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Estumano DP, Ferreira LO, Bezerra PAL, da Silva MCP, Jardim GC, Santos GFS, Gustavo KS, Mattos BG, Ramos JAB, Jóia de Mello V, da Costa ET, Lopes DCF, Hamoy M. Alteration of Testosterone Levels Changes Brain Wave Activity Patterns and Induces Aggressive Behavior in Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:654. [PMID: 31616380 PMCID: PMC6768956 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Testosterone is responsible for several changes in the brain, including behavioral and emotional responses, memory, and cognition. Given this, we investigated changes in the brain wave profile caused by supplementation with exogenous testosterone in both castrated and non-castrated rats. We also investigated the serum testosterone levels, renal and hepatic function, and the lipid and behavioral profiles. We found changes in the spectral wave power in both groups (castrated and non-castrated animals) supplemented with exogenous testosterone, consistent with an aggressive/hostile profile. These changes were observed in the electrocorticographic evaluation associated with increased power in low-frequency (delta and theta) and high-frequency (beta and gamma) activity in the supplemented animals. The castrated animals presented a significant decrease of wave power in the alpha frequency. This correlated with a decrease of the performance of the animals in the elevated plus-maze evaluation, given that the alpha wave is linked to the execution and visualization of motor processes. In the behavioral evaluation, the castrated animals presented a reduced permanence time in the elevated-plus maze, although this was prevented by the supplementation of testosterone. Testosterone supplementation induced aggressive behavior in non-castrated animals, but not in castrated ones. Supplemented animals had significantly elevated serum testosterone levels, while their urea levels were significantly lower, but without clinical significance. Our data indicate that testosterone supplementation in non-castrated rats, but not in castrated ones, causes electrocorticographic changes that could be associated with more aggressive and hostile behavior, in addition to indicating a potential for personality disorder. However, further studies are required to elucidate the cellular and molecular changes caused by acute testosterone supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pantoja Estumano
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Luan Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Paulo Augusto Lima Bezerra
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Pinheiro da Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Coutinho Jardim
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - George Francisco Souza Santos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Kayo Silva Gustavo
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Bruna Gerrits Mattos
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Jorge Amando Batista Ramos
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetic, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Jóia de Mello
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Edmar Tavares da Costa
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Dielly Catrina Favacho Lopes
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Dielly Catrina Favacho Lopes
| | - Moisés Hamoy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Moisés Hamoy
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Soares BM, Araújo TMT, Ramos JAB, Pinto LC, Khayat BM, De Oliveira Bahia M, Montenegro RC, Burbano RMR, Khayat AS. Effects on DNA repair in human lymphocytes exposed to the food dye tartrazine yellow. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:1465-1474. [PMID: 25750299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tartrazine is a food additive that belongs to a class of artificial dyes and contains an azo group. Studies about its genotoxic, cytotoxic and mutagenic effects are controversial and, in some cases, unsatisfactory. This work evaluated the potential in vitro cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and effects on DNA repair of human lymphocytes exposed to the dye. We assessed the cytotoxicity of tartrazine by 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide test and the response of DNA repair through comet assay (alkaline version). We used different concentrations of the dye, ranging from 0.25-64.0 mM. The results demonstrated that tartrazine has no cytotoxic effects. However, this dye had a significant genotoxic effect at all concentrations tested. Although most of the damage was amenable to repair, some damage remained higher than positive control after 24 h of repair. These data demonstrate that tartrazine may be harmful to health and its prolonged use could trigger carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Moreira Soares
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil Oncology Research Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Taíssa Maíra Thomaz Araújo
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil Oncology Research Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Laine Celestino Pinto
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil Oncology Research Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | | | - Raquel Carvalho Montenegro
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil Oncology Research Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Rommel Mario Rodríguez Burbano
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil Oncology Research Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - André Salim Khayat
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil Oncology Research Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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