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Hassabo M, Mc Cluskey P, Browne J, Ntlholang O. A survey of non-consultant hospital doctors' perspectives, knowledge, and practices toward delirium in a large Irish hospital. Ir J Med Sci 2024:10.1007/s11845-024-03661-1. [PMID: 38489126 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-024-03661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delirium is a common condition in hospitals, particularly among older people. This refers to a dramatic decline in mental capabilities, which is marked by diminished concentration and consciousness. AIM The purpose of this study was to assess the views, knowledge, and behavior of non-consultant hospital doctors in managing delirium in a large Irish hospital. METHODS Questionnaires were administered to 28 healthcare professionals from various departments according to Davis and MacLullich (Age Ageing 38(5):559-563, 2009). It was conducted between July and September 2023, with an emphasis on determining the prevalence rate, diagnostic criteria, and management strategies for delirium. RESULTS The study established that the majority of respondents recognized the importance of delirium, but there appears to be a gap in the practical management of this clinical syndrome. Although many doctors agreed that delirium was significant, most lacked confidence in its diagnosis and management. The use of standardized assessment tools, such as the 4AT, was limited. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the disparity between what is known and practiced by hospital doctors regarding delirium care. This implies increased training for delirium management with frequent use of assessment tools and ongoing education aimed at enhancing patient outcomes in cases of delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hassabo
- Department of General Medicine/Acute Medicine, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Patrick Mc Cluskey
- Department of General Medicine/Acute Medicine, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Joseph Browne
- Department of General Medicine/Acute Medicine, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Ontefetse Ntlholang
- Department of General Medicine/Acute Medicine, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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2
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Onyango E, Browne J, Fulchand S, Kilgour J. Evaluating the publication practices of medical students: A mixed-methods study. Med Teach 2024; 46:252-257. [PMID: 37776891 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2023.2244661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Engagement in research and publication helps medical students develop the skills to improve healthcare through evidence-based medicine. The qualitative evidence-base for the medical student experience of publishing is limited. This study aims to explore medical students' publication practices and understand their experiences of research and publication. METHODS The study is based on a mixed-methods convergent design. A survey questionnaire was distributed to medical students in UK medical schools by social media and email communication. We recruited volunteer participants through the survey and interviewed a sample whilst the survey was open. We purposively selected the sample to ensure representation from research-intensive and other universities. RESULTS Survey results indicated that 21.3% (27/127) of respondents had a publication. The most common publication type was a conference abstract. The main motivation to publish was career progression and the main barriers were lack of opportunity or support to submit an article. There was no significant association between attending a research-intensive university and submitting an article. The interviews revealed that contributing to academic advancement was also a motivation to publish. Participants expressed receiving differing levels of support from supervisors and their institutions. CONCLUSIONS Data from the interviews suggested that the most commonly perceived barriers identified in the survey (lack of opportunity and support to conduct and publish research) may vary in prevalence between different medical schools. Further research is required to explore how different types of support offered by medical schools affect student engagement in publishing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Onyango
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - J Browne
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - S Fulchand
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - J Kilgour
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Browne J, Chipps KA, Schmidt K, Schatz H, Ahn S, Pain SD, Montes F, Ong WJ, Greife U, Allen J, Bardayan DW, Blackmon JC, Blankstein D, Cha S, Chae KY, Febbraro M, Hall MR, Jones KL, Kontos A, Meisel Z, O'Malley PD, Schmitt KT, Smith K, Smith MS, Thompson P, Toomey R, Vostinar M, Walter D. First Direct Measurement Constraining the ^{34}Ar(α,p)^{37}K Reaction Cross Section for Mixed Hydrogen and Helium Burning in Accreting Neutron Stars. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:212701. [PMID: 37295108 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.212701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rate of the final step in the astrophysical αp process, the ^{34}Ar(α,p)^{37}K reaction, suffers from large uncertainties due to a lack of experimental data, despite having a considerable impact on the observable light curves of x-ray bursts and the composition of the ashes of hydrogen and helium burning on accreting neutron stars. We present the first direct measurement constraining the ^{34}Ar(α,p)^{37}K reaction cross section, using the Jet Experiments in Nuclear Structure and Astrophysics gas jet target. The combined cross section for the ^{34}Ar,Cl(α,p)^{37}K,Ar reaction is found to agree well with Hauser-Feshbach predictions. The ^{34}Ar(α,2p)^{36}Ar cross section, which can be exclusively attributed to the ^{34}Ar beam component, also agrees to within the typical uncertainties quoted for statistical models. This indicates the applicability of the statistical model for predicting astrophysical (α,p) reaction rates in this part of the αp process, in contrast to earlier findings from indirect reaction studies indicating orders-of-magnitude discrepancies. This removes a significant uncertainty in models of hydrogen and helium burning on accreting neutron stars.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Browne
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA-CEE), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - K A Chipps
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Konrad Schmidt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA-CEE), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - H Schatz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA-CEE), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - S Ahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA-CEE), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - S D Pain
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - F Montes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA-CEE), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - W J Ong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA-CEE), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - U Greife
- Physics Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401
| | - J Allen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - D W Bardayan
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA-CEE), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - J C Blackmon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - D Blankstein
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - S Cha
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - K Y Chae
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - M Febbraro
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - M R Hall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - K L Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - A Kontos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA-CEE), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Z Meisel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA-CEE), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - P D O'Malley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - K T Schmitt
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - K Smith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - M S Smith
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - P Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - R Toomey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - M Vostinar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - D Walter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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Johnson L, White P, Jeevan R, Browne J, Gulliver-Clarke C, O’Donoghue J, Mohiuddin S, Hollingworth W, Fairbrother P, MacKenzie M, Holcombe C, Potter S. P185 Long-term impact of radiotherapy on the clinical and patient-reported outcomes of immediate breast reconstruction in a UK population-based cohort study. Breast 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(23)00303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
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Dunbar P, Barry F, Browne J, O'Connor L. Determinants of regulatory compliance in health and social care services: a systematic review. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac131.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The delivery of high quality health and social care services is a fundamental goal for health systems worldwide. Quality is variable in services and settings. One response to variation in quality is a regulatory framework that looks to set minimum standards that are enforced by an independent public authority. This systematic review seeks to identify and describe determinants of regulatory compliance in health and social care services.
Methods
Systematic searches were carried out on five electronic databases and grey literature sources. Titles and abstracts were screened by two reviewers independently. Determinants evaluated in studies were identified, extracted and allocated to constructs in the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The included studies were quality appraised by two reviewers independently. The results were synthesised narratively under each CFIR domain.
Results
The search yielded 6,515 articles for screening, of which 148 were included. Most studies were quantitative designs focused on specific exposures (e.g. staffing levels, size, for-profit status). Qualitative studies were sparse, limiting investigation of the processes underlying regulatory compliance. Most of the determinants identified fit within the inner and outer setting domains of the CFIR, many with mixed findings in terms of an association with compliance. There were fewer determinants identified in the intervention characteristics, characteristics of individuals, and process domains of the CFIR.
Conclusions
The literature in this field focuses on the broader concept of quality and appears to neglect the more nuanced issues surrounding the successful implementation of regulatory standards i.e. compliance. A number of gaps, particularly in terms of qualitative work focussed on the mechanism involved in implementing regulations, remain in the literature and further research in this area is needed to provide a clearer picture.
Key messages
• No clear determinants of regulatory compliance were identified, suggesting it is complex and context specific.
• There are gaps in the literature around the underlying processes which contribute to the achievement of compliance that warrant research attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dunbar
- Regulation Directorate, Health Information and Quality Authority , Cork, Ireland
| | - F Barry
- School of Public Health, University College Cork , Cork, Ireland
| | - J Browne
- School of Public Health, University College Cork , Cork, Ireland
| | - L O'Connor
- Regulation Directorate, Health Information and Quality Authority , Cork, Ireland
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Flattery A, McKiernan F, Browne J, Gray J, Zaid T, O'Connor J, Zintl A. The prevalence and distribution of Anaplasma phagocytophilum genotypes in Ixodes ricinus nymphs collected from farm- and woodland sites in Ireland. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2022; 13:101928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.101928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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NandyMazumdar M, Paranjapye A, Yin S, Browne J, Leir S, Harris A. 653: BACH1, the master regulator of oxidative stress, has a dual effect on CFTR expression. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)02076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hallam S, Lotay G, Gade A, Doherty DT, Belarge J, Bender PC, Brown BA, Browne J, Catford WN, Elman B, Estradé A, Hall MR, Longfellow B, Lunderberg E, Montes F, Moukaddam M, O'Malley P, Ong WJ, Schatz H, Seweryniak D, Schmidt K, Timofeyuk NK, Weisshaar D, Zegers RGT. Exploiting Isospin Symmetry to Study the Role of Isomers in Stellar Environments. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:042701. [PMID: 33576674 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.042701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Proton capture on the excited isomeric state of ^{26}Al strongly influences the abundance of ^{26}Mg ejected in explosive astronomical events and, as such, plays a critical role in determining the initial content of radiogenic ^{26}Al in presolar grains. This reaction also affects the temperature range for thermal equilibrium between the ground and isomeric levels. We present a novel technique, which exploits the isospin symmetry of the nuclear force, to address the long-standing challenge of determining proton-capture rates on excited nuclear levels. Such a technique has in-built tests that strongly support its veracity and, for the first time, we have experimentally constrained the strengths of resonances that dominate the astrophysical ^{26m}Al(p,γ)^{27}Si reaction. These constraints demonstrate that the rate is at least a factor ∼8 lower than previously expected, indicating an increase in the stellar production of ^{26}Mg and a possible need to reinvestigate sensitivity studies involving the thermal equilibration of ^{26}Al.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hallam
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - G Lotay
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - A Gade
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D T Doherty
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - J Belarge
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - P C Bender
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B A Brown
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Browne
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - W N Catford
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - B Elman
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Estradé
- Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - M R Hall
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - B Longfellow
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - E Lunderberg
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - F Montes
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M Moukaddam
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - P O'Malley
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - W-J Ong
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H Schatz
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Seweryniak
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - K Schmidt
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - N K Timofeyuk
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - D Weisshaar
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - R G T Zegers
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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9
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McDermott A, Kerr G, Browne J. Association Between Clinical Frailty Scale Score and Length of Stay in a Complex Discharge Unit. Ir Med J 2021; 114:238. [PMID: 37555922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
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Ong WJ, Brown EF, Browne J, Ahn S, Childers K, Crider BP, Dombos AC, Gupta SS, Hitt GW, Langer C, Lewis R, Liddick SN, Lyons S, Meisel Z, Möller P, Montes F, Naqvi F, Pereira J, Prokop C, Richman D, Schatz H, Schmidt K, Spyrou A. β Decay of ^{61}V and its Role in Cooling Accreted Neutron Star Crusts. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:262701. [PMID: 33449748 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.262701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The interpretation of observations of cooling neutron star crusts in quasipersistent x-ray transients is affected by predictions of the strength of neutrino cooling via crust Urca processes. The strength of crust Urca neutrino cooling depends sensitively on the electron-capture and β-decay ground-state-to-ground-state transition strengths of neutron-rich rare isotopes. Nuclei with a mass number of A=61 are predicted to be among the most abundant in accreted crusts, and the last remaining experimentally undetermined ground-state-to-ground-state transition strength was the β decay of ^{61}V. This Letter reports the first experimental determination of this transition strength, a ground-state branching of 8.1_{-3.1}^{+4.0}%, corresponding to a log ft value of 5.5_{-0.2}^{+0.2}. This result was achieved through the measurement of the β-delayed γ rays using the total absorption spectrometer SuN and the measurement of the β-delayed neutron branch using the neutron long counter system NERO at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University. This method helps to mitigate the impact of the pandemonium effect in extremely neutron-rich nuclei on experimental results. The result implies that A=61 nuclei do not provide the strongest cooling in accreted neutron star crusts as expected by some predictions, but that their cooling is still larger compared to most other mass numbers. Only nuclei with mass numbers 31, 33, and 55 are predicted to be cooling more strongly. However, the theoretical predictions for the transition strengths of these nuclei are not consistently accurate enough to draw conclusions on crust cooling. With the experimental approach developed in this work, all relevant transitions are within reach to be studied in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-J Ong
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - E F Brown
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics-Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Browne
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Ahn
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics-Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Cylotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - K Childers
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B P Crider
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - A C Dombos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics-Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S S Gupta
- Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar (Ropar), Punjab 140 001, India
| | - G W Hitt
- Department of Physics and Engineering Science, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, South Carolina 29528, USA
| | - C Langer
- Institute for Applied Physics, Goethe-University Frankfurt a. M., Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - R Lewis
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S N Liddick
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Lyons
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics-Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Z Meisel
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics-Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio Univeristy, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - P Möller
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics-Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - F Montes
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics-Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - F Naqvi
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics-Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics & Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - J Pereira
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics-Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C Prokop
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Richman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - H Schatz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics-Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - K Schmidt
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics-Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Spyrou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics-Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Izquierdo M, Browne J, Rodriguez I, Tresserra F, Garcia M, Ara C, Baulies S, Pascual M, Fabregas R. Visual versus automatic measurement of mammographic breast density (MBD). Eur J Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(20)30859-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hurley E, McHugh S, Browne J, Vaughan L, Normand C. A multistage mixed methods study protocol to evaluate the implementation and impact of a reconfiguration of acute medicine in Ireland's hospitals. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:766. [PMID: 31665004 PMCID: PMC6819558 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To address deficits in the delivery of acute services in Ireland, the National Acute Medicine Programme (NAMP) was established in 2010 to optimise the management of acutely ill medical patients in the hospital setting, and to ensure their supported discharge to primary and community-based care. NAMP aims to reduce inappropriate hospital admissions, reduce length of hospital stay and ensure patients receive timely treatment in the most appropriate setting. It does so primarily via the development of Acute Medical Assessment Units (AMAUs) for the rapid assessment and management of medical patients presenting to hospitals, as well as streamlining the care of those admitted for further care. This study will examine the impact of this programme on patient care and identify the factors influencing its implementation and operation. METHODS We will use a multistage mixed methods evaluation with an explanatory sequential design. Firstly, we will develop a logic model to describe the programme's outcomes, its components and the mechanisms of change by which it expects to achieve these outcomes. Then we will assess implementation by measuring utilisation of the Units and comparing the organisational functions implemented to that recommended by the NAMP model of care. Using comparative case study research, we will identify the factors which have influenced the programme's implementation and its operation using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to guide data collection and analysis. This will be followed by an estimation of the impact of the programme on reducing overnight emergency admissions for potentially avoidable medical conditions, and reducing length of hospital stay of acute medical patients. Lastly, data from each stage will be integrated to examine how the programme's outcomes can be explained by the level of implementation. DISCUSSION This formative evaluation will enable us to examine whether the NAMP is improving patient care and importantly draw conclusions on how it is doing so. It will identify the factors that contribute to how well the programme is being implemented in the real-world. Lessons learnt will be instrumental in sustaining this programme as well as planning, implementing, and assessing other transformative programmes, especially in the acute care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hurley
- Centre for Health Policy and Management, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - S McHugh
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - J Browne
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - C Normand
- Centre for Health Policy and Management, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Wolf C, Langer C, Montes F, Pereira J, Ong WJ, Poxon-Pearson T, Ahn S, Ayoub S, Baumann T, Bazin D, Bender PC, Brown BA, Browne J, Crawford H, Cyburt RH, Deleeuw E, Elman B, Fiebiger S, Gade A, Gastis P, Lipschutz S, Longfellow B, Meisel Z, Nunes FM, Perdikakis G, Reifarth R, Richter WA, Schatz H, Schmidt K, Schmitt J, Sullivan C, Titus R, Weisshaar D, Woods PJ, Zamora JC, Zegers RGT. Constraining the Neutron Star Compactness: Extraction of the ^{23}Al(p,γ) Reaction Rate for the rp Process. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:232701. [PMID: 31298878 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.232701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ^{23}Al(p,γ)^{24}Si reaction is among the most important reactions driving the energy generation in type-I x-ray bursts. However, the present reaction-rate uncertainty limits constraints on neutron star properties that can be achieved with burst model-observation comparisons. Here, we present a novel technique for constraining this important reaction by combining the GRETINA array with the neutron detector LENDA coupled to the S800 spectrograph at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. The ^{23}Al(d,n) reaction was used to populate the astrophysically important states in ^{24}Si. This enables a measurement in complete kinematics for extracting all relevant inputs necessary to calculate the reaction rate. For the first time, a predicted close-lying doublet of a 2_{2}^{+} and (4_{1}^{+},0_{2}^{+}) state in ^{24}Si was disentangled, finally resolving conflicting results from two previous measurements. Moreover, it was possible to extract spectroscopic factors using GRETINA and LENDA simultaneously. This new technique may be used to constrain other important reaction rates for various astrophysical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wolf
- Institute for Applied Physics, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - C Langer
- Institute for Applied Physics, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - F Montes
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Pereira
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - W-J Ong
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Poxon-Pearson
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Ahn
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Ayoub
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Baumann
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Bazin
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - P C Bender
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B A Brown
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Browne
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H Crawford
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R H Cyburt
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - E Deleeuw
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B Elman
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Fiebiger
- Institute for Applied Physics, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A Gade
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - P Gastis
- JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - S Lipschutz
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B Longfellow
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Z Meisel
- JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Institute of Nuclear & Particle Physics, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - F M Nunes
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - G Perdikakis
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - R Reifarth
- Institute for Applied Physics, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - W A Richter
- Department of Physics, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- iThemba LABS, P.O. Box 722, Somerset West 7129, South Africa
| | - H Schatz
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - K Schmidt
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Schmitt
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C Sullivan
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - R Titus
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Weisshaar
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - P J Woods
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - J C Zamora
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - R G T Zegers
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Izquierdo M, Browne J, Garcia S, Tresserra F, Garcia M, Baulies S, Ara C, Pascual M, Fabregas R. Mammographic breast density: visual and automated measurement, its role in tumor size and prognostic factors. Breast 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(19)30310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Kurz E, Davis D, Browne J. 'I felt like I could do anything!' Writing the phenomenon of 'transcendent birth' through autoethnography. Midwifery 2018; 68:23-29. [PMID: 30342305 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discuss the concept of 'transcendent birth', an as yet poorly articulated and under recognised psychosocial wellness phenomenon of childbirth. DESIGN an auto-ethnographical examination of the primary authors' journaled experiences as a student midwife and childbearing woman. SETTING three maternity care units in South Eastern Australia as well as the home of the primary author. FINDINGS The phenomenon of transcendent birth is linked with physiologic birth. Maternity care can hinder or facilitate physiologic birth, and therefore transcendent birth. KEY CONCLUSIONS Transcendent birth is more likely in maternity care models which value the childbearing woman and physiologic birth. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Women's access to transcendent birth is demarcated by women's position in society, cultural knowledge of transcendent birth and the valuing of transcendent birth as a maternity care outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Kurz
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, University Drive, Belconnen, ACT 2617, Australia.
| | - D Davis
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra and ACT Government Health Directorate, ACT, Australia
| | - J Browne
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Kerr G, Murphy N, Kelly G, Connolly N, Taylor G, Browne J. 199Getting up, Getting Dressed, Getting active – Bringing the #EndPJparalysis Initiative to a Complex Discharge Unit. Age Ageing 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afy140.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gieles N, Tankink J, van Midde M, Düker J, van der Lans P, Wessels M, Bloemenkamp K, Bonsel G, van der Akker T, Goossen S, Rijken M, Browne J. 1.11-P1Maternal and perinatal outcomes in refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in Europe: a systematic review. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky048.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Gieles
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center For Health Sciences And Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Tankink
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center For Health Sciences And Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M van Midde
- Médecins du Monde, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Düker
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center For Health Sciences And Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P van der Lans
- Gynaecologists GYCON cooperation, Almelo, Hengelo, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - M Wessels
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center For Health Sciences And Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - K Bloemenkamp
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G Bonsel
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T van der Akker
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - S Goossen
- Netherlands Association of Community Health Services, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Rijken
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center For Health Sciences And Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Browne
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center For Health Sciences And Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Trousdell J, O’Broin C, Hannigan O, Browne J, Byrne D, Kieran J. 297‘Flu and Far Between’ - Evaluation of Influenza Vaccination among Eligible Patients with Prolonged In-hospital Stay. Age Ageing 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afx144.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ryan S, Browne J. 209The Introduction of A Falls Huddle in an Acute Medical Admissions Unit. Age Ageing 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afx144.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mag Uidhir F, Ryan S, Byrne D, Browne J. 268A Review of Medication in Inpatient Fallers in the Acute Hospital. Age Ageing 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afx144.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mag Uidhir F, Ryan S, Byrne D, Browne J. 270Sedatives Usage in Inpatient Fallers in an Acute Hospital. Age Ageing 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afx144.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mulpeter R, Petch S, Miodrag A, Pathak O, Browne J. 171THE STUDY HIGHLIGHTING THE INCONSISTENCIES IN TRAINING AND EDUCATION OF STOOL ASSESSMENT (SHITESA) REVISITED. Age Ageing 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afw159.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Quigley D, Fitzgerald N, Rothwell D, Abdelhaq R, Kevans D, Browne J. 144LOOK BEFORE YOU SCOPE: OUTCOMES OF COLONOSCOPIES IN OLDER ADULTS BEING REFERRED WITH IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA. Age Ageing 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afw159.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mahon J, Duffy R, Power C, Fallon N, Steen G, Browne J, Casey MC, Walsh JB, McCarroll K. 101SAD BONES: SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS AND BONE HEALTH IN AN ELDERLY IRISH POPULATION. Age Ageing 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afw159.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Brien EO, Cheallaigh CN, Akasheh N, Byrne D, Kennedy B, Kieran J, Kidney R, Browne J. 268DEVELOPMENT OF AN ELECTRONIC FRAILTY INDEX USING ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD DATA AS A PREDICTOR OF OUTCOMES IN ACUTE ADMISSIONS. Age Ageing 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afw159.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Lynch B, Fitzgerald AP, Healy O, Buckley C, Corcoran P, Browne J. P105 Population mortality rates, case fatality ratios and the reconfiguration of services: regional and longitudinal variation in Ireland 2002–2012. J Epidemiol Community Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208064.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tang X, Bucher B, Fang X, Heger A, Almaraz-Calderon S, Alongi A, Ayangeakaa A, Beard M, Best A, Browne J, Cahillane C, Couder M, deBoer R, Kontos A, Lamm L, Li Y, Long A, Lu W, Lyons S, Notani M, Patel D, Paul N, Pignatari M, Roberts A, Robertson D, Smith K, Stech E, Talwar R, Tan W, Wiescher M, Woosley S. First direct measurement of 12C( 12C,n) 23Mg at stellar energies. EPJ Web of Conferences 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201610904009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Meisel Z, George S, Ahn S, Bazin D, Brown BA, Browne J, Carpino JF, Chung H, Cole AL, Cyburt RH, Estradé A, Famiano M, Gade A, Langer C, Matoš M, Mittig W, Montes F, Morrissey DJ, Pereira J, Schatz H, Schatz J, Scott M, Shapira D, Smith K, Stevens J, Tan W, Tarasov O, Towers S, Wimmer K, Winkelbauer JR, Yurkon J, Zegers RGT. Mass Measurement of 56Sc Reveals a Small A = 56 Odd-Even Mass Staggering, Implying a Cooler Accreted Neutron Star Crust. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:162501. [PMID: 26550869 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.162501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present the mass excesses of (52-57)Sc, obtained from recent time-of-flight nuclear mass measurements at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University. The masses of 56Sc and 57Sc were determined for the first time with atomic mass excesses of -24.85(59)((-54)(+0)) MeV and -21.0(1.3) MeV, respectively, where the asymmetric uncertainty for 56Sc was included due to possible contamination from a long-lived isomer. The 56Sc mass indicates a small odd-even mass staggering in the A = 56 mass chain towards the neutron drip line, significantly deviating from trends predicted by the global FRDM mass model and favoring trends predicted by the UNEDF0 and UNEDF1 density functional calculations. Together with new shell-model calculations of the electron-capture strength function of 56Sc, our results strongly reduce uncertainties in model calculations of the heating and cooling at the 56Ti electron-capture layer in the outer crust of accreting neutron stars. We find that, in contrast to previous studies, neither strong neutrino cooling nor strong heating occurs in this layer. We conclude that Urca cooling in the outer crusts of accreting neutron stars that exhibit superbursts or high temperature steady-state burning, which are predicted to be rich in A≈56 nuclei, is considerably weaker than predicted. Urca cooling must instead be dominated by electron capture on the small amounts of adjacent odd-A nuclei contained in the superburst and high temperature steady-state burning ashes. This may explain the absence of strong crust Urca cooling inferred from the observed cooling light curve of the transiently accreting x-ray source MAXI J0556-332.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Meisel
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S George
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Ahn
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Bazin
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B A Brown
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Browne
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J F Carpino
- Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
| | - H Chung
- Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
| | - A L Cole
- Physics Department, Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49006, USA
| | - R H Cyburt
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Estradé
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, EH8 9YL Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Famiano
- Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
| | - A Gade
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C Langer
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M Matoš
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - W Mittig
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - F Montes
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D J Morrissey
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Pereira
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H Schatz
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Schatz
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M Scott
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Shapira
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - K Smith
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J Stevens
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - W Tan
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - O Tarasov
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Towers
- Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
| | - K Wimmer
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J R Winkelbauer
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Yurkon
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - R G T Zegers
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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O’Caoimh R, Sweeney C, Hynes H, McGlade C, Cornally N, Daly E, Weathers E, Coffey A, FitzGerald C, Healy E, O’Connell E, O’Keeffe G, O'Sullivan R, Timmons S, Foley T, Creed E, Hynes M, Twomey A, Sammon M, Cullen D, Mullan E, Orfila F, Paúl C, Clarnette R, Campbell S, Lupari M, McCarthy S, Sahm L, Byrne S, O’Leary C, O'Shea S, O’Donoghue J, McAdoo J, Kearney P, Galvin P, O’Byrne-Maguire I, Browne J, Kenny R, O’Herlihy E, O’Toole P, McFarlane A, Deery M, Bond R, Martin J, Shorten G, Molloy W. COLLaboration on AGEing-COLLAGE: Ireland's three star reference site for the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA). Eur Geriatr Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Healy O, Buckley CM, Droog E, Foley C, McHugh S, Browne J. PP11 Analysis of emergency and urgent care system policy in ireland, policy coherence and implementation. Br J Soc Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2015-206256.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bucher B, Fang X, Tang X, Tan W, Almaraz-Calderon S, Alongi A, Ayangeakaa A, Beard M, Best A, Browne J, Cahillane C, Couder M, Dahlstrom E, Davies P, deBoer R, Kontos A, Lamm L, Long A, Lu W, Lyons S, Ma C, Moncion A, Notani M, Patel D, Paul N, Pignatari M, Roberts A, Robertson D, Smith K, Stech E, Talwar R, Thomas S, Wiescher M. Constraining the 12C+ 12C fusion cross section for astrophysics. EPJ Web of Conferences 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20159303009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Meisel Z, George S, Ahn S, Browne J, Bazin D, Brown BA, Carpino JF, Chung H, Cyburt RH, Estradé A, Famiano M, Gade A, Langer C, Matoš M, Mittig W, Montes F, Morrissey DJ, Pereira J, Schatz H, Schatz J, Scott M, Shapira D, Smith K, Stevens J, Tan W, Tarasov O, Towers S, Wimmer K, Winkelbauer JR, Yurkon J, Zegers RGT. Mass measurements demonstrate a strong N=28 shell gap in argon. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:022501. [PMID: 25635542 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.022501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present results from recent time-of-flight nuclear mass measurements at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University. We report the first mass measurements of ^{48}Ar and ^{49}Ar and find atomic mass excesses of -22.28(31) MeV and -17.8(1.1) MeV, respectively. These masses provide strong evidence for the closed shell nature of neutron number N=28 in argon, which is therefore the lowest even-Z element exhibiting the N=28 closed shell. The resulting trend in binding-energy differences, which probes the strength of the N=28 shell, compares favorably with shell-model calculations in the sd-pf shell using SDPF-U and SDPF-MU Hamiltonians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Meisel
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Michigan, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 Michigan, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 Michigan, USA
| | - S George
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Michigan, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 Michigan, USA and Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Ahn
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Michigan, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 Michigan, USA
| | - J Browne
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Michigan, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 Michigan, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 Michigan, USA
| | - D Bazin
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Michigan, USA
| | - B A Brown
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Michigan, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 Michigan, USA
| | - J F Carpino
- Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, 49008 Michigan, USA
| | - H Chung
- Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, 49008 Michigan, USA
| | - R H Cyburt
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Michigan, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 Michigan, USA
| | - A Estradé
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, EH8 9YL Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Famiano
- Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, 49008 Michigan, USA
| | - A Gade
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Michigan, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 Michigan, USA
| | - C Langer
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Michigan, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 Michigan, USA
| | - M Matoš
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 70803 Louisiana, USA
| | - W Mittig
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Michigan, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 Michigan, USA
| | - F Montes
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Michigan, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 Michigan, USA
| | - D J Morrissey
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Michigan, USA and Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 Michigan, USA
| | - J Pereira
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Michigan, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 Michigan, USA
| | - H Schatz
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Michigan, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 Michigan, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 Michigan, USA
| | - J Schatz
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Michigan, USA
| | - M Scott
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Michigan, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 Michigan, USA
| | - D Shapira
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, 37831 Tennessee, USA
| | - K Smith
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 Michigan, USA and Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, 46556 Indiana, USA
| | - J Stevens
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Michigan, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 Michigan, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 Michigan, USA
| | - W Tan
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, 46556 Indiana, USA
| | - O Tarasov
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Michigan, USA
| | - S Towers
- Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, 49008 Michigan, USA
| | - K Wimmer
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Michigan, USA
| | - J R Winkelbauer
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Michigan, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 Michigan, USA
| | - J Yurkon
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Michigan, USA
| | - R G T Zegers
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Michigan, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 Michigan, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 Michigan, USA
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Ferris M, Nichols A, Stevenson F, Newman M, Shepherd S, Hobbs L, Browne J, Khadjeesari Z. PR51 ‘Befriend Your Boobs’ (BYB): an educational intervention in breast cancer risk modification and cancer prevention in Barnet's Schools, North-West London. Breast 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(14)70061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Langer C, Montes F, Aprahamian A, Bardayan DW, Bazin D, Brown BA, Browne J, Crawford H, Cyburt RH, Domingo-Pardo C, Gade A, George S, Hosmer P, Keek L, Kontos A, Lee IY, Lemasson A, Lunderberg E, Maeda Y, Matos M, Meisel Z, Noji S, Nunes FM, Nystrom A, Perdikakis G, Pereira J, Quinn SJ, Recchia F, Schatz H, Scott M, Siegl K, Simon A, Smith M, Spyrou A, Stevens J, Stroberg SR, Weisshaar D, Wheeler J, Wimmer K, Zegers RGT. Determining the rp-process flow through 56Ni: resonances in 57Cu(p,γ)58Zn identified with GRETINA. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:032502. [PMID: 25083636 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.032502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An approach is presented to experimentally constrain previously unreachable (p, γ) reaction rates on nuclei far from stability in the astrophysical rp process. Energies of all critical resonances in the (57)Cu(p,γ)(58)Zn reaction are deduced by populating states in (58)Zn with a (d, n) reaction in inverse kinematics at 75 MeV/u, and detecting γ-ray-recoil coincidences with the state-of-the-art γ-ray tracking array GRETINA and the S800 spectrograph at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. The results reduce the uncertainty in the (57)Cu(p,γ) reaction rate by several orders of magnitude. The effective lifetime of (56)Ni, an important waiting point in the rp process in x-ray bursts, can now be determined entirely from experimentally constrained reaction rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Langer
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - F Montes
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Aprahamian
- Department of Physics and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - D W Bardayan
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D Bazin
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B A Brown
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Browne
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H Crawford
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R H Cyburt
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | | | - A Gade
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S George
- Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - P Hosmer
- Department of Physics, Hillsdale College, Hillsdale, Michigan 49242, USA
| | - L Keek
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Kontos
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - I-Y Lee
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Lemasson
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - E Lunderberg
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Y Maeda
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - M Matos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-4001, USA
| | - Z Meisel
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Noji
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - F M Nunes
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Nystrom
- Department of Physics and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - G Perdikakis
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - J Pereira
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S J Quinn
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - F Recchia
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H Schatz
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M Scott
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - K Siegl
- Department of Physics and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - A Simon
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M Smith
- Department of Physics and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - A Spyrou
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Stevens
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S R Stroberg
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Weisshaar
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Wheeler
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - K Wimmer
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - R G T Zegers
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Langer C, Montes F, Aprahamian A, Bardayan DW, Bazin D, Brown B, Browne J, Crawford H, Cyburt R, Domingo-Pardo C, Gade A, George S, Hosmer P, Keek L, Kontos A, Lee IY, Lemasson A, Lunderberg E, Maeda Y, Matos M, Meisel Z, Noji S, Nystrom A, Perdikakis G, Pereira J, Quinn S, Recchia F, Schatz H, Scott M, Siegl K, Simon A, Smith M, Spyrou A, Stevens J, Stroberg R, Weisshaar D, Wheeler J, Wimmer K, Zegers R. Measurement of astrophysically important excitation energies of 58Zn with GRETINA. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146607013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Loveday HP, Wilson JA, Pratt RJ, Golsorkhi M, Tingle A, Bak A, Browne J, Prieto J, Wilcox M, UK Department of Health. epic3: national evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections in NHS hospitals in England. J Hosp Infect 2014; 86 Suppl 1:S1-70. [PMID: 24330862 PMCID: PMC7114876 DOI: 10.1016/s0195-6701(13)60012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 655] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
National evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections (HCAI) in National Health Service (NHS) hospitals in England were originally commissioned by the Department of Health and developed during 1998-2000 by a nurse-led multi-professional team of researchers and specialist clinicians. Following extensive consultation, they were first published in January 2001(1) and updated in 2007.(2) A cardinal feature of evidence-based guidelines is that they are subject to timely review in order that new research evidence and technological advances can be identified, appraised and, if shown to be effective for the prevention of HCAI, incorporated into amended guidelines. Periodically updating the evidence base and guideline recommendations is essential in order to maintain their validity and authority. The Department of Health commissioned a review of new evidence and we have updated the evidence base for making infection prevention and control recommendations. A critical assessment of the updated evidence indicated that the epic2 guidelines published in 2007 remain robust, relevant and appropriate, but some guideline recommendations required adjustments to enhance clarity and a number of new recommendations were required. These have been clearly identified in the text. In addition, the synopses of evidence underpinning the guideline recommendations have been updated. These guidelines (epic3) provide comprehensive recommendations for preventing HCAI in hospital and other acute care settings based on the best currently available evidence. National evidence-based guidelines are broad principles of best practice that need to be integrated into local practice guidelines and audited to reduce variation in practice and maintain patient safety. Clinically effective infection prevention and control practice is an essential feature of patient protection. By incorporating these guidelines into routine daily clinical practice, patient safety can be enhanced and the risk of patients acquiring an infection during episodes of health care in NHS hospitals in England can be minimised.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Loveday
- Richard Wells Research Centre, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London (London).
| | - J A Wilson
- Richard Wells Research Centre, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London (London)
| | - R J Pratt
- Richard Wells Research Centre, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London (London)
| | - M Golsorkhi
- Richard Wells Research Centre, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London (London)
| | - A Tingle
- Richard Wells Research Centre, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London (London)
| | - A Bak
- Richard Wells Research Centre, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London (London)
| | - J Browne
- Richard Wells Research Centre, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London (London)
| | - J Prieto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton (Southampton)
| | - M Wilcox
- Microbiology and Infection Control, Leeds Teaching Hospitals and University of Leeds (Leeds)
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Allen E, Browne J, Hynes S, Murphy JD. The potential of algae blooms to produce renewable gaseous fuel. Waste Manag 2013; 33:2425-33. [PMID: 23850117 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ulva lactuca (commonly known as sea letuce) is a green sea weed which dominates Green Tides or algae blooms. Green Tides are caused by excess nitrogen from agriculture and sewage outfalls resulting in eutrophication in shallow estuaries. Samples of U. lactuca were taken from the Argideen estuary in West Cork on two consecutive years. In year 1 a combination of three different processes/pretreatments were carried out on the Ulva. These include washing, wilting and drying. Biomethane potential (BMP) assays were carried out on the samples. Fresh Ulva has a biomethane yield of 183LCH4/kgVS. For dried, washed and macerated Ulva a BMP of 250LCH4/kgVS was achieved. The resource from the estuary in West Cork was shown to be sufficient to provide fuel to 264 cars on a year round basis. Mono-digestion of Ulva may be problematic; the C:N ratio is low and the sulphur content is high. In year 2 co-digestion trials with dairy slurry were carried out. These indicate a potential increase in biomethane output by 17% as compared to mono-digestion of Ulva and slurry.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Allen
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Loveday HP, Wilson JA, Kerr K, Pitchers R, Walker JT, Browne J. Association between healthcare water systems and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: a rapid systematic review. J Hosp Infect 2013; 86:7-15. [PMID: 24289866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen with a particular propensity to cause disease in the immunocompromised. Water systems have been reported to contribute to P. aeruginosa transmission in healthcare settings. AIM To systematically assess the evidence that healthcare water systems are associated with P. aeruginosa infection; to review aspects of design that can increase their potential to act as a reservoir; and to compare the efficacy of strategies for eradicating contamination and preventing infection. METHODS A rapid review methodology with a three-step search strategy was used to identify published studies. Scientific advisors were used to identify unpublished studies. FINDINGS Twenty-five relevant studies were included. There was plausible evidence of transmission of P. aeruginosa from water systems to patients and vice versa, although no direct evidence to explain the exact mode of transfer. Two studies provided plausible evidence for effective interventions: point-of-use filters and increasing chlorine disinfection. Non-touch taps and aspects of water system design were identified as probable risk factors for P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and subsequent transmission to patients. Poor hand hygiene or compliance with contact precautions were identified as potential contributory factors; plausible evidence to confirm this was not available. CONCLUSIONS Water systems can act as a source of P. aeruginosa infection in healthcare settings, although the route of transmission is unclear. Contamination appears to be confined to the distal ends of a water system and can persist for prolonged periods. Further studies are required to establish effective methods of preventing transmission and eradicating P. aeruginosa from plumbing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Loveday
- Richard Wells Research Centre, University of West London, London, UK
| | - J A Wilson
- Institute of Practice, Interdisciplinary Research & Enterprise, University of West London, London, UK.
| | - K Kerr
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Hull York Medical School, York, UK
| | | | - J T Walker
- Biosafety Unit, Health Protection Agency, Porton Down, UK
| | - J Browne
- Richard Wells Research Centre, University of West London, London, UK
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Mc Hugh SM, Kearney PM, Browne J. Predisposing, enabling and need determinants of flu vaccination in the older Irish population. Eur J Public Health 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckt123.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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McHugh S, Normand C, Browne J, Kearney P. PP51 Association between Overweight/Obesity and Health Care Utilisation Among Older Adults: Results from the Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Br J Soc Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203126.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sinnott C, Hugh SM, Browne J, Bradley CP. OP89 Challenges in Managing Multimorbid Patients: A Meta-Ethnography of the GPS Perspective. Br J Soc Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203126.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Dixon J, Browne J, Reddy P, Pouwer F, Speight J. Severely obese people with Type 2 diabetes experience impaired emotional well-being and socioeconomic disadvantage—Results from Diabetes MILES – Australia. Obes Res Clin Pract 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bwititi PT, Browne J. Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi in blood donors at the National Blood Transfusion Services--Guyana. W INDIAN MED J 2012; 61:559-563. [PMID: 23441347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blood transfusion is an important transmission route of Trypanosoma cruzi (T cruzi), a major parasitic infection in Central and South America. The limited treatment options are most effective in acute Chagas' infection. At present, there is no current data on the prevalence of T cruzi in the blood donor population of Guyana. This information is necessary to protect the supply of the blood donation programme. This study sought to determine the prevalence of T cruzi in the blood supply at the National Blood Transfusion Services of Guyana with the hope of providing knowledge to the on-going surveillance for Chagas' disease worldwide and therefore address the risk of its spread by blood transfusion. METHODS Two commercialized ELISAs utilizing crude or recombinant T cruzi antigens were used to study 2000 blood samples voluntarily donated for the purpose of altruistic or family replacement donation retrospectively. RESULTS The results showed that approximately 1 in 286 donations tested positive for antibodies to T cruzi. CONCLUSION These results indicate that T cruzi continues to be a risk in Guyana and there is a need to continue screening donated blood. Trypanosoma cruzi is a life-long infection and infected persons may be asymptomatic chronic carriers of the disease. Education, housing improvement, and controlled use of insecticides should be introduced to contain Chagas' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Bwititi
- From: School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Boorooma Street, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
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Browne J, Aslam N, Jones E, Flint B, Dzingai J, Fabris G, Billett J, Restrick L, Stern M. P125 Stop smoking as treatment for COPD: quit-interventions of higher intensity and duration are required. Thorax 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201054c.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Wolff A, Browne J, Whitehouse WP. Personal resuscitation plans and end of life planning for children with disability and life-limiting/life-threatening conditions. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2011; 96:42-8. [PMID: 20943803 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2010.185272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This article discusses the need for person-specific planning for the increasing numbers of disabled children with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions. It describes the system developed in Nottingham for this client group to have a family-held personal resuscitation plan, (PRP) which is developed with the child and family by their lead paediatrician. The PRP is an emergency medical care plan which supports the provision of the most appropriate level of intervention for the child whether they are at home, school, short break unit or hospital. The PRP template is presented with advice on implementation and case examples. Feedback from families, medical and nursing staff is that PRPs are useful and empowering. The system supports timely discussions about appropriate care in an emergency and the communication of decisionsmade jointly by the child, family and medical team to all concerned. A flexible and person-specific PRP stating what interventions to do such as airway clearance, facial oxygen, trial of bag and mask ventilation is preferable to a do not attempt resuscitation form which is an 'all or nothing system' and can seem very negative to families. A PRP in the home can support appropriate action from local rapid response teams set up to review unexpected child deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wolff
- Family Health Division, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
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Romero-Ortuno R, Cogan L, Browne J, Healy M, Casey MC, Cunningham C, Walsh JB, Kenny RA. Seasonal variation of serum vitamin D and the effect of vitamin D supplementation in Irish community-dwelling older people. Age Ageing 2011; 40:168-74. [PMID: 21051444 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afq138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ireland is at 53°N, and its population risk of vitamin D deficiency is high. Previous Irish studies suggested a significant seasonality of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and a beneficial effect of supplementation in raising 25(OH)D levels. However, in Irish older people, little is known about the magnitude of the supplementation effect and whether supplementation affects 25(OH)D seasonality. DESIGN cross-sectional observational. SETTING outpatient clinic. SUBJECTS five hundred and forty-six community-dwelling subjects (mean age 73.0, SD 7.4; 68.5% females) were assessed between September 2007 and May 2009. METHODS for supplemented and non-supplemented: 'cosinor' analysis (Pulse_XP®) of monthly 25(OH)D. Period global solar radiation (GSR) and solar elevation angle (SEA) data were collected as proxy markers of ultraviolet-B radiation exposure. Multivariate linear regression was conducted to investigate the independent effect of GSR and SEA on 25(OH)D, controlling for confounders. RESULTS supplemented group (N = 183): 89.1% were on cholecalciferol 800 IU/day. Mean 25(OH)D = 64.1 (95% confidence interval: 52.2-75.8) nmol/l, with no significant seasonality; regression: neither GSR nor SEA predicted 25(OH)D. Non-supplemented group (N = 363): mean 25(OH)D = 40.3 (35.5-45.0) nmol/l, with significant seasonality (55.5% variance remaining), peak in August, amplitude = 6.0 (3.1-8.8) nmol/l; regression: both GSR (P = 0.002) and the interaction GSR * SEA (P = 0.018) predicted 25(OH)D. CONCLUSIONS vitamin D supplementation was associated with a mean serum 25(OH)D increase of 23.8 nmol/l. Interestingly, supplementation seemed to blunt seasonality. In the supplemented group, 72.1% had individual 25(OH)D levels below the recommended 75 nmol/l. There is a case for universal supplementation in Irish older people, probably at a higher dose. Further research is needed to establish the optimum dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Romero-Ortuno
- Trinity College Dublin-TRIL Clinic, Hospital, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Co. Dublin, Ireland.
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Chapman D, Rees C, Lippert D, Russell G, Browne J. Predictors of Malignancy in Head and Neck Paragangliomas. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2010.06.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Minichiello V, Mariño R, Khan MA, Browne J. Alcohol and drug use in Australian male sex workers: Its relationship to the safety outcome of the sex encounter. AIDS Care 2010; 15:549-61. [PMID: 14509869 DOI: 10.1080/0954012031000134782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the self-reporting patterns of alcohol and drug consumption among male sex workers (MSWs) in three Australian cities during commercial sex encounters, and examines to what extent alcohol and drugs are used and whether this is related to the safe/unsafe outcome of the commercial sex encounter. One hundred and eighty-six MSWs from Brisbane, Sydney and Melbourne completed a diary following each commercial sex encounter over a two-week period. MSWs reported 2,087 commercial sex encounters during the study period. Alcohol or drug consumption was reported in 50.5% of the encounters. There were 488 instances of marijuana use reported before or during a commercial sex encounter, 210 instances of volatile inhalants use, 149 instances of heroine use and 151 of other drug use, including benzodiasepines, ecstasy, speed and cocaine. These substances were consumed either alone or combined. Marijuana consumption was associated with the commercial sex encounter occurring at the MSWs' place of residence and consumption of alcohol, marijuana and nitrites with the client's place. The results also reveal that consumption of drugs and alcohol was statistically related to length of the encounter, and that clients obtained through escort agencies or brothels were significantly associated with marijuana, other drug consumption and heroine use. Interestingly, a multivariate analysis indicated that encounters where the MSW consumed marijuana or did not consume any substance were less likely to have an unsafe outcome. The paper argues that it is necessary to identify and target risk groups and behaviours that are usually not included in broad based health education messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Minichiello
- Faculty of Education, Health & Professional Studies, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, 2351 Australia.
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Abstract
Charles Darwin's experimental investigations show him to have been a superb practical researcher. These skills are often underestimated today when assessing Darwin's achievement in the Origin of Species and his other books. Supported by a private income, he turned his house and gardens into a Victorian equivalent of a modern research station. Darwin participated actively in the exchange of scientific information via letters and much of his research was also carried out through correspondence. Although this research was relatively small scale in practice, it was large scale in intellectual scope. Darwin felt he had a strong desire to understand or explain whatever he observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Browne
- Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Clarke A, Blundell N, Forde I, Musila N, Spitzer D, Naqvi S, Browne J. Can guidelines improve referral to elective surgical specialties for adults? A systematic review. Qual Saf Health Care 2010; 19:187-94. [PMID: 20211956 PMCID: PMC2989157 DOI: 10.1136/qshc.2008.029918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Aim To assess effectiveness of guidelines for referral for elective surgical assessment. Method Systematic review with descriptive synthesis. Data sources Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane database up to 2008. Hand searches of journals and websites. Selection of studies Studies evaluated guidelines for referral from primary to secondary care, for elective surgical assessment for adults. Outcome measures Appropriateness of referral (usually measured as guideline compliance) including clinical appropriateness, appropriateness of destination and of pre-referral management (eg, diagnostic investigations), general practitioner knowledge of referral appropriateness, referral rates, health outcomes and costs. Results 24 eligible studies (5 randomised control trials, 6 cohort, 13 case series) included guidelines from UK, Europe, Canada and the USA for referral for musculoskeletal, urological, ENT, gynaecology, general surgical and ophthalmological conditions. Interventions varied from complex (“one-stop shops”) to simple guidelines. Four randomized control trials reported increases in appropriateness of pre-referral care (diagnostic investigations and treatment). No evidence was found for effects on practitioner knowledge. Mixed evidence was reported on rates of referral and costs (rates and costs increased, decreased or stayed the same). Two studies reported on health outcomes finding no change. Conclusions Guidelines for elective surgical referral can improve appropriateness of care by improving pre-referral investigation and treatment, but there is no strong evidence in favour of other beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Clarke
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Health Sciences Research Institute, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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