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Mora J, Modak S, Kinsey J, Ragsdale CE, Lazarus HM. GM-CSF, G-CSF or no cytokine therapy with anti-GD2 immunotherapy for high-risk neuroblastoma. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1340-1364. [PMID: 38108214 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factors have been shown to improve anti-disialoganglioside 2 (anti-GD2) monoclonal antibody response in high-risk neuroblastoma by enhancing antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). A substantial amount of research has focused on recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as an adjuvant to anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies. There may be a disparity in care among patients as access to GM-CSF therapy and anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies is not uniform. Only select countries have approved these agents for use, and even with regulatory approvals, access to these agents can be complex and cost prohibitive. This comprehensive review summarizes clinical data regarding efficacy and safety of GM-CSF, recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or no cytokine in combination with anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies (ie, dinutuximab, dinutuximab beta or naxitamab) for immunotherapy of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. A substantial body of clinical data support the immunotherapy combination of anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies and GM-CSF. In contrast, clinical data supporting the use of G-CSF are limited. No formal comparison between GM-CSF, G-CSF and no cytokine has been identified. The treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma with anti-GD2 therapy plus GM-CSF is well established. Suboptimal efficacy outcomes with G-CSF raise concerns about its suitability as an alternative to GM-CSF as an adjuvant in immunotherapy for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. While programs exist to facilitate obtaining GM-CSF and anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies in regions where they are not commercially available, continued work is needed to ensure equitable therapeutic options are available globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Mora
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shakeel Modak
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joyce Kinsey
- Partner Therapeutics, Inc, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
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Goldschmidt JH, Chou L, Chan PK, Chen L, Robert N, Kinsey J, Pitts K, Nestor M, Rock EP, Lazarus HM. Real-world outcomes of 18,186 metastatic solid tumor outpatients: Baseline blood cell counts correlate with survival after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Cancer Med 2023; 12:20783-20797. [PMID: 37962239 PMCID: PMC10709745 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient survival in advanced/metastatic melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has improved with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Biomarkers' role in prognosis and treatment has been limited by conflicting trial results. METHODS This retrospective, observational study analyzed baseline demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data versus outcomes of The US Oncology Network adult outpatients. Patients with advanced/metastatic melanoma, NSCLC, or RCC treated between January 1, 2015 and November 30, 2020 were given ICI monotherapy or combination therapy with ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, or atezolizumab. Treatment outcomes (overall survival [OS], time to treatment discontinuation, time to next treatment) were followed longitudinally until May 31, 2021, last patient record, or date of death. Baseline blood cell counts, including absolute monocyte count (AMC), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and eosinophil count, were subdivided into quintiles for univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses. RESULTS Data from 18,186 patients with advanced/metastatic melanoma (n = 3314), NSCLC (n = 12,416), and RCC (n = 2456) were analyzed. Better OS correlated with increased baseline serum albumin concentration, increased eosinophil and lymphocyte counts, and Western United States physician practice location. Decreased OS correlated with increased AMC, MLR, ANC, age, and worse Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this study is the largest to date to associate baseline survival indicators and outcomes in outpatients with advanced/metastatic melanoma, NSCLC, or RCC and receiving ICIs. Results may inform disease-specific prognostic models and help providers identify patients most likely to benefit from ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Joyce Kinsey
- Partner Therapeutics, IncLexingtonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Matt Nestor
- Partner Therapeutics, IncLexingtonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Hillard M. Lazarus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and OncologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
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Goldschmidt JH, Chan PK, Chou LN, Chen L, Robert NJ, Kinsey J, Nestor M, Lazarus HM, Rock EP. Blood monocyte and lymphocyte counts patient outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: Real-world data of 12,416 patients. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e21023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e21023 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) are now commonly used in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Beyond PD-L1 status, no clinically validated predictive biomarkers guide therapeutic decision making regarding their use. Blood monocyte, lymphocyte counts, or their ratio might inform clinical utility of these expensive, potentially toxic agents. Methods: Adults with advanced/metastatic NSCLC receiving any ICPi after diagnosis from January 2015 to November 2020 were included. Treatment outcomes were followed until 31 May 2021. Data were sourced from structured fields of electronic health records from The US Oncology Network and non-Network practices. The primary end point was overall survival (OS), and time to treatment discontinuation (TTD) was secondary. Baseline absolute monocyte count (AMC), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were subdivided into quintiles (Q) with Q1 lowest and Q5 highest. Patient (pt) and treatment characteristics were described. Time-to-event outcomes were assessed by Kaplan-Meier methods. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses described associations among baseline biomarkers, OS, and TTD. Results: For 12,416 pts with NSCLC, median OS and TTD were 13.6 months (mos) and 4.5 mos, respectively. For AMC, patients in Q2 and Q3 had the longest median OS of 15.9 mos. Median TTD by AMC was longest for Q1 and Q2 (5.1 mos), declining sequentially to 3.3 mos for Q5. For ALC, Q5 had longest median OS of 19.2 mos, as well as longest median TTD of 5.8 mos. For MLR, Q1 had the longest median OS and TTD of 22.3 and 6.2 mos., respectively. In univariate Cox regression, AMC, ALC, and MLR each associated with OS and TTD (p < 0.0001). Pts in AMC Q5, compared with AMC Q1, had an OS hazard ratio (HR) of 1.48 (95% CI 1.38-1.60). For ALC, each successive increasing quintile, compared to ALC Q1, demonstrated a lower risk of death (p < 0.0001). Pts in MLR Q5, compared with MLR Q1, had an OS HR of 2.21 (95% CI 2.04-2.39). Conclusions: This data set is the largest to date to examine interactions among baseline immune cell counts, ICPi use, and pt outcome in NSCLC. These data inform efforts to describe immune-based prognostic risk groups among NSCLC pts receiving immunotherapy.[Table: see text]
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Petti D, Hill R, Gehin J, Gougar H, Strydom G, O’Connor T, Heidet F, Kinsey J, Grandy C, Qualls A, Brown N, Powers J, Hoffman E, Croson D. A Summary of the Department of Energy’s Advanced Demonstration and Test Reactor Options Study. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00295450.2017.1336029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Petti
- Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415
| | - R. Hill
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
| | - J. Gehin
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - H. Gougar
- Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415
| | - G. Strydom
- Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415
| | - T. O’Connor
- U.S. Department of Energy, Germantown, Maryland
| | - F. Heidet
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
| | - J. Kinsey
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
| | - C. Grandy
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
| | - A. Qualls
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - N. Brown
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - J. Powers
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - E. Hoffman
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
| | - D. Croson
- Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415
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Prout G, Lin CW, Benson R, Nseyo U, Daly J, Griffin P, Kinsey J, Tian ME, Lao YH, Main YZ, Chen X, Ren FM, Qiao SJ. Photodynamic Therapy With Hematoporphyrin Derivative in the Treatment of Superficial Transitional-Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder. J Urol 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)42809-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G.R. Prout
- Urology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - C.-W. Lin
- Urology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - R. Benson
- Urology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - U.O. Nseyo
- Urology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - J.J. Daly
- Urology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - P.P. Griffin
- Urology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - J. Kinsey
- Urology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - M.-E. Tian
- Urology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Y.-H. Lao
- Urology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Y.-Z. Main
- Urology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - X. Chen
- Urology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - F.-M. Ren
- Urology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - S.-J. Qiao
- Urology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
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