1
|
Duarte-Sierra A, Forney CF, Thomas M, Angers P, Arul J. Phytochemical Enhancement in Broccoli Florets after Harvest by Controlled Doses of Ozone. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152195. [PMID: 35892781 PMCID: PMC9329930 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to examine the effect of controlled doses of O3 (0, 5 µL L−1 of O3 for 60 min, and 5 µL L−1 of O3 for 720 min) on the quality and phytochemical content of broccoli florets during postharvest storage. The optimal dose was found at 5 µL L−1 of O3 for 60 min, from the color retention of broccoli florets exposed to the gas treatment. Overall, the antioxidant capacity of the florets was significantly affected by both doses of O3 compared to the non-exposed florets. The profile of glucosinolates was determined for up to 14 days in broccoli florets stored at 4 °C by LC-MS. The amount of total glucobrassicins and total hydroxy-cinnamates in florets significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved by the application of 5 µL L−1 of O3 for 60 min compared to non-treated florets. The up-regulation of genes of the tryptophan-derived glucosinolate pathway was observed immediately after both treatments. The gene expression of CYP79A2 and CYP79B3 in broccoli was significantly higher in broccoli florets exposed to 5 µL L−1 of O3 for 720 min compared to non-exposed florets. Although enhancement of secondary metabolites can be achieved by the fumigation of broccoli florets with low doses of ozone, quality parameters, particularly weight loss, can be compromised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Duarte-Sierra
- Food Science Department, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.T.); (P.A.); (J.A.)
- Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Center for Research in Plant Innovation (CRIV), Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Charles F. Forney
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 32 Main Street, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada;
| | - Minty Thomas
- Food Science Department, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.T.); (P.A.); (J.A.)
| | - Paul Angers
- Food Science Department, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.T.); (P.A.); (J.A.)
- Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Joseph Arul
- Food Science Department, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.T.); (P.A.); (J.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Duarte-Sierra A, Thomas M, Angers P, Arul J. Hydrogen Peroxide Can Enhance the Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds in Harvested Broccoli Florets. Front Sustain Food Syst 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.812123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) which participates in the signal transduction responses of plants toward biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, the objective of this study was to link the exposure of low doses of H2O2 to the improvement of the phytochemical composition of broccoli florets, in particular the content of glucosinolates (GLS), and hydroxy-cinnamates (HCA) without affecting the quality parameters of the vegetable. A dose of 1.25 mM H2O2 applied for 180 min was effective (hormetic) in maintaining the color of broccoli florets, which was also compared with a higher dose of 5.0 mM H2O2 applied for 180 min. The intensity of the treatments was related to respiration rate, which was monitored for 21 d at 4◦C along to weight loss. The initial respiration rate of florets exposed to both doses of H2O2 was significantly (p < 0.0001) higher relative to controls and resulted in weight loss in florets treated with the hormetic dose. The antioxidant capacity of florets, measured indirectly as Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and ascorbic acid (AA), decreased in florets exposed to both doses. The concentration of glucobrassicins, aliphatic GLS, and HCA was consistently higher in florets treated with the two doses, compared to non-exposed florets. The enhancement of these compounds was accompanied by the over expression, immediately (6 h) after treatments, of tryptophan N-hydroxylase 2 (CYP79B3), dihomomethionine N-hydroxylase (CYP79F1), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) genes. Overall, the tested doses of H2O2 positively influenced the augmentation of indole-type and aliphatic GLS, as well as HCA in broccoli florets.
Collapse
|
3
|
Angers P, Arul J, Jacques H. Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers or the Potential Wild Card in
Trans
Fats. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Angers
- Department of Food Sciences Université Laval 2425 rue de l'Agriculture Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods Université Laval 2440 boulevard Hochelaga Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Joseph Arul
- Department of Food Sciences Université Laval 2425 rue de l'Agriculture Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods Université Laval 2440 boulevard Hochelaga Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Hélène Jacques
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods Université Laval 2440 boulevard Hochelaga Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
- School of Nutrition Université Laval 2425 rue de l'Agriculture Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Duarte‐Sierra A, Tiznado‐Hernández ME, Jha DK, Janmeja N, Arul J. Abiotic stress hormesis: An approach to maintain quality, extend storability, and enhance phytochemicals on fresh produce during postharvest. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3659-3682. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Duarte‐Sierra
- Department of Food Science and Plant Research and Innovation Center Laval University Quebec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Martin Ernesto Tiznado‐Hernández
- Coordinación de Tecnología en Alimentos de Origen Vegetal Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas Hermosillo Sonora Mexico
| | - Deepak Kumar Jha
- Department of Food Science and Plant Research and Innovation Center Laval University Quebec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Navina Janmeja
- Department of Food Science and Plant Research and Innovation Center Laval University Quebec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Joseph Arul
- Department of Food Science and Plant Research and Innovation Center Laval University Quebec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Desmarais A, Sébédio J, Belkacemi K, Arul J, Angers P. Formation Kinetics of Monomeric Cyclic Fatty Acid Methyl Esters of Alpha‐Linolenic Acid: Effects of Mono
cis
/
trans
Isomers. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Desmarais
- Department of Food SciencesUniversité Laval2425 rue de l'Agriculture Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional FoodsUniversité Laval2440 Boulevard Hochelaga Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Jean‐Louis Sébédio
- Unité de Nutrition HumaineINRA Route de Theix, 63122 St Genès Champanelle France
| | - Khaled Belkacemi
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional FoodsUniversité Laval2440 Boulevard Hochelaga Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
- Department of Soil and Agri‐Food EngineeringUniversité Laval 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Joseph Arul
- Department of Food SciencesUniversité Laval2425 rue de l'Agriculture Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional FoodsUniversité Laval2440 Boulevard Hochelaga Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Paul Angers
- Department of Food SciencesUniversité Laval2425 rue de l'Agriculture Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional FoodsUniversité Laval2440 Boulevard Hochelaga Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chorfa N, Belkacemi K, Arul J, Hamoudi S. Acylation of unprotected lactose with 1,18-octadec-9-enedioyl chloride for the synthesis of monocatenary and bolaform agro-based surfactants. CAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasima Chorfa
- Department of Soil Sciences and Agri-Food Engineering; Centre in Green Chemistry & Catalysis, Centr'Eau; Université Laval; Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Khaled Belkacemi
- Department of Soil Sciences and Agri-Food Engineering; Centre in Green Chemistry & Catalysis, Centr'Eau; Université Laval; Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Joseph Arul
- Department of Food Science; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods; Université Laval; Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Safia Hamoudi
- Department of Soil Sciences and Agri-Food Engineering; Centre in Green Chemistry & Catalysis, Centr'Eau; Université Laval; Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Scheeren MB, Sabik H, Gariépy C, Terra NN, Arul J. Determination ofN-nitrosamines in processed meats by liquid extraction combined with gas chromatography-methanol chemical ionisation/mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:1436-47. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1066037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
8
|
Charles M, Rolland D, Roussel D, Merisier M, Charlebois D, Arul J. ASSESSMENT OF CHANGES IN ORGANIC ACID AND SUGAR PROFILES OF TOMATO FRUITS INDUCED BY UV-C HORMESIS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2015.1079.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
9
|
Yaganza ES, Tweddell RJ, Arul J. Postharvest application of organic and inorganic salts to control potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) storage soft rot: plant tissue-salt physicochemical interactions. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:9223-9231. [PMID: 25174721 DOI: 10.1021/jf5017863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Soft rot caused by Pectobacterium sp. is a devastating disease affecting stored potato tubers, and there is a lack of effective means of controlling this disease. In this study, 21 organic and inorganic salts were tested for their ability to control soft rot in potato tubers. In the preventive treatment, significant control of soft rot was observed with AlCl3 (≥66%) and Na2S2O3 (≥57%) and to a lesser extent with Al lactate and Na benzoate (≥34%) and K sorbate and Na propionate (≥27%). However, only a moderate control was achieved by curative treatment with AlCl3 and Na2S2O3 (42%) and sodium benzoate (≥33%). Overall, the in vitro inhibitory activity of salts was attenuated in the presence of plant tissue (in vivo) to different degrees. The inhibitory action of the salts in the preventive treatment, whether effective or otherwise, showed an inverse linear relationship with water ionization capacity (pK') of the salt ions, whereas in the curative treatment, only the effective salts showed this inverse linear relationship. Salt-plant tissue interactions appear to play a central role in the attenuated inhibitory activity of salts in potato tuber through reduction in the availability of the inhibitory ions for salt-bacteria interactions. This study demonstrates that AlCl3, Na2S2O3, and Na benzoate have potential in controlling potato tuber soft rot and provides a general basis for understanding of specific salt-tissue interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E S Yaganza
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Horticultural Research Centre, Université Laval , Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mohan S, Thiagarajan K, Chandrasekaran R, Arul J. In vitro protection of biological macromolecules against oxidative stress and in vivo toxicity evaluation of Acacia nilotica (L.) and ethyl gallate in rats. BMC Complement Altern Med 2014; 14:257. [PMID: 25043389 PMCID: PMC4223376 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, enormous research has been focused on natural bioactive compounds possessing potential antioxidant and anticancer properties using cell lines and animal models. Acacia nilotica (L.) is widely distributed in Asia, Africa, Australia and Kenya. The plant is traditionally used to treat mouth, ear and bone cancer. However, reports on Acacia nilotica (L.) Wild. Ex. Delile subsp. indica (Benth.) Brenan regarding its toxicity profile is limited. Hence in this study, we investigated the antioxidant capacity and acute toxicity of ethyl gallate, a phenolic antioxidant present in the A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract. METHODS The antioxidant activity of ethyl gallate against Fenton's system (Fe3+/H2O2/ascorbic acid) generated oxidative damage to pBR322 DNA and BSA was investigated. We also studied the interaction of ethyl gallate to CT-DNA by wave scan and FTIR analysis. The amount of ethyl gallate present in the A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract was calculated using HPLC and represented in gram equivalence of ethyl gallate. The acute toxicity profile of ethyl gallate in the A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract was analyzed in albino Wistar rats. Measurement of liver and kidney function markers, total proteins and glucose were determined in the serum. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) tool version 16.0. RESULTS Ethyl gallate was found to be effective at 100 μg/mL concentration by inhibiting the free radical mediated damage to BSA and pBR322 DNA. We also found that the interaction of ethyl gallate and A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract to CT-DNA occurs through intercalation. One gram of A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract was found to be equivalent to 20 mg of ethyl gallate through HPLC analysis. Based on the acute toxicity results, A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract and ethyl gallate as well was found to be non-toxic and safe. CONCLUSIONS Results revealed no mortality or abnormal biochemical changes in vivo and the protective effect of A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract and ethyl gallate on DNA and protein against oxidative stress in vitro. Hence, A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract or ethyl gallate could be used as potential antioxidants with safe therapeutic application in cancer chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mohan
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632014, India
| | - Kalaivani Thiagarajan
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632014, India
| | | | - Joseph Arul
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Abstract
Fragmentation of chitosan in aqueous solution by hydrochloric acid was investigated. The kinetics of fragmentation, the number of chain scissions, and polydispersity of the fragments were followed by viscometry and size exclusion chromatography. The chemical structure and the degree of N-acetylation (DA) of the original chitosan and its fragments were examined by (1)H NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The kinetic data indicates that the reaction was of first order. The results of polydispersity and the DA suggest that the selected experimental conditions (temperature and concentration of acid) were appropriate to obtain the fragments having the polydispersity and the DA similar to or slightly different from those of the original one. A procedure to estimate molecular weight of fragments as well as the number of chain scissions of the fragments under the experimental conditions was also proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Kasaai
- Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Khazar Abad Road, Km. 9, P.O. Box 578, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Joseph Arul
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Gérard Charlet
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC, Canada G1K 7P4
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Oulé
- a Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences , Collège Universitaire de Saint-Boniface , Saint-Boniface , Manitoba , Canada
| | - M. Dickman
- a Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences , Collège Universitaire de Saint-Boniface , Saint-Boniface , Manitoba , Canada
| | - J. Arul
- b Département des Sciences de l'Alimentation et de la Nutrition , Université Laval , Québec , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chorfa N, Hamoudi S, Arul J, Belkacemi K. Sulfur Promotion in Conjugated Isomerization of Safflower Oil over Bifunctional Structured Rh/SBA-15 Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
15
|
Yao BN, Tano K, Konan HK, Bédié GK, Oulé MK, Koffi-Nevry R, Arul J. The role of hydrolases in the loss of firmness and of the changes in sugar content during the post-harvest maturation of Carica papaya L. var solo 8. J Food Sci Technol 2012; 51:3309-16. [PMID: 26396325 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is associated with many hydrolase activities involved in the softening of the fruit during the maturation. This study investigates the relationship between the loss of firmness along with the changes of sugar content and the enzymatic activities in Carica papaya L.var solo 8 during post-harvest storage. Three maturation stages (green immature: the fruit is entirely green, green mature: the fruit shows 1/32 yellow skin and fully mature: the fruit shows 1/8 yellow skin) have been selected and stored at 15, 22 and 28 °C. The reduction of fruit firmness, total sugar contents, refractive index (% Brix) and enzymatic activities were measured. Low enzymatic activities (0.035 μmol/min/mg) were recorded in fruit harvested at the green immature stage with no significant (p ≥ 0.05) effect on the softening while fruit harvested at the green mature and fully mature stages showed enzymatic activities 7 times as high as those of the green immature stage. These high enzymatic activities were responsible for the loss of firmness of the fruit. Accordingly, papayas at the green mature and fully mature stages displayed higher maxima of sugar content (4.8 g/100 g at 28 °C at day 12, and 10.2 g/100 g at 22 °C at day 8, respectively) at higher temperatures. Meanwhile in green immature papayas, the maximum was only 4.3 g/100 g at 22 °C and day 12 of storage. The results show that the loss of firmness of the papaya was highly related to the hydrolytic enzyme activities and the sweet taste to the presence of simple sugars such as galactose liberated from the polysaccharide complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Yao
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry and Tropical Products Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Abobo-Adjamé University, Abidjan, 02 B.P. 801, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Kablan Tano
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry and Tropical Products Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Abobo-Adjamé University, Abidjan, 02 B.P. 801, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Hubert K Konan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Food Technology, Abobo-Adjamé University, Abidjan, 02 BP 801 Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Gerard K Bédié
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry and Tropical Products Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Abobo-Adjamé University, Abidjan, 02 B.P. 801, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Mathias K Oulé
- Faculty of Sciences, University College of Saint-Boniface, 200 Avenue de la Cathédrale, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada R2H 0H7
| | - Rose Koffi-Nevry
- Laboratory of biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Abobo-Adjamé, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Joseph Arul
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Horticulture Research Center, Laval University, Sainte-Foy, Quebec Canada G1K 7P4
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bourget S, Corcuff R, Angers P, Arul J. EFFECT OF THE EXPOSURE TO STATIC MAGNETIC FIELD ON THE RIPENING AND SENESCENCE OF TOMATO FRUITS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2012.945.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
17
|
Chorfa N, Hamoudi S, Arul J, Belkacemi K. Conjugated linoleic acid formation by hydrogenation/isomerisation of safflower oil over bifunctional structured catalyst Rh/SBA-15. CAN J CHEM ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.20672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
18
|
|
19
|
Corcuff R, Mercier J, Tweddell R, Arul J. Effect of water activity on the production of volatile organic compounds by Muscodor albus and their effect on three pathogens in stored potato. Fungal Biol 2011; 115:220-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
20
|
Kemache N, Hamoudi S, Arul J, Belkacemi K. Activity and Selectivity of Nanostructured Sulfur-Doped Pd/SBA-15 Catalyst for Vegetable Oil Hardening. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie9006529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
21
|
Cherif A, Belkacemi K, Kallel H, Angers P, Arul J, Boukhchina S. Phytosterols, unsaturated fatty acid composition and accumulation in the almond kernel during harvesting period: Importance for development regulation. C R Biol 2009; 332:1069-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2009.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
22
|
Ngo-Duy CC, Destaillats F, Keskitalo M, Arul J, Angers P. Triacylglycerols of Apiaceae seed oils: Composition and regiodistribution of fatty acids. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200800178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
23
|
Lin Teng Shee F, Arul J, Brunet S, Bazinet L. Performing a three-step process for conversion of chitosan to its oligomers using a unique bipolar membrane electrodialysis system. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56:10019-10026. [PMID: 18937492 DOI: 10.1021/jf801557v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan, a linear polysaccharide composed of beta-1,4 linked d-glucosamine residues, can be depolymerized into oligomers by enzymatic reaction with chitosanase. Recently, bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) has been used for chitosan solubilization and for terminating the enzymatic reaction by action of electrogenerated acid and base, respectively. The aim of the present study was to test a complete "3-in-1" process using a three-compartment BMED configuration to perform simultaneously the solubilization of chitosan, the inactivation of chitosanase, and the demineralization of the oligomers. In addition, the BMED process was compared to a conventional process using chemical acid and base. The BMED method was found to be as effective as the conventional method for solubilizing the chitosan and for inactivating the chitosanase. Furthermore, the use of BMED allowed a demineralization rate of 53% of the chito-oligomer solution in the diluate compartment. A global process of chitosan hydrolysis into its oligomers using a BMED system was proposed. This technology has great potential for industrial application in chitosan oligomer preparation, because it is convenient and ecological and it produces chito-oligomers with a lower mineral content compared with the conventional method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Lin Teng Shee
- Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kasaai MR, Arul J, Charlet G. Fragmentation of chitosan by ultrasonic irradiation. Ultrason Sonochem 2008; 15:1001-1008. [PMID: 18534895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Revised: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Kinetics of chitosan fragmentation by ultrasonic irradiation at frequency of 20 kHz, and the effects of experimental variables (power of ultrasound, chitosan concentration and solution temperature) on fragmentation were investigated. The kinetics studies were followed by measuring solution viscosity of the original and its fragments, and determining average number of chain scission of the fragments. The effects of ultrasonic power, chitosan concentration and solution temperature on fragmentation process were followed by viscometry and size exclusion chromatography. The chemical structure of the original chitosan and its fragments were examined by (1)H NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The experimental results showed that the rate of fragmentation increased with an increase in power of ultrasound. Chain scission increased with an increase in power of ultrasound; and solution temperature, but a decrease in chitosan concentration. The chemical structure and polydispersity of the original and the fragments were nearly identical. A model based on experimental data to describe the relationship between chain scission and experimental variables (power of ultrasound; irradiation time; reduced concentration, c[eta]; and solution temperature) was proposed. It was concluded that ultrasonic irradiation is a suitable method to perform partial depolymerization and to obtain moderate macromolecules from large ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R Kasaai
- Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Mazandaran University, Khazar Abad Road, Km. 9, P.O. Box 578, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lin Teng Shee F, Arul J, Brunet S, Bazinet L. Chitosan solubilization by bipolar membrane electroacidification: Reduction of membrane fouling. J Memb Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
26
|
Aider M, Arul J, Mateescu MA, Brunet S, Bazinet L. Electromigration behavior of a mixture of chitosan oligomers at different concentrations. J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54:10170-6. [PMID: 17177556 DOI: 10.1021/jf061653n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of the concentration of a chitosan oligomer mixture on its electrophoretic behavior was studied as a function of pH and ionic strength added. It was shown that the concentration has a significant effect on the average electrophoretic mobility of the chitosan oligomer mixture and on isoelectric point. At a concentration of 3%, the ionic strength added did not show any effect on the electromigration behavior of the chitosan oligomer mixture. By decreasing the concentration of the chitosan oligomer mixture, ionic strength showed a significant effect on the average electrophoretic mobility but not on the isoelectric point. The highest shift of the isoelectric point was recorded in water at 0.003% concentration of the oligomer mixture. Under these conditions, the isoelectric point was at pH 5 whereas it was at pH 8 at 3% concentration of chitosan oligomer mixture. Electrophoretic measurements were also taken in water/ethanol aqueous medium. By adding ethanol to the medium, the average electrophoretic mobility decreased. This would have been caused by the increase in viscosity of the medium. Increasing ethanol ratio in the running medium, the isoelectric point moved from pH 5 in water up to pH 6-8 dependently on chitosan oligomer mixture concentration and ethanol content of the medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Aider
- Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (I NAF) and Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Laval University, Québec (Québec), Canada G1K 7P4
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The effects of pressurized CO2 on the survival of Escherichia coli and the mechanism of cell inactivation were studied. Bacterial cultures were inoculated in nutrient broth and incubated at 30 °C for 18 h. Exposure of the cells to CO2 under pressures ranging from 2.5 to 25 MPa and at temperatures between 8 and 40 °C was performed in a double-walled reactor with a 1 L capacity. The effect of the treatment on the cells was evaluated by plating and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy observation. Vapour CO2 generated a bacteriostatic effect. In liquid or supercritical state, CO2 provided a bactericidal effect. The bactericidal effect increased with pressure and temperature. The mechanism of cell inactivation by liquid CO2 involved two stages. First, cell stress caused by the CO2 penetration provoked cell wall collapse and cellular content precipitation. Second, the cell death caused by supercritical extraction of intracellular substances and cell envelope perforation resulted in leaking of intracellular constituents. In supercritical conditions, the cell inactivation process had one single phase: cellular death.Key words: Escherichia coli, CO2 under pressure, inactivation mechanism, bactericidal effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias K Oulé
- Faculty of Science, Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface, Winnipeg, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lin Teng Shee F, Arul J, Brunet S, Mateescu AM, Bazinet L. Solubilization of chitosan by bipolar membrane electroacidification. J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54:6760-4. [PMID: 16939337 DOI: 10.1021/jf060441n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan, a partially deacetylated derivative of chitin, was solubilized by bipolar membrane electroacidification (BMEA). Bipolar/monopolar (anionic or cationic) configuration and chitosan addition mode (single step or stepwise) were examined. Chitosan solubility and electroacidification parameters were monitored during the process to determine the optimal conditions. Bipolar/anionic configuration and stepwise feeding mode led to chitosan solubilization yield of 91% in 60 min at 20 mA/cm(2). In this configuration, chitosan solution had a pH of 2.5, a conductivity of 8.5 mS/cm, and an ash content of 0.2%. Relative energy consumption was 0.05 kWh/L of 1% chitosan solution prepared. Although some chitosan particles were aggregated in the electrodialysis stack, limiting chitosan solubilization, BMEA allowed complete solubilization of chitosan circulating in the system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Lin Teng Shee
- Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (INAF), Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Aider M, Arul J, Mateescu AM, Brunet S, Bazinet L. Electromigration of chitosan D-glucosamine and oligomers in dilute aqueous solutions. J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54:6352-7. [PMID: 16910730 DOI: 10.1021/jf060165c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The electromigration behavior of chitosan D-glucosamine and oligomers with a degree of polymerization from 1 to 6 in dilute aqueous systems containing either NaCl or KCl salt at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 M at pH values from 2 to 9 was evaluated. The results showed that the electromigration of the chitosan D-glucosamine and oligomers did not change by changing the type of salt in the running medium and that the pH had a significant effect on the direction of migration under an external electric field. In addition, the increase in the ionic strength of the medium caused a significant decrease on the absolute value of the electrophoretic mobility, and the highest values of the electromobility were observed in water. However, the ionic strength had no significant effect on the electrophoretic mobilities at pH 2 in comparison with the other pH values. The dimer showed the highest electrophoretic mobility in the alkaline zone of the pH. At pH values lower than the pKa of the D-glucosamine, the chitosan D-glucosamine, and oligomers migrated toward the anode, where the amine groups are protonated and carry positive charge. At higher pH values, chitosan D-glucosamine and oligomers migrated toward the anode, even though they did not carry any electric charge. The contribution of the difference in the dielectric constants between the solvent and the solute to this phenomenon was highlighted. It was shown that the glucose moiety contributes to the direction of migration of the chitosan D-glucosamine and oligomers under alkaline conditions and that the difference in the dielectric constant of glucose and the solvent accounts for the direction and the extent of electromobility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Aider
- Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Abstract
Rumenic (cis-9,trans-11 18:2) acid is the main conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer in milk and other ruminant fats. Anhydrous regular and high-CLA butterfats were heated at 200 degrees C for 2, 4, and 6 h under atmospheric conditions. [1,5] Sigmatropic isomerization of rumenic acid occurred, resulting in the formation of trans-8,cis-10 18:2 acid, as determined by mass spectrometry of its 4,4-dimethyloxazoline derivative. Rate of isomerization was monitored by gas-liquid chromatography, using a 120-m capillary column coated with 70% equivalent cyanoalkylpolysiloxane polymer, and reaction was of first order. Furthermore, [1,5] sigmatropic rearrangement product analysis can be used as an indicator of heat treatment of natural fats and oils containing CLA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Destaillats
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, and Dairy Research Center (STELA), Quebec, Canada, G1K 7P4
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yaganza ES, Rioux D, Simard M, Arul J, Tweddell RJ. Ultrastructural alterations of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica caused by treatment with aluminum chloride and sodium metabisulfite. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:6800-8. [PMID: 15528547 PMCID: PMC525195 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.11.6800-6808.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2004] [Accepted: 06/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum and bisulfite salts inhibit the growth of several fungi and bacteria, and their application effectively controls potato soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora. In an effort to understand their inhibitory action, ultrastructural changes in Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica after exposure (0 to 20 min) to different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 M) of these salts were examined by using transmission electron microscopy. Plasma membrane integrity was evaluated by using the SYTOX Green fluorochrome that penetrates only cells with altered membranes. Bacteria exposed to all aluminum chloride concentrations, especially 0.2 M, exhibited loosening of the cell walls, cell wall rupture, cytoplasmic aggregation, and an absence of extracellular vesicles. Sodium metabisulfite caused mainly a retraction of plasma membrane and cellular voids which were more pronounced with increasing concentration. Bacterial mortality was closely associated with SYTOX stain absorption when bacteria were exposed to either a high concentration (0.2 M) of aluminum chloride or prolonged exposure (20 min) to 0.05 M aluminum chloride or to a pH of 2.5. Bacteria exposed to lower concentrations of aluminum chloride (0.05 and 0.1 M) for 10 min or less, or to metabisulfite at all concentrations, did not exhibit significant stain absorption, suggesting that no membrane damage occurred or it was too weak to allow the penetration of the stain into the cell. While mortality caused by aluminum chloride involves membrane damage and subsequent cytoplasmic aggregation, sulfite exerts its effect intracellularly; it is transported across the membrane by free diffusion of molecular SO2 with little damage to the cellular membrane.
Collapse
|
33
|
Asselin G, Lavigne C, Bergeron N, Angers P, Belkacemi K, Arul J, Jacques H. Fasting and postprandial lipid response to the consumption of modified milk fats by guinea pigs. Lipids 2004; 39:985-92. [PMID: 15691020 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-004-1320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of three modified milk fats with different melting profiles on fasting and postprandial lipid responses and on fecal fat content in guinea pigs. We hypothesized that the consumption of modified milk fat with a high m.p. results in reduced fasting and postprandial lipid responses compared with that of modified milk fat fractions with lower m.p. To test this hypothesis, male Hartley guinea pigs were fed isoenergetic diets containing 110 g of fat/kg, either from one of the three modified milk fats with high (HMF), medium (MMF), or low melting profiles (LMF), or from one of the two reference fats as whole milk fat (MF) or a fat blend similar to that of nonhydrogenated soft margarine (MA) for 28 d. Food intake (P < 0.05) and body weight gain (P < 0.05) were reduced in the animals fed the HMF diet compared with the other groups. In the fasting state, plasma LDL cholesterol was highest in animals fed the LMF diet, intermediary in those fed the MMF and MF diets, and lowest in those fed the HMF and MA diets (P< 0.05). Postprandially, the areas under the 0- to 3-h curves for the changes in plasma TG were lower in the HMF group than in the MA- and LMF-fed guinea pigs (P< 0.05). The fecal fat content was higher (P< 0.05) in the HMF group compared to the other milk fat groups. The present results suggest that modified milk fats can impact food intake, body weight gain, fasting cholesterolemia, and postprandial triglyceridemia, and these changes may be attributed to an altered fat absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Asselin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Institute, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Plourde
- Departments of Food Science and Nutrition and of Soil Science and Agri-Food Engineering, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Khaled Belkacemi
- Departments of Food Science and Nutrition and of Soil Science and Agri-Food Engineering, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Joseph Arul
- Departments of Food Science and Nutrition and of Soil Science and Agri-Food Engineering, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
|
37
|
|
38
|
Hervieux V, Yaganza ES, Arul J, Tweddell RJ. Effect of Organic and Inorganic Salts on the Development of Helminthosporium solani, the Causal Agent of Potato Silver Scurf. Plant Dis 2002; 86:1014-1018. [PMID: 30818531 DOI: 10.1094/pdis.2002.86.9.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Potato silver scurf, caused by Helminthosporium solani, is an important postharvest disease of economic significance. Control of H. solani has been accomplished primarily by postharvest applications of thiabendazole. However, many strains of H. solani have become resistant to thiabendazole, resulting in failure of disease control. Consequently, alternative control strategies are needed. This study showed that several salts significantly reduced silver scurf development on potato tuber at a concentration of 0.2 M and that the timing of application also influenced salt efficacy. Among the 23 tested salts, aluminum chloride was the only one reducing silver scurf severity when applied either 2, 4, or 7 days after H. solani inoculation. Aluminum lactate, potassium sorbate, sodium carbonate, sodium metabisulfite, and trisodium phosphate also markedly reduced silver scurf severity but only when applied 2 or 4 days after inoculation. Ammonium acetate, calcium chloride, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, and sodium formate reduced disease severity by at least 50% when applied 2 days after H. solani inoculation. With the exception of calcium chloride and sodium formate, these salts also were shown to strongly inhibit H. solani mycelial growth or spore germination in vitro. Results of this study further demonstrate the possibility of using selected salts for the control of potato silver scurf.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Hervieux
- Centre de Recherche en Horticulture, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada, G1K 7P4
| | - E S Yaganza
- Centre de Recherche en Horticulture, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada, G1K 7P4
| | - J Arul
- Centre de Recherche en Horticulture, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada, G1K 7P4
| | - R J Tweddell
- Centre de Recherche en Horticulture, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada, G1K 7P4
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
|
41
|
Destaillats F, Arul J, Simon JE, Wolff RL, Angers P. Dibutyrate derivatization of monoacylglycerols for the resolution of regioisomers of oleic, petroselinic, and cis-vaccenic acids. Lipids 2002; 37:111-6. [PMID: 11876258 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-002-0870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Dibutyrate derivatives of monoacylglycerols of oleic, petroselinic, and cis-vaccenic acids were prepared by diesterification of monoacylglycerols with n-butyryl chloride. The resulting triacylglycerols were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with a 65% phenyl methyl silicone capillary column and separated on the basis of both fatty acid composition and regiospecific position. The petroselinic acid derivatives eluted first, followed sequentially by the oleic and cis-vaccenic acid derivatives, with the sn-2 positional isomer eluting before the sn-1 (3) isomer in each case. Separation of the peaks was almost baseline between petroselinic and oleic acids as well as between oleic and cis-vaccenic acids. To assess the accuracy of the method, mixtures of triolein, tripetroselinin, and tri-cis-vaccenin in various known proportions were partially deacylated with the use of ethyl magnesium bromide and derivatized and analyzed as above. The results showed that this method compares favorably to the existing methods for analysis of oleic, petroselinic, and cis-vaccenic fatty acids by GC with respect to peak separation and accuracy, and it also provides information on the regiospecific distribution of the fatty acids. The method was applied to basil (Ocimum basilicum) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) seed oils. cis-Vaccenic, oleic, and linoleic acids were mainly distributed at the sn-2 position in basil seed oil, and higher proportions of linolenic, palmitic, and stearic acids were distributed at the sn-1(3) position than at the sn-2 position. In coriander seed oil, petroselinic acid was mainly distributed at the sn-1 (3) position, and both oleic and linoleic acids were mostly located at the sn-2 position, whereas palmitic, stearic, and cis-vaccenic acids were located only at the sn-1 (3) position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Destaillats
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, and Dairy Research Center (STELA), Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Destaillats F, Angers P, Wolff RL, Arul J. Regiospecific analysis of conifer seed triacylglycerols by gas-liquid chromatography with particular emphasis on delta5-olefinic acids. Lipids 2001; 36:1247-54. [PMID: 11795858 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-001-0839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Dibutyroyl derivatives of monoacylglycerols (DBMAG) from conifer seed oil triacylglycerols (TAG) were prepared by partial deacylation of TAG with ethylmagnesium bromide followed by diesterification with n-butyryl chloride. The resulting mixtures were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) with a 65% phenylmethyl silicon open tubular fused-silica capillary column operated under optimal conditions and separated according to both their fatty acid structures and their regiospecific distribution. Seed oils of 18 species from 5 conifer families (Pinaceae, Taxaceae, Cupressaceae, Cephalotaxaceae, and Podocarpaceae) were analyzed. The chromatograms showed a satisfactory resolution of DBMAG containing palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), taxoleic (cis-5,cis-9 18:2), oleic (cis-9 18:1), cis-vaccenic (cis-11 18:1), pinolenic (cis-5,cis-9,cis-12 18:3), linoleic (cis-9,cis-12 18:2), alpha-linolenic (cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 18:3), and an almost baseline resolution of DBMAG containing gondoic (cis-11 20:1), cis-5,cis-11 20:2, sciadonic (cis-5,cis-11,cis-14 20:3), dihomolinoleic (cis-11,cis-14 20:2), juniperonic (cis-5,cis-11,cis-14,cis-17 20:4), and dihomo-alphalinolenic (cis-11,cis-14,cis-17 20:3) acids. We have observed that results for Pinus pinaster and P. koraiensis seed oils obtained with this new simple method compared favorably with literature data established with other usual regiospecific analytical techniques. Delta5-olefinic acids are esterified mainly at the external positions of the glycerol backbone in all cases, in agreement with data obtained by other methodologies allowing validation of the GLC regiospecific method. To date, 45 gymnosperm species (mostly Coniferophytes) from 21 genera belonging to 9 families have been analyzed, all of them showing a definite enrichment of delta5-olefinic acids in the external positions of TAG. These fatty acids (FA), with one exception only, represent between approximately 2 and 8% of FA esterified to the internal positions. For some species, i.e., P. koraiensis and P. pinaster, this asymmetrical distribution was established by at least three analytical procedures and confirmed by stereospecific analysis of their seed TAG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Destaillats
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Dairy Research Center (STELA), Université Laval, Sainte Foy, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mercier J, Roussel D, Charles MT, Arul J. Systemic and Local Responses Associated with UV- and Pathogen-Induced Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Stored Carrot. Phytopathology 2000; 90:981-986. [PMID: 18944523 DOI: 10.1094/phyto.2000.90.9.981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The induction of resistance to Botrytis cinerea in carrot roots by UV radiation, a possible means for controlling storage diseases, was compared with systemic resistance induced by inoculation with the pathogen. UV radiation did not have any systemic effect, and disease resistance was induced only in tissues directly exposed to the radiation. Although UV radiation induced a local accumulation of 6-methoxymellein (6-MM), inoculation with B. cinerea caused 6-MM to accumulate systemically, away from the inoculation site. Because of amounts near or higher than the ED(50) (50% effective dose) for inhibiting B. cinerea found in both UV-treated and preinoculated roots at the time of challenge, 6-MM could be involved in both types of resistance. Freshly harvested carrots had a number of constitutive chitinases and beta-1,3-glucanases, which were not affected by UV radiation or inoculation. When challenged with B. cinerea, the induction of a 24-kDa chitinase was enhanced in UV-treated and preinoculated roots. Again, UV radiation had only a local effect in priming this chitinase response. Although UV- and pathogen-induced resistance in carrot may involve the same defenses, the responses are probably mediated differently, because UV radiation has an essentially local effect.
Collapse
|
44
|
Barka EA, Kalantari S, Makhlouf J, Arul J. Impact of UV-C irradiation on the cell wall-degrading enzymes during ripening of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) fruit. J Agric Food Chem 2000; 48:667-671. [PMID: 10725131 DOI: 10.1021/jf9906174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a hormic dose of UV-C (254 nm) on changes in fruit firmness and cell wall-degrading enzyme (CWDE) activity was determined using tomato fruit. Throughout the storage period, a decrease in firmness was jointly observed with an increase of the CWDE (polygalacturonase, pectin methyl esterase, cellulase, xylanase, beta-D-galactosidase, and protease) activity for all treatments, suggesting the involvement of these enzymes in the ripening process. However, the enhancement in the activity of the CWDE was significantly less in fruit subjected to the hormic dose of UV-C. This reduction may explain why irradiated fruit were firmer than control and consequently may explain how UV-C could delay the ripening and senescence process. We suggest that the CWDE are one of the targets of the UV-C, and by this action, irradiation contributed to a delay of the cell wall degradation and consequently retarded softening of the tomato fruit tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Barka
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Horticultural Research Center, Laval University, Sainte Foy, Quebec, G1K 7P4 Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Jacques H, Gascon A, Arul J, Boudreau A, Lavigne C, Bergeron J. Modified milk fat reduces plasma triacylglycerol concentrations in normolipidemic men compared with regular milk fat and nonhydrogenated margarine. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 70:983-91. [PMID: 10584042 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/70.6.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A modified milk fat with reduced cholesterol was developed by fractionation technology. OBJECTIVE The effect of this modified milk fat on the lipoprotein profile of 21 normolipidemic men was compared with that of regular milk fat and nonhydrogenated margarine. DESIGN A crossover design was used for the administration of the 3 experimental diets, which provided 13240 kJ as 16% protein, 51% carbohydrates, 33-34% lipids, and 21 g fiber/d. The ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat was 1.3:1 for the margarine diet and 0.3:1 for the milk-fat diets. The cholesterol content of the modified milk-fat and margarine diets was similar (248 and 254 mg/d, respectively), but was significantly higher (428 mg/d) for the regular milk-fat diet. RESULTS Modified and regular milk fats did not change plasma total and LDL cholesterol significantly, but margarine did (P < 0.01). Furthermore, modified milk fat maintained initial HDL(2)-cholesterol concentrations, but margarine reduced this variable significantly (P < 0.05). These results can be explained by the lower ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat in the modified and regular milk-fat diets than in the margarine diet. Men who ingested modified milk fat had significantly (P < 0.05) lower total and VLDL-triacylglycerol and VLDL-cholesterol concentrations than did those who ingested either regular milk fat or margarine. This may have been, in part, because of the lower intestinal fat absorption with modified milk fat than with regular milk fat and margarine arising from changes in the melting properties of milk fat with fractionation. CONCLUSION A reduction in plasma triacylglycerol concentrations after the consumption of modified milk fat may prevent the onset of hypertriacylglycerolemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Jacques
- Département des Sciences des Aliments et de Nutrition, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Tano K, Arul J, Doyon G, Castaigne F. Atmospheric Composition and Quality of Fresh Mushrooms in Modified Atmosphere Packages As Affected by Storage Temperature Abuse. J Food Sci 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1999.tb12285.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
49
|
Bhaskara Reddy MV, Arul J, Angers P, Couture L. Chitosan treatment of wheat seeds induces resistance to Fusarium graminearum and improves seed quality. J Agric Food Chem 1999; 47:1208-1216. [PMID: 10552439 DOI: 10.1021/jf981225k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan treatment (2-8 mg/mL) of wheat seeds significantly improved seed germination to recommended seed certification standards (>85%) and vigor at concentrations >4 mg/mL, in two cultivars of spring wheat (Norseman and Max), by controlling seed-borne Fusarium graminearum infection. The germination was <80% in the control and >85% in benomyl- and chitosan-treated seeds. Seed-borne F. graminearum was reduced to >50% at higher chitosan treatments compared to the control. Synthesis of phenolic acids was stimulated in primary leaves following chitosan treatment, and levels of these phenolic acids, especially ferulic acid, increased significantly with increasing chitosan concentration. Lignin content of primary leaves also showed a similar pattern. The synthesis of precursors of lignin such as p-coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic acids and phenolic acids having antimicrobial activity such as benzoic, p-coumaric, caffeic, protocatechuic, chlorogenic, ferulic, and gallic acids was also stimulated by chitosan treatment. The induction of phenolic acids and lignin was significantly lower in cv. Max compared to Norseman. Chitosan also inhibited fungal transmission to the primary roots of germinating seedlings. Results suggest that chitosan controlled seed-borne F. graminearum infection and increased the resistance in seedlings by stimulating the accumulation of phenolics and lignin. Thus, chitosan has a potential for improvement of seed quality and enhancement of crop yields as well as increased value of stored grains for food and feed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M V Bhaskara Reddy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Horticultural Research Center, Laval University, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lencki RW, Smink N, Snelting H, Arul J. Increasing short-chain fatty acid yield during lipase hydrolysis of a butterfat fraction with periodic aqueous extraction. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-998-0311-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Lencki
- ; Department of Food Science; University of Guelph; N1G 2W1 Guelph Ontario Canada
| | - Natasja Smink
- ; Department of Food Science; University of Guelph; N1G 2W1 Guelph Ontario Canada
| | - Heleen Snelting
- ; Department of Food Science; University of Guelph; N1G 2W1 Guelph Ontario Canada
| | - Joseph Arul
- ; Département de sciences et technologie des aliments; Université Laval; G1K 7P4 Ste.-Foy Québec Canada
| |
Collapse
|