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Kelly JM, Piotrowski J, Zonfrillo MR, Riese A. Changes in Pediatricians' Child Passenger Safety Counseling With Initiation of a Booster Seat Program. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2022:99228221139824. [PMID: 36503304 DOI: 10.1177/00099228221139824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Booster seats reduce injury in motor vehicle crashes, yet they are used less frequently than car seats and seat belts. Primary care providers are well positioned to educate and encourage families to use booster seats. We aimed to assess how a booster seat distribution program affected the documentation of restraint usage and anticipatory guidance at well-child visits at a pediatric primary care practice. We performed a retrospective chart review of patients aged 4 to 12 years from June to December in 2019 and 2020, representing before and after a booster seat program. The most frequently documented restraints in 2019 and 2020 were seat belts (51% vs 30%), booster seats (25% vs 27%), and not documented/unclear (17% vs 25%) (P < .001). The program significantly increased referrals for booster seats (P < .001). Despite significant differences in the proportion of children in each restraint category, overall booster seat use was similar between years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Joy Piotrowski
- Department of Pediatrics, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mark R Zonfrillo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alison Riese
- Department of Pediatrics, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Benyahia D, Kubiszyn Ł, Michalczewski K, Boguski J, Kębłowski A, Martyniuk P, Piotrowski J, Rogalski A. Electrical Properties of Midwave and Longwave InAs/GaSb Superlattices Grown on GaAs Substrates by Molecular Beam Epitaxy. Nanoscale Res Lett 2018; 13:196. [PMID: 29978267 PMCID: PMC6033846 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we report on the in-plane electrical transport properties of midwave (MWIR) and longwave infrared (LWIR) InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices (T2SLs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system on GaAs (001) substrate. The huge lattice mismatch between the T2SL and GaAs substrate is reduced by the growth of GaSb buffer layer based on interfacial misfit array (IMF) technique. In order to compensate the strain in the InAs/GaSb T2SL, we utilized a special shutters sequence to get InSb-like and GaAs-like interfaces. It is found that the MWIR InAs/GaSb T2SL exhibits a p- and n-type conduction at low and high temperatures, respectively. Interestingly, the conduction change temperature is observed to be dependent on the growth temperature. On the other hand, LWIR T2SL conduction is dominated only by electrons. It is important to note that the dominant scattering mechanism in LWIR T2SL at low temperatures is the interface roughness scattering mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Benyahia
- Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, 2 Witold Urbanowicz Str., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ł. Kubiszyn
- Vigo System S.A., 129/133 Poznańska Str., 05-850 Ożarów Mazowiecki, Poland
| | - K. Michalczewski
- Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, 2 Witold Urbanowicz Str., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J. Boguski
- Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, 2 Witold Urbanowicz Str., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. Kębłowski
- Vigo System S.A., 129/133 Poznańska Str., 05-850 Ożarów Mazowiecki, Poland
| | - P. Martyniuk
- Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, 2 Witold Urbanowicz Str., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J. Piotrowski
- Vigo System S.A., 129/133 Poznańska Str., 05-850 Ożarów Mazowiecki, Poland
| | - A. Rogalski
- Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, 2 Witold Urbanowicz Str., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
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Piotrowski J, Jipp J, Radtke A, Smith-Harrison L, Tobin C, Sanger J, Guise A. 191 Adult Acquired Buried Penis: Experience and Outcomes after Surgical Correction at a Single Institution. J Sex Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.11.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tomaszewska J, Bieliński D, Binczarski M, Berlowska J, Dziugan P, Piotrowski J, Stanishevsky A, Witońska IA. Products of sugar beet processing as raw materials for chemicals and biodegradable polymers. RSC Adv 2018; 8:3161-3177. [PMID: 35541165 PMCID: PMC9077669 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12782k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents an overview of alternative uses for products of sugar beet processing, especially sucrose, as chemical raw materials for the production of biodegradable polymers. Traditionally, sucrose has not been considered as a chemical raw material, because of its use in the food industry and high sugar prices. Beet pulp and beetroot leaves have also not been considered as raw materials for chemical production processes until recently. However, current changes in the European sugar market could lead to falling demand and overproduction of sucrose. Increases in the production of white sugar will also increase the production of waste biomass, as a result of the processing of larger quantities of sugar beet. This creates an opportunity for the development of new chemical technologies based on the use of products of sugar beet processing as raw materials. Promising methods for producing functionalized materials include the acidic hydrolysis of sugars (sucrose, biomass polysaccharides), the catalytic dehydration of monosaccharides to HMF followed by catalytic oxidation of HMF to FDCA and polymerization to biodegradable polymers. The technologies reviewed in this article will be of interest both to industry and science. This paper presents an overview of alternative uses for products of sugar beet processing, especially sucrose, as chemical raw materials for the production of biodegradable polymers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Tomaszewska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry
- Lodz University of Technology
- Lodz 90-924
- Poland
| | - D. Bieliński
- Institute of Polymer & Dye Technology
- Lodz University of Technology
- Lodz 90-924
- Poland
| | - M. Binczarski
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry
- Lodz University of Technology
- Lodz 90-924
- Poland
| | - J. Berlowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology
- Lodz University of Technology
- Lodz 90-924
- Poland
| | - P. Dziugan
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology
- Lodz University of Technology
- Lodz 90-924
- Poland
| | | | - A. Stanishevsky
- Department of Physics
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Birmingham
- USA
| | - I. A. Witońska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry
- Lodz University of Technology
- Lodz 90-924
- Poland
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Slomiany B, Piotrowski J, Slomiany A. Effect of ebrotidine on Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide-induced up-regulation of endothelin-1 in gastric mucosa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/09680519990050050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is recognized as a primary etiologic factor in the development of gastric disease. We applied the animal model of H. pylori lipopolysaccharide-induced acute gastritis to study the effect of the anti-ulcer agent, ebrotidine, on the course of mucosal inflammatory responses by analyzing over a period of 10 days the extent of epithelial cell apoptosis and the mucosal expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and the activity of constitutive (cNOS) and inducible (NOS-2) nitric oxide synthase. Rats, pretreated twice daily for 3 days with ebrotidine at 100 mg/kg or the vehicle, were subjected to intragastric application of H. pylori lipopolysaccharide at 50 µg/animal, and after 2, 4, and 10 additional days on the drug or vehicle regimen their mucosal tissue was used for histological and biochemical assessment. In the absence of ebrotidine, H. pylori lipopolysaccharide elicited within 2 days extensive mucosal inflammation accompanied by a significant increase in epithelial cell apoptosis (13.5-fold) and the mucosal expression of TNFα (11.7-fold), NOS-2 (9.3-fold), and ET-1 (2.9-fold), while cNOS activity showed a 5.5-fold decrease. The extent of mucosal inflammatory involvement reached a maximum by the 4th day and showed a decline by the 10th day. This was reflected in a marked reduction in epithelial cell apoptosis, a decrease in the mucosal expression of ET-1, TNFα and NOS-2, and the recovery in cNOS activity. Treatment with ebrotidine caused a reduction in the extent of mucosal inflammatory involvement elicited by the lipopolysaccharide and this effect of ebrotidine was reflected at the end of a 10 day period in a 61.3% reduction in inflammation, and a decrease in apoptosis (83%), TNFα (51.8%), ET-1 (27.6%) and NOS-2 (62.9%), while the expression of cNOS increased by 78.6%. The findings indicate that an increase in the ET-1 level elicited by H. pylori lipopolysaccharide, combined with a decline in cNOS, trigger the induction of TNFα which propagates the inflammatory process. We also show that ebrotidine is capable of suppressing the H. pylori-induced gastric mucosal inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- B.L. Slomiany
- Research Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA,
| | - J. Piotrowski
- Research Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - A. Slomiany
- Research Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Fangmann J, Rochon D, Wallner J, Shaik T, Emkay P, Kelly K, Cavins K, Deleon‐Camacho F, Alphin D, Braatz A, Groth E, Piotrowski J, Granlund L, Krenz V, Choi S. Hungry Like PACAP Man ‐ The Role of PACAP and PACAP6‐38 in Eating Behaviors. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.lb55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Fangmann
- Science Greenfield High SchoolGreenfieldWIUnited States
| | - D Rochon
- Science Greenfield High SchoolGreenfieldWIUnited States
| | - J Wallner
- Science Greenfield High SchoolGreenfieldWIUnited States
| | - T Shaik
- Science Greenfield High SchoolGreenfieldWIUnited States
| | - P Emkay
- Science Greenfield High SchoolGreenfieldWIUnited States
| | - K Kelly
- Science Greenfield High SchoolGreenfieldWIUnited States
| | - K Cavins
- Science Greenfield High SchoolGreenfieldWIUnited States
| | | | - D Alphin
- Science Greenfield High SchoolGreenfieldWIUnited States
| | - A Braatz
- Science Greenfield High SchoolGreenfieldWIUnited States
| | - E Groth
- Science Greenfield High SchoolGreenfieldWIUnited States
| | - J Piotrowski
- Science Greenfield High SchoolGreenfieldWIUnited States
| | - L Granlund
- Science Greenfield High SchoolGreenfieldWIUnited States
| | - V Krenz
- Science Greenfield High SchoolGreenfieldWIUnited States
| | - S Choi
- Biomedical SciencesMarquette UniversityMilwaukeeWIUnited States
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Gao BS, Najafi MA, Atanasov DR, Blaum K, Bosch F, Brandau C, Chen XC, Dillmann I, Dimopoulou C, Faestermann T, Geissel H, Gernhäuser R, Hillenbrand PM, Kovalenko O, Kozhuharov C, Litvinov SA, Litvinov YA, Maier L, Nolden F, Piotrowski J, Sanjari MS, Scheidenberger C, Spillmann U, Steck M, Stöhlker T, Trageser C, Tu XL, Weick H, Winckler N, Xu HS, Yamaguchi T, Yan XL, Zhang YH, Zhou XH. Radioactive decays of highly-charged ions. EPJ Web of Conferences 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20159305003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Jakob H, Dohle DS, Piotrowski J, Benedik J, Thielmann M, Marggraf G, Erbel R, Tsagakis K. Six-year experience with a hybrid stent graft prosthesis for extensive thoracic aortic disease: an interim balance. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 42:1018-25. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezs201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Tsagakis K, Dohle DS, Piotrowski J, Benedik J, Wendt D, Thielmann M, Erbel R, Jakob H. Time saving modification of arch replacement in frozen elephant trunk procedure. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1297449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Piotrowski T, Piotrowska A, Kaminska E, Golaszewska K, Papis E, Piskorski M, Jung W, Katcki J, Kudla A, Adamczewska J, Piotrowski J, Nowak Z, Orman Z, Pawluczyk J. Advanced GaSb/InGaAsSb/AlGaAsSb 2-2.4µm Photovoltaic Detectors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-607-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis paper reports on the design and fabrication of GaSb/n-InxGal1−xAsySb1−y/p-AlxGal−xAsySb1−y heterojuction photodetectors operating in the 2 - 2.4 µm wavelength region. Device structures were grown by LPE and fabricated as mesa-type diodes by RIE etching in CC14/H2 plasma. For mesa passivation a surface treatment in (NH42S water solution was carried out. The photodiodes structures are characterized by differential resistance RoA=400 ωcm2. Measured detectivity is in the range 3.1010 - 2. 1011 cmHz1/2/W, in dependence on the active area and cutoff wavelength.
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Durmala J, Kotwicki T, Piotrowski J. Cheneau bracing with dobomed physiotherapy for thoracic scoliosis: prospective evaluation of 25 patients followed to skeletal maturity. Scoliosis 2010. [PMCID: PMC2938710 DOI: 10.1186/1748-7161-5-s1-o75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Slomiany BL, Piotrowski J, Slomiany A. Effect of sulglycotide on the apoptotic processes associated with indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury. Inflammopharmacology 2010; 6:243-53. [PMID: 17657623 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-998-0023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/1998] [Accepted: 06/29/1998] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In this study we investigated the effect of the antiulcer agent, sulglycotide, on the activity of a key pro-apoptotic protease, caspase-3, and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2) associated with gastric epithelial cell apoptosis triggered by the enhancement in tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) during indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury. METHODS The experiments were conducted with rats pretreated intragastrically with sulglycotide (200 mg/kg) or vehicle, followed 30 min later by an intragastric dose of indomethacin (60 mg/kg). The animals were killed 2 h later and their mucosal tissue used for macroscopic assessment, assays of epithelial cell apoptosis and TNF-alpha, and the measurement of caspase-3 and NOS-2 activities. RESULTS In the absence of sulglycotide, indomethacin caused multiple haemorrhagic lesions accompanied by a 20-fold enhancement in gastric epithelial cell apoptosis and a 47% increase in mucosal expression of TNF-alpha, while NOS-2 showed an 11.9-fold induction and the activity of caspase-3 increased 3.9-fold. Pretreatment with sulglycotide produced a 51.2% reduction in the extent of mucosal damage caused by indomethacin, a 43.9% decrease in the epithelial cell apoptosis and a 39.7% reduction in TNF-alpha, while the activity of caspase-3 decreased by 58.8% and that of NOS-2 showed a 47.3% decline. CONCLUSIONS Our findings implicate the enhanced expression of caspase-3 and NOS-2 in the process of death signalling cascade associated with indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury, and show that sulglycotide is capable of suppressing the pathway of apoptotic events propagated by TNF-alpha, NOS-2 and caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Slomiany
- Research Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 07103-2400, Newark, NJ, USA
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Wnuk B, Durmala J, Dzierzega J, Piotrowski J, Walusiak M. The short-term effects of simultaneous treatment using two different methods of physiotherapy in the treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: a pilot study. Scoliosis 2009. [PMCID: PMC2793457 DOI: 10.1186/1748-7161-4-s2-o30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Durmala J, Kotwicki T, Piotrowski J. Stabilization of progressive thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using brace treatment and DoboMed physiotherapy. Scoliosis 2009. [PMCID: PMC2793455 DOI: 10.1186/1748-7161-4-s2-o29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sauberman N, Fortier NL, Joshi W, Piotrowski J, Snyder LM. Spectrin-haemoglobin crosslinkages associated with in vitro oxidant hypersensitivity in pathologic and artificially dehydrated red cells. Br J Haematol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1983.00015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Kryszewski M, Kasica H, Patora J, Piotrowski J. Relationship between electric conductivity, thermally stimulated currents, thermoluminescence and polymer structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/polc.5070300128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Jiao R, Harrigan JA, Shevelev I, Dietschy T, Selak N, Indig FE, Piotrowski J, Janscak P, Bohr VA, Stagljar I. The Werner syndrome protein is required for recruitment of chromatin assembly factor 1 following DNA damage. Oncogene 2006; 26:3811-22. [PMID: 17173071 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Werner syndrome protein (WRN) and chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) are both involved in the maintenance of genome stability. In response to DNA-damaging signals, both of these proteins relocate to sites where DNA synthesis occurs. However, the interaction between WRN and CAF-1 has not yet been investigated. In this report, we show that WRN interacts physically with the largest subunit of CAF-1, hp150, in vitro and in vivo. Although hp150 does not alter WRN catalytic activities in vitro, and the chromatin assembly activity of CAF-1 is not affected in the absence of WRN in vivo, this interaction may have an important role during the cellular response to DNA replication fork blockage and/or DNA damage signals. In hp150 RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) knockdown cells, WRN partially formed foci following hydroxyurea (HU) treatment. However, in the absence of WRN, hp150 did not relocate to form foci following exposure to HU and ultraviolet light. Thus, our results demonstrate that WRN responds to DNA damage before CAF-1 and suggest that WRN may recruit CAF-1, via interaction with hp150, to DNA damage sites during DNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jiao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules and State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Thielmann M, Massoudy P, Marggraf G, Assenmacher E, Kienbaum P, Piotrowski J, Jakob H. Impact of intraoperative myocardial cellular damage on early hemodynamics after off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Eur J Med Res 2005; 10:218-26. [PMID: 15946923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the surgical trauma a small amount of myocardial cellular damage is inherent during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The purpose of the present study was to assess the degree of myocardial cellular damage after off-pump (OPCAB) and on-pump CABG (ONCAB) as measured by cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase (CK), its MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) and myoglobin (Myo) and to examine its impact on early hemodynamics after surgery. METHODS Ninety-nine consecutive OPCAB patients, operated between 01/1999 and 01/2004, were enrolled in the present study and compared to 99 ONCAB patients operated during the same period of time, who were matched for baseline data and mean number of grafts per patient. Early hemodynamics, cTnI, CK/CK-MB and Myo were measured preoperatively and at 1, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours (h) postoperatively. Perioperative inotropic support, clinical data and potoperative outcome were recorded prospectively. RESULTS The two groups were similar concerning preoperative characteristics. The mean number of distal grafts/patient was 2.1 +/- 1.0 in OPCAB and 2.1 +/- 0.8 in ONCAB patients (mean +/- SD). There was no significant difference among the groups regarding early hemodynamics in terms of cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), and left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI), and inotropic support. However, cTnI, CK/CK-MB but not Myo levels were significantly lower in OPCAB compared to ONCAB patients at 1, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h postoperatively (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Off-pump surgery results in equal early hemodynamics despite a significantly lower release of cTnI and CK, suggesting a reduced myocardial cell damage as compared to ONCAB surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thielmann
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West-German Heart Center Essen, University Clinic of Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122 Essen, Germany
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Aleksic I, Kamler M, Massoudy P, Piotrowski J, Thielmann M, Pizanis N, Jakob H, Hagl S. Modified surgical pulmonary embolectomy - Can improved outcome revive an almost forgotten procedure? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-862105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Thielmann M, Massoudy P, Marggraf G, Neuhäuser M, Aleksic I, Herold U, Kamler M, Piotrowski J, Jakob H. Coronary artery bypass surgery in acute coronary syndromes: prognostic value of cardiac troponin I on admission in patients with acute STEMI and NSTEMI. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-861900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Herold U, Kamler M, Yildirim C, Cetin M, Piotrowski J, Massoudy P, Jakob H. Right subclavian artery canulation in acute type a aortic dissection: Maintenance of antegrade flow and facilitated cerebral protection. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-816730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Thielmann M, Marggraf G, Schmermund A, Massoudy P, Kamler M, Aleksic I, Herold U, Sch�nfelder B, Piotrowski J, Erbel R, Jakob H. Emergency reintervention in patiens with acute graft failure following coronary artery bypass surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-816577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Thielmann M, Massoudy P, Marggraf G, Kamler M, Herold U, Piotrowski J, Jakob H. Myocardial cellular damage following off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery as measured by cardiac troponin I. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-816834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kamler M, Herold U, Piotrowski J, Bartel T, Teschler H, Jakob H. Severe left ventricular failure after double lung transplantation: pathophysiology and management. J Heart Lung Transplant 2004; 23:139-42. [PMID: 14734140 DOI: 10.1016/s1053-2498(03)00031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients undergoing bilateral lung transplantation for end-stage pulmonary hypertension may experience various complications. We describe a patient who underwent transplantation for chronic pigeon breeder's disease, who had secondary pulmonary hypertension and deteriorated right heart function, and who developed severe left heart failure during the weaning phase after successful double lung transplantation. The patient was stabilized with catecholamines and an intra-aortic balloon pump. Left heart function increased within 7 days and normalized at Day 18. Otherwise, the post-operative course was uneventful.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kamler
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Essen, Essen, Germany.
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O'Morain C, Borody T, Farley A, De Boer WA, Dallaire C, Schuman R, Piotrowski J, Fallone CA, Tytgat G, Mégraud F, Spénard J. Efficacy and safety of single-triple capsules of bismuth biskalcitrate, metronidazole and tetracycline, given with omeprazole, for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori: an international multicentre study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 17:415-20. [PMID: 12562455 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01434.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori resistance to metronidazole demands treatments more effective than standard bismuth-based triple therapy against these strains. AIM To evaluate the H. pylori eradication rate in both metronidazole-sensitive and -resistant strains following quadruple therapy using single-triple capsules of bismuth biskalcitrate, metronidazole and tetracycline, given with omeprazole. METHODS One hundred and seventy valid patients with duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer or non-ulcer dyspepsia were treated in eight centres located in five countries. H. pylori was confirmed at baseline using 13C-urea breath test, histology and/or culture. Patients received three single-triple capsules q.i.d. and omeprazole, 20 mg b.d., for 10 days. Each capsule contained bismuth biskalcitrate, 140 mg (as 40 mg Bi2O3 equivalent), metronidazole, 125 mg, and tetracycline, 125 mg. 13C-Urea breath test was repeated at least 4 and 8 weeks post-treatment. RESULTS Overall eradication rates were 93% (158/170) by modified intention-to-treat analysis and 97% (142/146) by per protocol analysis. Eradication rates were 93% (40/43) and 95% (38/40) for strains resistant to metronidazole and 95% (82/86) and 99% (75/76) for strains sensitive to metronidazole by modified intention-to-treat and per protocol analysis, respectively. CONCLUSION This omeprazole-bismuth biskalcitrate-metronidazole-tetracycline 10-day regimen is a very effective and well-tolerated treatment, which overcomes metronidazole resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C O'Morain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Adelaide & Health Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland.
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Slomiany BL, Piotrowski J, Slomiany A. Up-regulation of gastric mucosal inflammatory responses to Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide by aspirin but not indomethacin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [PMID: 11581571 DOI: 10.1177/09680519010070030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are recognized as the two primary factors in the etiology of gastric disease. In this study, we applied the animal model of H. pylori-induced gastritis to assess the influence of NSAIDs on the course of mucosal inflammatory responses to H. pylori. Two days following intragastric application of H. pylori lipopolysaccharide, rats were divided into groups and administered daily for up to 8 days either indomethacin, aspirin or the vehicle, and their gastric mucosal tissue subjected to histological and biochemical assessment. H. pylori lipopolysaccharide elicited within 2 days a pattern of acute mucosal inflammatory responses accompanied by a massive epithelial cell apoptosis, and a marked increase in the expression of membrane-bound and soluble forms of TNF-alpha. The extent of mucosal inflammatory involvement reached a maximum by the 4th day and showed a decline by the 10th day; this was reflected in a 38.1% reduction in apoptosis, a 53.2% decline in membrane-bound TNF-alpha and a 63.8% decrease in soluble TNF-alpha. Compared to the vehicle controls, aspirin caused a 36.2% increase in the severity of the mucosal inflammatory involvement by the second day of administration and a 25.9% increase in the inflammatory involvement occurred by the 8th day; this effect of aspirin was accompanied by a significant (54.5%) induction in apoptosis, a 58.2% decline in membrane-bound TNF-alpha and a 61% increase in soluble TNF-alpha. In contrast, administration of indomethacin evoked only a marginal increase (5-7%) in apoptosis, and caused no discernible changes in the severity of gastric mucosal involvement and the expression of TNF-alpha forms elicited by H. pylori lipopolysaccharide. The findings indicate that aspirin, but not indomethacin, increases the severity of gastric mucosal inflammatory responses to H. pylori. This detrimental influence of aspirin appears to result from up-regulation in the mucosal expression of soluble form of TNF-alpha, which leads to the amplification of apoptotic events that potentiate gastric mucosal inflammatory reaction to H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Slomiany
- Research Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103-2400, USA.
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Piotrowski J. No more waiting. New PPS to arrive for rehab hospitals in January. Mod Healthc 2001; 31:8. [PMID: 11808388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Brosh RM, von Kobbe C, Sommers JA, Karmakar P, Opresko PL, Piotrowski J, Dianova I, Dianov GL, Bohr VA. Werner syndrome protein interacts with human flap endonuclease 1 and stimulates its cleavage activity. EMBO J 2001; 20:5791-801. [PMID: 11598021 PMCID: PMC125684 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/20.20.5791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a human premature aging disorder characterized by chromosomal instability. The cellular defects of WS presumably reflect compromised or aberrant function of a DNA metabolic pathway that under normal circumstances confers stability to the genome. We report a novel interaction of the WRN gene product with the human 5' flap endonuclease/5'-3' exonuclease (FEN-1), a DNA structure-specific nuclease implicated in DNA replication, recombination and repair. WS protein (WRN) dramatically stimulates the rate of FEN-1 cleavage of a 5' flap DNA substrate. The WRN-FEN-1 functional interaction is independent of WRN catalytic function and mediated by a 144 amino acid domain of WRN that shares homology with RecQ DNA helicases. A physical interaction between WRN and FEN-1 is demonstrated by their co-immunoprecipitation from HeLa cell lysate and affinity pull-down experiments using a recombinant C-terminal fragment of WRN. The underlying defect of WS is discussed in light of the evidence for the interaction between WRN and FEN-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Brosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Piotrowski J. Exhibiting healthy behavior. Indiana children's museum uses theater, technology to teach about health. Mod Healthc 2001; 31:42, 44. [PMID: 11558181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Herold U, Piotrowski J, van de Wal H, Kamler M, Yildirim C, Naber C, Erbel R, Jakob H. [Surgical treatment of infective endocarditis: the Essen experiences]. Herz 2001; 26:409-17. [PMID: 11683071 DOI: 10.1007/pl00002044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Instead of immediate diagnosis and effective antibiotic treatment morbidity and mortality in infective endocarditis remains high. If the infection cannot be controlled or the disease progresses irreversible destruction of cardiac structures results. SURGICAL THERAPY In this case surgical therapy should be considered immediately. The outcome of surgical repair is not depending on the implanted prosthesis, but solely on timing of the operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Herold
- Klinik für Thorax- und kardiovaskuläre Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Essen.
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Piotrowski J. About-face. Long Island system sprints out of bankruptcy. Mod Healthc 2001; 31:20-1. [PMID: 11357267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
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Orren DK, Machwe A, Karmakar P, Piotrowski J, Cooper MP, Bohr VA. A functional interaction of Ku with Werner exonuclease facilitates digestion of damaged DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2001; 29:1926-34. [PMID: 11328876 PMCID: PMC37248 DOI: 10.1093/nar/29.9.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2000] [Revised: 02/23/2001] [Accepted: 03/06/2001] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a premature aging disorder where the affected individuals appear much older than their chronological age. The single gene that is defective in WS encodes a protein (WRN) that has ATPase, helicase and 3'-->5' exonuclease activities. Our laboratory has recently uncovered a physical and functional interaction between WRN and the Ku heterodimer complex that functions in double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination. Importantly, Ku specifically stimulates the exonuclease activity of WRN. We now report that Ku enables the Werner exonuclease to digest through regions of DNA containing 8-oxoadenine and 8-oxoguanine modifications, lesions that have previously been shown to block the exonuclease activity of WRN alone. These results indicate that Ku significantly alters the exonuclease function of WRN and suggest that the two proteins function concomitantly in a DNA damage processing pathway. In support of this notion we also observed co-localization of WRN and Ku, particularly after DNA damaging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Orren
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Bohr VA, Cooper M, Orren D, Machwe A, Piotrowski J, Sommers J, Karmakar P, Brosh R. Werner syndrome protein: biochemical properties and functional interactions. Exp Gerontol 2000; 35:695-702. [PMID: 11053659 DOI: 10.1016/s0531-5565(00)00145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome is a premature aging syndrome displaying numerous signs and symptoms found in normal aging. The disease is associated with a mutation in the WRN gene. We have purified the Werner protein (WRN) and studied its biochemical activities and its protein interactions. WRN is a helicase and an exonuclease and also has an associated ATPase activity. WRN interacts physically and functionally with replication protein A (RPA), which stimulates its helicase activity. We have studied the WRN exonuclease activity and found that it can be blocked by certain DNA lesions and not by others. Thus, while WRN does not bind to DNA damage, it may have properties that allow it to sense the presence of damage in DNA. More recently we have found other protein interactions that involve physical and functional interactions with WRN, which could suggest a role for WRN in DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Slomiany A, Piotrowski E, Piotrowski J, Slomiany BL. Impact of ethanol on innate protection of gastric mucosal epithelial surfaces and the risk of injury. J Physiol Pharmacol 2000; 51:433-47. [PMID: 11016863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Earlier investigations on the effect of ethanol on synthesis and posttranlational glycosylation of gastric mucus glycoprotein (mucin) revealed quantitative changes in the apoprotein assembly, glycosylation, and mucin retention on the mucosal surface (Slomiany et al.., Alcoholism: Clin. Exp. Res. 21, 417-423, 1998). To assess whether metabolic consequences of ethanol ingestion, documented in the in vitro system are also occurring in vivo the rats were subjected to 8 weeks of ethanol containing liquid diet. The retention of mucin on the surface of gastric mucosa was quantitated by measuring the binding of gastric mucin to Mucin Binding Protein (MBP) of gastric mucosa. The results were compared with those obtained with the rats subjected to pair-feeding the isocaloric-control diet. Before alcohol administration, and in two weeks' intervals thereafter, the gastric contents from the animals was collected and mucin purified. After 8 weeks of the respective diet, the animals were sacrificed and their gastric mucosa used for MBP preparation. The binding of mucin to MBP before ethanol, and after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of ethanol diet was quantitated with Enzyme Linked Lectin Assay (ELLA). The study with standard mucin revealed that binding of mucin to MBP differs substantially between individual animals. The same variability in binding was observed with the individual mucin preparations collected at the onset of the experiment. However, with the progression of ethanol feeding, the mucin samples besides displaying the variable and animal-specific binding to MBP at the initiation of the experiment, also showed a dramatic decrease in binding. In five animals, after two weeks of ethanol diet, mucin binding to MBP decreased by 50%; in two animals, the drastic decrease in binding was observed in mucin collected after four weeks of alcohol feeding; and in one animal a 20% decrease in binding persisted for six weeks, and then decreased to 50% in the last collection. Also, in two animals, the mucin collected after 8 weeks of ethanol feeding retained only 6-9% of the initial binding capacity. In contrast, in pair-fed controls, the mucin binding to MBP remained the same or increased up to 20%. Results of the studies, performed on mucin of the individual animals and matching preparations of MBP, showed that each animal expresses different degree of mucin binding. Moreover, in chronic ethanol ingestion, the individual variations are accompanied by a decrease in mucin binding to MBP. Since the observed decrease in binding occurred in samples containing the same preparation of MBP, the component affected by alcohol resides on mucin. Thus, considering the in vitro impact of ethanol on generation of carbohydrate chains in Golgi, and the finding on mucin oligosaccharides-dependent mucin-MBP complex formation, we conclude that ethanol impairs the synthesis of mucin oligosaccharide structures required for binding with MBP, and the retention on gastric mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Slomiany
- Research Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, 07103-2400, USA.
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Slomiany BL, Piotrowski J, Slomiany A. Omeprazole fails to suppress up-regulation of gastric mucosal endothelin-converting enzyme-1 by Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide. J Physiol Pharmacol 2000; 51:421-31. [PMID: 11016862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelin-1, a key mediator of inflammatory processes, is produced from its biologically inactive precursor, big ET- by the action of endothelin converting enzyme-1(ECE-1). In this study, we applied the animal model of H. pylori lipopolysaccharide-induced gastritis to assess the effect of three different types of antiulcer agents on the gastric mucosal expression of ECE-1 activity. METHODS Rats, pretreated twice daily for 3 days with proton pump inhibitor, omeprazole at 40 mg/kg, gastroprotective agent, sulglycotide at 200 mg/kg, H2-receptor antagonist, ebrotidine at 100 mg/kg or the vehicle, were subjected to intragastric application of H. pylori lipopolysaccharide at 50 microg/animal, and after 2, and 4 additional days on the drug or vehicle regimen their mucosal tissue used for histologic and biochemical assessment. RESULTS In the absence of antiulcer agents, H. pylori lipopolysaccharide elicited a pattern of mucosal inflammatory responses resembling that of acute gastritis which reached a maximum by the 4th day and were accompanied by a 4.1-fold increase in the mucosal expression of ECE-1 activity and an 8.8-fold enhancement in TNF-alpha. Treatment with sulglycotide led to a 56.7% reduction in the extent of mucosal inflammatory involvement, the mucosal expression of ECE-1 activity fell by a 40.5% and the level of TNF-alpha declined by a 69%. Ebrotidine produced a 50.9% decrease in the extent of mucosal inflammatory involvement, a 33.6% decrease in the expression of ECE-1 activity and a 64.1% decline in TNF-alpha, whereas omeprazole elicited a 37.6% reduction in the extent of mucosal inflammatory involvement and a 29.5% decrease in TNF-alpha, but had no effect on the lipoploysaccharide-induced increase in the mucosal expression of ECE-1 activity. CONCLUSIONS The findings implicate up-regulation of ECE-1 in triggering the induction of TNF-alpha and propagation of gastric mucosal inflammatory responses to H. pylori. We also show that omeprazole, in contrast to sulglycotide and ebrotidine, fails to counter the enhancement in the mucosal expression of ECE-1 caused by H. pylori- lipopolysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Slomiany
- Research Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark 07103-2400, USA.
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Herold U, Van De Wal H, Piotrowski J, Jakob H. Disruption of the silver and non-silver coated sewing cuff of a new generation bileaflet valve prosthesis during aortic valve replacement: report on four cases. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2000; 18:225-7. [PMID: 10925234 DOI: 10.1016/s1010-7940(00)00484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES New generation bileaflet valve prostheses with a silver-coated sewing cuff like the St Jude Medical (SJM((R)) Regent) model are designed to offer a larger valvular orifice as well as a better resistance to postoperative prosthetic endocarditis, at the expense of a smaller sewing cuff. METHODS AND RESULTS We report on four cases of aortic valve replacement where during the implantation procedure the fixation cuff disrupted, leading to the exchange of all four valve prostheses. This happened three times with silver- coated sewing cuffs and after withdrawal of the silver- coated cuff prostheses from the market, once with a non silver- coated sewing cuff. This was due to the arbitrary cutting of the cuff fixation suture at the ventricular side of the prosthesis, although the implantation was performed according to the recommendations of the company. This problem didn't occur previously, using other models of the same manufacturer, although the sewing cuff had been fixed in the same technique. CONCLUSION Fixation of smaller sewing cuffs of mechanical valve prostheses with a critically exposed fixation suture at the ventricular side of the prosthesis represents a significant risk for disruption during the implantation process through cut off by chance. We recommend meticulous inspection of the sewing cuff for signs of disruption before seating the valve into position. During follow-up particular attention should be paid to valve dislodgement and leakage. The company was informed and advised by us to modify the fixation of the prosthetic annulus of the SJM((R)) Regent valve, which has led to an alternative cuff design, called the SJM Flex cuff.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Herold
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
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Slomiany BL, Piotrowski J, Slomiany A. Up-regulation of endothelin-1 in gastric mucosal inflammatory responses to Helicobacter pylori Lipopolysaccharide: effect of omeprazole and sucralfate. J Physiol Pharmacol 2000; 51:179-92. [PMID: 10898092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is recognized as a primary etiologic factor in the development of gastric disease and the product of particular significance to the virulent action of the bacterium is its cell wall lipopolysaccharide. We applied the animal model of H. pylori lipopolysaccharide-induced acute gastritis to study the effect of antiulcer agents, omeprazole and sucralfate, on the course of mucosal inflammatory responses by analyzing the interplay between the extent of epithelial cell apoptosis and the mucosal expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and the activity of constitutive (cNOS) and inducible (NOS-2) nitric oxide synthase. METHODS Rats pretreated twice daily for 3 consecutive days with omeprazole at 40 mg/kg, sucralfate at 100 mg/kg or the vehicle, were subjected to intragastric application of H. pylori lipopolysaccharide at 50 microg/animal, and after 2, 4, and 10 additional days on the antiulcer drug or vehicle regimen their mucosal tissue used for histologic and biochemical assessment. RESULTS In the absence of antiulcer agents, H. pylori lipopolysaccharide elicited within 2 days a pattern of acute mucosal inflammatory responses accompanied by a massive epithelial cell apoptosis, a 2.9-fold increase in the mucosal expression of ET-1, an 11.7-fold enhancement in TNF-alpha, and a 9.3-fold increase in NOS-2, while cNOS activity showed a 5.5-fold decrease. The extent of mucosal inflammatory involvement reached a maximum by the 4th day and showed a decline by the 10th day. This was reflected in a marked reduction in epithelial cell apoptosis, decrease in the mucosal expression of ET-1, TNF-alpha and NOS-2, and the recovery in cNOS activity. Comparing to the vehicle controls, treatment with proton pump inhibitor, omeprazole, led at the end of a 10 day period to a 48.3% reduction in the extent of mucosal inflammatory involvement elicited by H. pylori lipopolysaccharide, while a 74.2% reduction in the mucosal inflammatory involvement was achieved with gastroprotective agent, sucralfate. Moreover, this advantage of sucralfate over omeprazole in countering the lipopolysaccharide-induced changes was reflected at the end of 10 day treatment period in a 20.4% greater decrease in apoptosis, a 47.5% greater reduction in TNF-alpha and a 50.7% greater reduction in ET-1. However, both agents exerted similar influence on the restoration of gastric mucosal cNOS activity and showed a comparable effect at the end of a 10 day treatment in countering the lipopolysaccharide-induced increase in the expression of NOS-2. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that an increase in the mucosal ET-1 level elicited by H. pylori lipopolysaccharide, combined with a decline in cNOS may be responsible for the induction of TNF-alpha and triggering the inflammatory process. We also show that sucralfate exhibits greater efficacy than omeprazole in suppressing the H. pylori-induced mucosal inflammatory responses. This property of sucralfate may well be due to its ability to suppress the mucosal rise in ET-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Slomiany
- Research Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark 07103-2400, USA.
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Slomiany BL, Piotrowski J, Slomiany A. Suppression of endothelin-converting enzyme-1 during buccal mucosal ulcer healing: effect of chronic alcohol ingestion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 271:318-22. [PMID: 10799294 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Among the factors affecting the efficiency of soft oral tissue healing is endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoactive peptide produced from a biologically inactive big ET-1 by the action of endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1). We investigated the expression of ECE-1 during buccal mucosal ulcer healing in rats maintained for 5 weeks on alcohol containing or control diet. The mucosal activity of ECE-1, characterized by sensitivity to phosphoramidon, was associated with microsomal fraction and showed an elevated (3.1-fold) level in the alcohol diet group. Moreover, the ulcer onset in the alcohol group was reflected in a 39% greater expression of ECE-1 activity, and was accompanied by a 1.4-fold greater increase in TNF-alpha and a 2.5-fold greater enhancement in epithelial cell apoptosis. While in both groups the ulcer healing was associated with a decrease in buccal mucosal expression of ECE-1, as well as a decline in TNF-alpha and apoptosis, the changes were significantly slower in the alcohol diet group and manifested by a 40% delay in healing. Thus, chronic alcohol ingestion leads to up-regulation of ECE-1 expression, induction of TNF-alpha, and triggering apoptotic events that delay the mucosal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Slomiany
- Research Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, 07103-2400, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hanke
- Department of Industrial Toxicology, Institute of Occupational Medicine in Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Slomiany BL, Piotrowski J, Slomiany A. Role of interleukin-4 in down-regulation of endothelin-1 during gastric ulcer healing: effect of sucralfate. J Physiol Pharmacol 2000; 51:69-83. [PMID: 10768852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The course of events associaed with healing gastric mucosal injury involves an orderly interplay between the array of signaling molecules that exert their influence on the processes leading to the restoration of the mucosal integrity. In this study, we investigated the effect of antiulcer agent, sucralfate, on the mucosal apoptotic processes during gastric ulcer healing by analyzing the expression of interleukin-4 (IL:4), endothelin-1 (ET-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and the mucosal activity of capase-3, and constitutive (cNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2). METHODS Rats with experimentally induced chronic gastric ulcers were administered twice daily for 14 days either sucralfate at 100 mg/kg or vehicle, and at different stages of treatment their stomachs were used for macroscopic and biochemical assessments. RESULTS The ulcer onset was characterized by a massive epithelial apoptosis associated with a 33-fold increase in caspase-3 activity, 5.7-fold increase in TNF-alpha, 17.5-fold increase in NOS-2 and a 3.9-fold increase in ET-1, while the mucosal expression of cNOS activity showed a 7.6-fold drop and IL-4 expression fell by 37.2%. The healing was reflected in a rapid recovery in IL-4, and a decrease in apoptosis, caspase-3, TNF-alpha, ET-1 and NOS-2, and a slow recovery in cNOS activity, and the process was accelerated in the sucralfate-treated group. While in the absence of sucralfate the expression of IL-4 returned to that of the normal mucosa by the 7th day of healing and that of ET-1 and TNF-alpha by the 14th day, an accelerated ulcer healing with sucralfate treatment was associated with IL-4 recovery by the 4th day and that of ET-1 and TNF-alpha by the 10th day when the ulcer heated, while recovery in cNOS activity required 14 days. Yet, in both groups of animals the apoptotic DNA fragmentation rate, caspase-3 and the expression of NOS-2 activity remained significantly elevated even after the ulcer healed. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that a decrease in the mucosal expression of the regulatory cytokine IL-4 at the ulcer onset may well be a key factor causing dysregulation of ET-1 production, induction of TNF-alpha, and triggering the apoptotic events that affect the efficiency of mucosal repair process. We also show that accelerated ulcer healing by sucralfate may be the result of a rapid mucosal IL-4 generation that leads to the suppression of the mucosal apoptotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Slomiany
- Research Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Newark, 07103-2400, USA.
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Slomiany BL, Piotrowski J, Slomiany A. Involvement of interleukin-4 in down-regulation of endothelin-1 during gastric ulcer healing: Effect of ebrotidine. Inflammopharmacology 2000. [DOI: 10.1023/b:infl.0000041132.29771.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Slomiany BL, Piotrowski J, Slomiany A. Up-regulation of endothelin-converting enzyme-1 in gastric mucosal inflammatory responses to Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 267:801-5. [PMID: 10673372 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a vasoactive peptide produced from a biologically inactive big ET-1 by the action of endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1). We investigated gastric mucosal expression of ECE-1 during a 10-day course of inflammatory responses associated with acute gastritis elicited by Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide. The ECE-1 activity was associated with microsomal fraction and the level of its expression reflected the extent of mucosal inflammatory involvement. The histologic pattern of inflammation reached a maximum on the 4th day following the lipopolysaccharide and was accompanied by a 4.1-fold enhancement in the expression of ECE-1 activity and a significant elevation in ET-1 (3.1-fold), TNF-alpha (8.8-fold), and apoptosis (11.6-fold). A 41.5% decrease in the severity of mucosal inflammation by the 10th day following the lipopolysaccharide was reflected in a 62.3% reduction in the mucosal expression of ECE-1 and a decline in TNF-alpha, ET-1, and apoptosis. Thus, H. pylori infection causes up-regulation of gastric mucosal ECE-1 expression, which leads to the enhancement of ET-1 production, induction of TNF-alpha, and triggering the apoptotic events that exacerbate the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Slomiany
- Research Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, 07103-2400, USA.
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Abstract
We investigated the course of events associated with gastric ulcer healing by analyzing mucosal expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4), endothelin-1 (ET-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and the activity of constitutive (cNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2). Ulcer onset was characterized by a massive epithelial apoptosis associated with a 5.7-fold increase in TNF-alpha, a 17.5-fold increase in NOS-2, and a 3.9-fold increase in ET-1, while mucosal expression of cNOS showed a 7.6-fold drop and IL-4 fell by 37.2%. Healing was accompanied by a rapid raise in IL-4; decrease in apoptosis, TNF-alpha, ET-1, and NOS-2; and a slow recovery in cNOS. The expression of IL-4 returned to control levels by the 7th day of healing and that of ET-1 and TNF-alpha by the 14th day, while apoptotic DNA fragmentation and the activity of NOS-2 remained significantly elevated beyond the 14-day period. The results suggest that a decrease in the mucosal level of IL-4 at ulcer onset may well be a key factor causing dysregulation of ET-1 production, induction of TNF-alpha, and triggering the apoptotic events that affect the efficiency of mucosal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Slomiany
- Research Center University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, 07103-2400, USA
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Slomiany BL, Piotrowski J, Slomiany A. Effect of ebrotidine on gastric mucosal inflammatory responses to Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide. J Physiol Pharmacol 1999; 50:391-404. [PMID: 10574469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide is a primary virulence factor responsible for eliciting acute mucosal inflammatory responses associated with H. pylori infection. In this study, we applied the animal model of H. pylori lipopolysaccharide-induced acute gastritis to assess the effect of antiulcer agent, ebrotidine, on the gastric mucosal inflammatory responses by analyzing the interplay between the activity of a key apoptotic caspase, caspase-3, epithelial cell apoptosis, and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2). METHODS Rats, pretreated twice daily with ebrotidine at 100 mg/kg, or the vehicle, were subjected to intragastric application of H. pylori lipopolysaccharide at 50 microg/animal, and after 4 additional days on the antiulcer drug or vehicle regimen their mucosal tissue used for histologic assessment, assays of epithelial cells apoptosis, and the measurements of caspase-3 and NOS-2 activities. RESULTS In the absence of antiulcer agent, H. pylori lipopolysaccharide induced acute reaction characterized by the inflammatory infiltration of the lamina propria, hyperemia, and epithelial hemorrhage. This was accompanied by an 11.2-fold increase in epithelial cell apoptosis, a 6.5-fold induction in mucosal expression of NOS-2, and a 5.4-fold increase in caspase-3 activity. Treatment with H2-receptor antagonist ebrotidine, also known for its gastroprotective effects, produced a 50.9% reduction in the extent of mucosal inflammatory changes elicited by H. pylori lipopolysaccharide and an 82.5% decrease in the epithelial cells apoptosis, while the activity of caspase-3 decreased by 33.7% and that of NOS-2 showed a 72.8% decline. CONCLUSIONS The findings implicate caspase-3 involvement in gastric mucosal inflammatory responses to H. pylori lipopolysaccharide, and point towards participation of NOS-2 in the amplification of the cell death-signaling cascade. Our study also demonstrate that ebrotidine exerts modulatory effect on the H. pylori-induced mucosal inflammatory responses by interfering with the events propagated by NOS-2 and caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Slomiany
- Research Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark 07103-2400, USA.
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Slomiany BL, Piotrowski J, Slomiany A. Gastric mucosal inflammatory responses to Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide: down-regulation of nitric oxide synthase-2 and caspase-3 by sulglycotide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 261:15-20. [PMID: 10405316 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We applied the animal model of H. pylori lipopolysaccharide-induced gastritis to assess the effect of antiulcer agent, sulglycotide, on the mucosal inflammatory responses by analyzing the interplay between the activity of a key apoptotic caspase, caspase-3, epithelial cell apoptosis, and the expression of constitutive (cNOS) and inducible (NOS-2) nitric oxide synthase. H. pylori lipopolysaccharide applied intragastrically elicited within 4 days a pattern of mucosal responses resembling that of acute gastritis. This was accompanied by an 11.2-fold increase in epithelial cell apoptosis, a 6.5-fold induction in mucosal expression of NOS-2 and a 2.2-fold decline in cNOS, and a 5.4-fold increase in caspase-3 activity. Treatment with sulglycotide led to a 56.7% reduction in the extent of mucosal inflammatory changes elicited by H. pylori lipopolysaccharide and an 88.3% decrease in the epithelial cells apoptosis. Furthermore, this effect of sulglycotide was associated with a 51% decrease in mucosal expression of caspase-3 activity, a 73.7% decline in NOS-2, and a 64.1% increase in cNOS. The findings suggest that sulglycotide suppresses the H. pylori-induced mucosal inflammatory responses by up-regulating cNOS and interfering with the events propagated by NOS-2 and caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Slomiany
- Research Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, 07103-2400, USA
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Slomiany BL, Piotrowski J, Slomiany A. Suppression of Caspase-3 and Nitric-Oxide Synthase-2 During Buccal Mucosal Ulcer Healing: Effect of Chronic Alcohol Ingestion. IUBMB Life 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/152165499307521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Slomiany BL, Piotrowski J, Slomiany A. Suppression of caspase-3 and nitric-oxide synthase-2 during buccal mucosal ulcer healing: effect of chronic alcohol ingestion. IUBMB Life 1999; 48:121-5. [PMID: 10791926 DOI: 10.1080/713803479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the effect of chronic alcohol ingestion on the expression of constitutive (cNOS) and inducible (NOS-2) nitric-oxide synthase and the activity of an apoptotic protease, caspase-3, during buccal mucosal ulcer healing in rats maintained for 5 weeks on alcohol-containing or control liquid diet. In comparison with the controls, the ulcer onset in the alcohol group was characterized by a 2.5-fold greater epithelial cells apoptosis, 2.1-fold greater expression of caspase-3 activity, and a 1.4-fold greater enhancement in NOS-2, but expression of cNOS showed a 1.3-fold decrease. In both groups the ulcer healing was accompanied by a gradual decline in apoptosis, caspase-3, and NOS-2 and a recovery in cNOS activity, but the changes were considerably slower in the alcohol diet group, as manifested by a 40%(4 days) delay in ulcer healing. These results suggest that chronic alcohol ingestion interferes with the suppression of NOS-2 and the apoptotic events propagated by caspase-3 and hence affects the efficiency of oral mucosal repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Slomiany
- Research Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark Dental School 07103-2400, USA.
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Slomiany BL, Piotrowski J, Slomiany A. Endothelin-1, interleukin-4 and nitric oxide synthase modulators of gastric mucosal injury by indomethacin: effect of antiulcer agents. J Physiol Pharmacol 1999; 50:197-210. [PMID: 10424717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide, and cytokines are recognized mediators of the inflammatory processes associated with gastric mucosal injury. In this study, we investigated mucosal expression of ET-1, interleukin-4 (IL-4), and the activity of constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) during indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury, and evaluated the effect of antiulcer agents on this process. The experiments were conducted with groups of rats pretreated intragastrically with ranitidine (100 mg/kg), ebrotidine (100 mg/kg), sulglycotide (200 mg/kg) or vehicle, followed 30 min later by an intragastric dose of indomethacin (60 mg/kg). The animals were killed 2 h later and their mucosal tissue subjected to macroscopic damage assessment and the measurements of epithelial cell apoptosis, ET-1, IL-4, and cNOS. In the absence of antiulcer agents, indomethacin caused multiple hemorrhagic lesions and extensive epithelial cell apoptosis, accompanied by a 20.7% reduction in IL-4, a 3.1-fold increase in mucosal expression of ET-1 and a 4.2-fold decline in cNOS. Pretreatment with H2-receptor antagonist, ranitidine produced a 15.7% reduction in the mucosal damage caused by indomethacin, 29.5% decrease in epithelial cell apoptosis and a 19.6% reduction in ET-1, while the expression of IL-4 increased by 10.8% and that of cNOS showed a 2-fold increase. The H2-blocker, ebrotidine, also known for its gastroprotective effects, reduced the indomethacin-induced lesions by 90.2%, epithelial cell apoptosis decreased by 61% and ET-1 showed a 58.2% decline, while IL-4 increased by 30.6% and that of cNOS showed a 3.1-fold increase. Pretreatment with gastroprotective agent, sulglycotide, led to a 51.2% reduction in the extent of mucosal damage caused by indomethacin, a 43.9% decrease in apoptosis, and a 63.5% decrease in ET-1, while the expression of cNOS increased by 3.4-fold and the level of IL-4 showed a 32.2% increase. The results suggest that an increase in vasoconstrictive ET-1 level combined with a decrease in regulatory cytokine, IL-4, and a loss of compensatory action by cNOS may be responsible for gastric mucosal injury caused by indomethacin. Our findings also point to a value of ebrotidine and sulglycotide in countering the untoward gastrointestinal side effects of NSAID therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Slomiany
- Research Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark 07103-2400, USA
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Slomiany BL, Piotrowski J, Slomiany A. Role of endothelin-1 and constitutive nitric oxide synthase in gastric mucosal resistance to indomethacin injury: effect of antiulcer agents. Scand J Gastroenterol 1999; 34:459-64. [PMID: 10423059 DOI: 10.1080/003655299750026164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide, recognized key mediators implicated in the pathophysiology of gastric mucosal injury, are known to exert opposing effects on the inflammatory processes mediated by regulatory cytokines. In this study we investigated the mucosal expression of ET-1 and interleukin-4 (IL-4) and the activity of constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) during indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury and evaluated the effect of antiulcer agents, omeprazole and sucralfate, on this process. METHODS The experiments were conducted with groups of rats pretreated intragastrically with omeprazole (40 mg/kg), sucralfate (200 mg/kg), or vehicle, followed 30 min later by an intragastric dose of indomethacin (60 mg/kg). The animals were killed 2 h later, and their mucosal tissue subjected to macroscopic damage assessment, ET-1 and IL-4 expression assay, and the measurement of cNOS activity. RESULTS In the absence of antiulcer agents, indomethacin caused multiple hemorrhagic lesions and extensive epithelial cell apoptosis, accompanied by a 20.7% reduction in IL-4, a 3.1-fold increase in mucosal expression of ET-1, and a 4.2-fold decrease in cNOS. Pretreatment with a gastroprotective agent, sucralfate, produced a 59.7% reduction in the mucosal damage caused by indomethacin, a 41.2% decrease in epithelial cell apoptosis, and a 56.5% reduction in ET-1, whereas the expression of IL-4 increased by 29.3% and that of cNOS showed a 3.3-fold increase. In contrast, the pretreatment with a proton pump inhibitor, omeprazole, led to only a 10.5% reduction in the extent of mucosal damage caused by indomethacin and a 13% decrease in apoptosis, whereas the expression of cNOS increased by 68.7% and ET-1 by 12.2%, and the level of IL-4 remained essentially unchanged. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that an increase in the vasoconstrictive ET-1 level combined with a decrease in regulatory cytokine, IL-4, and a loss of compensatory action by cNOS may be responsible for the gastric mucosal injury caused by indomethacin. Our findings also indicate the value of sucralfate in countering the untoward gastrointestinal side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Slomiany
- Research Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, 07103-2400, USA
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Slomiany BL, Piotrowski J, Slomiany A. Involvement of endothelin-1 in up-regulation of gastric mucosal inflammatory responses to Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 258:17-20. [PMID: 10222227 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated gastric mucosal inflammatory responses during Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide-induced gastritis by analyzing the interplay between mucosal expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The assays conducted 4 days after intragastric dose of H. pylori lipopolysaccharide demonstrated a pattern of acute mucosal reaction characterized by the inflammatory infiltration of the lamina propria, hyperemia, and epithelial hemorrhage. This was accompanied by a 3.1-fold increase in the mucosal expression of ET-1 and a 9-fold enhancement in TNF-alpha, while the level of IL-4 showed a 20.8% decline. The results implicate ET-1 in gastric mucosal responses to H. pylori, and suggest that an increase in its level, combined with a loss of compensatory action by IL-4, may be responsible for the induction of TNF-alpha and triggering apoptotic events that exacerbate the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Slomiany
- Research Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, 07103-2400, USA.
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