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Fernbach PM, Bogard JE. Conspiracy Theory as Individual and Group Behavior: Observations from the Flat Earth International Conference. Top Cogn Sci 2024; 16:187-205. [PMID: 37202921 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Conspiratorial thinking has been with humanity for a long time but has recently grown as a source of societal concern and as a subject of research in the cognitive and social sciences. We propose a three-tiered framework for the study of conspiracy theories: (1) cognitive processes, (2) the individual, and (3) social processes and communities of knowledge. At the level of cognitive processes, we identify explanatory coherence and faulty belief updating as critical ideas. At the level of the community of knowledge, we explore how conspiracy communities facilitate false belief by promoting a contagious sense of understanding, and how community norms catalyze the biased assimilation of evidence. We review recent research on conspiracy theories and explain how conspiratorial thinking emerges from the interaction of individual and group processes. As a case study, we describe observations the first author made while attending the Flat Earth International Conference, a meeting of conspiracy theorists who believe the Earth is flat. Rather than treating conspiracy belief as pathological, we take the perspective that is an extreme outcome of common cognitive processes.
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Even-Tov O, Huang K, Trueman B, Bogard JE, Goldstein NJ. Sharing names and information: Incidental similarities between CEOs and analysts can lead to favoritism in information disclosure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2311250120. [PMID: 38015838 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311250120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
When two people coincidentally have something in common (such as a name or birthday), they tend to like each other more and are thus more likely to offer help and comply with requests. This dynamic can have important legal and ethical consequences whenever these incidental similarities give rise to unfair favoritism. Using a large-scale, longitudinal natural experiment, covering nearly 200,000 annual earnings forecasts over more than 25 y, we show that when a CEO and a securities analyst share a first name, the analyst's financial forecast is more accurate. We offer evidence that name matching improves forecast accuracy due to CEOs privately sharing pertinent information with name-matched analysts. Additionally, we show that this effect is especially pronounced among CEO-analyst pairs who share an uncommon first name. Our research thus demonstrates how incidental similarities can give way to special treatment. Whereas most investigations of the effects of similarity consider only one-shot interactions, we use a longitudinal dataset to show that the effect of name matching diminishes over time with more interactions between CEOs and analysts. We also point to the findings of an experiment suggesting that favoritism born of sharing a name may evade straightforward regulation in part due to people's perception that name similarity would exert little influence on them. Taken together, our work offers insight into when private disclosures are likely to be made. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of regulatory policies can be significantly impacted by psychological factors shaping the context in which they are implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omri Even-Tov
- Department of Accounting, Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Kanyuan Huang
- Department of Accounting, School of Management and Economics, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Brett Trueman
- Department of Accounting, Anderson School of Management, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jonathan E Bogard
- Department of Organizational Behavior, Olin Business School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Noah J Goldstein
- Department of Management and Organizations, Anderson School of Management, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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3
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Szilagyi PG, Casillas A, Duru OK, Ong MK, Vangala S, Tseng CH, Albertin C, Humiston SG, Ross MK, Friedman SR, Evans S, Sloyan M, Bogard JE, Fox CR, Lerner C. Evaluation of behavioral economic strategies to raise influenza vaccination rates across a health system: Results from a randomized clinical trial. Prev Med 2023; 170:107474. [PMID: 36870572 PMCID: PMC11064058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Influenza vaccination rates are low. Working with a large US health system, we evaluated three health system-wide interventions using the electronic health record's patient portal to improve influenza vaccination rates. We performed a two-arm RCT with a nested factorial design within the treatment arm, randomizing patients to usual-care control (no portal interventions) or to one or more portal interventions. We included all patients within this health system during the 2020-2021 influenza vaccination season, which overlapped with the COVID-19 pandemic. Through the patient portal, we simultaneously tested: pre-commitment messages (sent September 2020, asking patients to commit to a vaccination); monthly portal reminders (October - December 2020), direct appointment scheduling (patients could self-schedule influenza vaccination at multiple sites); and pre-appointment reminder messages (sent before scheduled primary care appointments, reminding patients about influenza vaccination). The main outcome measure was receipt of influenza vaccine (10/01/2020-03/31/2021). We randomized 213,773 patients (196,070 adults ≥18 years, 17,703 children). Influenza vaccination rates overall were low (39.0%). Vaccination rates for study arms did not differ: Control (38.9%), pre-commitment vs no pre-commitment (39.2%/38.9%), direct appointment scheduling yes/no (39.1%/39.1%), pre-appointment reminders yes/no (39.1%/39.1%); p > 0.017 for all comparisons (p value cut-off adjusted for multiple comparisons). After adjusting for age, gender, insurance, race, ethnicity, and prior influenza vaccination, none of the interventions increased vaccination rates. We conclude that patient portal interventions to remind patients to receive influenza vaccine during the COVID-19 pandemic did not raise influenza immunization rates. More intensive or tailored interventions are needed beyond portal innovations to increase influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Szilagyi
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - Alejandra Casillas
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - O Kenrik Duru
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - Michael K Ong
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - Sitaram Vangala
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - Chi-Hong Tseng
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - Christina Albertin
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | | | - Mindy K Ross
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - Sarah R Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Sharon Evans
- Department of Information Services and Solutions, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - Michael Sloyan
- Department of Information Services and Solutions, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - Jonathan E Bogard
- Olin Business School Washington University in Saint Louis, United States of America.
| | - Craig R Fox
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Anderson School of Management, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - Carlos Lerner
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
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Patel MS, Milkman KL, Gandhi L, Graci HN, Gromet D, Ho H, Kay JS, Lee TW, Rothschild J, Akinola M, Beshears J, Bogard JE, Buttenheim A, Chabris C, Chapman GB, Choi JJ, Dai H, Fox CR, Goren A, Hilchey MD, Hmurovic J, John LK, Karlan D, Kim M, Laibson D, Lamberton C, Madrian BC, Meyer MN, Modanu M, Nam J, Rogers T, Rondina R, Saccardo S, Shermohammed M, Soman D, Sparks J, Warren C, Weber M, Berman R, Evans CN, Lee SH, Snider CK, Tsukayama E, Van den Bulte C, Volpp KG, Duckworth AL. A Randomized Trial of Behavioral Nudges Delivered Through Text Messages to Increase Influenza Vaccination Among Patients With an Upcoming Primary Care Visit. Am J Health Promot 2023; 37:324-332. [PMID: 36195982 PMCID: PMC10798571 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221131021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate if nudges delivered by text message prior to an upcoming primary care visit can increase influenza vaccination rates. DESIGN Randomized, controlled trial. SETTING Two health systems in the Northeastern US between September 2020 and March 2021. SUBJECTS 74,811 adults. INTERVENTIONS Patients in the 19 intervention arms received 1-2 text messages in the 3 days preceding their appointment that varied in their format, interactivity, and content. MEASURES Influenza vaccination. ANALYSIS Intention-to-treat. RESULTS Participants had a mean (SD) age of 50.7 (16.2) years; 55.8% (41,771) were female, 70.6% (52,826) were White, and 19.0% (14,222) were Black. Among the interventions, 5 of 19 (26.3%) had a significantly greater vaccination rate than control. On average, the 19 interventions increased vaccination relative to control by 1.8 percentage points or 6.1% (P = .005). The top performing text message described the vaccine to the patient as "reserved for you" and led to a 3.1 percentage point increase (95% CI, 1.3 to 4.9; P < .001) in vaccination relative to control. Three of the top five performing messages described the vaccine as "reserved for you." None of the interventions performed worse than control. CONCLUSIONS Text messages encouraging vaccination and delivered prior to an upcoming appointment significantly increased influenza vaccination rates and could be a scalable approach to increase vaccination more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh S. Patel
- Department of Clinical Transformation and Behavioral Insights, Ascension, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katherine L. Milkman
- Department of Operations, Information and Decisions, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Linnea Gandhi
- Department of Operations, Information and Decisions, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heather N. Graci
- Behavior Change for Good Initiative, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dena Gromet
- Behavior Change for Good Initiative, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hung Ho
- Department of Marketing, The University of Chicago Booth School of Business, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph S. Kay
- Behavior Change for Good Initiative, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy W. Lee
- School of Professional Studies, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jake Rothschild
- Behavior Change for Good Initiative, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Modupe Akinola
- Department of Management, Columbia Business School, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Beshears
- Negotiation, Organizations & Markets Unit, Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan E. Bogard
- Department of Behavioral Decision Making, Anderson School of Management, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alison Buttenheim
- Department of Family and Community Health, The University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher Chabris
- Behavioral and Decision Sciences Program, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Gretchen B. Chapman
- Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James J. Choi
- Department of Finance, Yale School of Management, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hengchen Dai
- Department of Management and Organization, Anderson School of Management, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Craig R. Fox
- Department of Management and Organization, Anderson School of Management, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amir Goren
- Behavioral Insights Team, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Matthew D. Hilchey
- Department of Behavioural Science and Economics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jillian Hmurovic
- Department of Marketing, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leslie K. John
- Negotiation, Organizations & Markets Unit, Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dean Karlan
- Department of Finance, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Melanie Kim
- Department of Behavioural Science and Economics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Laibson
- Negotiation, Organizations & Markets Unit, Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cait Lamberton
- Department of Marketing, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brigitte C. Madrian
- Department of Finance, Marriott School of Business, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Michelle N. Meyer
- Behavioral and Decision Sciences Program, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Maria Modanu
- Department of Management, Columbia Business School, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jimin Nam
- Negotiation, Organizations & Markets Unit, Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd Rogers
- Negotiation, Organizations & Markets Unit, Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Renante Rondina
- Department of Behavioural Science and Economics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Silvia Saccardo
- Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maheen Shermohammed
- Behavioral and Decision Sciences Program, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Dilip Soman
- Department of Behavioural Science and Economics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jehan Sparks
- Department of Behavioral Decision Making, Anderson School of Management, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caleb Warren
- Department of Marketing, Eller College of Management, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Megan Weber
- Department of Behavioral Decision Making, Anderson School of Management, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ron Berman
- Department of Marketing, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chalanda N. Evans
- Center for Digital Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Seung Hyeong Lee
- Negotiation, Organizations & Markets Unit, Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher K. Snider
- Center for Health Care Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eli Tsukayama
- Business Administration Division, University of Hawaiì-West Òahu, Kapolei, HI, USA
| | | | - Kevin G. Volpp
- Penn Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, Departments of Medical Ethics and Health Policy and Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angela L. Duckworth
- Department of Operations, Information and Decisions, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Krijnen JMT, Ülkümen G, Bogard JE, Fox CR. Lay theories of financial well-being predict political and policy message preferences. J Pers Soc Psychol 2022; 122:310-336. [PMID: 35130024 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
People differ in their lay theories about how and why the financial well-being of individuals changes over time or varies between individuals. We introduce a measure of Causal Attributions of Financial Uncertainty-the CAFU scale-and find that such attributions can be described reliably along three distinct dimensions, respectively capturing the extent to which changes in financial well-being are perceived to be: (a) knowable and within individuals' control due to individual factors such as effort ("Rewarding"); (b) knowable and outside of individuals' control due to factors such as favoritism and discrimination ("Rigged"); and (c) inherently unpredictable and determined by chance events ("Random"). In a sample representative of the U.S. population on various demographic characteristics (N = 1,102), we find that differences in these beliefs are associated with political ideology, revealing a predicted pattern: conservatives scored higher on the Rewarding subscale and liberals scored higher on the Rigged and Random subscales, even when controlling for key demographics. Moreover, we find that these three dimensions predict responses to different policy messages, even when controlling for political ideology. In three preregistered experiments (combined N = 2,560), we observe increased support for various social welfare policies when we highlighted aspects of these policies that are compatible with people's beliefs about financial well-being. Likewise, we observe increased support for political candidates when they expressed their positions in a way that is compatible with people's beliefs. Thus, this work can help better understand drivers of political attitudes and guide in crafting more persuasive policy messages. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Job M T Krijnen
- Anderson School of Management, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Gülden Ülkümen
- Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California
| | - Jonathan E Bogard
- Anderson School of Management, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Craig R Fox
- Anderson School of Management, University of California, Los Angeles
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Szilagyi PG, Albertin CS, Casillas A, Valderrama R, Duru OK, Ong MK, Vangala S, Tseng CH, Humiston SG, Evans S, Sloyan M, Bogard JE, Fox CR, Lerner C. Effect of Personalized Messages Sent by a Health System's Patient Portal on Influenza Vaccination Rates: a Randomized Clinical Trial. J Gen Intern Med 2022; 37:615-623. [PMID: 34472020 PMCID: PMC8858355 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-021-07023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult influenza vaccination rates are low. Tailored patient reminders might raise rates. OBJECTIVE Evaluate impact of a health system's patient portal reminders: (1) tailored to patient characteristics and (2) incorporating behavioral science strategies, on influenza vaccination rates among adults. DESIGN Pragmatic 6-arm randomized trial across a health system during the 2019-2020 influenza vaccination season. The setting was one large health system-53 adult primary care practices. PARTICIPANTS All adult patients who used the patient portal within 12 months, stratified by the following: young adults (18-64 years, without diabetes), older adults (≥65 years, without diabetes), and those with diabetes (≥18 years). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized within strata to either (1) pre-commitment reminder alone (1 message, mid-October), (2) pre-commitment + loss frame messages, (3) pre-commitment + gain frame messages, (4) loss frame messages alone, (5) gain frame messages alone, or (6) standard of care control. Patients in the pre-commitment group were sent a message in mid-October, asking if they planned on getting an influenza vaccination. Patients in loss or gain frame groups were sent up to 3 portal reminders (late October, November, and December, if no documented influenza vaccination in the EHR) about importance and safety of influenza vaccine. MAIN MEASURES Receipt of 1 influenza vaccine from 10/01/2019 to 03/31/2020. KEY RESULTS 196,486 patients (145,166 young adults, 29,795 older adults, 21,525 adults with diabetes) were randomized. Influenza vaccination rates were as follows: for young adults 36.8%, for older adults 55.6%, and for diabetics 60.6%. On unadjusted and adjusted (for age, gender, insurance, race, ethnicity, and prior influenza vaccine history) analyses, influenza vaccination rates were not statistically different for any study group versus control. CONCLUSIONS Patient reminders sent by a health system's patient portal that were tailored to patient demographics (young adults, older adults, diabetes) and that incorporated two behavioral economic messaging strategies (pre-commitment and loss/gain framing) were not effective in raising influenza vaccination rates. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04110314).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G. Szilagyi
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Christina S. Albertin
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Alejandra Casillas
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Rebecca Valderrama
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - O. Kenrik Duru
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Michael K Ong
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Sitaram Vangala
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Chi-Hong Tseng
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | | | - Sharon Evans
- Department of Information Services and Solutions, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Michael Sloyan
- Department of Information Services and Solutions, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | | | - Craig R. Fox
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
- UCLA Anderson School of Management, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Carlos Lerner
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
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Lerner C, Albertin C, Casillas A, Duru OK, Ong MK, Vangala S, Humiston S, Evans S, Sloyan M, Fox CR, Bogard JE, Friedman S, Szilagyi PG. Patient Portal Reminders for Pediatric Influenza Vaccinations: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Pediatrics 2021; 148:peds.2020-048413. [PMID: 34321338 PMCID: PMC8669575 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-048413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In a large health system, we evaluated the effectiveness of electronic health record patient portal reminders in increasing pediatric influenza vaccination rates. METHODS We conducted an intention-to-treat randomized clinical trial of 22 046 children from 6 months to <18 years of age in 53 primary care practices. Patients (or parent and/or proxies) who were active portal users were randomly assigned to receive reminder messages framed as gains or losses or no messages. They were separately randomly assigned to receive a precommitment message before the influenza season. The primary outcome was receipt of ≥1 seasonal influenza vaccinations. Additionally, children 6 months to <3 years of age due for a second influenza vaccine were randomly assigned to receive a reminder or no reminder for the second vaccination. RESULTS First-dose influenza vaccination rates were 56.9% in the control group, 58.0% in the loss-frame reminders group (P = .07), and 58.0% in the gain-frame group (P = .47). Rates were 58.3% in the precommitment group versus 57.0% in the control group (P = .11). Adjusted risk ratios for first vaccination were 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-1.04) for loss-frame reminders, 1.01 (95% CI: 0.98-1.05) for gain-frame reminders, and 1.02 (95% CI: 1.00-1.04) for precommitment messages versus controls. Second-dose vaccination rates were 44.1% in the control group and 55.0% in the reminder group, with an adjusted risk ratio of 1.25 (95% CI: 1.07-1.45). CONCLUSIONS Patient portal reminders for influenza vaccines in children, whether framed as gains or losses, did not increase first-dose influenza vaccination rates but were highly effective for the second dose of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lerner
- Department of Pediatrics and Mattel Children's Hospital
| | | | | | | | - Michael K. Ong
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine,Department of Health Policy and Management, Jonathan and Karin
Fielding School of Public Health,Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles
Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Sharon Humiston
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine,Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy, Kansas City,
Missouri
| | - Sharon Evans
- Information Services and Solutions, University of California, Los
Angeles, Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael Sloyan
- Information Services and Solutions, University of California, Los
Angeles, Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Craig R. Fox
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine,Anderson School of Management,Department of Psychology, College of Life Sciences, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Bogard JE, Delmas MA, Goldstein NJ, Vezich IS. Target, distance, and valence: Unpacking the effects of normative feedback. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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