from Belgium, Denmark, France, and Great Britain. The incidence of testicular cancer has increased during the same time incidences of hypospadias and cryptorchidism also appear to be increasing. Similar reproductive problems occur in many wildlife species. There are marked geographic differences in the prevalence of male reproductive disorders. While the reasons for these differences are currently unknown, both clinical and laboratory research suggest that the adverse changes may be inter-related and have a common origin in fetal life or childhood. Exposure of the male fetus to supranormal levels of estrogens, such as diethlylstilbestrol, can result in the above-mentioned reproductive defects. The growing number of reports demonstrating that common environmental contaminants and natural factors possess estrogenic activity presents the working hypothesis that the adverse trends in male reproductive health may be, at least in part, associated with exposure to estrogenic or other hormonally active (e.g., antiandrogenic) environmental chemicals during fetal and childhood development. An extensive research program is needed to understand the extent of the problem, its underlying etiology, and the development of a strategy for prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Toppari
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Juliane Marie Center, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Toppari J, Larsen JC, Christiansen P, Giwercman A, Grandjean P, Guillette LJ, Jégou B, Jensen TK, Jouannet P, Keiding N, Leffers H, McLachlan JA, Meyer O, Müller J, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Scheike T, Sharpe R, Sumpter J, Skakkebaek NE. Male reproductive health and environmental xenoestrogens. Environ Health Perspect 1996; 104 Suppl 4:741-803. [PMID: 8880001 PMCID: PMC1469672 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.96104s4741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 675] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Male reproductive health has deteriorated in many countries during the last few decades. In the 1990s, declining semen quality has been reported from Belgium, Denmark, France, and Great Britain. The incidence of testicular cancer has increased during the same time incidences of hypospadias and cryptorchidism also appear to be increasing. Similar reproductive problems occur in many wildlife species. There are marked geographic differences in the prevalence of male reproductive disorders. While the reasons for these differences are currently unknown, both clinical and laboratory research suggest that the adverse changes may be inter-related and have a common origin in fetal life or childhood. Exposure of the male fetus to supranormal levels of estrogens, such as diethlylstilbestrol, can result in the above-mentioned reproductive defects. The growing number of reports demonstrating that common environmental contaminants and natural factors possess estrogenic activity presents the working hypothesis that the adverse trends in male reproductive health may be, at least in part, associated with exposure to estrogenic or other hormonally active (e.g., antiandrogenic) environmental chemicals during fetal and childhood development. An extensive research program is needed to understand the extent of the problem, its underlying etiology, and the development of a strategy for prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Toppari
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Juliane Marie Center, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zirkin BR, Awoniyi C, Griswold MD, Russell LD, Sharpe R. Is FSH required for adult spermatogenesis? J Androl 1994; 15:273-276. [PMID: 7982794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B R Zirkin
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Nashold BS, Ovelmen-Levitt J, Sharpe R, Higgins AC. Intraoperative evoked potentials recorded in man directly from dorsal roots and spinal cord. J Neurosurg 1985; 62:680-93. [PMID: 3989591 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1985.62.5.0680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Direct spinal cord surface recordings of evoked spinal cord potentials have been made in 26 patients during neurosurgical procedures for intractable pain. Monopolar recordings at the dorsal root entry zone after peripheral nerve stimulation have been made at multiple levels for segmental localization and to monitor the state of the afferent path and dorsal horn. Dorsal root and dorsal column conduction has been tested on diseased and intact sides. Normal afferent conduction velocity was found to have an overall mean of 61.33 m/sec for cervicothoracic and lumbosacral peripheral nerves, and 50 m/sec for the dorsal columns. The normal mean amplitude for the slow negative wave (N1) recorded at the root entry was 52.54 muV, while that for the dorsal column conducted response recorded within 4 cm of the stimulus point on the dorsal columns was 347.5 muV. Several different placements of stimulating and recording electrodes are described, as well as their application. An interpretation of the resulting data is proposed.
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Abstract
The use of animals in research and testing is an issue of increasing public concern, with many people convinced that it is unjust to expose any sentient and unconsenting individual to suffering, or risk of suffering, when the only potential benefit would be to others. Such ethical considerations make the introduction of alternative forms of research and testing an urgent priority. In the case of the Draize eye irritancy test, however, scientific considerations superimpose ethical motivations for change, because the procedure is also unsatisfactory on scientific grounds. After concerted pressure from animal welfare groups throughout the world, several laboratories are now investigating humane and more scientific replacements for this test, with encouraging results. Some of the techniques being used have long been available, even before the introduction of the Draize test itself in 1944. This shows what could be achieved today, in other areas of animal testing, assuming the necessary imagination, motivation and resources. Focusing the scientific mind on alternative methodologies is expected not only to benefit science and the animals, but to protect the public more reliably as well.
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Hudson D, Sharpe R, Szelke M. Methionine enkephalin and isosteric analogues. Part II.: Receptor conformation of methionine enkephalin. Int J Pept Protein Res 1980; 15:122-9. [PMID: 6246014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Biological activities are reported for two different types of analogues of methionine enkephalin. Cyclic analogues, bridged between the amino- and carboxy- terminals of the parent peptide, are inactive. In contrast, significant levels of activity are displayed by linear isosterically modified analogues in which the Tyr1-Gly2 peptide bond is replaced by either -CH2NH- or -CH2CH2-. Similar replacements of the Gly2-Gly3 peptide bond yield compounds with much reduced potency. These modifications serve as useful probes of the receptor conformation. Based on these findings, a model is proposed for interaction between enkephalin and its receptor.
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Sharpe R, Hillyard CJ, Szelke M, Macintyre I. Purification of chick 25-hydroxycholecalciferol binding proteins by affinity chromatography. FEBS Lett 1977; 75:265-71. [PMID: 852588 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(77)80100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
This case is reported in the absence of any documented evidence of the systematic and successful treatment of blepharospasm. A flexible behaviour therapy approach, guided by behavioural analysis and experimental psychology was used (Sharpe and Meyer, 1973).
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